Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Recherche de chemin de reaction'
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Yang, Xiaotian. "New transition state optimization and reaction path finding algorithm with reduced internal coordinates." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS481.
Full textThe characteristics of a chemical reaction are largely determined by the molecular structures associated with the reactant, the product, the transition state, and the path connecting them. Therefore, locating the stationary points on the molecular potential surface is the first step towards successful numerical modeling. Mathematically, reactants, products, and reactive intermediates are local minima on the potential energy surface. Two local minima are connected by a stationary point which is a maximum along the reaction path but a minimum in all other directions. This saddle point is called the transition state (TS) between the two local minima. Once all the important stationary points on the potential surface have been located, one can model the whole reaction process, including the mechanism(s) of the reaction and its kinetic and thermodynamic properties (reaction rate, equilibrium constant, exothermicity, etc.. For multistep reactions, the existence of intermediate(s) complicates the reaction mechanism. In addition, there may be multiple possible reaction paths, wherein different intermediate structures connect the same reactants and products. In these complicated scenarios, having a full minimum-energy path showing how reactants and products are connected by various sequences of structures is especially useful, as it provides researchers with atomistic detail about the reaction mechanism. This can be useful, for example, for designing better catalysts. [...]
Gruber, Monique. "Henri Suso ou la recherche d'un chemin mystique à l'aide du texte et de l'image." Thesis, Metz, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008METZ020L.
Full textOf the three Rhenish mystics, Suso is the only one that accompanied his texts with suggestive pictures, often the reflection of his mental images, of his visions. In the first part, after studying his life and works, we have attempted to give a summary of his illustrated writings ; even though one manuscript only was supervised by him, the artists after him worked on his advice. We have also tried to describe the civilization of images surrounding him and, above all, how, therefrom, he managed to pass his teachings, giving himself as an example and, with images, tracing the mystic way for the nuns he was in charge of. In the second part, we have shown "images driving out images": after scrutinizing a manuscript of the 14th century, we have conducted a work of comparison between the different Exemplars known. But these images driven out by other images in the end, lead to their disappearing, and in the third part, we have shown the process of rejection, as Suso saw it, through detachment - on Entbildung, leading to Uberbildung, i.e transformation into the Deity : the mystic union, a prelude to the beatific vision
Chabrier, Alain. "Génération de colonnes et de coupes utilisant des sous-problèmes de plus court chemin." Angers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ANGE0029.
Full textIn recent years, column generation methods have been the subject of many publications about solving a greater number of combinatorial optimisation pro-blems. They correspond to a particular use of the revised Simplex method on a decomposed and restricted problem. An auxiliary problem generates new va-riables not present initially. In this thesis, we focus our interest on the cases where the auxiliary problcm is a constrained shortest path problem in a graph. Various improvcments have been proposed in thc literature, but they arc all limitcd to a particular problem. This thesis proposes to facilitate thc reuse of those improvcments in different problems. For this, we propose a generic formalism to model such problems and a description of thc scarch for solutions using goals. We then present new and different practical improvements applicable te varions problems. More precisely, the contributions are : an efficient algorithm for elcmentary shortcst path in the subproblem, a combination of expert heuristics and Constraint Programming in the subproblem, search strategies for the subproblem, a Constraint Programming global constraint for shortest path subproblem, cutting planes applied to the path-based master problem, heuristics and search strategies for the master problem. Those improvements are validated on three different real applications : ve-hicle routing, crew scheduling, and network design. For each of those applications, we produce several experimental results sho-wing how some combinations of the proposed contributions help to improve the ultimate solutions. Finally, a column and cut generation framework has been implemented that eases the development of such applications and that includes most of our pro-posal
Gueye, Fallou. "Algorithmes de recherche d'itinéraires en transport multimodal." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0042.
