Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Recherche en services de santé'
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Raheriarijaona, Nirina. "Recherche sur le système sanitaire malgache." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR1D009.
Full textDe, Souza Givanilda Aquino. "Faible présence de la population démunie dans les centres de santé : quelques aspects socio-économiques et culturels : une recherche participative développée au Brésil." Nancy 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN21016.
Full textSauvé, Pierre. "Incidence des relations interpersonnelles sur le transfert de connaissances dans la recherche en services de santé." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20352.
Full textVannier-Nitenberg, Christiane. "La recherche-action au service de l'examen périodique de santé senior." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978546.
Full textVannier-Nitenberg, Christiane. "La recherche-action au service de l’examen périodique de santé senior." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10190/document.
Full textThe increase of life expectancy is a major issue to face in the decades to come. A consequence of this increasing life expectancy is the emergence of chronic diseases. It is now acknowledged that individual ageing is strongly influence by biological, psychological, environmental and social variables. Prevention begins at birth and continues throughout life. It is for this reason, that a prevention consultation at certain key moments in life, such as at retirement, is strongly advised. Our doctorate work consisted of documenting the setup of periodic health examinations dedicated to seniors. This was supported by scientific proof provided by carrying out many action researches in the Health Examination centres of French Health Insurance, an approach similar to ‘Evidence Based Medicine’. The action researches were directed towards three main public health issues amongst the elderly which include falling, memory cognitive impairment and macular degeneration related to age. Each action research contributed to the establishment of this health examination for seniors. Indeed, now there is a better recognition of characteristics amongst seniors who have suffered falls thanks to the development of a tool which gives a predictive score a falling, and in turn action strategies. In addition, there is a tool to spot and identify mild cognitive impairment and screening for macular degeneration related to age through the use of telemedicine. Other health topics will need to be explored but French Health Examination Centres already position themselves as responsible decisive actors for the ageing population
Jaeger, Laura. "Nucléaire et santé : recherche sur la relation entre le droit nucléaire et le droit de la santé." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1061.
Full textThis PhD thesis deals with the relationship between nuclear law and health law. Health law is understood in its wide sense, as a legal discipline governing environmental health, i.e. the health of man in his natural and work environment. Nuclear law and health law sharing the same objective of protecting the health of man in his environment, the former is necessarily influenced by the latter. My demonstration focuses in particular on how to characterize this obvious relationship between nuclear law and health law regarding health protection as well as liability for nuclear risks. From this point of view, it opposes the symbiosis of these two fields of the law with regard to health protection against nuclear risks and their split with regard to health liability. The relationship between nuclear law and health law is indeed characterized by a perfect symbiosis regarding health protection against nuclear risk, whichever its origin; the various components of nuclear law, crystallized around the core of radiation protection, complementing one another in order to protect environmental health. However, this symbiosis gives way to a real split regarding health liability for nuclear risks; this one being marked by plural regimes which depend on the professional, medical, civil or military origin of the nuclear risk. The radiological health damage is indeed apprehended sometimes commonly by health law, sometimes specially by nuclear law
Lauzier-Jobin, François. "Recherche évaluative sur les pratiques de suivi d'intensité variable de l'équipe de santé mentale du CSSS-IUGS selon le modèle de l'évaluation réaliste." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6519.
Full textAit, Haddadene Syrine Roufaida. "Modèles et méthodes pour la gestion logistique optimisée dans le domaine des services et de la santé." Thesis, Troyes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TROY0027/document.
Full textThis work addresses the vehicle routing problem (VRP) including timing constraints: time windows (TW), synchronization (S) and precedence (P), applied in Home Health Care sector; giving the VRPTW-SP. This problem consists in establishing a daily caregivers planning to patients' homes asking for one or several services. We have started by considering the problem as a single objective case. Then, a bi-objective version of the problem is introduced. For solving the single-objective problem, a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP), two constructive heuristics, local search procedures and three local search based metaheuristics are proposed : a Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search procedure (GRASP), an Iterated Local Search (ILS) and a hybrid approach (GRASP × ILS). Regarding the bi-objective VRPTW-SP, different versions of multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, including various local research strategies are proposed: the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm version 2 (NSGAII), a generalized version of this latter with multiple restarts (MS-NSGAII) and an Iterated Local Search combined with the Non-dominated Sorting concept (NSILS). All these algorithms have been tested and validated on appropriate instances adapted from the literature. Finally, we extended the VRPTW-SP on a multi-period planning horizon and then proposed a MILP and a matheuristic approach
Barbat-Bussière, Séverine. "L'offre de soins en milieu rural : l'exemple d'une recherche appliquée à l'Auvergne." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF20006.
Full textAs such, a person's health does not constitute a field of study for the geographer, unless considered from a collective viewpoint. At such a scale, it generates multiples interrogations on its relationships to territories and space, from epidemiological and sanitary considerations to the restructuring and functional organisation of health systems. Led within the framework of an "action research" in partnership with the Assurance Maladie services (Health Insurance Services), this thesis focuses on offering medical care in the countryside of the Auvergne region. The topic of health cover in the countryside evokes various problematic from the sanitary policies to regional development and the continuity of public service. It also brings up questions for the geographer on new investigation fields, beyond a study on a simple tertiary equipment of a territory. The Auvergne example confirms that offering medical care in rural areas does not bear comparison with that of urban poles, in terms of number of professional personnel, diversity and specialization. Nevertheless, such rural zones are not necessarily dead spots in term of health. The medical care offer is stabilising to the cost of major restructuring between spaces, incluced by variuos actors : ellected personalities, Assurance Maladie, health professionals, ect. Such restructuring will be one answer to the question of renewing generations of health professionals in activity and to that of potential attractiveness of Auvergne countryside. Territorial attractiveness will play an essential part in the future relating to a favourable or not evolution of the issue
Khan, Rodela. "Contextualizing the access to health services of Bangladeshi immigrants through a social determinants of health lens : qualitative perspectives from immigrant community members and service providers in Lisbon, Boston, and Brussels." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0081.
Full textBackground: Recent studies clearly identify that immigrant communities experience specific challenges in accessing health care services, and face significant health disparities, that are impacted by underlying social determinants of health (SDH). As immigrants comprise an increasing percentage of the population in many developed nations, a better understanding and eliminating of these barriers is a major priority. Using an SDH framework, this dissertation contributes to the current research regarding access to health services among Bangladeshi immigrant populations in three international cities: Lisbon (Portugal), Brussels (Belgium), and Boston (MA-USA). In doing so, it expands upon the limited qualitative data available that concerns Bangladeshi immigrant communities living in these aforementioned research sites.Methods: This dissertation utilized a qualitative descriptive research design to comprehend issues from the perspective of both immigrant community members and service providers. The findings presented in this study, therefore, focus on data analyzed from 45 original in-depth interviews with Bangladeshi immigrant community members (n=32) and service providers (n=13) across Lisbon, Brussels, and Boston. Data was collected primarily using a semi-structured interview guide.Results: Bangladeshi immigrants living across the three research sites possess an overall holistic view of health and well-being according to results. Relevant SDH affecting health and accessing health services included pressures of acculturation and social isolation. The following were identified as some of the key community health issues and care needs: mental health and social isolation, food and dietary habits, lack of exercise, high levels of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Certain cultural values coupled with economic motivators may influence the way individuals prioritize their health. For example, the obligation towards family that is deeply embedded in Bangladeshi culture often translated to feelings of economic pressure by immigrants working abroad and manifested as chronic stress and a work-life imbalance. Communication and language barriers emerged as the most prominent issue of engagement between Bangladeshi immigrants and service providers. Finally, the type and context of immigration played in important role in health service utilization by Bangladeshi immigrants: a transitory outlook on their current location such as in Lisbon and Brussels, as opposed to a more permanent outlook in Boston, appeared to influence the active uptake of continuous health care.Conclusion: Individual health priorities, immigration status, and family circumstances affected how Bangladeshi community members accessed and utilized health services at each research site. Although social networks in Bangladeshi communities abroad were strong, not all individuals were necessarily connected with their fellow community members. This underlines the need to initiate engagement and outreach to immigrant individuals who may fall outside of the protection of social capital in their community. This dissertation has established a profile of social determinants impacting access to health services for Bangladeshi immigrant communities, with the purposes of informing professionals working within this population. As such, results will be shared with participants and stakeholders at each of the study sites in order to strengthen the understanding of and resources available to Bangladeshi immigrant communities
Morneau, Dominique. "Auto-évaluation par les gestionnaires de l'impact du codéveloppement sur l'acquisition de compétences de gestion." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6471.
