Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Recherche de nouveauté'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Recherche de nouveauté.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Hmedeh, Zeinab. "Indexation pour la recherche par le contenu textuel de flux RSS." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968604.
Full textGuillaud, Patrick. "La créativité dans les équipes de conception de produits culturels édités : la recherche du succès entre nouveauté et formules éprouvées." Grenoble 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE39053.
Full textPelloux, Yann. "Prédispositions aux toxicomanies : influence de la recherche de nouveauté, de l'anxiété et de la dépression sur la vulnérabilité à différents agents toxicomanogènes." Rouen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ROUES043.
Full textIt is the commonly accepted that a wide variability exists in susceptibility to drug of abuse, both in human and non-human animals. Some personality trait and pathological behaviours are frequently associated with drug addiction. For example, novelty seeking is often observed in drug abuser, and anxious and depressive individuals also frequently abuse drugs. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the respective influence of these factors on the vulnerability to drug addiction. In the first phase, we compared the influence of responses to both forced and free-choice novelty within a population of Wistar rats. The reactivity to forced novelty was associated with a higher sensitivity to the rewarding effects of a low dose of amphetamine and with a lower oral consumption of amphetamine, morphine and sucrose. . In the second phase, we compared the influences of anxiety and helplessness on vulnerability to drug of abuse. In Wistar rats, anxiety was associated with greater conditioned place preference induced by high, but not low, doses of cocaine and amphetamine. In addition, anxiety was not associated with a greater consumption of a low concentration of amphetamine solutions, but anxious animals consumed less of a higher concentration of amphetamine solution than non-anxious animals Similar to anxiety, helplessness was not associated to any difference in drug sensitivity Taken together these results suggest that responses to novelty, anxiety and helplessness are associated with different aspects of vulnerability to drugs of abuse
Hmedeh, Zeinab. "Indexation pour la recherche par le contenu textuel de flux RSS." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CNAM0894.
Full textBased on a Publish/Subscribe paradigm, Web Syndication formats such as RSS have emerged as a popular means for timely delivery of frequently updated Web content. According to these formats, information publishers provide brief summaries of the content they deliver on the Web, while information consumers subscribe to a number of RSS feeds and get informed about newly published items. The goal of this thesis is to propose a notification system which scales on the Web. To deal with this issue, we should take into account the large number of users on the Web and the high publication rate of items. We propose a keyword-based index for user subscriptions to match it on the fly with incoming items. We study three indexing techniques for user subscriptions. We present analytical models to estimate memory requirements and matching time. We also conduct a thorough experimental evaluation to exhibit the impact of critical workload parameters on these structures. For subscriptions which are never notified, we adapt the indexes to support a partial matching between subscriptions and items. We integrate a diversity and novelty filtering step in our system in order to decrease the number of notified items for short subscriptions. This filtering is based on the set of items already received by the user
Leroy, Michel. "Evolution de coronariens aigus hospitalisés en service de cardiologie en fonction des symptômes dépressifs dont l'anhédonie, des traits d'impulsivité et de recherche de nouveauté, constatés au moment de leur admission." Grenoble 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE29004.
Full textLamirel, Jean-Charles. "Application d'une approche symbolico-connexionniste pour la conception d'un système documentaire hautement interactif : le prototype NOMAD." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10423.
Full textPaolo, Giuseppe. "Learning in Sparse Rewards setting through Quality Diversity algorithms." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS400.
Full textEmbodied agents, both natural and artificial, can learn to interact with the environment they are in through a process of trial and error. This process can be formalized through the Reinforcement Learning framework, in which the agent performs an action in the environment and observes its outcome through an observation and a reward signal. It is the reward signal that tells the agent how good the performed action is with respect to the task. This means that the more often a reward is given, the easier it is to improve on the current solution. When this is not the case, and the reward is given sparingly, the agent finds itself in a situation of sparse rewards. This requires a big focus on exploration, that is on testing different things, in order to discover which action, or set of actions leads to the reward. RL agents usually struggle with this. Exploration is the focus of Quality-Diversity methods, a family of evolutionary algorithms that searches for a set of policies whose behaviors are as different as possible, while also improving on their performances. In this thesis, we approach the problem of sparse rewards with these algorithms, and in particular with Novelty Search. This is a method that, contrary to many other Quality-Diversity approaches, does not improve on the performances of the discovered rewards, but only on their diversity. Thanks to this it can quickly explore the whole space of possible policies behaviors. The first part of the thesis focuses on autonomously learning a representation of the search space in which the algorithm evaluates the discovered policies. In this regard, we propose the Task Agnostic eXploration of Outcome spaces through Novelty and Surprise (TAXONS) algorithm. This method learns a low-dimensional representation of the search space in situations in which it is not easy to hand-design said representation. TAXONS has proven effective in three different environments but still requires information on when to capture the observation used to learn the search space. This limitation is addressed by performing a study on multiple ways to encode into the search space information about the whole trajectory of observations generated during a policy evaluation. Among the studied methods, we analyze in particular the mathematical transform called signature and its relevance to build trajectory-level representations. The manuscript continues with the study of a complementary problem to the one addressed by TAXONS: how to focus on the most interesting parts of the search space. Novelty Search is limited by the fact that all information about any reward discovered during the exploration process is ignored. In our second contribution, we introduce the Sparse Reward Exploration via Novelty Search and Emitters (SERENE) algorithm. This method separates the exploration of the search space from the exploitation of the reward through a two-alternating-steps approach. The exploration is performed through Novelty Search, but whenever a reward is discovered, it is exploited by instances of reward-based methods - called emitters - that perform local optimization of the reward. Experiments on different environments show how SERENE can quickly obtain high rewarding solutions without hindering the exploration performances of the method. In our third and final contribution, we combine the two ideas presented with TAXONS and SERENE into a single approach: SERENE augmented TAXONS (STAX). This algorithm can autonomously learn a low-dimensional representation of the search space while quickly optimizing any discovered reward through emitters. Experiments conducted on various environments show how the method can i) learn a representation allowing the discovery of all rewards and ii) quickly [...]
