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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Recidivism'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Yeung, Cham-ming. "A study of psychosocial vulnerability in the process of criminal recidivism implications for recidivism prevention /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31979403.

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2

Yan, Jiahui Weagley Robert O. "A multidisciplinary study on juvenile recidivism and multilevel impacts risk factors, neighborhood features, and juvenile justice intervention /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6128.

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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 17, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Robert O. Weagley. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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3

Lynton, Eddy Fritsch Eric J. "Correlates of recidivism a study examining the differences between first time felony probationers and recidivist felony probation offenders /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3645.

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4

Silphiphat, Kevalin. "PREDICTORS OF RE-OFFENDING IN OHIO JUVENILE OFFENDERS: EXAMINING THE ROLE OF CHILD ABUSE." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1195418905.

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Dissertation (Ph. D.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Public Administration and Urban Studies, 2007.
"December, 2007." Title from electronic dissertation title page (viewed 03/19/2008) Advisor, Sonia Alemagno; Co-Advisor, Margaret Tonkin; Committee members, Margaret Tonkin, Peter Leahy, Dena Hanley, William Bowen; Department Chair, Sonia Alemagno; Dean of the College, Ronald F. Levant; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.

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5

楊湛明 and Cham-ming Yeung. "A study of psychosocial vulnerability in the process of criminal recidivism: implications for recidivismprevention." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31979403.

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6

Dhaliwal, Gurmeet Kaur. "Classification, program assignment and recidivism." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7719.

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This study examined the efficacy of a classification system, Case Management Strategies (C.M.S.), for federally-incarcerated male offenders in Ontario penitentiaries. Three research questions were asked: (1) How appropriate are program recommendations made by Case Management Officers (C.M.O.s) using C.M.S.?; (2) To what extent are these recommended programs completed by the offenders?; and, (3) Is recidivism influenced by either (a) completion of recommended programs; (b) completion of recommended programs and degree of appropriateness of these recommendations; or, (c) completion of programs which actually address the offenders' needs? The results of this study found that: (1) only about half of the program recommendations made by the C.M.O.s were judged to be appropriate; (2) only a small proportion of the recommended programs had actually been completed by the offenders; and, (3) although there was a small statistically significant effect of the percentage of recommended programs completed on recidivism, recidivism was not affected by the percentage of recommended "treatment/training" programs which were completed; percentage of recommended programs which were completed and appropriate, nor by the degree to which the offenders' needs were addressed by the programs completed. These results raised some serious questions about the efficacy of classification as part of a rehabilitation process.

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7

Hemphill, James Franklin. "Psychopathy, criminal history, and recidivism." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0005/NQ34517.pdf.

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8

Watson, Charles M. "Examining juvenile crime and recidivism." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2007. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=757.

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9

Kirkpatrick, Bonnie Lavonne High. "Cognitive restructuring : effects on recidivism." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1027089.

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The purpose of this baseline study was to determine the effectiveness of a cognitive restructuring program in reducing recidivism of offenders under supervision in a communitybased setting. The study also sought to determine the relationships between three outcomes (no recidivism within one year of release from the community-based supervised setting, violation of Home Detention requirements resulting in incompleteness of court ordered supervision, and recidivism within one year of release from Home Detention) and risk predictor variables including hours of participation in a cognitive restructuring program (Criminal Intervention), gender, race, age, previous criminal history, educational attainment, and history of substance abuse.The population of the study included offenders under sentence of community-based supervision during a two-year period from November, 1992 to October, 1994. One group of 297 offenders participated in the cognitive restructuring intervention program; another group of 346 offenders did not participate. Chi-square analyses based in contingency tables determined statistical significance of the categorical variables, and stepwise discriminant analysis was utilized to create a model that best differentiated between three outcome groups.When using 16 predictor variables, the results of discriminant analyses indicated that outcomes between groups could be differentiated by a function that accounted for 94% of the variability between groups and resulted in no statistically significant residual discriminations. Pearson product-moment correlational analyses indicated only modest correlations between the variables, and chi-square analyses resulted in the rejection of seven out of ten hypotheses concerning outcome and the categorical risk variables.Two important findings relating to the treatment program, Criminal Intervention, were found. Post-release recidivism of offenders was reduced by 7%. However, offenders participating in the treatment program were terminated from supervision due to violations of the conditions for that supervision at an additional rate of 10% over the nonparticipating violators. The review of the literature and research findings confirmed that individual differences were important to successful rehabilitation; therefore, appropriate matching between intervention program and offender risk and need was warranted. Follow up studies, comprehensive offender assessments, and development, utilization, and validation of a comprehensive risk assessment tool was recommended for future research.
Department of Educational Leadership

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10

MacPherson, Gary John Dick. "Predicting escalation in sex offence recidivism : use of the SVR-20 and PCL:SV to predict outcome with non-contact recidivists and contact recidivists." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10319.