Full textSylvain, Chantal. "Modes d'organisation de la prise en charge des patients avec un premier épisode psychotique dans les hôpitaux montréalais." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3863.
Full textGaboriau-Tabary, Marine. "L'État et la procréation : recherche sur l'émergence d'un service public de l'assistance médicale à la procréation." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0024.
Full textAssisted reproductive technologies are currently one of the privileged places of the confrontation between public and private interests. While the issues of procreation are of direct interest to the State, both in its social and demographic aspects, the opening of the conditions of ART points up more than ever before the individual dimension of the right to procreate. However, to admit the existence of a right to dispose of one's body in terms of procreation necessarily leads to the recognition of ART as an alternative method of procreation, alongside natural reproduction, to the benefits of persons excluded from this biological process of generation. Here lies the difficulty for a State which apprehends the subject essentially through its biological existence, especially since the adoption of bioethics laws. The biology base of the law, from which the development of a bioethics law results, has led to a phenomenon of medicalization of procreation and more specifically to a medicalization of infertility and assisted reproductive technology, presented as its remedy. The « biopouvoir », thus passing from the hands of the State to those of the medical profession, raises the question of the opportunity to see emerge a public service of ART. Based on the obsolescence of the medical criterion of ART and on the affirmation of a subjective right to procreate, such a public service consecrates the existence of a positive right to procreate, alongside a negative one, already recognized
Hammami, Hajer. "Modélisation des déterminants des activités de transfert de connaissances : une approche centrée sur les courtiers de connaissances œuvrant dans les organisations de santé au Canada." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23462.
Full textNous constatons que l'interaction sociale et la culture organisationnelle sont les seules variables qui ont exercé un impact significatif et positif sur l'ensemble des six activités de transfert de connaissances. Pour ce qui est des dimensions du climat organisationnel, les différents lieux d'affiliation, la capacité cognitive, et le statut, leurs effets significatifs ainsi que leurs ampleurs varient d'une activité de transfert à l'autre. Les résultats des analyses des équations structurelles font ressortir deux principaux constats : le premier, relatif aux variables exerçant des effets directs sur les activités de transfert de connaissances qui sont le climat organisationnel, l'interaction sociale, les lieux d'affiliation, la capacité cognitive; le deuxième, relatif aux variables entraînant des effets indirects sur les activités de transfert de connaissances. Ces effets indirects retracés se manifestent via les variables médiatrices telles que le climat organisationnel et l'interaction sociale. L'identification de tous ces déterminants a permis de proposer des leviers d'actions pouvant soutenir les activités de transfert de connaissances réalisées par les courtiers et d'évaluer les effets qu'ils ont sur les processus décisionnels au sein des organisations de santé.
Michel, Morgane. "Influence de la précarité sur l'efficience de la prise en charge hospitalière en pédiatrie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UNIP5231.
Full textBackground: Many studies in adult patients have found that deprivation is associated with a significant increase in length of stay (LOS) and costs for hospital admissions. In health care systems where hospital tariffs are based on mean national LOS, deprived patients may prevent hospitals from reaching this efficiency standard, in particular in the case of paediatric patients as clinicians could be reluctant to discharge them if there are issues with their living environment. This may in turn negatively impact hospitals’ financial balance. Objectives: To study the association of deprivation and hospital efficiency, and of deprivation and hospitals’ financial balance in hospitals with a paediatric in-patient population. Method: An observational study using hospital discharge databases was carried out for the years 2012-2014. All neonatal (before 28 days of age) and paediatric admissions in maternity hospitals and/or hospitals with at least one paediatric department located in mainland France were included and analysed separately. Deprivation was assessed through an ecological indicator at the postcode level, the FDep, divided into national quintiles. Efficiency endpoints included the ratio of a patient’s LOS with: 1/ the mean national paediatric LOS, 2/ the mean national LOS of the root of their diagnosis-related group (DRG), 3/ the mean national LOS of their DRG, and 4/ the mean LOS of their DRG in the national hospital cost study. Indicators of financial balance at the admission level included production costs, revenues, and the ratio of the two. At the hospital level, financial balance was assessed by aggregating the difference between revenues and costs for all admissions in a given hospital. Health outcomes were also included in the analysis. Endpoints were calculated for each FDep quintile, and multivariable regression models looked at the association between deprivation and the different endpoints after adjusting on patient characteristics as well as on the characteristics of the hospital and the environment. Results: 4,121,187 paediatric admissions and 2,149,454 admissions for a birth were included in the analysis. In paediatric patients, there was a significant increase in LOS compared to mean national LOS all along the social gradient. Deprivation was also associated with increased production costs, not fully compensated by increased revenues. In addition, health outcomes were worse in the most deprived patients, who were at increased risk of in-hospital mortality and readmissions within 15 days of discharge. In new-borns, the association between deprivation and LOS was not as strong, and increased production costs were compensated by increased revenues. However, health outcomes were still worse in deprived patients. At the hospital level, the case-mix of deprived patients was associated with its financial balance or with the probability that it would be in deficit. Conclusion: A reform of how deprivation is accounted for in hospitals’ payment methods should be considered, and DRG dedicated to paediatric populations should become the norm rather than the exception. Further analyses are required to determine how tariffs should be adjusted. Interventions aimed at tackling poorer health outcomes in more deprived paediatric patients should also be developed to reduce social health inequalities
Ferrera-Tourenc, Virginie. "Démarche qualité en biologie et transfusion sanguine : fondements théoriques, approches expérimentales et pragmatiques pour une construction technique et managériale." Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/1999AIX20669.pdf.
Full textFoley, Véronique. "Évaluation du projet de prévention du passage à l'injection de drogue en Estrie : évaluation, innovation et concertation." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25950.
Full textLompo, Miaba Louise. "Le comportement de recherche d’information en santé sexuelle et reproductive via Internet chez les adolescent-e-s de 15 à 19 ans au Burkina Faso." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70307.
