Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Recherche standard'
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Bruel, Philippe. "Recherche d'interactions au-delà du modèle standard à HERA." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005328.
Full textBruel, Philippe. "Recherche d'interactions au-dela du modele standard a hera." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112147.
Full textBrunier, Tristan. "Recherche de signatures d'une physique non-standard dans les relevés cosmologiques." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112358.
Full textThis report focuses on the origin of large-scale structures of the universe and the corresponding observable signatures. We examine classical evolution of perturbations before studying quantum mecanism which gave rise to them. The classical evolution of inhomogneities is described with the theory of cosmological perturbations. Special attention is paid to second-order non-linearities, which are likely to show up tiny effects, set up initially or induced by the evolution. These tools are used to connect the structure of inhomogeneities to that of anisotropies of temperature and polarization of the cosmic microwave background. They allow a new physical interpretation of the power spectra behaviors, including high order effects. The effect induced by a dipolar anisotropy, of statistical or experimental nature, is examined as well as the behavior of non-Gaussian temperature fluctuations of primordial origin. We then explore the properties of quantum fields in curved spacetime, focusing on de Sitter space. In particular, we characterize the consequence of renormalization on the field masses. We finally apply these concepts to quantum fluctuations during inflation. We study the specific signatures of some inflationary models and show that non-Gaussianities are characterized and we check that these models survive radiative corrections to fields masses
Motsch, Fabien. "Recherche du boson de higgs standard avec le detecteur aleph au lep2." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX22037.
Full textEmprin, Clémence. "Les Dynamiques Communicationnelles dans la Recherche en Ecologie : Projet et Programme de Recherche sur la Biodiversité." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770153.
Full textPihan-Le, Bars Hélène. "Des horloges atomiques à la mission MICROSCOPE : recherche de violations d’invariance de Lorentz." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEO010/document.
Full textThis thesis presents two Lorentz invariance tests, performed within the Standard Model Extension framework (SME). The first one is a search for a violation in the matter sector of the SME, using data from a cold atom clock. The search for variations in the hyperfine transition frequency of 133Cs allowed us to constrain several SME coefficients related to protons and neutrons, with a sensitivity improving by up to 12 orders of magnitude the current best laboratory limits on these coefficients. The second test was carried out using the data from the MICROSCOPE space mission, in flight since April 2016, which is intended to test the Weak Equivalence Principle (WEP) with an accuracy of 10−15 on the Eötvös parameter. In this experiment, a coupling between matter and gravitation could lead to Lorentz violation signals and therefore to variations in relative acceleration of two test masses depending on the satellite orientation. The relative acceleration is measured by a differential electrostatic accelerometer. The first results, obtained through the analysis of five sessions, have already demonstrated an improvement of up to 4 orders of magnitude of the constraints on two coefficients of the SME sector of matter-gravity couplings
Teyssier, Daniel. "Recherche du boson de Higgs standard et non-minimal à LEP2 dans l'expérience L3." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001929.
Full textDe plus, les recherches de production de scalaires neutres sont développées, dans les modèles généraux à deux doublets de Higgs de type II, au moyen d'une analyse dite "indépendante de saveur". On présente aussi les recherches concernant le boson de Higgs "invisible", où le boson Z se désintègre en une paire de fermions et le boson de Higgs en particules indétectables. L'utilisation de ces derniers résultats permet de contraindre les paramètres des modèles supersymétriques minimaux non-universels (sans unification de masse des jauginos).
Teyssier, Daniel Martin Jean-Paul. "Recherche du boson de Higgs standard et non-minimal à LEP2 dans l'expérience L3." Villeurbanne : Université Claude Bernard (Lyon 1), 2002. http://tel.ccsd.cnrs.fr/docs/00/04/50/30/PDF/tel-00001929.pdf.
Full textHebinger, Jeremy. "Phénoménologie des mésons B à la recherche d'un signal au-delà du modèle standard." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS260/document.
Full textOver the last decades, the loop induced decay $b o sgamma$ has attracted a considerable amount of attention due to its potential sensitivity to new physics. In the standard model, the processes $b o sgamma_{L(R)}$ and $overline{b} o overline{s}gamma_{R(L)}$ are proportional to the Wilson coefficients $C_7(C'_7)$. The decay $B o Kpipigamma$ provides via angular analysis a parity odd observable ($lambda$) and via $B-overline{B}$ mixing a CP odd observable ($S_{ho Kgamma}$) both sensitive to the ratio $C'_7/C_7approx m_s/m_b$. The main issue is that both $lambda$ and $S_{ho Kgamma}$ are accompanied by a dilution factor originating from the strong decay. This work is focused on the estimation and modelisation of those dilution factors.The transition $B o Kpipigamma$ occurs as three subsequent decays. The weak process $B o K_{res}gamma$ is followed by the strong 3-body decay of the kaonic resonance $K_{res} o Kpipi$ via three distinct intermediate states $ho K$, $K^*pi$ and $kappapi$.The observable $S_{ho Kgamma}$ is accessible with the final state $K^0pi^+pi^-gamma$, but the presence of non CP eigenstates $K^{*pm}pi^mp$ and $kappa^pmpi^mp$ induce the dilution factor $D$.To deal with this inconvenience, we derive the expression of $D$ in terms of the partial waves $ho K$, $K^*pi$ and $kappapi$ and including the koanic resonances $K_1(1270/1400), K^*(1410)$ and $K_2^*(1430)$. The partial waves can then be fitted using the final state $K^{pm}pi^{mp}pi^{pm}gamma$, where the experimental sensitivity is higher, in order the compute the dilution factor. Then we propose a new model independent method to determine $D$, which consist in extracting the dilution factor independently of $S_{ho Kgamma}$ using final states with one neutral pion such as $K^+pi^-pi^0gamma$. Exploiting existing data with $m_{Kpipi} <1.8;$GeV$/c^2$, we obtained $D=0.92pm0.17$.When considering only $K_1(1270/1400)$ and $K^*(1410)$, fitting the angular and Dalitz plot distribution allows to extract $lambda$ with an accuracy of the order of $pm 10%$ for a sample of $5.10^3$ Monte Carlo generated events. But this require a good knowledge of different quantities of importance in the strong decay such as the $K_1$ mixing angle, individual $B o K_{res}gamma$ branching ratios and relative phases. We show that some of those parameters can simultaneously fitted with $lambda$ with a loss of accuracy of just a few percent. We derive how, using only the angular distribution, one can partially cancel contribution from the strong decay and obtain a lower bound on $|lambda|$
Greggio, Elisabetta <1996>. "Langage et gestes en relation: un projet de recherche sur les questions non – standard." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/19825.