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There is considerable responsibility on the clinician to identify sex offenders who may potentially commit more serious sexually violent behaviour and an increased demand for evidence based risk assessments (Macpherson, 1997; Thomas-Peter and Warren, 1998). Offenders who commit non-contact sexual crimes are traditionally classified as harmless despite the significant minority who escalate in offence severity towards more violent sexual offending. Forty convicted male sex offenders were classified as non-contact or contact sexual recidivists. Non-contact recidivists had a history of non-contact sexual offending on two or more occasions. Contact recidivists had a history of noncontact offending and had recidivated with a contact sexual offence. Groups were compared on the Sexual Violence Risk-20 (SVR-20: Boer et al. 1997) and the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL: SV: Hart et al. 1995). Psychosexual variables, criminal history and clinical risk factors were also coded using a multi-variable assessment model. A retrospective-prospective comparison successfully used by Quinsey et al. (1995) was performed between non-contact and contact recidivist groups. Factors that discriminated between non-contact recidivists and contact recidivists were primarily historical in nature, reflecting fixed or relatively stable characteristics. Significant differences between non-contact recidivists and contact recidivists were observed on total PCL: SV scores and psychosocial factors of the SVR-20 including sexual deviation, a history of childhood victimisation and past nonviolent offences. Contact recidivists were significantly younger than non-contact recidivists at first non-sexual offence and were significantly more likely to have a history of homosexual offending. A high level of interrater reliability on the SVR-20 and PCL: SV was observed. Suggested revisions to several iten1s of the SVR-20 and methodological considerations are reported. The research demonstrates that a progressive pattern of sexual offending from noncontact sexual offending to contact sexual offending is reliably associated with a combination of risk factors. The study offers the potential for early detection of a more serious escalation in sexual offending to allow for the possibility of supervision and clinical risk management.

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11

Russell, Christiana Modupe. "Educational risk and recidivism an exploratory analysis of court involved youth /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1149100473.

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12

Elam, Paul. "Explaining recidivsm [i.e. recidivism] the impact of program integrity on the success of African American male offenders /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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13

Wehrman, Michael M. "Race, gender, and recidivism what matters? /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1114701592.

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14

Lawing, Sara Kathryn. "Predictors of recidivism in adolescent offenders." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1404.

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Adolescent offenders commit a significant number of physical and sexual assaults every year. A critical task for researchers and clinicians is to understand the distinct pathways that lead to these serious types of offending. The current study attempts to test the importance of these different pathways by comparing violent, violent sex, non-violent sex, and non-violent offenders based on SAVRY risk items, reoffending, and effects of treatment. A sample of 517 adolescents on probation was assessed for several risk factors (i.e., anger management, ADHD, low empathy/remorse) by probation officers. Recidivism over 12 months was assessed from official records. Results indicated that after controlling for race, groups differed on several risk factors, with significant differences noted between violent and non-violent sex offenders for anger management and attention deficit/hyperactivity problems, as well as violent sex offenders and all other offenders for low empathy/remorse. In comparison to non-violent offenders, violent offenders had more any re-offense and violent re-offense. While risk factors partially predicted the relationship between offender and recidivism, treatment did not moderate this relationship.

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15

Buccigross, James Mitchell. "Predicting recidivism among violent juvenile delinquents." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1057074194.

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16

WEHRMAN, MICHAEL M. "RACE, GENDER, AND RECIDIVISM: WHAT MATTERS?" University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1114701592.

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17

Povitsky, Wendy Tobie. "Teen court does it reduce recidivism? /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3274.

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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Criminology and Criminal Justice. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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18

Lynton, Eddy. "Correlates of Recidivism: A Study Examining the Differences Between First Time Felony Probationers and Recidivist Felony Probation Offenders." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3645/.

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The purpose of this study is to explore the differences and characteristics between first time felony probationer and recidivist felony probation offender. The importance of said studies grows significantly, given current trends of sentencing offenders to probation. Using archived data on random sample of felony offenders in 2000 and based on information acquired and maintained by the Denton County Community Supervision and Corrections Department (CSCD), the study consists of 40 first time felony offenders and 40 recidivist felony offender placed on probation during the year 2000. The method consists of a longitudinal comparison model. To examine the research question, descriptive statistics are used to compare basic demographics. Then, in order to answer the research question bi-variate significant tests, Chi-square and Independent Sample T-tests were employed when appropriate. Results indicate differences between first time felony probation offenders and recidivist felony probationers.