Full textThis thesis investigates the determinants of online information seeking about sexual and reproductive health (SRH) among adolescents aged 15-19 years in Burkina Faso by focusing on two health issues: unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections (STBBIs). Theoretically, the study is built on an integrative framework. This model combines variables from the planned behaviour theory, the interpersonal behaviour theory and the risk information search and processing model. It is used to explain the intention to seek information on unwanted pregnancy and STBBIs via the online among these adolescents. The study began with an initial methodological phase that enabled us to (i) identify adolescents' modal salient beliefs (ii) evaluate the questionnaires' comprehensibility and (iii) check its psychometric qualities. The final questionnaires were created based on adjustments made during this first phase. The second phase, which is the main study, collected information on factors affecting adolescents' online information seeking on unwanted pregnancies and STBBIs. A total of 730 adolescents were surveyed, 363 completing the questionnaire on unwanted pregnancy and 367 completing the one on STBBIs. To identify the determinants of adolescents' intention to seek online information on unwanted pregnancies and STBBIs, several multivariate logistic analysis models were estimated, stratifying by sex and by the SRH issue (unwanted pregnancies and STBBIs). The results from these estimations suggest that the determinants of the intention to seek SRH information online differ by sex and by SRH issue. Regarding the intention to seek information on unwanted pregnancies online, the explained variance of the final model is 38% for boys and 37.90% for girls. For boys, the main determinants of intention to seek information about unwanted pregnancies online are cognitive attitude (OR = 4.6; CI95%: 1.70 - 12.21), past behaviour (OR = 5.5; CI95%: 1.93 - 15.85) and subjective norm (OR = 3.2; CI95%: 1.34 - 7.43). For girls, cognitive attitude (OR = 23.3; 95% CI: 2.40 - 32.68) appears to be the main determinant of intention. Regarding the intention to seek information on STBBIs online, the explained variance of the final model is 40.17% for boys and 33.28% for girls. For boys, the main determinants of the intention to seek information on STBBIs online were cognitive attitude (OR = 6.8; CI95%: 2.13 - 21.46), affective attitude (OR = 3.6; CI95%: 1.42 - 9.14) and past behaviour (OR = 3.3; CI95%: 1.19 - 9.10). For girls, only statistical relationships were observed in the predictive models of intention to seek information about STBBIs online. In light of these results, communication strategies in Burkina Faso aiming to enhance adolescents' online information seeking about SRH should be adjusted to incorporate these determinants. While the results of this thesis support possible actions in health communication, improving adolescent SRH in Burkina Faso will require a more comprehensive and global public health approach
Angoulvant, François. "Evaluation et amélioration de l'usage des antibiotiques aux urgences pédiatriques." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077212.
Full textAntibiotics are frequently prescribed in pediatric emergencies department, most often for acute respiratory infections. Faced with the growing problem of resistance to antibiotics, the evaluation and improvement of the antibiotic prescriptions is crucial. Indicators of antibiotic consumption in hospital and in in ambulatory settings existed for a long time. However, despite the weight of antibiotics' prescriptions in pediatric emergencies department, few studies were conducted in these settings. This Doctoral work was designed to evaluate and improve the use of antibiotics in pediatric emergency department. Our first objective was to develop indicators and tools relevant to assess qualitatively and quantitatively antibiotics' prescriptions in pediatric emergencies department. We have shown that simple indicators, such as the percentage of patients with acute respiratory infection treated by antibiotics, were useful to monitor the evolution of the antibiotic prescriptions during interventions to improve them. The methodology is based on the automated extraction of data from the medical record to collect hundreds of thousands cases in several sites. The second issue was the education of patients and familles to the proper use of antibiotics in pediatric emergencies department. We performed a randomized, controlled blind trial in which 300 children have been included. We have showri an improvement in satisfaction and knowledge about the proper use of antibiotics after a therapeutic education on this topic versus a control intervention
Meyer, Mireille. "Normes et pouvoirs : approche de l'édification d'une démocratie "en santé", l'exemple des stagiaires en insertion sicioprofessionnelle." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG004/document.
Full textFormer school drop-out person, reconverted in multidisciplinarity and directed towards transdisciplinarity, the researcher seizes the healthcare defined by Canguilhem as « exceeding the norm ». She invites young people to express it in their socio-professional integration process. It is all the more necessary that they come up against a « normative densification » (Thieberge, 2014), a source of marginalization and health inequality compromising the« living together". This situation leads to question Moscovici about the « transition from a majority era to a minority era ». In this sense, the life story of the trainees, victims of exclusion, opens the way to the novelty, to unusual. Inviting to venture into a « multiplelives » that reflects on the « care », resilience and the process of normalization, they prefer the relationships in everything in a Bachelardian spirit of relativity and inclusion conducive to the edification of a « healthy » democracy (Hirsch, 2016)
Frachette, Marc. "Le pilotage médico-pharmaceutique : vers une plus grande légitimité de la pharmacie hospitalière par la coopération avec les services cliniques : cas de recherches-interventions en hôpital public." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30035/document.
Full textThe right to health is a universal right of peoples, internationally acknowledged by the World Health Organization and , in France, by the Code of Public Health. But, the evolution of demography and epidemiology explains the will to rationalize public policies and to master the costs of health systems. Hospitals, centuries old institutions, have always tried to adapt their organizations to meet the health needs of populations ; they occupy central places in health systems and their pharmacies play key roles in the good management of medicines, in partnership with clinical services.The literature of management sciences provides precious reading grids to shed light on the running of hospitals. The socio-economic theory provides a way of dealing with organization misgovernments and an integrated management approach. The theories of cooperation and legitimacy in organizations supplement the academic concepts summoned up in favour of the recognition and the efficiency of pharmacies inside hospitals.The research of fields of observation was guided by an epistemiological posture and a methodogical choice; intervention-research favoured a global approach of those fields, made the integration of other management tools easier and took part in the strengthening of the medico-pharmarceutic process via various actions taken with pharmacy service actors aimed at medicine users.This work provided help to bring to the fore “cooperation-legitimacy” couples and to make possible a better identification of zones of cooperation and legitimacy at the same time traditional, functional, relational and involving decisions as well , in hospital pharmacies with the interested parties
Somme, Dominique. "Filières de soins, intégration, gestion de cas et maintien de l'autonomie des personnes âgées." Reims, 2008. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000740.pdf.
Full textThe French health and services system for elderly people losing their autonomy is characterised by a significant number of players. This causes difficulties for people to find the help they need in this fragmented system. We studied two conquences of this fragmentation: the inappropriate use of the hospital, and the non-observance of the fundamental human right ob being involved during institutionalization. Our results highlight the importance of reasoning from people's homes and with the integration of all healthcare facilities. We are also providing methodological reflection on the helath channels research that allow caregivers to understand these phenomena. The finding of inadequacy of the health care system and help create a situation of tension that leads to innovation. The model PRISMA, by its previous experimentations, its proven efficacy in Quebec and its demonstrated flexibility offers the opportunity to study the establishment of a model of integration in France. The study of organizational changes and practices currently under way will identify factors changing the system towards integration. However, the very meaning of integration is that the person receives "good service at the right time or the right place by the right person at the lowest cost in human and social development". This objective requires a case manager, from a new professional field. We analyzed in depth in Quebec one of their professional practice: the individualized service plan in order to clarify the concept, the rules of drafting and properties of the tool
Makhloufi, Khaled. "Towards universal health coverage in Tunisia : theoretical analysis and empirical tests." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0025/document.