Full textPezzetti, Marco. "Standard and experimental approach for advanced controls in cryogenics." Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIE0127.
Full textThis thesis deals with the problem of modeling and control applied to some of the cryogenic plants currently used at CERN, and exploits the experience accumulated over more than ten years on the construction, deployment and operation of the LHC cryogenic installations. The first chapter introduces (i) the basics of cryogenics, such as cryogenic fluids, heat transfer theory, concepts of thermodynamics, and (ii) cryogenic test facilities and detectors at CERN. The second chapter gives an overview of the standard techniques used for system identification and control design. The third chapter presents a novel theoretical approach to modeling and control for large scale cryogenic systems, whose formulation is applied to the liquid Krypton condenser of the NA62 experiment. First, a model is derived from balance equations in the form of ordinary differential equations (ODE) describing the mass flow and the heat transfer between cryogenic fluids. The modeling phase is followed by the proposal of an advanced control strategy, the Time Delay Control, whose performances obtained in simulation are presented in comparison with those of a more traditional PID-based control loop, thus showing the improvement allowed by the new approach. The implementation of the proposed solution required a further phase of analysis in order to statistically estimate the communication time delays usually encountered during the operation of the system under control. The results of these analyses are also presented. The fourth chapter presents the programming paradigm and the software tools currently used at CERN to handle the cryogenic plants. The thesis ends with the discussion of the conclusions drawn by the theoretical and practical work presented in the previous parts, along with an overview of the new perspectives it has opened
Matei, Mihaela. "Le soin courant et le standard de soin dans l'encadrement juridique de la recherche biomédicale." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD032.
Full textA biomedical research protocol includes both medical and research interventions. Since its origins, the legal framework has ignored this evidence under the pretext that research and care are two distinct activities. That is why it is all the more essential to determine the nature and the scope of the duty of care and the standard of care used in the context of biomedical research. In parallel, there is a need to distinguish, from a regulatory perspective, this "standard of care" from any equivalent notions used in the context of usual care
Tellili, Borhan. "Recherche de particules supersymétriques dans l'expérience L3 à LEP 2 au CERN." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10274.
Full textBarfuss, Anne-Fleur. "Recherche de leptoquarks de première génération dans le canal eejj avec l'expérience DØ." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX22088.pdf.
Full textAn evidence of the existence of leptoquarks (LQ) would prove the validity of some extensions of the standard model of particle physics (SM). The search for first generation leptoquarks presented in this dissertation hes been performed by analyzing a 1. 02fb [. . . ]
Lellouch, Jeremie. "Recherche du boson de Higgs standard dans le canal WH à l'expérience D0 auprès du Tevatron." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00330359.
Full textGelé, Denis. "Recherche du boson de Higgs standard par le canal e+ e- → He+ e- dans l'expérience L3." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10068.
Full textAllen, Gretchen. "Qualification de la restriction de concurrence en droit antitrust comparé : à la recherche du standard perdu." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05D015.
Full textAntitrust law, originally intended to contain the development of trusts following the industrial revolution in the United States, was for nearly a century the only system of competition law, and of limited scope: covering only cartels, abusive monopolization and anticompetitive mergers. Today, over 100 jurisdictions have adopted antitrust laws, and the scope has been widened to include other areas of competition, in which all of the anti-competitive practices covered concern restraints on competition. Even though markets are now globalized, antitrust laws remain national. In this context, restraints on competition are difficult to qualify given the ambiguity of their legal and economic definitions. The debate between standards and rules in this field is not new. However, absent international antitrust laws, it is posited that a standard qualifying restraints on competition is better adapted to the multiplicity of jurisdictions treating similar restraints. Given their longevity, the comparison of American and European antitrust laws lays the foundation enabling the formulation of the diverse standards or rules. To this end, the substance of the qualifying standard of restraint on trade is analyzed in each system: a legislative standard under the law of the United States; a "constitutional" standard, in European Union Law (Part One). Only then is it possible to address the application of these standards and to observe any modifications induced by the evolution of economic theory. This brings the author to propose a renovated standard, which integrates not only substantial law, but also clarifies the standard of proof of restraints on competition in a global context (Part Two)
Caillaud, Johann. "Le standard pratiqué : une nouvelle voie de standardisation des processus métier ouverte par une recherche-action." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090040/document.