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19

Seacat, Julia. "Examining U.S. Drug Policy and Recidivism Rates." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1735.

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A number of literature have analyzed the effect of harsh punitive laws on crime rates in the United States. This study aims to investigate the effect of specific U.S. federal drug policies on the rates of recidivism for nonviolent drug crimes during the years 1997 through 2009. I use data from a probation survey from the Bureau of Labor Statistics that is specifically comprised of America’s youth criminal population. I measure recidivism of nonviolent drug crime through re-arrest due to selling drugs using a few different metrics including a multivariate regression model using economic and social indicators as the explanatory variables and a discrete time hazard model. I find that U.S. federal drug policy increases the probability of recidivism during these years due to an upward trend of recidivism rates.

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20

Parker, Richard John, and n/a. "Intersource agreement on the prediction of recidivism." University of Canberra. Professional & Community Education, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061031.111330.

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In a wide range of counselling situations, including those involving offenders, researchers have bemoaned the lack of consensus about outcome. Some researchers have argued that a lack of consensus is due to the fact that the different sources retain unique points of view, which can never be amalgamated into a common outcome. The current paper argues that, while sources will have their own unique perspective, it is possible to develop a meaningful consensus, if it is done very carefully. The factors which need to be taken into consideration are: measuring different outcomes; the different interpretation of the question by each source; and bias. An important outcome in correctional settings is an offender's current level of criminality, or likelihood of reoffending. It was hypothesised that the 12 Probation and Parole Officers' predictions about the likelihood of recidivism of 368 offenders would correlate with fresh charges recorded within 12 months by the Magistrates Court. This hypothesis was supported. It was also hypothesised that the Level of Service Inventory - Revised (LSI-R) would also correlate with fresh charges and that the former correlation would be different to the latter. While the LSI-R did correlate significantly with fresh charges, the predictions of the Probation and Parole Officers were not significantly different. The use of correlation coefficients to assess predictive validity has been criticised as they are affected by base rates of offending and selection ratios of offenders to high and low risk categories. However when a more appropriate statistical tool, the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC) was employed, the results were not substantially different. The predictive abilities of offenders was also tested against the same criterion and Intersource Agreement on the Prediction Recidivism were found sorely wanting, failing to correlate with fresh charges or any of the other predictive measures. It is argued that the offenders failed to predict accurately because of bias and/or poor ability to predict their own behaviour. The ability of the Probation and Parole Officers to predict reoffending to a much greater level than usually recorded in the criminological literature was ascribed to the higher level of information about their own predictive abilities, through a natural feedback mechanism which does not usually apply to professionals making clinical predictions about recidivism, and to training in predictors of reoffending which they received when they were trained in the administration of the LSI-R. It was also found that the ability of the LSI-R to predict recidivism was improved by incorporating offender age through linear regression. Suggestions were made for improving consensus among sources in counselling outcome studies. In particular, it was noted that sources do not necessarily interpret the question in the manner the researcher desires and it may be necessary to test the subjects' ability to distinguish between similar questions when this distinction is important.

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21

Joyce, Sarah Leigh. "Do Victim Impact Panels Reduce DUI Recidivism?" Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28083.

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This study looks at Victim Impact Panels as an effective program for reducing recidivism of convicted drunk drivers. Researchers collected data on a group of DUI offenders who were sentenced to attend a Victim Impact Panel (VIP) after being convicted of a DUI (410 cases) and a group of DUI offenders who were sentenced by a judge who did not order them to attend a VIP (373 cases). Using logistic regression, researchers found those offenders who were sentenced to attend a Victim Impact Panel were significantly less [likely] to reoffend, both in terms of subsequent DUI convictions, and criminal offenses in general. In addition, this study showed Victim Impact Panels proved to be beneficial to those offenders who have had previous DUI convictions, and have attended a Victim Impact Panel in the past. The resulting policy and program implications are discussed.

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22

Miller-Roenigk, Brittany D. "Predictors of Recidivism in Rural Incarcerated Women." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1504794695385065.

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23

Martinez, Crystal G. "Recidivism Among Juvenile Sex Offenders in Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271862/.