Kim, Sothea. "Recherche de nouveaux pharmacophores redox." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30318.
Full textThe nitrones are versatile molecules involved in various oxidation/reduction reactions and their field of applications spans chemistry to biology. In order to understand their mechanisms of action in different biological models, it is necessary to correlate their redox properties with the biological activities. This thesis presents the following studies on the chemical families, the ?- phenyl-N-t-butylnitrones and the pyrrole-N-oxides: a) the extension of the series by synthesis and optimisation of the methods; b) the determination of the physico-chemical properties (log P, redox potential, trapping capacity, stability of radical adducts); c) the biological activities on models of oxidative stress (ischemia/reperfusion in the hamster and microvascular disfunction). The main results were: the extension of the chemical series by simplified synthesis protocols; the identification of effective radical trappers (?-(pyridinyl)-N-t-butylnitrone and 5-ethoxycarbonyl-2-5-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-1-oxide); the determination of the redox properties unrelated to the molecular structure of the primary form of the nitrone type; obtaining in the PBN series, three derivatives effective against microvascular disfunction
Maubaret, Cécilia. "Recherche de nouveaux gènes responsables de rétinopathies pigmentaires." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON1T021.
Full textLecouvey, Marc. "Synthèse de glycopeptides et recherche de nouveaux antibactériens glucidiques." Nancy 1, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1995_0368_LECOUVEY.pdf.
Full textBousbia, Sabri. "Recherche de nouveaux agents pathogènes associés aux pneumopathies nosocomiales." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20700.
Full textRecently, bacterial microbiota from a limited number of patients with cystic fibrosis and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) was studied using 16S rDNA gene amplification followed by clone libraries construction and sequencing. These studies have showed that the microbial population of patients with respiratory infections was more diverse than expected. In the current study, we use a similar approach to identify exhaustively the pathogens (bacteria, viruses, and fungi) comprising the microbiota associated with episodes of pneumonia developed in the intensive care units (ICU). Our study included patients admitted to ICUswith with episodes of ventilator-associated pneumonia (n = 106), community-acquired pneumonia (n = 32), nosocomial pneumonia without mechanical ventilation (n = 22) and aspiration pneumonia (n = 25). A cohort of 25 patients admitted to ICUs without symptoms of pneumonia were studied as controls. This first part of the work enables to prepare an exhaustive repertoire of nosocomial pneumonia pathogenes; to know the prevalence of the pathogens identified and to identify co-infections frequently observed, and especially to ascertain whether these agents can be identified or not in the respiratory samples of patients without symptoms of pneumonia. To perform this part of work, series of samples, including bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples, blood samples and urine samples were collected. These samples were tested by means of modern molecular tools based on the amplification of conserved genes (bacterial 16S rDNA and fungal 18S rDNA genes), followed by highthroutput cloning and sequencing. The atypical pathogens are targeted by PCR tests using specific primers and probes. We also included culture, amoeba co-culture, serological detection of antibodies against selected agents and urinary antigen testing, to compare these routine tests to molecular approaches. Based on molecular testing, we identified a wide repertoire of 160 bacterial species of which 73 were never previously reported in pneumonia samples. Moreover, we found 37 putative new bacterial phylotypes. We also identified 24 fungal species of which 6 have not been previously reported in pneumonia, 7 viruses and surprisingly 6 plant species. Some pathogens considered being typical for ICU pneumonia such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus species may be detected as commonly in controls as in pneumonia patients which strikingly highlight the existence of a core of pulmonary microbiota.In a second work, following previous works performed in our laboratory which were able to show that 19% of nosocomial pneumonia were determined by micro-organisms associated to amoebae (AAMs) previously ignored or neglected, we used a recent test based on multiplex serology to test for the prevalence of antibodies against the AAMs in the blood of patients admitted to ICU and developed episodes of pneumonia and compare it to the prevalence at the time of admission (controls). As a result, we demonstrate that some AAMs may be more frequently detected after episodes of nosocomial pneumonia than at the admission. In addition, the immune response to AAMS appears to increase when the ICU stay is prolonged.Finally, in order to explore samples for which no microbial aetiology was found, we have developed a subtractive hybridization metagenomic strategy and tested it on different clinical samples. The sensitivity of this strategy was also evaluated. We have demonstrated that our method, based on the detection of DNA and RNA of microorganisms in a single test, allows sensitive detection of different types of microorganisms
Gontard, Pierre. "Régulations et recherche de nouveaux partenaires des protéines SOCS." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE4019.