Full textBusiness processes undergo standardization. This standardization is achieved through domination, confrontation and incorporation, means that have their origins in methods like Taylorism, reengineering or the implementation of tools such as ERP systems. Prescription and standardization of business processes, however, create problems for organizations, at the strategic, functional and operating levels. Our research attempts to uncover on one hand novel ways of standardizing processes and on the other the conditions facilitating the emergence of these new ways.Convinced that change cannot be defined any more as the imposition of an a priori model or a promulgated standard, we investigate how work practices may contribute to the creation of standards, and result in “practiced” standards. To find solutions to the problems met with current ways of standardizing, we propose a model, which places practice at the heart of a spiral of creation of organizational knowledge. Through an action research project, we analyze the effects of the implementation of this model in two different settings, namely a public banking institute and a conglomerate of national press, requiring different conditions for change.Our findings, which differ considerably from one case to the other, highlight how the “practiced” standard emerges as a novel way of standardizing. First, we notice that the “practiced” standard feeds on the promulgated standard to anchor business processes in the whole organization. Second, the emergence and the development of the “practiced” standard bring to light specific processes that operate in the organization, namely a process of sensemaking, the support of a structure of power parallel to the official one, and a process of organizational innovation
Muret, Arnaud. "La qualité en recherche : la construction d'une norme Française." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001249.
Full textDartsi, Olympia. "Recherche de la production électrofaible de paires Zγ et mesure de la section efficace différentielle de production de Zγ en association avec deux jets dans l'ATLAS expérience du LHC." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY085.
Full textThe physics subject of my thesis work, is the measurement of the cross-section of the diboson Zgamma production in association with a high mass dijetsystem. Proton-proton collision data from the ATLAS experiment at theCERN Large Hadron Collider at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV,collected in 2015 and 2016 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of36.1 fb^{-1} are analyzed. The electroweak production of Zgammajj events, provides a direct access to the nature of the electroweak symmetry breaking mechanism, by probing the quantum gauge boson couplings WWZgamma, ZZZgamma, ZZgammagamma and Zgammagammagamma. The last three are forbidden at the lowest order in the Standard Model. Any deviation from the Standard Model predictions could be a hint for new physics.Until now, the electroweak production of Zgammajj, which consist in pro-cesses with fourth-order electroweak coupling and include vector-boson scat-tering processes, has never been observed. The same Zgammajj final state canbe produced by a strongly-mediated process, with second order electroweakcoupling and second order strong coupling, resulting in a cross-section threeorder of magnitude larger than the electroweak cross-section. The Zgammajj pro-duction via electroweak and strong mechanism interfere since the initial andfinal states are the same. The understanding of this effect is an importantaspect of the analysis.In my thesis, I have studied this effect and its impact on the observationof the process and on the fiducial cross-section measurements. For this inves-tigation, after having performed the computation of the three contributions(electroweak, strong and interference) to the total cross-section using MonteCarlo simulations I have performed an optimization of the selection cuts, in order to reduce the impact of the interference, defining also a procedure onhow to account for the interference in the data analysis. The experimentalfocus of my work is the measurement of the differential cross section of theZgammajj final state as function of the invariant mass of the Zgamma system, the transverse momentum of the photon, the jet multiplicity and the invariantmass of the dijet system. Distributions sensitive to new physics are unfoldedand compared with MC expectations.All physics results rely on the reconstruction and selection of final statesconsisting of jets, electrons, muon and photons. Electrons and their identi-fication therefore play an important role in the Zgammajj analysis. This thesisreport documents also the work that I have done on the electron identification efficiency, including the implementation of an additional data drivenmethod. The results I have obtained, are used in all ATLAS analyses whosesignature contain electrons
Nitoglia, Elisa. "Gravitational-wave data analysis for standard and non-standard sources of compact binary coalescences in the third LIGO-Virgo observing run." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO10143.
Full textThis PhD thesis presents a comprehensive investigation into the detection of gravitational wave signals from compact binary mergers, with a specific focus on the analysis of data from the third observing run of the LIGO-Virgo Collaboration. The manuscript begins by providing an introduction to the fundamental principles of the theory of General Relativity, including the prediction of the existence of gravitational waves and an overview of the astrophysical sources that generate these waves. It also provides a detailed description of interferometers, the instruments used in gravitational wave observatories, and their basic functioning. Subsequently, the manuscript focuses on advanced data analysis techniques developed to extract gravitational wave signals from the detector noise. Special attention is given to the Multi-Band Template Analysis (MBTA) pipeline, which the author actively contributes to as part of the MBTA team. The functioning and methodology of the MBTA pipeline are described in detail, highlighting its role in the detection and analysis of gravitational wave signals. The manuscript then proceeds to present the results obtained from the standard analysis conducted to search for signals originating from the coalescence of binary black holes, binary neutron stars, and black hole-neutron star binaries in the data collected during the third observing run. The analysis includes a comprehensive examination of the observed signals, their properties, and the astrophysical implications of the detected mergers. Additionally, the manuscript explores the latest advancements in the search for gravitational waves emitted by sub-solar mass binaries, which involve binary systems comprising at east one object with a mass below the threshold of the mass of the Sun, providing an in-depth investigation into the methodology and results of the sub-solar mass search during the third observing run. Through this comprehensive investigation, the manuscript aims at contributing to the advancement of gravitational wave astronomy, offering a comprehensive exploration of gravitational wave research, encompassing the main achievement of the third observing run in both standard and sub-solar mass searches
Barbe, William. "Recherche de résonances se désintégrant en paire de quarks top-antitop avec l'expérience ATLAS." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC032/document.