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Juvenile sex offenders represent a serious and violent group of delinquents. Despite the severity of their crimes, the literature focusing on risk factors that influence recidivism and the types of re-arrest after incarceration is lacking. This research study examined 499 determinately sentenced juvenile sex offenders that were released from the Texas Juvenile Justice Department. This sample was then followed for three years upon their release. This analysis revealed that 51.5 percent were re-arrested for any offense while 45.91 percent were re-arrested for a felony offense. This study identified a number of risk factors relative to JSO recidivism. These factors include having a history of emotional abuse, race being African American, being gang affiliated, having a larger number of previous adjudications, and having higher counts of institutional misconduct infractions. Those JSOs older at intake and release, and those who were incarcerated for longer periods of time were less likely to re-offend upon release. Lastly, this study ends with suggestions for future research as well as policy implications geared toward juvenile sex offenders.

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Rich, Courtney E. "Recidivism Among Determinately Sentenced Youth in Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc499985/.

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In Texas, determinate sentencing allows extremely serious and violent delinquents one more chance to change their ways by releasing them to the streets instead of being transferred to prison. This research study examined the recidivism outcomes of 416 serious and violent juvenile offenders previously exposed to rehabilitative treatment in the renowned Capital and Serious Violent Offender Treatment Program provided by the Texas Youth Commission. Further, this research study looked to a group of 1,261 determinately sentenced offenders who did not participate in Capital and Serious Violent Offender Treatment Program but were released from Texas Youth Commission as well. Both groups of juveniles were followed for three years following their release from institutionalization. This analysis revealed that 50% of both groups were rearrested at least once during the follow-up period for any offense. Of the Capital and Serious Violent Offender Program participants, 81% were rearrested for at least one new felony offense. Of those non-participants, 78% were rearrested for at least one new felony offense. The factors that served to distinguish both groups included African-American race and a number of delinquent history measures. This study concludes with a discussion of policy implications and suggestions for future research.

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25

Monnery, Benjamin. "Prison, reentry and recidivism : micro-econometric applications." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2132/document.

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Cette thèse de doctorat étudie les liens entre prison, réinsertion et récidive. Chacun des quatre chapitres contribue au champ croissant de l’´economie du crime, en appliquant diverses méthodes économétriques sur des données françaises pour répondre à des questions essentielles pour les politiques publiques.Le Chapitre 1 explore la dynamique du risque de récidive après la sortie de prison. Cet article est le premier à documenter la forme du hasard de récidive dans le temps en France (une fonction rapidement décroissante) et `a explorer les déterminants individuels majeurs qui expliquent le niveau et la dynamique des risques dans le temps.Le Chapitre 2 étudie l’effet causal des réductions de peine sur la récidive. Cet article est le premier à tenir explicitement compte du rôle essentiel des anticipations et de l’adaptation des détenus. En exploitant la grâce collective française de Juillet 1996 comme une expérience naturelle, les résultats soutiennent l’importance du design concret des réductions de peine.Le Chapitre 3 propose la première évaluation des effets causaux d’une politique pénale majeure en France, l’introduction du Placement sous Surveillance Électronique (PSE) comme alternative aux courtes peines de prison fermes. En utilisant la mise en place progressive du PSE dans les tribunaux français, l’article trouve des effets significatifs bénéfiques du PSE sur la récidive, par rapport à l’incarcération.Enfin, le Chapitre 4 mesure l’effet dissuasif d’une incarcération plus ou moins rapide sur la délinquance future. Cet article est le premier à estimer les effets très bénéfiques de recourir à des procédures rapides pour prévenir la récidive après la libération
This PhD dissertation investigates the linkages between prison, reentry and recidivism. Eachof the four chapters contributes to the growing field of the economics of crime, applying a series of econometric methods on French data to answer highly policy-relevant questions.Chapter 1 explores the dynamics of the risk of recidivism after prison release. This article is the first to document the shape of the hazard of recidivism over time in France (a fastlydiminishing function) and to explore the key individual characteristics explaining the level and dynamic of this risk over time.Chapter 2 investigates the causal effect of sentence reductions on recidivism. This article is the first to explicitely account for the key mediating role of anticipations and adaptation by prisoners. By exploiting the French collective pardon of July 1996 as a natural experiment, the article finds strong evidence supporting the importance of the concrete design of sentence reductions.Chapter 3 offers the first evaluation of the causal effects of a major penal policy in France, the introduction of Electronic Monitoring (EM) as an alternative to short prison sentences. Using the staged rollout of EM across courts and over time, the paper finds evidence of significant beneficial effects of EM on recidivism, compared to incarceration.Finally, Chapter 4 measures the deterrent effect of fast versus slower incarceration on future crime. This article is the first to estimate the large beneficial impact of using fast-track procedures, instead of longer procedures, on recidivism after release

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26

Levy, Elizabeth. "Parole and recidivism : a realist-inspired evaluation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22411.