Full textSOCS (Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling) proteins are expressed in response to cytokines and hormones. Generally speaking SOCS exert a negative feedback on signaling pathways, which induce their expression. Thus, SOCS proteins are potent inhibitors of insulin signal and dysregulation of their expression and/or action could play a key role in insulin resistance and diabetes. During my PhD, I first identified microRNAs targeting SOCS-1, -2 and –3 mRNAs and potentially implicated in the regulation of SOCS expression. In addition, to specify the molecular mechanisms driven by SOCS proteins, I planed to define new partners of SOCS-3. Thus, I demonstrated that the phosphatase calcineurin interacts with SOCS-3 in vitro and in vivo. In transgenic mice expressing constitutively SOCS-3 in skeletal muscle, this association is illustrated by a colocalization of calcineurin and SOCS-3 leading to the delocalization and sequestration of calcineurin at the periphery of muscle fibers. In correlation with altered calcineurin function, a decreased locomotor activity is observed in transgenic animals. Since it was known that skeletal muscle is able to synthesize and secrete molecules, I wanted to determine whether constitutive expression of SOCS-3 in muscle could alter its secretive function. My analysis showed that whereas increased circulating levels of Interleukin-6 (partially produced by skeletal muscle) are detected in control animals under a high fat diet, no variation is observed in transgenic mice. My investigations brought new insights into the molecular mechanisms driven by SOCS and suggested a new role for SOCS proteins, beside their repressive function, as signaling molecule
Desvignes, Grégory. "L'observation des pulsars au Radiotélescope de Nançay : applications à la recherche de nouveaux objets, à l'étude des systèmes binaires relativistes et à la détection d'un fond d'ondes gravitationnelles." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00496806.
Full textNirma, Charlotte. "Les mutualismes insectes sociaux / micro-organismes : une source d'inspiration pour la recherche de nouveaux composés bioactifs." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MNHN0005.
Full textIn this work, we searched for original antimicrobial compounds drawing inspiration from social insects and entomogenous microbes mutualistic associations self-defence mechanisms. Microorganisms (130) were collected from termites and nest pieces. The putative functional role of these microbes is to protect their hosts against their natural pathogens; extracts from these microorganisms have therefore been evaluated for their antifungal, antibacterial and cytotoxic activities. Antimicrobial and/or cytotoxic original compounds (14) have been isolated and characterized by bioguided fractionation of active extracts. In particular, protoaflatoxin, a key compound to rethink the biosynthesis of the aflatoxins, has been isolated. Another extract yielded discophorin, which proved to be strongly antifungal, associated in the extract with a series of antibacterial ilicicolinic acids. This fungus exhibits a broad activity spectrum and is presumably involved in the defence of its host organism. Finally, several Pseudallescheria boydii strains were isolated from different termites. At least two of them produce the antifungal agent tyroscherin, a fact that could explain a possible prevalence of this association. This work has demonstrated that the processes of the living can inspire future drug discovery
Decarsin, François. "La recherche du nouveau en musique au XXe siècle." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010565.
Full textWhat does modernity in art consist of? Is it obliged to involve the creation of something new or can it be a repetition of the past, but in a re-appropriated form? It can be defined, firstly, in term of the different historical perspectives in relation to which a work is situated, depending on whether it reflects the idea of continuous progress or, on the contrary, demonstrates indifference towards the whole principe of cumulative evolution. By determining the collective dimension in creation, it is in turn possible to situate the latter within a network of antagonistic forces : those of historical conditioning, of the fashions of the day, of the possible presence of invariant structures confronting the individual. The synthesis presented in this research is the result of analyses particularly related to the aesthetic specificity of the present century : the mutations in tonal writing and thematic conception, the role of technological evolution, the emphasis placed on the diversity of experience, the manipulative techniques relating to duration, the relationship between theory and composition. Furthermore, references to the past make it possible to shed light on certain particular points of convergence
Aurensan, Marie-Charlotte Henneron Gérard. "2003 : les nouveaux usages de la GEIDE." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dessride/rrbaurensan.pdf.
Full textWouters, Denis. "Recherche de nouveaux bosons légers en astronomie de haute énergie." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01065648.
Full textGualtieri, Maxime. "Recherche et caractérisation de nouveaux inhibiteurs de la transcription procaryote." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON13511.
Full textPagnier, Isabelle. "Recherche et caractérisation de nouveaux microorganismes intracellulaires d'amibes dans l'environnement." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20694.