Full textThe Standard Model of particle physics describes three of the four fundamental interactions and all of its predictions have been experimentally confirmed. However, there are still questions that the Standard Model cannot answer. Several theoretical models are being explored and some predict new resonances that would decay into a top-antitop quarks pair that could be observed by the ATLAS detector at the LHC collider.In 2026, the LHC will restart after a significant improvement phase to increase its luminosity. It's in this context that the studies on FATALIC, a chip that has been proposed for the replacement of the front-end electronics of the ATLAS hadronic tile calorimeter, were achieved. The studies showed that FATALIC was able to reconstruct the parameters of an analog signal using three gain channels and a dynamic gain switch. The simulations showed that the expected performance of FATALIC's fast channel was within the required specifications.Then, a search for new particles decaying into a top-antitop quarks pair was presented, using 36.1 fb-1 data from the proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV of the LHC for the years 2015 and 2016. This search concentrate on the semi-leptonic decay channel of the top-antitop quarks pair, where the final state has a signature with exactly one lepton, hadronic jets and missing transverse energy. The estimate of the multi-jets background noise was presented. A search in the top-antitop invariant mass spectrum was performed in the two topology resolved and boosted and the compatibility of the data with respect to the Standard Model predictions was tested. No significant deviation from the Standard Model's predictions was found and limits on benchmark models signal cross sections were set.The difficulties encountered in estimating the background noises and on the profiling of the systematic uncertainties for the 36.1 fb-1 analysis has motivated the search for a new method to perform the global background estimate. The Functional Decomposition (FD) algorithm is a new method to search for new particles in an invariant mass spectrum, separating the contribution of the background noise to those of the resonant contributions. FD has been tested to verify its performance on pseudo-data from the top-antitop and « 4t BSM » analyses. First, tests were conducted to check if FD was creating spurious signal. The first version suffered of this problem and FD was then improved to reduce the amount of spurious signal. Finally, signal injection studies were carried out and FD showed difficulties to model the signal's contribution and to separate it from the background noise for signal with widths greater than 3%
Chasserat, Julien. "Recherche de leptoquarks de troisième génération dans l’expérience CMS au LHC." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10033/document.
Full textInstalled on the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) ring, the CMS experiment (Compact Muon Solenoid) recorded a great amount of proton-proton collisions data from 2009 to 2012 at center of mass energies of 7 TeV and 8 TeV. This experiment was designed for precise measurements of the Standard Model parameters, for Higgs boson studies and to test theories beyond the standard model. Some of these theories foresee the existence of leptoquarks which are new bosons with couplings to both leptons and quarks. The first part of this thesis is dedicated to a presentation of the Standard Model and to a leptoquarks theoretical introducion. The second one briefly explains how the LHC and the CMS experiment work. The third part details the work accomplished during the first year of my thesis in the CMS generator group. Finaly, the last one deals with data analysis and the search of third generation leptoquarks pair production. Three LQ desintegration channels are investigated : to a top quark and a tau lepton, to a top quark and a neutrino and at last to a top quark and a muon. This study is based on the full integrated luminosity recorded during 2012, namely 19.7 fb. Various selections requiring at least one lepton and several jets are scrutinized in order to identify the regions with best signal efficiency regarding to Standard model backgrounds. Finally, a selection optimisation on discriminative variables is performed to extract the best 95 No significative excess with respect to Standard Model expectations was found. Thus we were able to set limits on the leptoquarks pair production cross sections. Third generation leptoquarks with masses below 320 GeV, 240 GeV and 910 GeV are excluded for the top tau, top nu and top mu channels, respectively
Calpas, Betty. "Recherche du boson de Higgs du modèle standard dans le canal ZH → e+e- bbˉ avec le détecteur DØ auprès du Tevatron." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22039/document.
Full textA search for a standard model Higgs boson in the ZH → e+e- bbˉ channel is presented using 4.2 fb-1 of data the DØ detector at the Tevatron. No excess of data have been found. A 95% CL limit on the ZH → e+e- bbˉ cross section production have been set
Zhao, Yongke. "Recherche d'une résonance lourde dans le canal X→WW→eνμν avec le détecteur ATLAS au LHC." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS103/document.