Full textThis thesis focuses on urban passenger multimodal transportation. In practice, a multimodal transportation problem requires taking into account several objectives and specific constraints related to modes or sequence of used modes. Such constraints are called viability constraints. This work has been carried out in collaboration with MobiGIS, a company specialized in consulting and development of applications around Geographical Information Systems.The problem studied in this thesis is the bi-objective multimodal viable point-to-point shortest path, aiming at minimizing the total travel time and the total number of mode changes. Given the considered objectives, this problem is polynomial.On the basis of a multi-layered graph model of the multimodal transportation networks, and of a finite state automaton model of the viability constraints, we propose various algorithms for solving this problem, based on the principle of label setting and extension.We also proposed a new dominance rule based on the states of the automaton to reduce the number of labels explored by our algorithms. Bidirectional and A* variants are also proposed.The algorithms are evaluated the transportation network of the city of Toulouse and experiments demonstrate the interest of the proposed dominance rules and bidirectional approach. A prototype software implementing different features of the shortest path algorithms has been developed. It notably enables calculations of point-to-point routes, accessibility and origin-destination matrices
Sauvanet, Gaël. "Recherche de chemins multiobjectifs pour la conception et la réalisation d'une centrale de mobilité destinées aux cyclistes." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR4006/document.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis aims at proposing methods for computing bicycle paths across a metropolitan. Several criteria such as distance, safety and effort must be considered in the path computation. The difficulty is to compute paths under a time constraint of a few seconds, in order to integrate the computation in the respond-time of a web page.Two approaches were discussed to solve this problem. The first one is an a posteriori approach where all compromise solutions are computed and the second approach is an a priori method that takes user preferences into account to guide the search by the selection of the most promising sub-paths first. Finally, we propose to model the road network as a line graph to take into account new criteria,requiring costs on arc sequences for example. All this work was necessary to develop the service Géovélo, which is a multiobjective route planner adapted to bicycle. The service is available on a website and as mobile applications
Moisan, Hervé. "Développement agricole et localités chemin critique d'une pratique de recherche sociologique dans les territoires villageois de la plaine ouest des Vosges /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37616600p.
Full textDelhome, Raphaël. "Modélisation de la variabilité des temps de parcours et son intégration dans des algorithmes de recherche du plus court chemin stochastique." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSET010/document.
Full textThe travel time representation has a major impact on user-oriented routing information. In particular, congestion detection is not perfect in current route planners. Moreover, the travel times cannot be considered as static because of events such as capacity drops, weather disturbances, or demand peaks. Former researches focused on dynamic travel times, i.e. that depend on departure times, in order to improve the representation details, for example concerning the periodicity of congestions. Real-time information is also a significant improvement for users aiming to prepare their travel or aiming to react to on-line events. However these kinds of model still have an important drawback : they do not take into account all the aspects of travel time variability. This dimension is of huge importance, in particular if the user risk aversion is considered. Additionally in a multimodal network, the eventual connections make the travel time uncertainty critical. In this way the current PhD thesis has been dedicated to the study of stochastic travel times, seen as distributed random variables.In a first step, we are interested in the travel time statistical modeling as well as in the travel time variability. In this goal, we propose to use the Halphen family, a probability law system previously developed in hydrology. The Halphen laws show the typical characteristics of travel time distributions, plus they are closed under addition under some parameter hypothesis. By using the distribution moment ratios, we design innovative reliability indexes, that we compare with classical metrics. This holistic approach appears to us as a promising way to produce travel time information, especially for infrastructure managers.Then we extend the analysis to transportation networks, by considering previous results. A set of probability laws is tested during the resolution of the stochastic shortest path problem. This research effort helps us to describe paths according to the different statistical models. We show that the model choice has an impact on the identified paths, and above all, that the stochastic framework is crucial. Furthermore we highlight the inefficiency of algorithms designed for the stochastic shortest path problem. They need long computation times and are consequently incompatible with industrial applications. An accelerated algorithm based on a deterministic state-of-the-art is provided to overcome this problem in the last part of this document. The obtained results let us think that route planners might include travel time stochastic models in a near future
Moisan, Hervé. "Développement agricole et localités : chemin critique d'une pratique de recherche sociologique dans les territoires villageois de la plaine ouest des Vosges." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100160.
Full textThe author presents the results of research carried out in the Vosges area of eastern France, within the framework of a research unit of the INRA research department on agrarian systems and development (Versailles). The study deals with the cantons of Neufchâteau, Coussey, Bulgneville and Chatenois. The objective is to detect the local determinants responsible for the diversity of agricultural situations analyzed at different spatial levels (from farm fields to groups of villages) during seven research operations (1975-1987), in particular the follow up of the states' general of agricultural development. The work promotes a localist point of view which is set here against "delocalizing" theories in agronomy, rural economy and sociology, in order to investigate the articulation between farm development and village development using the concept of "local technical referential", of technical profile and of village trajectory. The major results are methodological. Three converging approaches are privileged: the systematic consideration of the representations local actors have of their territory; the articulation of social networks with the territory; the sociotechnical analysis of farming activity, which requires that sociologists work closely with agronomists on common objects (e. G. The fields)
Sauvanet, Gaël. "Recherche de chemins multiobjectifs pour la conception et la réalisation d'une centrale de mobilité destinée aux cyclistes." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00603891.