Full textFree living amoeba are ubiquitous and have been isolated worldwild in the environment. Several studies showed that many microorganisms, bacteria or viruses, are able to enter the amoeba and multiply within the cell. Those kind of microorganisms are potentially human pathogens, as they may act the same way in human macrophages. The most studied is Legionella pneumophila. It’s tight relationship to amoeba was demonstrated as a factor of pathogenicity, proliferation and dissemination of the bacteria. After, other types of microorganisms were isolated in water and had the same property. In order to isolate those amoeba-resisting microorganisms, co-culture methods were done. Water samples are inoculated onto an amoebal axenic monolayer. We can by this way specifically isolate the microorganisms that are able to resist amoebal phagocytosis, and the other are digested by the amoeba. This method already allowed isolating several new species of microorganisms, principally in potable water. Our study focuses first on the research of new amoeba-associated microorganisms in environmental water, and allowed us to isolate several new species of bacteria. However, almost no Legionnella were found. In a second part, we focused specifically on cooling-towers, which represent a favorable middle for Legionella sp. Proliferation. We looked specifically for new species of microorganisms, bacteria or virus, which could multiply the same way in this kind of installations. During this study, we could isolate several new microorganisms: a new giant virus Mamavirus and a virophage Sputnik; a new giant virus Marseille virus; a new strictly intracellular bacteria, Candidatus Babela massiliensis gen. Nov. , sp. Nov. ; and a new facultative intracellular bacteria, Reyranella massiliensis gen. Nov. , sp. Nov. Our results confirm first that co-culture with amoeba is a very good tool to isolate new genus and new species of bacteria, which cannot be isolated with classical methods. Second, they highlight the problem of the microbiological development in cooling towers. Indeed, control is principally focused on the level of Legionella sp. , while many other pathogens can be found in these installations. Moreover, many different types of microorganisms could be isolated, using amoebas. It suggests that amoeba, naturally present world wild, can be a natural crossroad for meetings between several microorganisms, and can be the center of genetic exchanges that could lead to the creation of new microorganisms, principally giant viruses
ZINE, ABDEL-KAMEL. "Recherche de nouveaux trypanocides : derives d'amidines et acides amidinium sulfiniques." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30143.
Full textBRAEMS, FREDERIC. "Recherche de nouveaux leptons avec le detecteur aleph au lep." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112181.
Full textDriss, Dalel. "Recherche exploratoire de nouveaux composés chalcogénures à propriétés électroniques remarquables." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT4057/document.
Full textDuring the last decade, an upsurge of interest was dedicated to chalcogenides (Q = S, Se and Te) of transition elements, particularly because of the discovery of superconductivity at high critical temperature in compounds based on iron and selenium. In this context, the aim of this thesis work is to discover and explore new chalcogenide compounds based on iron and nickel in the hope of revealing unconventional electronic properties. We used several approaches of rational design of new compounds, such as structural prediction based on ab initio calculations (USPEX), the concept of assembly of two-dimensional Secondary Building Units or soft chemistry methods. Several new lamellar compounds were thus discovered. For example, we succeeded to obtain new compounds which structures result from an assembly of fluorite blocks associated with either an iron selenide layer, such as in Ba2F2Fe1.5Se3, or with a chalcogen layer containing selenium chains (Ba3F4Se1.66) or sulfur pairs (Ba2F2S2). We then showed that such compounds, used as precursors, allow the topotactic intercalation of transition elements M, which react with (S2)2- pairs to form new MxSy layers. This result paves the way for a new general synthetic route playing on the chemistry of chalcogen pairs. Using this concept, we have discovered several new lamellar compounds exhibiting original MxSy layers
Kherbek, Nader. "Résistance de Plasmodium falciparum : génotypage et recherche de nouveaux antipaludiques." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10114.
Full textThe first objective of this work was to compare two genotyping methods to detect pfcrt K76T and pfmdr1 N86Y mutations associated with P. Falciparum resistance to chloroquine. The first method (PCR-RFLP) is frequently used in the field and the second (PCR-FRET) is a promising method. We showed the comparability of these two methods as well as the portability of their results, using data collected during a CQ efficacy study in vivo conducted in Mali. The second objective was to develop a real-time PCR-based method to genotype the parasite for msp1, msp2 and glurp genes, markers of the genetic diversity of P. Falciparum. In term of melting temperature, allelic polymorphism variations were characterized for four reference clones of P. Falciparum and blood samples from patients with P. Falciparum malaria. We proposed a model to distinguish the recrudescent parasites from new infections in in vivo therapeutic efficacy studies. The third objective was to evaluate in vitro the antiplasmodial activity of new synthetic molecules derived from the quinoline using the SYBR Green I-based method. We determined their Inhibitory Concentrations (IC50) against two reference clones of P. Falciparum and highlighted their structure-activity relationship. This work brings new elements for monitoring of antimalarial resistance and proposes new molecules to fight against malaria
Amoroso, Lima Marcelo Savall Henri. "Qualité d'utilisation des ressources dans l'émergence technologique recherche-expérimentation, diagnostic et propositions de solutions /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1991. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/1991/alceuamorosolima_m.
Full textGastaldi, Lise. "Stratégies d'innovation intensive et management de la recherche en entreprise : vers un nouveau modèle de recherche concourante." Marne-la-Vallée, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MARN0389.