Full textA search for a heavy neutral resonance X is performed in the X→WW→eνμν decay channel using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb⁻¹, collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The resonance can be either a heavy scalar Higgs boson or other heavy resonances with different spins. Two scenarios are considered for the heavy Higgs boson hypotheses with different decay widths in both the gluon-gluon fusion and the vector boson fusion production modes, namely a narrow-width approximation and a large width assumption. Several hypotheses are used for the interpretation to search for other resonances, like two Higgs doublet models, Georgi-Machacek model, heavy vector triplet model in the quark-antiquark annihilation mode, a bulk Randall-Sundrum graviton model with a spin-2 Graviton with a curvature scale parameter of either 1 or 0.5 and a spin-2 signal in the vector-boson fusion mode. Three orthogonal event categories are defined in the analysis: two vector-boson fusion categories which are optimised for the signals produced in the vector-boson fusion mode with one jet or at least two jets and one quasi-inclusive gluon-gluon fusion category where the vector boson fusion phase spaces defined by the two vector-boson fusion categories are excluded. No significant excess of events beyond the Standard Model background prediction is found in the mass range between 200 GeV and up to 5 TeV. Upper limits are set on the product of the production cross section of the resonance and the X→WW branching fraction. For heavy Higgs boson signals, values above 6.4 pb and 1.3 pb at 200 GeV and above 0.008 pb and 0.005 pb at 4 TeV are excluded at 95% confidence level for the gluon-gluon fusion and the vector-boson fusion production modes, respectively. For signals predicted by the heavy vector triplet model, mass values below 1.3 TeV are excluded. Similarly, for signals predicted by the bulk Randall-Sundrum graviton model, mass values below 1.1 TeV and 850 GeV are excluded for the curvature scale parameter of 1 and 0.5, respectively
Jamin, David. "Recherche du boson de Higgs du Modèle Standard dans le canal de désintégration ZH → vvbb sur le collisionneyr Tevatron dans l'expérience DØ." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22078/document.
Full textIn the Standard Model of particle physics, the Higgs boson generates elementary particles mass. Current theoretical and experimental constraints leads of a Higgs boson mass between 114.4 and 158 GeV with 95% confidence level. Moreover, Tevatron has recently excluded the mass window between 100 et 109 GeV with 95% confidence level. These results gives a clear indication search Higgs boson at low mass. Dø detector is located close to Chicago, at Tevatron, proton-antiproton collider with an energy in the center of mass 1.96 TeV. the topic of this thesis is the search of Higgs boson associated to a Z boson. It is a sensitive channel to low mass Higgs boson (<135 Gev) which has a branching ratio close to 80% in this mass range. The decay channel ZH → nunubb has in the final state 2 heavy-flavor jets and missing transverse energy due to neutrinos.The heavy-flavor jets identification is done thanks a new algorithm we have developped (SLTNN) : the method is based on semi-leptonic decay of b quarks.the Higgs boson search analysis was done with 3 fb-1 of data. The use of SLTNN permits to increase by 10% of Higgs boson tagging efficiency. On the other hand, global analysis sensitivity improvement, after taking into account the backgrounds and systematic errors, is low
Zsoldos, Stephane. "Recherche d'un neutrino stérile avec l'expérience STEREO : construction du veto à muons et estimation du bruit de fond corrélé." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY047/document.
Full textThe re-evaluation of the theoretical antineutrino flux emitted by nuclear reactors revealed a deficit of about 6% between the observed flux and the expected one. This so-called reactor antineutrino anomaly has a statistical significance of 2.7σ, and one possible explanation to this deficit could be the existence of a light sterile neutrino state into which reactor antineutrino oscillate at very short distances. The STEREO project, which will be presented in this thesis, aims to find an evidence of such oscillation.The measurement will take place at only few meters (~10 m) from the compact core of the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) research reactor in Grenoble, France, which provides a large flux of electron antineutrinos with an energy range from 1 to 10 MeV. The sensitive volume of the STEREO detector is 2m3 of organic liquid scintillator doped with Gadolinium, consisting of 6 cells stacked along the direction of the core and detecting anti-neutrinos via inverse beta decay.This setup will provide excellent sensitivity to short-baseline oscillations effects by precisely measuring any relative distortion of the antineutrino spectrum as a function of both energy and baseline.Close proximity to the reactor yield a high background environment from nearby experiments that is managed through heavy shielding surrounding the detector. Many measurements campaign has been performed to characterized this background and had allowed the improvement of the passive shielding design installed on-site.Moreover, an additional detector is settled above STEREO to tag the presence of an incoming cosmic muon and define a muon veto. These muons will produce fast neutrons during their interaction through the shieldings of STEREO and these neutrons can mimick the expected antineutrino signal. Therefore it is crucial to define the most efficient and homogenous veto to these muons.It consists of a tank of 2.5m3 of water detecting muons by their Cerenkov radiation. The light emitted is collected thanks to 20 photomultipliers positionned at the top of the tank and a chemical compound is added into the water to improve the light collection on the photomultipliers.This muon veto fully covers the STEREO detector along with its shieldings.Several configurations of the muon veto system using prototypes before the final instrumental has allowed to define a trigger system which allows an excellent efficiency to cosmic muons regarding a little sensitivity to others particles. These numerous tests were also used to check and optimize the dedicated electronics builded at LPSC, which is the same for both the STEREO detector and muon veto.After characterization of the muon flux on site and with respect to the muon veto efficiency, a simulation has been developped to evaluate the rate of fake antineutrino event expected from the muon-induced fast neutrons. Thus, this result has confirmed the scientific requirements of the experience, which is the ability to probe the reactor antineutrino anomaly in 300 days of reactor data.STEREO is at the moment being comissionned and will deliver his first results at the end of 2016
Verdier, Patrice. "Recherche des squarks et des gluinos dans l'expérience DELPHI au LEP." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001426.
Full textPeez, Matti. "Recherche de déviations au Modèle Standard dans les processus de grande énergie transverse sur le collisionneur électron-proton HERA." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004412.