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The aim of this study was to test the notion that the experience of being released from prison on parole reduces the risk of reoffending. The method was to apply the principles of 'scientific realist' evaluation to test four theories about how parole might be responsible for reducing the risk of recidivism among a small sample of paroles interviewed over the course of their licence periods. The four theories tested were that: the support and advice of a supervising social worker helps parolees to address offending-related behaviour and reduces the motivation or need to reoffend; the threat of recall to custody deters parolees from reoffending; regular surveillance from a supervising social worker increases the perceived risks that a return to offending will be detected and hence deters reoffending and finally that being selected by the Parole Board as deserving early release increases self-efficacy and gives parolees the encouragement and confidence to succeed on release. It was hoped that the study would make some contribution not only to the debate about the future of parole but also to the debate about how best to conduct evaluative research. Although the application of realist techniques provided some valuable insights into the parole experience, it provided no support for the notion that the conditions of the licence reduced the risk of recidivism. It was clear that the context in which many of the subjects were released was simply not conductive to the operation of the mechanisms outlined and, where the context was conductive, there was little or no evidence of a correlation between this and a reduction in the risk of reoffending. In considering the future of parole, the conclusion reached is that parole should be replaced with a reduction in the length of custodial sentences. In terms of the contribution of scientific realism, the study demonstrated that, while there were some important advantages of applying realist principles, there is little difference in the logic applied to test causality in this type of project and the logic applied in traditional experimental/quasi-experimental evaluations.

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Peters, Riley M. "Risk factors associated with violence and recidivism /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10942.

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Russell, Kia Chevon. "Recidivism Rates Among Juveniles With Mental Illness." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4404.

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Treating mental illness is imperative to help reduce criminal justice involvement within the juvenile population. Receiving mental health care will help decrease the likelihood for youth to reoffend, ultimately reducing recidivism rates. Past studies showed there are risk factors associated with juveniles and recidivism; however, very few studies have examined what factors are prevalent after services have been received. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that increase the risk of recidivism among juveniles who have received psychiatric stabilization in Harris County, Texas. Risk factors that were assessed included age, gender, ethnicity, and criminal offense. The psychodynamic perspective guided this study and archival data were obtained from the Harris County Psychiatric Center Database. Several statistical analyses were used in this study to include a t test, chi square analysis, and a binary logistic regression analysis. Results from this study found no significant relationship with mental health diagnosis and recidivism nor did it find a significant difference in the length of stay at the psychiatric center. This study did find that simple demographics were stronger than any predictor, concluding that younger Black males were more likely to recidivate. Based on the findings from this study, juvenile justice representatives will be able to evaluate and develop programs specifically targeted to the risk factors found to be associated with recidivism.

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29

Latimer, Jeff 1967. "Youth delinquency, family intervention treatment and recidivism : a meta-analysis." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29947.

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This thesis explored the relationship between youth delinquency, family intervention treatment and recidivism through a meta-analysis of existing literature. Fifty individual effect size estimates were derived from thirty-five experimental research studies examining the impact of involving families in the treatment of young offenders. Initially, family intervention treatment was found to significantly reduce the recidivism of young offenders compared to non-familial responses to youth crime. Methodology, however, was found to be a crucial determinant of the reported effects of treatment; studies using less rigorous methods tended to produce significantly higher rates of success than studies using more rigorous methods. In terms of treatment characteristics, programs treating younger offenders and programs with voluntary participation displayed significantly lower levels of reported recidivism. The results suggested the need to develop more rigorous methods and reporting practices and to target younger offenders with voluntary family-based interventions.

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Marcoux, Kyla. "Recidivism among mentally disordered offenders: An Ontario study." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28678.

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The de-institutionalization of mental health facilities believed to be responsible for the "criminalization" of mental illness has lead to a large number of persons with a mental illness to come into contact with the correctional system. Once labelled as an 'offender', it is difficult to gain access to mental health resources. Consequently, a significant number of mentally ill persons who are also criminal offenders find themselves caught in a vicious cycle of incarceration, release and subsequent re-incarceration, without ever benefiting from psychiatric treatment. Recidivism is the most commonly used measure of the performance of the correctional system; however, there is little research on the rates of recidivism of mentally ill offenders within corrections. Multiple logistic regression revealed that mentally disordered offenders were twice as likely as non-mentally disordered offenders to have recontact with the provincial correctional system; however, survival analysis showed that they came into re-contact at the same rate.