Full textSince the 1990s, the traditional roles and methods of running in-house research departments were called into question with the emergence of innovation-based competition. In-house research departments are under increasing pressure to produce results, while research budgets are being cut and processes streamlined. In the science-based industries, research activities are essential to innovate, but they are not enough effective in regard to the companies headquarters’ expectations. This dissertation studies methods for managing in-house research as a potential way to solve this research’s effectiveness problem. Our objective is twofold: to describe research-focused management, organization and HRM methods and their, and to highlight some methods that could foster the research department’s contribution to the intensive innovation strategies
Eskenazy, Déborah. "Le dispositif médical à la recherche d’un nouveau cadre juridique." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL20014/document.
Full textFrom artificial heart to bandage through implants, corrective lenses, wheelchairs or radiology devices, the concept of medical device covers a wide range of products having in common their medical purpose and their action which is not obtained by pharmacological, immunological or metabolic means. Medical devices were regulated in the 1990s by directives based on the principles of the new approach (definition of essential requirements and reference to technical harmonization, important role for professional actors and limited role for public authorities, evaluation of the conformity of products by notified bodies and absence of marketing authorization). Despite the advantages of their flexibility, these directives have only partially succeeded in guaranteeing the safety of medical devices, as underlined in the circumstances of PIP implants scandal: limited clinical evaluation, information and traceability of products, limited control by and on notified bodies, lack of coordination between authorities, etc. To strengthen the safety of European medical devices, rather than transposing the legal framework of medicinal products or American medical devices, a custom-made legal framework, adapted to their varying level of risk, is to be considered. This is what the upcoming regulations put forward
Francois, Christine. "Recherche de nouveaux marqueurs diagnostiques et pronostiques dans les adénocarcinomes rénaux." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211805.
Full textMoulin, Corentin. "Recherche de nouveaux anticancéreux d’origine marine : isolement, détermination structurale et synthèse." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ4016.
Full textThis manuscript deals with the work carried out during 3 years on the chemical and biological studies of secondary metabolites from marine invertebrates. On the one hand, the chemical study addresses the extraction, the isolation, and the structural elucidation of marine natural products as well as, if necessary, their chemical synthesis. On the other hand, the biological study allows us to characterize the biological activities of these compounds and their mode of action, and to establish some structure-activity relationships that may result from.First, the chemical study of the sponge Leuconia sp. has allowed us to isolate 9 compounds, including a new one: the makaluvic acid D. Among the 8 known metabolites, 7 are pyrroloiminoquinones: the makaluvamines D, G, H, J, K and P and the damirone A. The last isolated metabolite is the 3,7 dimethylguanine. Several significant biological activities have already been discovered thanks to numerous prior studies. Indeed, the makaluvamines were proved to be antitumor, antimalarial and antioxidant compounds. These studies have also evidenced several structure-activity relationships: i) the importance of the presence of a positive charge, ii) the importance of the 4 ethylphenol inclusion and iii) the importance of the conjugation within the tricyclic core. However, the makaluvic acids do not seem to unveil any significant bioactivity. Some new biological tests will be carried out in the future to confirm or reject these hypotheses.Then, the study of the sponge Clathria rugosa has allowed us to isolate a new compound from the peroxyacarnoate family: the peroxyacarnoic acid E. This endoperoxide-containing metabolite has shown a significant antitumor activity. Indeed, this compound displayed strong cytotoxic activities. Moreover, several more targeted studies have allowed us to highlight the action mechanism of this new metabolite. It targets cell death pathways and specifically regulated necrosis pathways such as necroptosis or ferroptosis. In addition, a cellular study has revealed a disruption of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and an oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction. The convergent synthesis of this compound has also been carried out but has not been resulted in success yet, but some pathways are suggested to address this issue. The completion of this synthesis would allow us to evaluate more accurately the mode of action of the peroxyacarnoic acid E and to compare it to the currently marketed drugs
Bousquet-Melou, Anne. "Biosystématique des palétuviers du genre Avicennia : recherche de nouveaux marqueurs taxonomiques." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU3A236.
Full textMichelet, Cédric. "Recherche exploratoire de nouveaux matériaux d'électrode négative pour batterie sodium-ion." Nantes, 2014. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=d046bc78-38d0-480a-9562-5ec81ce5bca2.
Full textLithium-ion batteries have become essential in recent years. Due to both the difficult access and the cost of the alkaline element, a new field of research concerning sodium-ion batteries has recently emerged. Among the major challenges inherent to this new battery type, the aim of the work developed during this PhD thesis is to explore new negative electrode materials. Two material types have been studied: metallic tin, and the chalcogenides AV4S8 (A=Ga, Ge). Tin was obtained with dense or dendritic form by electrolchemical deposition. In sodium-ion battery, this material presents interesting properties since during the first discharge, a specific capacity of 1 Ah/g at a working potential below 0. 6 V relative to Na+/Na0 can be obtained. However, a volume expansion of 350% during the sodiation causes a significant capacity loss, which is under 100 mAh/g after around ten cycles. The AV4S8 chalcogenides (A = Ga, Ge) have been the main subject of this PhD thesis. The reaction mechanism with sodium, close to a conversion mechanism, has been studied by in situ X -ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy in order to observe the oxidation number evolution of the elements involved in the reaction with sodium. These materials exhibit remarkable electrochemical properties, with an initial specific capacity of more than 800 mAh/g at low potential with excellent capacity retention upon cycling
Ghaleb, Youmna. "Hypercholestérolémie familiale : recherche de nouveaux gènes et étude des formes polygéniques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC270/document.