Full textNous avons tout d'abord participé au développement d'un nouvel environnement d'analyse orientée objet, en nous concentrant particulièrement sur la reconstruction des hadrons et des jets hadroniques. Cet environnement, qui est devenu l'outil d'analyse standard de Hl de la phase II de HERA, est mis à l'épreuve dans le cadre de notre sujet.
Les événements étudiés regroupent 24 topologies différentes pour lesquelles les spectres d'énergie transverse sont systématiquement étudiés. Un bon accord général au Modèle Standard est observé, mis à part dans quelques canaux à leptons isolés où plusieurs événements atypiques ont déjà été rapportés. La comparaison au Modèle Standard est quantifiée avec l'aide d'une méthode statistique spécifique développée pour l'occasion.
Tellili, Borhan. "Recherche de particules supersymétriques dans l'expérience L3 à LEP2 au CERN." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003514.
Full textBusato, Emmanuel. "Recherche de la production électrofaible du quark top dans le canal électron+jets dans l'expérience DØ auprès du Tevatron." Paris 7, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009641.
Full textMiconi, Florian. "Recherche du boson de Higgs standard léger dans le canal WH avec la statistique finale de l'expérience DØ au Tevatron." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00759356.
Full textEvrard, Guillaume. "La recherche des paramètres des modèles standard de la cosmologie vue comme un problème inverse : proposition d'une méthode d'inversion bayésienne." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20132.
Full textDESCHAMPS, OLIVIER. "Recherche du boson de higgs du modele standard minimal dans les etats finals hadroniques avec le detecteur aleph a lep2." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CLF21129.
Full textReyes, Gonzalez Humberto. "Au-delà de la nouvelle physique standard au LHC." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALY037.
Full textThe ATLAS and CMS collaborations has put forward an extensive program of searches for new physics, aiming to cover new physics theories as much as possible. The results of this searches are typically interpreted in the context of popular models or simplified model topologies. However, there exist a plethora of BSM theories and scenarios that are not directly covered by the experimental analyses. Thus, the importance of reinterpreting LHC searches inthe context of any BSM theory. Is within this spirit that this thesis unfolds, by considering two aspects: phenomenology of beyond vanilla new physics theories and the further development of dedicated tools.On the phenomenological aspect, we explore the collider phenomenology of a very interesting beyond vanilla theory: The Minimal Dirac Gaugino Model (MDGSSM). First, we derive current limits on the gluinos and squarks of the model. Secondly, we start by delimiting the parameter space of the MGSSM electroweakino sector where the lightest neutralino is a viable DM candidate, to then constrain the emerging scenarios on the light of SUSY and LLP searches. On the tool development aspect, we describe recent developments of the SModelS reinterpretation tool, which includes combination of signal regions, the implementation of heavy stable charge particle and R-hadron signatures and the implementation of an interactive plots maker. Furthermore, we discuss the development of a tool to determine if signal regions from different analyses arestatistically independent from each other and hence, can be trivially combined.Finally, this thesis also regards machine learning (ML) applications to HEP phenomenology. Among other examples, we present a neural network to accurately predict, with an estimated uncertainty, the production cross sections of the Inert doublet Model. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of providing uncertainties on ML predictions and provide recommendations for sharing all the material involved in the production of ML applications
Chapon, Emilien. "Recherche du boson de Higgs et de couplages de jauge quartiques anormaux dans le canal WW en électrons dans l'expérience D0 au Tevatron." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066070.
Full textTwo physics analyzes are presented in this thesis, both probing the electroweak sector of the Standard Model using events with two oppositely charged electrons and missing transverse energy. The events are selected from the full Run II data sample of 9. 7 fb-1 of proton-antiproton collisions collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider at 1. 96 TeV. The first analysis is a search for the Higgs boson in H -> WW -> evev decays. To validate the search methodology, the non-resonant WW production cross section is measured. In the Higgs boson search, no significant excess above the background expectation is observed. Upper limits on the Higgs boson production cross section are therefore derived, within the Standard Model, but also within a theoretical framework with a fourth generation of fermions, and in the context of fermiophobic Higgs boson couplings. A search for anomalous quartic gauge couplings between the photon and the W boson is then presented, using exclusive W boson pair production, allowing to probe new physics effects. The selection of the events and the analysis techniques used are mostly identical to those used in the first analysis, the search for the Higgs boson. The limits set on this type of anomalous couplings are the first ones from the Tevatron and the most stringent ones at the time of the publication
Le, Bao Tran. "Recherche de manifestations de dimensions supplémentaires dans le canal diphoton avec l'expérience ATLAS au LHC." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENY003/document.