Full textThis thesis explores, in a four paper format, the possibility of extending social health insurance (SHI) schemes towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in presence of structural economic obstacles.The average treatment effects of two insurance schemes, MHI and MAS, on the utilization of outpatient and inpatient healthcare are estimated. The current Tunisian SHI schemes, despite improving utilization of healthcare services, are nevertheless incapable of achieving effective coverage of the whole population for needed services. Attaining the latter goal requires a strategy that targets the “trees” not the “forest”.Chapter two gets around major challenges to extending health insurance coverage and proposes an original approach by targeting informal workers and unemployed. A cross-sectional Contingent valuation (CV) study was carried out in Tunisia dealing with willingness-to-join and pay for two mandatory health and pension insurance schemes.Results support the hypotheses that the proposition of a voluntary affiliation to mandatory insurance schemes can be accepted by the majority of non-covered and that the WTP stated are substantial.Finally in chapter three we focus on methodological aspects that influence the value of the WTP. Our empirical results show that the voluntary affiliation to the formal health insurance scheme could be a step towards achieving UHC in Tunisia. Overall, we highlight the importance of taking into account protest positions for the evaluation of progress towards UHC
Mpanya, Kabeya Alain. "Facteurs socioculturels et contrôle de la trypanosomiase humaine africaine en République démocratique du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209041.
Full textLa Trypanosomiase Humaine Africaine (THA) appelée également « maladie du sommeil» est une maladie parasitaire provoquée par un protozoaire du genre Trypanosoma dont deux sous-espèces (T. brucei gambiense et T. brucei rhodesiense) sont pathogènes à l’homme. La stratégie de lutte contre cette maladie est essentiellement basée sur le dépistage précoce et le traitement des malades, complété avec le contrôle du vecteur. Cependant, l’utilisation du service de dépistage de la THA par les communautés exposées représente un défi majeur. L’adhésion aux campagnes de dépistage actif avec des équipes mobiles spécialisées était en-dessous de 50% dans certains villages endémiques fin des années nonante. De surcroît, l’utilisation des services de santé fixes en RDC est si faible que ceci compromet le dépistage passif dans les formations sanitaires fixes. Notre hypothèse est que cette faible utilisation des services de santé pourrait elle-même être due à un problème d’acceptabilité du dépistage et traitement de la THA par les communautés vivant dans les zones de transmission de la THA. Tout ceci compromet l’élimination de la THA comme problème de santé publique, un but que s’est fixé la communauté internationale d’ici 2020.
Ce travail a comme objectif d’explorer cette dimension socioculturelle de la maladie qui est souvent négligée dans le contrôle de la THA et générer une meilleure connaissance de ces aspects.
Nous avons réalisé cinq études en total pour adresser la question de la sous-utilisation des services de dépistage et traitement de la THA par les communautés et sa relation avec l’acceptabilité des services. Nous avons d’abord développé une première étude qui évalue les résultats du traitement de la THA en analysant rétrospectivement les données de routine du programme de contrôle de la THA pour l’année 2006 à 2008. Ensuite, nous avons réalisé trois études qualitatives par focus group (groupe focalisé) et entretiens individuels pour documenter la dimension socioculturelle de la lutte contre la THA. D’abord une étude qui a exploré les perceptions sur la THA dans la communauté, suivi par une étude qui explore les perceptions sur le traitement de la THA et une autre qui se concentre sur les pratiques diagnostics des professionnels de santé face à un syndrome neurologique en contexte de ressources limitées.
Une cinquième étude combine une enquête-ménage avec des focus groups et des entretiens individuels pour explorer les perceptions de la communauté sur la santé en général et les services de santé.
Nous avons comparé les obstacles à l’utilisation des services de dépistage et traitement de la THA identifiés dans ce travail avec les messages de sensibilisation sur la THA utilisés au programme de contrôle de la THA en RDC et nous avons développé des recommandations stratégiques.
L’évaluation des indicateurs de performances sur l’issue de traitement montre que le taux de suivi post-thérapeutique est faible dans son ensemble :25 % pour le premier suivi de six mois et moins d’un pourcent des patients revient pour la dernière visite de contrôle au mois 24. Nous avons aussi observé dans cette étude un taux d’échec au mélarsoprol et à la pentamidine respectivement de 30% et de 22 % au Kasaï Oriental qui sont cependant difficilement interprétables, car le dénominateur est incomplet. Comme très peu de patients reviennent au contrôle post-thérapeutique, cette proportion est probablement biaisée vers ceux qui sont en échec de traitement.
L’étude de perception de la THA montre que la maladie est bien connue dans les communautés vivant dans les zones à risque. Par contre, plusieurs obstacles au dépistage et traitement de la THA ont été identifiés. Les plus importants sont :la toxicité des médicaments de la THA, les obstacles financiers, l’inadéquation entre le programme de dépistage des équipes mobiles et les occupations des communautés, les interdits qui accompagnent le traitement de la THA, le manque de confidentialité et la peur de la ponction lombaire.
L’étude sur la perception du traitement de la THA a montré que le mélarsoprol est perçu comme un médicament toxique et est surnommé « médicament des interdits ». Par contre, le régime NECT est perçu comme un nouveau médicament moins toxique qui a rendu les interdits liés au mélarsoprol obsolètes sauf un seul, celui de ne pas avoir de rapport sexuel pendant la période de traitement et de suivi post thérapeutique qui est de 6 mois. Les interdits ont été instaurés de manière empirique par les professionnels de santé et les communautés pour mitiger les effets indésirables du mélarsoprol. Leur violation pourrait entrainer des conséquences graves et mortelles. Ces interdits sont fortement ancrés dans les croyances de la communauté et constituent aujourd’hui un obstacle au dépistage et traitement.
L’étude sur les pratiques diagnostiques des professionnels de santé en matière de syndrome neurologique en contexte de ressources limitées a montré qu’en zone rurale le diagnostic est principalement clinique. Les obstacles perçus au diagnostic de confirmation sont essentiellement d’ordre financier puisque le patient doit tout financer de sa poche. Autres obstacles évoqués sont le manque d’outils de diagnostic et la perception de la communauté qui voit le clinicien comme un devin (petit dieu) ou oracle capable de « deviner » directement la maladie sans passer par un processus diagnostique de laboratoire.
L’étude sur les perceptions de la santé et des services de santé a montré que les capacités de travailler (82%) et les capacités de se mouvoir (66%) sont les signes de bonne santé les plus perçus. 90% des responsables des ménages perçoivent positivement la santé de leur ménage. Les opinions sur le service de santé sont partagées.
Les études présentées dans ce travail ont généré des nouvelles connaissances sur la dimension socioculturelle de la THA. L’analyse des messages de sensibilisation sur la THA utilisés par le programme de contrôle de la THA en RDC en termes de comparaison avec les obstacles au dépistage et traitement de la THA identifiés dans ce travail montre que ces aspects socioculturels bien qu’étant des véritables goulots d’étranglements dans la dynamique de la lutte contre la THA ne sont pas bien ciblés par la communication sur la THA.
Les perspectives des communautés exposées au risque de la THA doivent être adressées par un dialogue continu entre professionnels de santé et communautés adapté aux réalités locales. Ainsi il sera possible d’améliorer de manière opérationnelle les stratégies d’information, éducation et communication, et de façon plus large, le dépistage et traitement de la THA en intégrant la dimension socioculturelle de la THA dans la politique de lutte contre la THA.