Full textAtherosclerosis and its cardiovascular complications are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. Hypercholesterolemia is one of the major cardiovascular risk factors and it affects one in 20 subjects in the general population. Autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia (ADH), characterized by elevated plasma total cholesterol and LDL-C levels, is due to alterations in 4 genes: LDLR, APOB, PCSK9 and APOE. The fundamental work of Brown and Goldstein revealed the important role of the mutations in the LDLR gene in ADH and contributed to the development of a major class of cholesterol-lowering drugs: statins. Similarly, the discovery by Abifadel et al. in 2003 of the first hypercholesterolemic mutations of PCSK9 was the starting point of an adventure which resulted, 12 years later, in the development of a new class of cholesterol-lowering drugs: anti-PCSK9 antibodies. The main objective of this thesis is to discover new genes, major genetic factors and modifiers involved in ADH. The identification of new genes will be followed by the study of the pathophysiological mechanisms linked to their mutations. A second objective of this work is to calculate the genetic risk score (GRS) in all individuals belonging to 5 families where a mutation responsible of the hypercholesterolemic phenotype has been already identified in order to determine whether a polygenic form would explain the phenocopies observed in these families. In parallel to these two projects, we conducted a study in the Lebanese population which is characterized by a high incidence of dyslipidemia. In this population, it is interesting to conduct genetic studies because of the existence of a limited number of sub-populations that constitute "genetic isolates" with a high homogeneity of their genetic background, making it easier to study many hereditary diseases such as familial hypercholesterolemia. The results obtained in this project revealed a candidate gene that could be involved in ADH: LRP6. Moreover, it allowed us to question about the exact role of the LRP6 receptor until now considered as an important protagonist in the internalization of LDL particles. Further studies are still needed to confirm whether or not this gene is involved in ADH and to determine its exact role in cholesterol metabolism. Concerning the genetic score, we have shown that the GRS does not seem to be a reliable diagnostic tool to identify polygenic hypercholesterolemia at the individual level. The 6-SNP score did not give us a clear answer and thus we cannot use the GRS to identify phenocopies within ADH families
Alceu, Amoroso Lima Marcelo. "Qualité d'utilisation des ressources dans l'émergence technologique : recherche-experimentation, diagnostic et propositions de solutions." Lyon 2, 1991. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/1991/alceuamorosolima_m.
Full textThe main contributions of this thesis are : (a) the adaptation of a method of experimental research in management, based on the socio-economic intervention developped by the "institut de socio-économie des entreprises et des organisations" at Lyon, France (named research-experimentation) that allowed us to obtain significant information from the actors of a complex, diffuse and often hidden organisational problematics ; (b) the proposition of a global model of comprehension of the technology emergency that articulates organisational phenomena, technological phenomena and competitive phenomena ; (c) the reconstitution of the disfunctions of the technological emergency, which allowed us to build an inventory of themes of disfunciton that is usefull in the diagnostics of a particular situation of technology emergency and also to make a description of the identified disfunctions; (d) the identification of the causes of disfunction in technology emergency and the proposition of solutions and concrete tools of management in order to solve them
Vandenhaute, Elodie. "Établissement et caractérisation de nouveaux modèlesin vitro de barrière hémato-encéphalique : de la recherche fondamentale à la recherche appliquée." Phd thesis, Université d'Artois, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00683797.
Full textMillier, Paul. "Union chaotique du marketing et de la technologie dans les projets de recherche et développement." Lyon 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO33001.
Full textThe environment of the innovative firm has two dimensions. It ismade up of the technical system and the socio-economic system. R&d projects pass form the former to the latter dimension via az transitory phase which comprises a chaotic part and a dialectic part. In this way the marketing of an r&d project takes three forms. The firts one is technological marketing which consists of opening the firm out onto the technical system. The second one includes action necessary for gettign through the transitory phase. It is the marketing form through which the project integrates and takes into account its environment where offering draws closer to market needs. The third more classical form prepares the commercial launch of the product. This marketing process must be adapted to the projects depending on whether they are either defended by the researchers of supported by the firm on the one hand, and whether they are managed in either a niche market or a volume market approach on the other
Arguello, Chamorro Humberto. "La recherche d'un nouveau modèle de développement au Nicaragua depuis 1979." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100068.
Full textThis analysis is related to the attempt to implement a new development model in nicaragua after the collapse of the somoza dictatorship. An analysis is made on how the sandinista strategy tried to solve the structu ral problems of the nicaraguan economy and how it tried to lead to a new insertion into the international economy. After the period of national reconstruction and its successes, the aggression by the us administration intensified. However in 1982 the sandinista government began to implement a number of big agro-industrial projects. Already in a situation of crisis, the process of forced accumulation has led to greater problems. On the other hand, the agrarian reform had accomplished an important distribution of land to the peasants. However the agrarian reform had been too much centred on the state farms. After a few years, a number of important debates have led to partial corrections of the strategy and of the economic policies of the sandinistas. Nevertheless the american aggression has continued and has provoked great deal of destruction and has hampared the implementation of a new model of development nicaragua
Bénard, Christophe. "Synthèse et activité biologique de nouveaux inhibiteurs de l'intégrase du VIH-1." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA114820.