Full textThis thesis summarizes a search for manifestations of Large Extra Dimensions (LED) using 4.91fb-1 of data collected in 2011 by the Atlas detector at the LHC collider at CERN. In 2011, the LHC has provided proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV. LED can potentially solve the so-called hierarchy problem, i.e. large apparent difference between two fundamental scales of the Standard Model (SM), the electroweak and the Planck scales. In the context of the ADD model (named after the authors N. Arkani-Hamed, S. Dimopoulos and G. Dvali) of LED, the effects of quantum gravity become much stronger than in the SM; possibly large enough to be observed at the LHC. There are two possibilities of graviton production in proton-proton collisions: direct graviton production and virtual graviton exchange. In this thesis, we present a search for the manifestation of extra dimensions via the effect of virtual graviton exchange on the di-photon final state. The di-photon invariant mass spectrum is studied and found to be in good agreement with SM background expectation. We set limits on the fundamental Planck scale of the ADD model using two different methods: a counting experiment and an analysis of the shape of the di-photon mass spectrum. The counting experiment yields limits between 2.62 and 3.92 TeV at 95% CL, depending on the number of extra dimensions and the theoretical formalism used. The shape analysis yields slightly more stringent limits: the lower limits on the fundamental Planck scale improve by a factor of 1.04
Meideck, Thomas. "Recherche de dimensions supplémentaires dans l'état final diphoton avec le détecteur ATLAS à 13 TeV." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY036/document.
Full textIn the context of particle physics, the naturalness of the Standard Model is still under discussion. In the absence of any new phenomena, the Standard Model should remain valid up to the Planck energy scale where quantum gravity plays an important role. The difference in energy between the electroweak interaction and the Planck scale is huge (17 orders of magnitude), which is known as the hierarchy problem and constitutes a naturalness issue for the Standard Model.A solution to this problem is the addition of additional space dimensions. This addition of space dimensions leads to the introduction of new particles which are graviton excitations and can decay into two photons. It might be possible toobserve graviton production at high energy colliders, especially at the LHC with the collision of proton-proton and looking at 2 photons in the final state.The diphoton analysis, with the ATLAS detector with an energy in the center of mass of 13 TeV, allows to probe a mass interval from 500 GeV to 7 TeV, where signatures of additional space dimensions, if they exist, can be studied. The main challenge of the analysis is to perform a good estimation of the SM contribution to signal. To perform this, it is necessary to discriminate true photons from misidentified jets or electronic noise. In the case of compatibility between data and the SM, this analysis allows to increase significantly the exclusion limits of the parameters of theadditional space dimensions model
Bianchini, Lorenzo. "Recherche du boson de Higgs du modèle standard dans la voie de désintégration en leptons taus avec l'expérience CMS au LHC." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00739907.
Full textBianchini, Lorenzo. "Recherche du boson de Higgs du modèle standard dans la voie de désintégration en leptons taus avec l'expérience CMS au LHC." Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EPXX0027.
Full textIn this thesis, I present my work in the CMS experiment on a search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying into a pair of tau leptons. The original goal and the final aim of this research is a contribution to the discovery of the Higgs boson at the LHC. After a summary of the theoretical framework and of the experimental apparatus, I will describe the particle-flow technique developed for the offline CMS event reconstruction. Tau reconstruction and identification in CMS are described. Particular emphasis is devoted to the discrimination between the electrons and tau leptons decaying semi-leptonically (giving hadrons and neutrinos). A crucial and challenging aspect in the search for the Higgs boson decaying into tau leptons is the reconstruction of the di-tau mass. On this subject, I have provided original contributions in the development of a new likelihood-based technique, called SVfit, which is then used for the analysis. Finally, a search for the Standard Model Higgs boson in the di-tau channel, based on 4. 9 1/fb of pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, is presented. Events are selected where one tau decays semi-leptonically and the other decays fully- leptonically into neutrinos and lighter charged leptons (electrons or muons). No significant excess over the Standard Model backgrounds is observed. The statistical interpretation of the results is then translated into 95% CL upper limits on the signal cross-section
Negri, Isabelle. "Recherche de fermions excités dans l'expérience H1 auprès du collisionneur positron-proton HERA." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001475.
Full textCette thèse décrit l'analyse des interactions à grandes impulsions transverses et l'interprétation des résultats dans le cadre de modèles composites. Ceux-ci prédisent que les fermions, considérés comme élémentaires à ce jour, sont à leur tour des états liés de constituants. L'observation de quarks ou de leptons dans un état excité serait donc un signe d'une nouvelle sous-structure de la matière.
Dans l'analyse nous avons considéré les topologies avec des leptons et/ou de l'impulsion transverse manquante dans l'état final. La sélection des événements s'est faite sur les données accumulées dans H1 de 1994 à 1997 correspondant à une luminosité intégrée d'environ 40 pb-1. Afin de réaliser cette étude, il a fallu éliminer le bruit de fond non physique constitué de muons cosmiques ou de muons de halos (produits par les interactions du faisceau de protons avec le gaz résiduel ou le tube à vide) venant polluer les données. A cet effet, on a développé des critères de sélection permettant la réjection de ce type dévénements par reconnaissance topologique.
La comparaison entre le nombre de candidats dans les données et l'estimation venant des différents bruits de fond physiques standards ne montre aucune évidence de fermions dans un état excité. Nous avons déduit des limites supérieures d'exclusion, en fonction des masses Mf des fermions excités, sur le produit de la section efficace par le taux de branchement de telles particules, ainsi que sur les caractéristiques du couplage f/Lambda suivant certaines hypothèses. Les résultats obtenus étendent les limites à de nouveaux canaux et améliorent d'un facteur 10 ceux obtenus dans une analyse précédente. Dans le cas particulier f/Lambda = 1/Mf, sont exclus à 95% de niveau de confiance les électrons excités ayant une masse comprise entre 25 et 221 GeV/c2, les neutrinos excités ayant une masse entre 50 et 112 GeV/c2 et les quarks excités ayant une masse entre 50 et 194 GeV/c2.