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31

Weinrath, Michael. "Explanations of drunk driving recidivism, an exploratory analysis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq23089.pdf.

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32

Field, Oliver Hugh. "Risk factors for arson recidivism in adult offenders." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6639/.

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This thesis explores risk factors for recidivistic arson in adult offenders. Chapter one provides an introduction to the characteristics of adult firesetters and theoretical approaches to understanding their behaviour. Chapter two provides a critique of the Fire Setting Scale (FSS) in terms of its psychometric properties and concludes that the FSS shows promise as a psychometric measure of fire interest and antisociality associated with firesetting in the general population. Chapter three contains a systematic review of the evidence base relating to risk factors for recidivistic arson in adult offenders. Standardised effect sizes are calculated and the data synthesised to identify risk factors with varying strengths of empirical support. The 15 studies reviewed varied in quality, contained few female subjects, and often studied psychiatric rather than wider criminal justice populations. The empirical research presented in Chapter four consists of a retrospective case-control study comparing a large sample of recidivist and first-time arsonists on a range of variables. Separate analyses for female and male subjects revealed differences in risk factors. Logistic regression was used to build predictive models of arson recidivism which were then operationalised into gender-specific risk prediction tools. Theoretical and clinical implications of the thesis are discussed in Chapter five, and a preliminary model of arson recidivism is proposed.

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Gebhard, Madison. "Relationships Within the Family Tree: Roots of Recidivism." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1237.

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This paper seeks to examine the correlation between family relations and habitual criminal activity. Building on previous research analyzing the power and influence of positive family environments on criminal behavior, I studied the effect of parent-child relationships as determinants of adult recidivism. My results corresponded with previous studies and implied a direct correlation between positive relationships and recidivism reduction. Furthermore, my findings support the research illustrating the effect of a person's family criminal history, level of education, and socioeconomic status on criminal behavior, which may ultimately have an effect on these influential ties between parents and children.

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Huggins, Christopher M. "Returning Home: Residential mobility, neighborhood context and recidivism." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250277592.

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Joseph, Jennifer. "Characteristics of recidivism among intensive and regular probationers." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2001. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0228101-174319/unrestricted/Josephj.pdf.

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Meneses, Rohald Ardwan. "Studying patterns and correlates of recidivism across race." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000745.

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Rutkowski, Michael. "An Examination of Victory Seeker Use and Recidivism." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5580.

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The current study extended earlier findings about the RealVictory program by using a larger sample and by examining Victory Seeker phone use in more detail. Using a sample of 144 juveniles, it was found that as the number of calls answered increased, the likelihood of a rearrest and the number of rearrests decreased slightly but the differences were not statistically significant. However, as the number of calls increased, the likelihood of a felony rearrest decreased significantly and the total number of felony arrests decreased significantly. These findings suggest that Victory Seeker may be a useful tool to reinforce and provide follow-up after treatment.

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Erbe, Joanne Marie. "Spirituality: The effects on female inmates and recidivism." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2681.

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This study examined the effects of the spiritual component of rehabilitation on female inmates who were in custody during 2002 at the Larry D. Smith Correctional Facility (LDSCF) and how church attendance relates to recidivism.

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Wilson, Hollie J. "Reducing recidivism by first time drink driving offenders." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/82215/1/Hollie_Wilson_Thesis.pdf.

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This research provides a detailed description of first time drink driving offenders at the time of their court appearance and at follow-up to examine the factors leading to subsequent drink driving. To develop models for behavioural change a novel theoretical application of the Health Action Process Approach was used to determine what enables some offenders to avoid future drink driving. Utilising self-report and official offence records in the follow-up of offenders enabled an in depth exploration of first offender characteristics and drink driving behaviour. The research demonstrates that first offenders are not a homogenous group in terms of their characteristics or the circumstances of the offence and will be used to develop tailored countermeasures for first offenders including online intervention programs.

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Dougherty, Heather. "The effectiveness of education programming in relation to recidivism rates within Region 5 - Department of Corrections." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2006. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2006/2006doughertyh.pdf.

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O'Hare, Geraldine. "Sexual offending & predictors of general & sexual recidivism." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2016. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/sexual-offending--predictors-of-general--sexual-recidivism(b55173ef-9b8b-4c73-98e1-391947310bdc).html.