Full textIt is known that AIDS can nowadays be temporarily controlled, but not eradicated with current treatments against reverse transcriptase and protease. It is therefore important to identify new agents targeting HIV-1. Ln this respect, it is essential to develop inhibitors of the third essential enzyme of HIV-1 : integrase (IN). Our Laboratory bas recently reported that polyhydroxylated styrylquinolines are potent inhibitors of IN that block the replication of the virus in cell culture. In the present work, we report the preliminary results of our expanded SAR investigation directed towards the replacement of the ethylenic linker of the styrylquinolines by functionalized spacers: amide, hydrazide, urea or diketone-1,3 linker in order to increase affinity with the core domain of the protein. The results show that some of these new compounds have micromolar or submicromolar activities in the same range as styrylquinolines. However, an improvement of cytotoxicity is clearly noticed
Kottler, Benjamin. "Recherche de nouveaux mutants de mémoire à long terme chez la drosophile." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00567107.
Full textLamonier, Jean-François. "Recherche de nouveaux catalyseurs dans la réduction du monoxyde d'azote par l'ammoniac." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10154.
Full textMahmoudi, Nassira. "Application de la modélisation mathématique dans la recherche de nouveaux médicaments antipaludiques." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066062.
Full textDeliyannis, Michel. "Recherche de nouveaux bosons de jauge dans des modeles issus des supercordes." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX22084.
Full textMichel, Grégory. "Recherche de nouveaux superalliages de fonderie pour fibrage à très haute température." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10131.
Full textThe spinner used to product glass wool for thermal building insulation undergoes several stresses (chemical, mechanical and thermal) at high temperature. The lifetime of the spinner is limited by oxidation by hot gases, corrosion by molten glass or creep deformation. The first part of this thesis has concerned the improvement of the mechanical properties of the alloys for the fiberizing at 1200°C. First, the bulk chromium content of the usual cobalt-base alloys has been decreased to increase their refractoriness at constant microstructure. However, this reduction has degraded the oxidation behavior of these alloys. To keep a good oxidation behavior, a surface chromium enrichment of the Cr-impoverished alloys is achieved by pack-cementation technique. The creep behavior of these alloys is kept at a good level. Secondly, several new metallurgical systems were explored: alloys based on nickel and iron and reinforced by heavy elements in solid solution or by precipitates inter metallic particles. The refractoriness and the oxidation behavior appeared to be interesting but the creep deformation was disappointing. The second part of this work has concerned the improvement of the oxidation and corrosion properties of the alloys for the process at 1000-1050°C. Two ways have been explored: a chromium enrichment on the sub-surface or an addition of a reactive element, as yttrium. The second solution has given interesting results with a significant improvement of the oxidation behavior, and particularly in cyclic oxidation
Buat, Quentin. "Recherche de nouveaux phénomènes dans les événements diphoton avec le détecteur ATLAS." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876625.
Full textVandenhaute, Elodie. "Etablissement et caractérisation de nouveaux modèles in vitro de barrière hémato-encéphalique : de la recherche fondamentale à la recherche appliquée." Thesis, Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0402/document.
Full textThe blood-brain barrier (BBB), located at the level of brain capillaries, is a crucial component of the neurogliovascular unit where it is responsible for brain homeostasis maintenance. By limiting the access of molecules to the brain parenchyma, it effectively protects the central nervous system (CNS) from harmful substances, but at the same time represents a major hurdle for potential neuropharmaceuticals to reach their central target. The difficulty to study BBB features and permeability in vivo led to the development of different in vitro BBB models. Our model, consisting of a coculture of brain capillary endothelial cells and glial cells, has been extensively characterized: it provides a robust model exhibiting in vivo BBB characteristics and hasproved useful in elucidating the cellular interactions at the level of the BBB in physiological and pathological conditions.The initially developed coculture model was completed by the addition of brain pericytes to design threecell culture models. Indeed, pericytes now appear as important actors of BBB formation and maintenance, but are often absent of in vitro BBB models. Gathering the three major cell populations forming the BBB – endothelial cells, glial cells and pericytes – seems important to more accurately reproduce in vivo configuration, with the aim of understanding cellular interactions in physiological and pathological conditions. On the basis of our original coculture model, two different three-cell culture models were designed: while pericytes were cultured distant from endothelial cells in the first model, both were closely associated in the second one. Both models were characterized in terms of endothelial marker expression and morphology, paracellular permeability and expression of efflux pumps, demonstrating that they provide reliable in vitro BBB models. They maybe useful in deciphering the contribution of pericytes to the BBB phenotype and in the response of BBB to injury, taking into account the gliovascular component. In most cases, the intended use of in vitro BBB models in drug discovery is to predict whether investigational drugs are likely to achieve relevant CNS exposure to elicit the desired pharmacological effect. However, in vitro BBB models usually do not allow high enough through put to efficiently evaluate the large number of compounds generated by pharmaceutical companies in early drug discovery stages
Milard, Solenn Guillard Charles Sophie. "La paralysie obstétricale du plexus brachial prise en charge pédiatrique et recherche étiologique /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=51931.