Vömel, Christof. "Contributions à la recherche en calcul scientifique haute performance pour les matrices creuses." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT003H.
Full textGrenier, Gérald. "Recherche de particules supersymétriques à l'aide de photons avec le détecteur L3 à LEP200." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001410.
Full textSimon, Dorian. "Recherche de Nouvelle Physique dans les événements à quatre quarks top avec le sélecteur ATLAS auprès du LHC." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22590/document.
Full textDespite its numerous success, like the recent discovery of a boson compatible with the BEH boson, the Standard Model shows some deficiences. Those lead to a search for New Physics, which may take, among others, the form of extra space dimensions. In this thesis, four-top-quarks events arising from a such model, the 2UED /RPP, are searched for. The 2UED /RPP has two universal extra space dimensions compactified under the Real Projective Plane geometry. This search uses a signature with ar least two same-sign leptons (electrons and/or muons). Two successive analyses are presented. The first one uses the first 14,3 fb-1 recorded during 2012 proton-proton collisions occurring with a collision center-of-mass referential energy of 8 TeV. In the case where both extra dimensions have the same compactification radius and where the branching ratio of A(1 ; 1) in tt is 100 %, this analysis puts a lower observed (expected) limit on mKK (main model parameter) at 0,90 TeV (0,92 TeV) with a confidence level of 95 %. The second analysis extend the first one to the full 20,3 fb-1 dataset while refining the procedures in use. An excess of data with a significance of less than 2,5 standard deviations is observed. Non of the cross-checks done shows any default which could explain the excess. The new limit is 0,96 TeV (1,05 TeV). This second analysis also allows to put limits on the model's parameters in other configurations. Finally, this document also presents the author's contribution to the first stages of the LASER II development. The LASER II is the new LASER calibration system of ATLAS's Tile Calorimeter
Bélusca, Hermès. "Recherche de nouvelle physique au LHC à partir d'une théorie des champs effective pour le boson de Higgs." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS032/document.
Full textThe discovery at the LHC of a scalar boson, the properties of which are strongly similar to the ones of the Standard Model Higgs boson, certainly indicate that the main actor of the electroweak symmetry breaking mechanism was found. However, many beyond-the-Standard Model theories predict the existence of such a similar particle coming from a richer sector. Measuring the properties of the discovered scalar will tell us whether or not it is the same particle as the one predicted by the Standard Model. To this aim we use a model-independent approach through a Higgs Effective Field Theory (EFT) framework to parametrize the deviations of its couplings to matter from the Standard Model. We focus on a Higgs EFT framework based on a dimension-6 effective Lagrangian, including both CP-even and CP-odd operators. We first attempt at putting constraints on a part of the effective Wilson coefficients relevant for Higgs physics at the LHC, using the latest Higgs rates data from the Run-I of the ATLAS and CMS experiments, as well as electroweak precision data from LEP, SLC and Tevatron. We show that the current data is able to significantly constrain CP-even and some CP-odd operators of the effective Lagrangian. We then move on to the study of possible exotic Higgs decays, that can only be generated as a consequence of the effective dimension-6 operators (generated from unknown new physics) and not from within the Standard Model alone, and derive upper bounds on those operators given the present experimental limits. Finally we analyze some of the limitations of the effective approach by comparing predictions on some Higgs processes at tree-level in EFT with respect to predictions at tree and 1-loop level on the same processes computed in a simple class of Standard Model extensions known as "Two-Higgs doublet models"
Camincher, Clément. "Calorimétrie à argon liquide et recherche de nouvelle physique via l'étude de paires de quarks top boostés dans l'expérience ATLAS au LHC." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY065/document.
Full textThe standard model of particle physics is a very predictive theory, but it still fails to explain some observations and so leads to the idea of the existence of new physics. To discover it experimentally, the ATLAS collaboration analyses the proton-proton collisions provided by the LHC.Analyses need data of good quality. Hence, the first part of this document describes a work to characterize the coherent noise bursts observed in the liquid argon calorimeters of the ATLAS experiment. Such noise has been studied and cured to ensure a high level of data quality.The second part of this thesis takes place in the context of a new physics search using top quark pairs. This study is focused on the case where boosted top quarks decay electronically. The reconstruction of top quarks in such cases was never optimized by the ATLAS collaboration. Therefore this study has lead to the definition and implementation of a new method called "electron-in-jet removal" improving significantly the top quark reconstruction in such topologies.This new method gives access to electrons that were previously removed. The correction factor applied to correct the imperfections of the simulation should then be computed for those electrons. Some preliminary measurements have been performed for the cases where the electron is within a jet. Two methods are presented as well as thoughts about future implementations
Ghodbane, Nabil. "Recherche de sélectrons et de smuons dans l'expérience DELPHI au LEP." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001412.
Full textHamel, de Monchenault Gautier. "Etude de la resolution spatiale de la tpc de delphi. Recherche du boson de higgs du modele standard minimal dans l'experience delphi." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066174.
Full textBizouard, Marie-Anne. "Recherche des bosons de Higgs neutres dans les etats finals a quatre jets avec le detecteur DELPHI." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009761.
Full textBusato, Emmanuel. "Recherche de la production électrofaible du quark top dans le canal électron+jets dans l'expérience D0 auprès du Tevatron." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009641.
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