Full textBenabdelouahed, Djafer. "Etude experimentale de la reaction proton (deuton, x) pion negatif : recherche de resonances multibaryoniques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13194.
Full textHizem, Mohamed Mejdi. "Recherche de chemins dans un graphe à pondérationdynamique : application à l'optimisation d'itinéraires dans les réseaux routiers." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00344958.
Full textLaine, Elodie. "Analyse de l'activation du facteur oedémateux de Bacillus anthracis par la calmoduline, en vue de la recherche d'inhibiteurs." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00483602.
Full textRAMANANTSIZEHENA, RAKOTOSON GEORGETTE. "Spectroscopie alpha appliquee a la recherche d'elements trace et a l'identification de noyaux produits par reaction nucleaire." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13074.
Full textGéry, Mathias. "Indexation et interrogation de chemins de lecture en contexte pour la recherche d'information structurée sur le web." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004453.
Full textSzacherski, Pascal. "Reconstruction de profils protéiques pour la recherche de biomarqueurs." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00788410.
Full textHizem, Mohamed Mejdi. "Recherche de chemins dans un graphe à pondération dynamique : application à l'optimisation d'itinéraires dans les réseaux routiers." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/34/49/58/PDF/Memoire_de_these_MM_HIZEM_-_version_finale.pdf.
Full textThis thesis aims to develop algorithms and models for optimizing itineraries in road networks. The first part of this work treats the problem of intercepting a mobile in a graph. In this context, the goal is to compute the optimal path to reach a moving target with a known itinerary. This problem is studied for different situations (one pursuer/one target and several pursuers/several targets) and for different types of graphs (time-independent graphs and FIFO graphs). For each case, an algorithm is suggested and its optimality is proven. Moreover, simulations are conducted to check the algorithms efficiency in terms of execution time. In the second part of this thesis, a new class of time-dependent graphs is defined : the time-dependent interval graphs. The distinctive feature of these graphs is that the edge weight is time-dependent and it is defined by an interval. For this new class of graphs, the shortest path problem is studied. This problem can be viewed either as mono-objective optimization problem or as a multi-objective optimization problem. For each case, the problem is formulated and approaches for resolution are proposed
Sevenet, Nicolas. "Recherche de marqueurs génétiques dans la maladie de Crohn : polymorphime des loci de classe II du système HLA." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P240.
Full textGARIN, LAURE. "Recherche de marqueurs de la gvhd apres greffe de moelle osseuse chez l'enfant : valeur de l'expression des molecules hla-dq et hla-dr." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1M059.
Full textEBERLE, FREDERIC. "Peut-on guerir la leucemie myeloide chronique par l'interferon-alpha ? recherche de la maladie residuelle par une technique d'amplification genique (polymerase chain reaction)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX20903.
Full textWang, Zhanjun. "Optimisation avancée pour la recherche et la composition des itinéraires comodaux au profit des clients de transport." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECLI0029/document.
Full textNowadays, the environment impact of transport is significant. In an attempt to address these problems, in this work, we are interested in the implementation of a transport information system, which integrates the existing means of transport to respond users' requests, including public transport and the shared transport like carpooling and car-sharing. In this context of application, we elaborate algorithms to provide attractive paths with respect to the imposed constraints, even for simultaneous requests. Different acceleration techniques for path planning are used to reduce the search space for a better performance. The attractive paths are divided into route sections on which the available offers are allocated to different requests, which is treated as one resource allocation problem using metaheuristics algorithms. With consideration of the distributed and dynamic aspects of the problem, the solving strategy makes use of several concepts like multi-agents system and different optimization methods. The proposed methods are tested with realistic scenarios with instances extracted from real world transport networks. The obtained results indicate that our proposed approaches can efficiently solve the itinerary planning problems by providing good and complete solutions
Gregoire, Anne-Sophie. "Mise au point d'une technique de PCR multiplex pour la recherche de microdélétions sur le chromosome Y." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P165.