Full textDraï, Laurie. "Culture politique de gauche en Andalousie (1868-1923) : à la recherche d'un homme niouveau, à la recherche d'un monde nouveau." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA1041.
Full textVallette, Thomas. "Recherche d'un cadre conceptuel d'aide à la conception collective innovante par l'usage : proposition de l'outil "Glocal" pour la conception d'outils à main et des équipement de travail." Paris, ENSAM, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENAM0025.
Full textThis research falls under the field of the industrial engineering and positions precisely in logics of innovation upstream. The research of the productivity and quality are visions which were born with after war. But today, competition passed from a regional dimension to world. The company must now be able continuously to enrich its offer by innovating products and new concepts. For a few years, one has observed a tendency of the technological companies of sectors of points to build all or a part of their process of innovation around the set of themes of the usages. The question for FACOM is posed also today ; with the appearance of an international competition able to make not only the bottom-of-the-range copy at a very cheap price, but also of the innovative products at very competitive prices, FACOM must be different by proposing in a way systematic and reasoned of the innovations which ensure a durable competing advantage to him ; the disparate, not coordinated and opportunist innovation not allowing more to guarantee a perenniality for the company. The studies of usage make it possible in to articulate the bonds between the technique and the society in order to form and to structure of the fields of innovation in the system built by the interaction between these two poles. They allow the new shapes of comprehension of the market and especially, they bring knowledge and a fine comprehension of the customers and users. Thus, to innovate by the usage, the industrialists must be able to generate and control the production of collective reasoning innovating in phase upstream of the processes of innovation. The usage being a multidimensional and multi-field set of themes, the exploration of the space of the practical values must be structured in order to build strategies of design innovating in a context of intensive innovation. Our research registered in making and the experimenting of a conceptual framework making it possible to innovate and control, at the interface between the Research and the Development, a repeated innovation process by usage
Mallak, Ihab. "De nouveaux facteurs pour l'exploitation de la sémantique d'un texte en Recherche d'Information." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00637779.
Full textCordelières, Fabrice. "Quelle fonction pour la CLIP-170 ? Recherche de partenaires et nouveaux outils d'investigation." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00432222.
Full textVarona, Cyrille. "Recherche, croissance cristalline et caractérisation de nouveaux matériaux pour microlasers bleu et infrarouge." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002155.
Full textMihalache, Adriana. "Recherche de nouveaux marqueurs diagnostiques et/ou pronostiques pour le cancer du côlon." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10224/document.
Full textColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the Western world. Unlike many other malignancies, CRC is a preventable and curable disease if early stage tumors are removed. However many CRC remain undetected until they have spread to the surrounding organs or lymph, correlating with poor prognosis because of the low sensitivity and specificity of fecal occult blood tests used for screening of risk populations. In this context, there is an urgent need to identify biomarkers for early detection of CRC, to follow tumor development during the course of therapy and to predict recurrence. Mucins, major glycoproteins found in the mucus film covering and protecting the colon mucosa, are frequently altered in colon cancer and implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. The main goal of this PhD project was to explore alteration of expression and glycosylation of colonic mucins during progression of adenomas to a colorectal cancer and to identify, among all these modified molecules, new potential biomarkers for prognosis and recurrence after treatment. Mucins were purified from healthy individuals and patients with colon cancer and their O-glycosylation patterns were determined by mass spectrometry. The obtained data showed an important decrease in the level of expression of sialylated core 3 based O-glycans in tumors correlated with an increase in sialylated core 1 structures. No correlation was established between stages of the tumor samples and mucin O-glycosylation. However, with the notable exception of sialyl Tn antigens, tumors with recurrence presented a milder alteration of glycosylation profile than tumors without recurrence. These results suggest that mucin O-glycans from tumors with recurrence might mimic a healthier physiological situation, hence deceiving the immune defense system. We confirmed an increased expression of a core 3 sialyl-Lex hexasaccharide in tumors of patients without any recurrence during the first 3 years after resection of the tumor, which appeared to compete with its sulfo-Lex counterpart in normal tissue. We demonstrated a significant decrease of expression of Gal-3-O-sulfotransferases together with small variations of α2,3-sialyltransferases expression levels that could explain the inversion of ratio for these two sugar motifs. Expression of DMBT1, a mucin-like, was highly increased in early stages of colon carcinoma and a high expression in normal mucosa of patients seemed to be correlated with a poor prognosis. In conclusion, our work demonstrated for the first time a possible correlation between mucin O-glycosylation patterns in the resected tumor of patients and the risk of recurrence. This study highlights specific pattern of mucin alterations during malignant transformation and progression of colon cancer. These findings might prove valuable as prognostic tools orienting the cure to be given to patients after resection