SUMMARY
Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as “sleeping sickness” is a parasitic disease caused by protozoa of the species Trypanosoma. There are two types that infect humans, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. The strategy used to control sleeping sickness consists of early case detection and treatment of patients, together with vector control. Meanwhile, utilization/access to HAT screening by the affected communities remains a major challenge. Adherence to active screening programs with mobile units was below 50% in certain endemic villages end of the 90’s. Moreover, utilization of fixed health facilities in DRC is so low that it compromises passive case finding. Our hypothesis is that this low utilization of health services is caused by a problem of acceptance of case detection and treatment of HAT by the communities living in the HAT transmission zones. This compromises the target of the international community to eliminate HAT as a public health problem by 2020. This thesis wants to explore and tries to generate more knowledge on the socio-cultural aspect that is often neglected in the control of HAT.
We conducted five studies to address the lack of community participation in HAT screening and treatment activities and the relation with acceptance of these services.
The first study evaluated the results of HAT treatment by retrospectively analyzing data of the routine HAT control program for the period 2006-2008.
Afterwards we performed three qualitative studies consisting of focus group discussions and individual interviews to document the socio-cultural dimension of the fight against HAT. The first study explored the community perceptions regarding sleeping sickness. The second study explored the perceptions regarding HAT treatment and a third study focused on diagnostic practices of health professionals in low-resource settings facing a neurological syndrome.
The fifth study consists of a household survey, focus group discussions and individual interviews to explore community perception regarding health in general and health services. We compared the identified barriers to screening and treatment of HAT with awareness messages on sleeping sickness used by the HAT control program in DRC and we developed strategic recommendations. The evaluation of performance indicators for treatment showed that compliance with post-treatment follow-up is very poor: 25% for the first post-treatment follow-up examination at six months and less than 1% of the patients returns for the final examination at 24 months. In this study we also observed a treatment failure rate of respectively 30% and 22% for melarsoprol and pentamidine in Kasai-Oriental. However, these date are difficult to interpret because of an incomplete denominator. As only few patients return for follow-up visits, this proportion is probably biased towards those in treatment failure.
The study on the perception of sleeping sickness shows that the disease is well known amongst the communities living in the endemic areas. However, several screening and treatment barriers were identified. The most important are: drug toxicity, financial barriers, the incompatibility between the itineraries of the mobile screening teams and the local communities’ activities, the prohibitions related to HAT treatment, lack of confidentiality and fear of lumbar punctures. The study on the perceptions regarding HAT treatment show that melarsoprol is perceived as a toxic drug and is nicknamed the ‘taboo drug’. On the other hand the NECT regime is perceived as the new drug that is less toxic and that has abolished all the taboos of melarsoprol with the important exception of sexual intercourse during the treatment period and the post-treatment follow-up period of six months.
The prohibitions have been established empirically by healthcare providers and communities to mitigate the side effects of the melarsoprol regimen. Violating these restrictions is believed to cause severe and sometimes mortal complications. Communities adhere strictly to these prohibitions and this constitutes a barrier for HAT screening and treatment.
The study focusing on diagnostic work-up of neurological syndromes in low-resource settings by health care providers has shown that in rural areas diagnosis is usually clinical. Barriers to confirmation of diagnosis are mainly related to the purchasing power of the patient. Other reported barriers are a lack of diagnostic tools and the communities’ perceptions associated with the care provider. Clinicians are perceived as diviners being able to directly identify the cause of the illness without using laboratory tests. The study regarding the perceptions on health and health services has shown that ability to work (82%) and ability to move (66%) are the most perceived signs of good health. 90% of the household responsibles positively perceive the health of their family. The opinions on the health services are divided.
The studies presented in this thesis have generated new insights on the socio-cultural dimension of HAT. The analysis of the awareness messages on HAT in DRC compared with the reported HAT screening and treatment barriers have shown that
although these sociocultural aspects are real bottlenecks in the dynamic of the fight against HAT, they are not targeted by the communication on HAT.
The prospects for communities at risk of HAT should be addressed through continuous dialogue between health professionals and communities adapted to local realities.
It will thus be possible to operationally improve the information strategies, education and communication, and more broadly, screening and treatment of HAT by integrating the socio-cultural dimension in the fighting policy against sleeping sickness.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Rocque, Rhea. "La communication patient-médecin lors de consultations médicales : une recherche qualitative explorant les expériences des patients provenant de divers groupes ethniques et ethnolinguistiques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37606.
Full textCes expériences participatives peuvent être classées selon deux dimensions clés, soit la dimension de participation sous forme d’échange d’information (p.ex., poser des questions) et la participation sous forme d’affirmation (p.ex., exprimer son point de vue). Pour chacune de ces dimensions, les patients discutent également de deux types de participation. Lorsque le patient initie cette participation, il s’agit de participation proactive, tandis que lorsque le médecin invite le patient à participer, il s’agit de participation réactive. Les patients discutent également d’expériences non-participatives, quoique ces expériences sont plus rares. En ce qui a trait aux particularités ethniques et ethnolinguistiques, ces minorités discutent moins fréquemment d’expériences participatives et attribuent ces difficultés de participation à des facteurs linguistiques, tels que la barrière linguistique et à leur identité ethnolinguistique. En conclusion, les minorités ethniques et ethnolinguistiques semblent faire face à des barrières additionnelles qui peuvent poser entrave à une bonne communication et à une participation active en consultation. Il importe de s’intéresser à ces barrières additionnelles, car il se peut que celles-ci expliquent, en partie, les inégalités de santé affectant ces groupes minoritaires. Un Modèle contextualisé de la participation des patients est présenté et discuté, afin de contextualiser les expériences des patients.
Physician-patient communication is a central element in care and a good communication is linked to several health benefits for the patient. However, communication difficulties persist in medical encounters and these difficulties are more present in consultations with ethnic and ethnolinguistic minorities. Previous literature on physician-patient communication present some limitations that restrict our understanding of communication difficulties. In order to improve care, patients’ experiences of this communication must be understood. The first article inserted in this doctoral dissertation consists of a systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative studies exploring patients’ experiences of communication with primary care physicians. Three concepts emerged from analyses: negative experiences, positive experiences and outcomes of communication. Most studies in this review did not explore ethnic and ethnolinguistic aspects, but the few studies which did show that ethnic and ethnolinguistic minorities face additional barriers that exert mainly a negative influence on patients’ experiences of communication, namely, language barriers and discrimination. This review illustrates the pertinence of exploring patients’ experiences, with different ethnic and ethnolinguistic backgrounds, with qualitative methods, in order to gain a deep understanding of their perspective. Ensuing from this observation, the doctoral study was developed to explore in detail patients’ experiences of communication. During the interviews, it became apparent that patient participation was a central theme to describe patients’ experiences of communication with physicians. Since an inductive approach was chosen, the emerging objective of this study was to explore patients’ experiences of participation in the medical consultation with physicians. Moreover, we aimed to explore nuances in these experiences of participation according to patients’ ethnic and ethnolinguistic background. Findings show that patient participation is a central theme to describe experiences of communication. Five themes emerged in response to the first objective and these themes are organized in two key dimensions: a) participation in terms of information exchange and b) participation in terms of assertiveness. Across these themes, two types of participation emerged: proactive participation (i.e. patient initiated) and responsive participation (i.e. physician initiated). Patients also discussed experiences of non-participation; however, these were less common. Ethnolinguistic minorities discussed less participative experiences and attributed these difficulties to language barriers and to their ethnolinguistic identity. In conclusion, ethnic and ethnolinguistic minorities seem to face additional barriers which exert mostly a negative influence on their experiences of communication and participation. In turn, these difficulties may engender negative consequences for the patients’ health, thus partly explaining health inequities affecting these minority groups. A contextual model of patient participation is presented and discussed to contextualize patients’ experiences of communication and participation.