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Supervision of sexual offenders can only work to reduce risk when it monitors and addresses factors related to both general and sexual recidivism. It is well known that many sexual offenders commit other types of offences, such as violent and general offending, but other types of offenders rarely commit sexual offences (Hanson & Bussiere, 1998). It is therefore necessary to distinguish sexual offenders from other offenders when we study the different recidivism types, and the key risk factors for the prediction of any reoffending. This study assessed the predictive utility of several commonly used psychometrics in Northern Ireland, namely the Stable and Acute 2007, Risk Matrix 2000, and the STEP battery. Risk assessments were collected from a sample of 325 participants each of whom had been convicted of a sexual offence in Northern Ireland. The data is archival, sourced from risk assessments and psychometrics conducted on offenders subject to supervision under the Public Protection Arrangements for Northern Ireland (PPANI) between 2008 and 2010. Overall levels of risk and individual risk factors as measured by these instruments were compared to rates of reoffending. A number of salient individual factors were identified from the sample, such as capacity for relationship stability, sexual deviancy, rejection of supervision and victim access, which links to distinguishing typologies of offending in sexual offenders supervised within the Public Protection Arrangements for N. Ireland (PPANI). While it was not possible to statistically link individual factors 9 to re-offending rates, results indicated that overall risk levels obtained by all three assessment tools have predictive utility in relation to non-sexual offending and breaches of probation conditions or licensing. Statistical analysis of sexual re-offending was not possible due to the small number of such offences within this sample. Findings from this study have both strategic and practical implications for the management of sexual offenders in N. Ireland. The main findings were that all three instruments predicted offending behaviour, breaches of probation, or breaches of licence. Recommendations and directions to inform future policy and practice are outlined in the Discussion Section.

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Escarela-Perez, Gabriel. "Extending split-population models in the analysis of recidivism." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340570.

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Maroney, Thomas T. "Recidivism Measurement and Sanction Effectiveness in Youth Diversion Programs." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5417.

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With the rapid growth of juvenile offender diversion programs, which use many non-traditional sanctions, the effectiveness of sanction combinations in juvenile diversion programs and in each individual program needs to be evaluated. Those making sanctioning decisions currently do so based on intuition rather than using an evidence- or theory-based approach. Considerable research has examined the relationship between offender risk factors and recidivism (who is more likely to reoffend?) and between offender risk factors and sanctions (who is more likely to receive what sanctions?), but little is known about the relationship between sanctions and recidivism (which sanctions best reduce recidivism and for whom?). Furthermore, recidivism studies vary drastically in how they measure or quantify recidivism. This variability of approach makes comparing studies difficult and provides a less-than-complete picture of recidivism in general. The present study used data from one specific youth diversion program to test certain hypotheses of sanctioning by developing and testing a model for assigning sanction combinations to certain offenders on the basis of their individual characteristics. The study first developed measurement models for Offender Risk Propensity, Multiplicity of Sanctions, and Recidivism using structural equation modeling (SEM). Then predictive models were developed to test specific relationships. Understanding the effectiveness of certain sanction packages on certain offenders can form the basis for effective sanctioning in youth diversion programs. This study sought to answer three research questions: What is the best way to measure recidivism? Does completion of a restorative justice program reduce recidivism? Which sanctions, if any, reduce recidivism for specific offender types? To answer the first question: a multi-indicator latent construct of recidivism did a very good job of measuring variation in recidivism. Multiple indicators analyzed simultaneously produced a robust tool that can be used in other recidivism studies and help to reduce comparability issues between studies. The recidivism construct, when tested as a function of completion of the restorative justice program, was seen to produce a significant model having an overall good fit with the data. Thus to answer the second research question: offenders' completion status for the restorative justice program was shown to be a significant predictor of the latent construct of recidivism at the 0.05 level (two-tailed), with those who failed to complete (or chose not to participate) having higher recidivism than did those who completed the program. To answer the third research question: the assignment of specific sanctions (both those suggested by research and theory and those traditionally assigned by this and similar programs) on the entire data set (and on various subsets) of this study have no statistically significant impact on recidivism at the 0.05 level (two tailed). The findings suggest many policy implications. Consistency is all but nonexistent in recidivism measurements in the academic literature and in program review studies. A multi-indicator latent construct of recidivism, such as the one proposed and proven effective in this study, provides a more complete picture than simply conceptualizing recidivism by one dummy variable. This recidivism model can be used as the endogenous variable to evaluate programs and their practices and could reduce the problem of study comparability. This could lead to a better understanding of program characteristics and their impact on offender success. This study also found that completion of the Neighborhood Restorative Justice Program was a significant predictor of recidivism, yet none of the eleven most commonly assigned sanctions were seen to have a significant impact on recidivism for any subgroup. Proponents of restorative justice argue that it is the programs' characteristics and not their specific activities that make the programs successful. Reintegrative Shaming Theory and Labeling Theory support this claim and suggest the best approach to address youth criminal behavior is to admonish the act and not the actor, have the offender and community agree on a plan to make the community whole after that criminal act, and prevent repeated interaction with the formal criminal justice system which encourages the youth to see themself as a deviant and engage in further deviant behavior. These characteristics should be further examined and widely employed if confirmed.
ID: 031001313; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: Thomas T. H. Wan.; Title from PDF title page (viewed March 25, 2013).; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 253-262).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Health and Public Affairs
Public Affairs