Fredj, Claire. "Médecins en campagne, médecine des lointains : le service de santé des armées en campagne dans les expéditions lointaines du Second Empire (Crimée, Chine-Cochinchine, Mexique)." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0127.
Full textThe dual nature of army doctors leads us to enquire into this profession as well as the scientific knowledge it engenders within the specific context of military campaigns of the French Second Empire, when both Army and Navy operate on very different grounds getting further and further away. Juxtaposing military history, history of medicine and the history of ideas, this research is done in the context of the relations between war and medicine and between extra-European and colonial medicines, not from a colonial history point of view, as -with the exception of Cochinchina -such expeditions were not planned as permanent features. How do French military medical doctors use their scientific knowledge to deal with a "medical unknown" and how their work was affected by local conditions in the dangerous context of military operations, thousands of miles away from their administrative HQ? The study of several such operations leads us to question the impact of the "here and know" campaign both on the formation of a professional team and on the acquisition of new scientific knowledge especially in the field of epidemiology. In what measure does the specification of a given terrain contribute to a totally new profession and where does this new profession fit in when it is by definition geographically periphery to metropolitan France in the same way that it is in the margins of the scientific standards of the time? How does it inform French medical knowledge in the 19th century? Because they operate within a specific military context, the work of medical officers is done within a written-word system, which gives them an identity as a professional, political and scientific group. Because they are both officers and medical doctors, their social-profession al group is often characterised in the outside world by social and intellectual mediocrity, something which should be qualified. Dispatched to far-away lands they contribute to the setting up of healthcare structures where they can administer medical care. The expertise gained away from home in contact with varied populations enables them to contribute in a very unique way to the advancing of medical science and, later, to earn the recognition of their profession by the medical establishment
Janvier, Céline. "Recherche d'indicateurs de la santé des sols." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003443.
Full textJover, André-Franck. "Les métamorphoses des services de santé au travail - entre santé au travail et santé publique." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020011.
Full textHealth and security at work, occupational risk prevention (road risk, psychosocial risks), intensification of labor conditions… A number of questions that the enterprise has to take into account. Answering them assumes a variety of points of view and skills. Occupational health services, that have the exclusive mission to prevent any worker health alteration occurring from their work, contribute to this debate. Due to their unique position, as a field actor, they should be the master piece of the occupational health system ; these services are, however, victim of a collective disaffection. The delicate combination of the “medical fitness for work” concept and the occupational risk prevention concept contributes to this disaffection. Since 1942, the institution has seen deep metamorphoses, a number of them appearing from the combination (sometimes being a cause for tension) of the labor law and the public health law. After the Liberation, the incorporation of the institution to the Ministry of Labor, sealed a long domination of the Labor law. The growing power of the Public Health has been jeopardizing progressively this domination. The reform dated 20th July 2011 illustrates this change of balance. The analysis of the links between the Labor Law and the Public Health Law suggests to propose a new paradigm for the sake of the workers’ health, based upon the idea – which is also a fact – that the occupational health service cannot be compared to other providers : this service contributes to the general interest
Simic, Vanessa. "Comment alimenter la recherche? : le financement de la recherche en santé des populations par l'industrie agroalimentaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27408.
Full textThis exploratory study examines perceptions of various Quebec actors on population health research funding by the food industry in Quebec to establish whether this practice is considered socially and ethically acceptable in the current context. In addition, participants were asked about their perceptions on the acceptability of industry-funded scientists on advisory committees to the government. Semi-structured individual interviews were undertaken with 14 stakeholders involved in this issue, who are employed in the academic sector, the public sector, the food industry, non-profit organizations and the media. Even without consensuses on the various research questions, it can be concluded that research collaborations with the food industry can be acceptable, but that they must absolutely be accompanied by rigorous mechanisms and ethical conduct of the involved parties. This study allows for a better understanding of the factors that come into play to determine the social acceptability of the practice. These factors are the context, the interests of involved stakeholders, the ethical issues related to collaborations, the variation in the acceptability of different collaborative approaches, the variation in the acceptability of collaborating with certain members of the food industry as opposed to others, differences in the theoretical and practical application of these collaborations and the notion of manipulation by the food industry. In addition, it refers to a series of ethically acceptable collaborative approaches, and offers a list of essential values and principles for the acceptability of this practice, from an ethical standpoint. Thus, the results point to safeguards and appropriate protections that would render the collaborations socially and ethically acceptable. Acceptable collaborations include the establishment of pooling funds, the appointment of a third party to manage the collaborations, the involvement of ethics committees, and the development and implementation of decision-making mechanisms, protocols and agreements for acceptable collaborations.
Wu, Yaping. "Essays on health care financing and health services." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU10007.
Full textThe world spends a significant and increasing share of its resources on health care. The debates on the models of health care financing and the methods of payment for the physician continue all over the world. Nevertheless, there is still no consensus on the ideal choice of financing mechanisms. This thesis aims at contributing to the debates on the health care financing and health service policy. Chapter one examines the optimal non-linear compensation rule of physicians under pay-for-performance, fee-for-service and capitation in the presence of both adverse selection and moral hazard on the supply side. We found that when moral hazard is the only problem, fee-for-service can only lead to the substitution of treatment quantity to physician’s effort, which is inefficient. Consequently, fee-for-service payments should not be used in this case. However, when moral hazard is combined with the adverse selection issue, an efficient screening requires a continued use of fee-for-service for the lower productivity physicians and less pay-for-performance. The design of the use of fee-for-service effectively improves screening. We provide an argument for the criticism on the shortcomings of fee-for-service. More importantly, we also provide a rationale for the continued use of fee-for-service payment even though the serious problems with fee-for-service have been widely acknowledged. Chapter two analyzes the three-party contracting problem among the payer, the patient and the physician when the patient and the physician may collude to exploit mutually beneficial opportunities. Under the hypothesis that side transfer is ruled out, we analyze the mechanism design problem when the physician and the patient submit the claim to the payer through a reporting game. We also derive the optimal insurance payment scheme for the patient and the physician. The insurance payment scheme which is (weak) collusion-proof is such that it is sufficient that one of them tells the truth ; but the payer’s trade-offs are different when he chooses different manners of splitting incentives between the patient and the physician. Moreover, we show that if the payer is able to ask the two parties to report the diagnosis sequentially, the advantage of the veto power of the second agent allows the payer to achieve the first best outcome. My secondary field is Development Economics. The third chapter examines whether migration crowds out informal risk-sharing contracts and leads to less consumption insurance for households in Thai villages. For the theoretical motivation, our idea is that migration may be used as a cash-in-advance contract between the household and the child. The household invests upfront in exchange for future state-contingent remittance which changes the income process of the household. For the estimation, We use the panel from Townsend Thai Annual Surveys (1997-2010). The hypothesis of no selection bias is rejected at within village insurance market level, which supports our conjecture that migration changes the risk-sharing status of households within village. After the bias are corrected, our results show that migration crowds out informal risk-sharing within village and even leads to less consumption insurance for households in Thai villages
Jbilou, Jalila. "Adaptation des résultats de recherche : concepts et mesures." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27162/27162.pdf.
Full textLac, des Cognets Anne-Marie. "L'aide médicale urgente, à la recherche d'une organisation cohérente ?" Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090067.
Full textEmergency and aid notion has evolved with time. Almost forty years have been necessary to come toa change from circulars orders to legislation on emergency medical aid and to achieve the generalisation of the so hoped centre 15. How one cane conceive the notion of medical control in the face of so many agents who deal with emergency medical aid especially in paris?
Fraga, de Oliveira Stéphanie. "L'organisation institutionnelle de la recherche médicale publique : l'influence des liens entre établissements de santé et de recherche." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10077/document.
Full textThe organization’s of medical research is a current thematic: conference of research outcomes will indeed soon contribute to reform a part of scientific organization and Teaching. Furthermore, this theme is interesting on regard of reports which can be made on fragmentation of the organization of the scientific research, of the fact of the diversity of structures framing and organizing these activities (research legislation is an example). These reports can be transposed into the medical research, which presents however the specificity to maintain narrow links with hospitals. Thus, it is interisting to follow evolutions of medical research’s institutional organization which aimed at mitigating these difficulties, allowing however health establishements appear more and more as important actor in franch organization of medical research. Comparison with international and European situation will allow to woden these analyses
Goyet, Sophie. "Modélisation du processus d'application des connaissances entre Recherche et Santé publique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20077/document.
Full textHealth research generates a growing body of scientific literature. However this scientific production is not systematically integrated into public health. Researchers and policy makers have operations and constraints that do not naturally facilitate exchanges and knowledge translation (KT) from research into health policy. This thesis focuses on the gap between research and health policy and analyzes the determinants of success or failure of KT between research and health policies in Cambodia.The first chapter defines the KT process and reviews the scarce KT interventions reported in the literature. This review shows that KT is not a new concept, even though it remains somewhat under applied. In this chapter, we also look at the tools used to model processes and health research. We conclude that the UML (unified modeling language) appears to be the best modeling tool available to analyze the KT process.The second chapter describes a KT intervention we implemented and subsequently analyzes its impact and the determinants of its partial success, using UML tools. Most of identified barriers were related to either a lack of synchronization between the production of knowledge and the health policy making, or to some lack of mutual understanding between researchers and policymakers. Among the contributing factors, we identified the key roles of an actor who was both policymaker and researcher, and of organizations which acted as communication vectors between researchers and policymakers.The third chapter first includes the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the health research scientific production in Cambodia. It shows that even though more than 85% of articles published were accessible free of charge they do not cover all public health priorities of Cambodia. The following study identifies the main sources of information for policy makers who contributed to the preparation of the first national health policy against antibiotic resistance. We show that, as elsewhere, the scientific literature is not an appropriate medium to communicate with the Cambodian health authorities.Finally in the last chapter we integrate the various findings from previous chapters into the analysis of the determinants of KT. From this analysis we draw a generic UML model (class diagram), that we test on four research projects also conducted in Cambodia. This model may be used in Cambodia or in other countries with limited resources.We conclude that if the principles of the CA can be summarized in a few simple rules, they face many barriers when they are operationally implemented. KT is a dynamic, complex , iterative, and highly context –dependent process. A number of barriers to KT identified in Cambodia are identical to those found in the West. Among the facilitating factors for KT, we show that the connection between research institutions and national or provincial health is a major asset
Decostanzi, Arthur. "Le service public de santé de proximité." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0495.
Full textThe realization of this right is guaranteed by the intervention of public authorities, which must act in the organization of the provision of care, as well as by the existence of social security mechanisms that allow access to healthcare that is not limited by social or geographical factors. The French system is today subject to strong tensions and uncertainties: growing inequalities in access to healthcare, compartmentalization in the organization of the health system, or the ageing of the population and the development of chronic diseases. The health system must evolve around a local public health service that is the only one able to satisfy the general interest of health protection. This objective requires a better structuration and coordination of healthcare activities between the different providers serving users in order to satisfy the requirement of equal access to quality care, transversal cooperation tools are designed to break with existing silos. The implementation of such a public service requires a clear and rational management capable of take into account territorial disparities. The emergence of regional health agencies in a territorialization phenomenon must be accentuated to meet the challenges of proximity. The regulatory means implemented still have to be renewed to respond to the challenge of health protection, the capacity of self-organisation left to the initiative of liberal professionals must be transformed into collaboration with all health providers, health administrations, health insurance, local authorities and users. All these measures permit the satisfaction of the essential trilogy of public services: equality, continuity, mutability
Danan, Jeanne-Laure. "Santé, éthique et développement durable : place de la recherche en sciences infirmières." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0125.
Full textHealth systems in France and in the world are in tension. The determinants of those pressures are linked to demography, economy and care organization Chronic non-infectious diseases are on the rising. Allergic disease alone respect 25% of individuals in France (15 million people). In Europe, 100 million people suffer from allergic rhinitis and 70 million suffer from asthma. By 2020, it is 40% of the world population will be suffering from an allergic disease. The declaration of RIO, founding text of sustainable development, puts health as a major concern. It is necessary to think of new management models, new training and distribution of different skills from new business perimeters for health caregivers. The primary objective of this research is to identify: innovative models of health in a systematic multidisciplinary vision and ethics of care. .the Secondary objective is to define the concept of innovative practices in health in the French health system, clarify the regulatory framework for innovative practices, identify training needs, qualification of new businesses and new tools and finally review the adequacy of generational training for health science students. The method used is a review of the literature on sustainable development, environmental medicine, training of health professionals. The confrontation with the regulatory framework of practice nurse at the nursing of advanced nursing practices is made. The study design is the allergy disease. An online survey assessed the level of skills, training and policy of nurses in Europe. This study was conducted in collaboration with the European department of Haute Ecole de Namur, the University of Nottingham, and High School of Health of Freiburg, University of Porto, and School of Advanced Studies in Public Health in Rennes. This survey identifies five high levels of expertise that are 5 skills training according to Dublin descriptors for advanced practice nurses. A master level training program for APRN in allergy practice is developed Finally four steps of innovation were identified: management, ownership, widespread practice and absorption by the system.The results highlight that innovation is a deliberate process requiring practice by introducing new pedagogical, organizational and e-Health .Changing nurse’s diagnosis decision and support tools are highlighted. The nursing diagnosis on individual adaptation to environment is also considered. Eventually, two main recommendations are presented, firstly to develop training program according to the new French law in France, and secondly to considered the social determinants of the students in health science to make those training
Lanzini, Justine. "Recherche de biomarqueurs et études lipidomiques à travers diverses applications en santé." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB126.
Full textBiomarker was defined as "a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacological responses to therapeutic intervention". The scientific interest in biomarkers is more and more important. They allow, in particular, to better understand pathogenic processes and to diagnose, even to predict pathologies. "Omics" studies, such as lipidomics, play an essential role in the new biomarkers discovery. Lipidomics consist in exploring biological samples lipidome and in detecting pathogenic impact on this latter. Lipids are a large and important metabolite family found in all living cells. Their quantity is estimated to more than 100,000 species in mammals. They are involved, in particular, in the energy storage and the signal transduction. My PhD thesis involved carrying out lipidomics approaches with LC-MS through various health applications such as severe combined immunodeficiency associated with alopecia syndrome, infantile nystagmus syndrome and renal graft rejection. For this purpose, multivariate and univariate statistical analyses were carried out in order to detect potential lipid biomarkers
DE, CHERGE HILAIRE. "Servir et gerer dans le domaine socio - sanitaire : comment les professionnels de la prise en charge apprennent-ils a rendre des comptes ?" Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EPXX0014.