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Thebaud-Young, Sandra Denise. "Weight scales| Do they impact heart failure hospital recidivism?" Thesis, The William Paterson University of New Jersey, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3636860.

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This study was designed to evaluate the impact of providing weight scales on the readmission rates of heart failure (HF) patients. The limited research on this topic has found a correlation between the provision of weight scales and decreased readmission rate. The literature review and Dorothea Orem's self care theory establishes the importance of symptom recognition in HF patients to also decrease the rate of readmission. The original design was a quasi experimental quantitative study of an intervention program using data from charts of HF patients who were given weight scales. This sample of patients would be compared to HF patients who did receive weight scales at a different institution. Two acute care hospitals in New Jersey; one had a HF discharge program that provided HF patients with weight scales; the other did not. Difficulties with implementing this field study made the original design impossible to implement. The new two group design compared the readmission rates of HF patients who received weight scales to HF patients who did not receive weight scales at the same facility in Central Jersey. This design also proved impossible to implement due to a new set of difficulties related to conducting field studies. These difficulties made it impossible to reach any statistical conclusions about the effect of weight scale provision on HF patients. The significant learning of this study was about the difficulties of conducting field studies.

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McEwan, Alexander William. "The relationship between personality and recidivism in young offenders." Thesis, Durham University, 1985. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1612/.

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46

Kowalski, Brian Richard. "A Multifaceted Examination of Reentry and Recidivism in Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1259162945.

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Vaughn, Sydney. "Recidivism among Determinately Sentenced Juvenile Homicide Offenders in Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984156/.

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Juvenile homicide offenders pose a significant risk to society considering the severity of the crime, yet this population of delinquents receives little attention in terms of recidivism research. This study examined the recidivism outcomes of a group of 256 determinately sentenced homicide offenders in Texas. Each of these juveniles had be confined to and subsequently release from the Texas Youth Commission, and were followed for three years following release. The aim of this research study was to distinguish recidivists from non-recidivists across demographic, delinquent history, and risk factor measures. These same measures were then used to predict recidivism among the entire sample. Overall, the measures of race, gender, and previous delinquent adjudications emerged significant. First, Black youth were significantly more likely to recidivate than both Hispanic and White youth. Additionally, recidivism among males was significantly greater than non-recidivism among males. In contrast, there were fewer females in recidivist group than the non-recidivist group. Finally, youth with a greater number of previous delinquent adjudications were significantly more likely to recidivate, and the risk of recidivism increased as the number of previous adjudications increased. These findings are consistent with previous literature and indicate that these factors are prevalent in analyzing the recidivist behavior of determinately sentenced juvenile homicide offenders.

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Wehrman, Michael M. "Returning to Crime: Individual and Community Effects on Recidivism." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1237228803.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2009.
Advisor: David J. Maume. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed July 28, 2009). Keywords: Recidivism; race; sex; corrections. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

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Williams, Tonya P. "Reducing recidivism among non-violent and violent female offenders." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 2001. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.

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Reed, Chemika. "Mental illness in prison| Recidivism rates and diagnostic criteria." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3727501.

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The purpose of the descriptive, quantitative study was to examine recidivism rates of mentally ill incarcerated individuals. With data provided by the Florida Department of Corrections, the current study sought to describe recidivism rates of mentally ill offenders who, within three years of release, returned to prison. The use of descriptive statistics provided information through means, modes, and frequencies, which led to incorporating logistic regression to provide further details concerning recidivism. The sample consisted initially of more than 120,000 offenders released, and narrowed to more than 20,000 released with a mental health diagnosis in the studied time frame, 2005 to 2008. The study consisted of 11 categorical and individual diagnoses while incorporating analyses of demographics, crimes committed, educational level, past incarcerations, and other variables in relation to mental health diagnoses. The results identified those with a mental health diagnosis were more apt to return to prison within the three-year time frame than those with no diagnosis. Specifically, those with a Schizophrenia diagnosis had a higher recidivism rate than the other diagnoses studied. Other variables found positive for recidivism were age, gender, and prior prison arrest record.

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