Full textRochon, Madeleine. "Vieillissement démographique, état de santé et financement des dépenses publiques de santé et de services sociaux." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0027/NQ33077.pdf.
Full textTardieu, Émilie. "Soutenir l'équité en santé dans les actions de santé publique : conditions d'utilisation d'un outil visant à la prise en compte des inégalités sociales de santé." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26465.
Full textBelharet, Mahdi. "L'estimation de la valeur statistique de la vie humaine dans le domaine de la santé : quel fondement normatif pour une estimation monétaire au sein de l'économie du bien-être ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0098.
Full textThe value of statistical life (VSL) is an economic analytical tool, which is defined as the value that a person is ready to pay (WTP) in order to reduce the risk mortality or morbidity. The advantage of such a tool is to monetarily estimate the social benefit of an investment project which is made to reduce the risk, but also to establish an arbitrage between several alternatives. Respond to the moral hazard in a context pertaining to the scarcity of resources, which is perfectly in keeping with VSL. With people’s estimation on their willingness to pay, depending on how they perceive risks and their income level, people are positioned as the sole judges as for the value of their lives. Because people freely determine the WTP depending on their personal preferences and these preferences are included in order to determine a social choice. The value of statistical life doesn’t contradict the normative framework of establishing a decision. Nonetheless, welfarism which is a source of estimating methods of VSL is directly related to utilitarianism. Eventually, the estimated value by VSL is subjective nature. In the health sector, the VSL needs to surpass the subjective framework of an estimation in order to answer the normative ethic which describes the medical practice, especially by taking personal self-sufficiency into account but also the personal notion of a good life and the universal notion of the person. Researching establishing arguments of reference value pertaining to VSL which takes on a normative framework and this is objective when it comes to our work. This theoretically requires an in-depth analysis within the economic theory of well-being
Turchetto, Eliseu Luiz. "Les hommes sans domicile fixe et leur rapport aux services de santé et services sociaux." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29546/29546.pdf.
Full textVilleval, Mélanie. "Evaluation et transférabilité des interventions de réduction des inégalités sociales de santé : un programme de recherche interventionnelle." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30233.
Full textSocial inequalities in health are particularly elevated in France. Decreasing these inequalities has been on the political agenda since 2009. However, knowledge is sparse regarding possible interventions which would contribute to their decrease. Many local-level interventions are implemented, but most often they are not described, not evaluated, nor transferred. This thesis is embedded within the field of population health intervention research. The first part of the thesis focusses on deconstructing the archetypal vision of the intervention within the field of public health, wherein it is considered to be a sequential, technical programme. A systemic approach to interventions is then described. Different levels of intervention are described, from individual health education to Health Impact Assessment (HIA), aiming at addressing social determinants of health. By relying on a critique of the randomised controlled trial, alternative evaluation approaches are detailed, based on a literature review in the field of " programme evaluation " still relatively under developed in France. The second part of the thesis is centred on the results of research on intervention transferability, based on the AAPRISS (Apprendre et Agir Pour réduire les Inégalités Sociales de Santé) programme. A description model has been developed, based on a distinction between the " key functions " of an intervention (that is standardisable and transferable key elements), and their implementation, that can vary across contexts. It has been developed from different prevention projects included within the AAPRISS programme. It relies on the hypothesis that a better description of interventions, relying on a distinction between transferable and adaptive elements, constitutes a useful step to the evaluation and potential transfer of an intervention. The model is built on a knowledge co-construction between project leaders and researchers. In the last part of the thesis, the model is applied to the AAPRISS meta-programme itself. Knowledge exchange and co-construction dynamics on which it relies are analysed. The complexity and multiplicity of the determinants of health and SIH call for revisiting existing programmes more than for the creation of a new programme to reduce SIH
Bento, Pereira Suzanne. "Indexation multi-terminologique de concepts en santé." Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUES019.
Full textInformation retrieval and decision support systems need fast and accurate access to the content of documents and efficient medical knowledge processing. Indexing (describing using keywords) enables access to knowledge and knowledge processing. In the medical domain, an increasing number of resources are available in electronic format, and there is a growing need for automatic solutions to facilitate knowledge access and indexing. The objectives of my PhD work are the implementation of an automatic multi-terminology multi-document and multi-task indexing help-system namely F-MTI (French Multi-terminology Indexer). It uses Natural Language processing methods to produce an indexing proposition for medical documents. We applied it to resources indexing in a French online health catalogue, namely CISMeF, to therapeutical data indexing for drug medication and to diagnosis and health procedures indexing for patient medical records
Renahy, Emilie. "Recherche d'information en matière de santé sur Internet : déterminants, pratiques et impact sur la santé et le recours aux soins." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066087.
Full textLizotte, Réal. "Les services sociaux courants en C.L.S.C. et la santé mentale." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9331.
Full textMshali, Haider Hasan. "Services e-santé sensibles au contexte dans les espaces intelligents." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0575/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose a new e-health monitoring system for elderly, dependent and isolated persons living alone. We provided a better understanding of the monitored person's context. We develop a context-aware framework for monitoring the person's activities of daily living (ADL) and consider the most famous scales applied in the dependency evaluation models used in the geriatric domain such as the Functional Autonomy Measurement System (SMAF). The proposed adaptive framework offers several services such as the collection of high relevant and contextual data and an evaluation of the health status (i.e. dependency level) of persons. The proposed approach allows learning the human's lifestyle regarding the achievement of the ADL and the detection of the behavioral changes that may represent a risk for the monitored person. In order get closer to real-life situations, we use a Markovian-based model built for generating long term and realistic scenarios. For the behavior detection and prediction, we propose a novel forecasting approach based on the extension of the Grey theory GM (1, 1). The performances of the proposed system are evaluated and compared to traditional monitoring approaches within different scenarios and persons' profiles. The results of our evaluations reveal an efficient monitoring that optimizes the system resources in terms of computing, energy consumption, and network. With a minimum of sensing data, our system succeeds to ensure a high accuracy regarding the evaluation of the person's dependency, behavioral patterns learning, prediction of the health condition, and the detection of abnormal situations
Villerabel, Gustave. "Le service de santé des armées." Aix-Marseille 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX32010.
Full textSévigny-Vallières, Pascale. "Les représentations graphiques des problèmes de santé mentale : une démarche de recherche-création." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30203.
Full textCintrat, Maud. "La santé de l'animal d'élevage : recherche sur l'appréhension de l'animal en droit sanitaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0481/document.
Full textStudying the animal under a legal perspective enables to highlight the issues faced by law to reflect not only its biological reality but also the evolution of its social perception. The animal disrupts the traditional legal layouts, legal categories, included when it is bred by man to achieve one of its most utilitarian goals: food. The analysis of the legislation relating to the health of the farmed animal has been designed with the intention to determine whether or not those rules aim to satisfy an “animalitarian” interest. Determining the terms under which animal health is apprehended by law has enabled to observe that, on the one hand, those rules enlarge their grip on their health and, on the other hand, the sources of those rules have been extended in order to fall within organizations with economic purpose, reflecting in fine its instrumentalization by man. In this framework, a dualism can be highlighted in the way the animal is apprehended through the legislation relating to its health. This dualism comprises the seeds of the whole ambivalence of the question of the animal in law. Caught altogether as a member of a collectivity and as an individual, the farmed animal nevertheless sees the protection of its health subject to the satisfaction of anthropocentric interests