Full textHouissa, Asma. "Les algorithmes d’apprentissage pour l’aide au stationnement urbain." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV001.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to develop, to integrate and to test a new algorithmic approach to help parking in urban centers.Given the different types of deployed infrastructure : from input-output detection of vehicles to time variation of the number of available places within each street segment, we propose an efficient method to determine an itinerary that minimize the time expectation to find an available place and also to predict the availability of the parking places.We have chosen an urban area and we have considered it as a set of parking resources called street segments. More exactly, this urban area is considered as a graph where the vertexes represent the crossroads and the arcs represent the street segments. The essential parameters of our urban area model are the parking capacity and the time crossing of each street segment. The originality and the innovation of our approach are based on two principles.The first one is the guidance as a resource, i.e., it means that the proposed itinerary is not the one that lead to an available parking place but rather the one that minimized the time expectation to find an available parking place. In order to achieve that we determine, in a an area centered on a given destination, the itinerary to follow by the vehicle in order minimize its time expectation to find an available parking place as quickly aspossible.We have designed and realized a reinforcement learning algorithm based on the LRI method (Linear Reward Inaction) and a Monte Carlo method to minimize the time expectation to find an available parking place in the urban area. We have compared this algorithm to a global approach based on tree evaluation with bounded depth. The second principle is based on the prediction of the parking places by homogeneous time period where we are not interestedon a parking place in real time but rather on the parking places byarea. In other terms, the system predict the potential available parkingplaces by resource for the next time periods. Thus, we don’t aim to predict the availability of each parking place, i.e., each resource is considered as stock area and its availability is assessed in major part in function of the street segment input-output flow. For this principle, we have determined by a learning algorithm the probability that there is at least one available parking place in a street segment within a given time. The major data needed to compute this probability are the time series of input-output of each vehicle in street intersections, and the variation of the available parking places through the time.We have evaluated the performance of this approach by simulation based on random generated data and on real data of a district in Versailles
MAINARDI, LEDUC ANNIE. "Etude moleculaire de la translocation t (11;14)(q13;q32) chez une patiente atteinte de leucemie prolymphocytaire en vue de la recherche de la maladie residuelle par pcr (polymerase chain reaction)." Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2M074.
Full textGuessous, Sai͏̈da. "Recherche de "Chlamydia trachomatis" dans les produits biologiques : étude sur 180 prélèvements de quatre techniques de diagnostic." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P192.
Full textRodrigues, Nuno. "Recherche et évaluation d'antalgiques originaux : les activateurs des canaux potassiques TREK-1." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF22181.
Full textAnalgesics used today are old products and several of them date from the 19th century. Morphine remains the analgesics of reference for pains called by excess of nociception, but it is at the origin of awkward and serious side effects. It was shown that the analgesic effect of morphine passed by the activation of potassium channels TREK-1. The objective of this work is thus to develop original analgesics, activators of TREK-1. We synthesized activators of TREK-1 described in the literature and we evaluated their analgesic activity in vivo (writhing test) which enabled us to identify CDC as a lead molecule. We then synthesized 43 analogues of CDC which we evaluated for their analgesic effect and their ability to activate TREK-1 channels (electrophysiology). These molecules were prepared in 3 to 12 steps with yields ranging from 3 to 72 % by using reactions such as : aldol reaction, Watsworth and Horner’s olefination, Peterson’s olefination, esterification … Very promising results emerged from this structure-activity relationship study with 8 molecules which display a very good analgesic effect (>50% inhibition of pain) as well as a good activation of TREK-1 channels (R> 2). Finally we analyzed the results of this study by molecular modeling (QSAR) which enabled us to identify the essential structural characteristics of these molecules
RABBIA, ISABELLE. "Evolution de la viremie chez les patients atteints d'une hepatite chronique a virus c traites par interferon alpha : recherche d'une correlation entre la viremie et la reponse au traitement." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU31510.
Full textLuca, Aurélie de. "Espaces chimiques optimaux pour la recherche par similarité, la classification et la modélisation de réactions chimiques représentées par des graphes condensés de réactions." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF027.
Full textThis thesis aims to develop an approach based on the Condensed Graph of Reaction (CGR) method able to (i) select an optimal descriptor space the best separating different reaction classes, and (ii) to prepare special descriptors to be used in obtaining predictive structure-reactivity models. This methodology has been applied to similarity search studies in a database containing 8 different reaction classes, and to visualization of its chemical space using Kohonen maps and Generative Topographic Mapping. Another part of the thesis concerns development of predictive models for pKa and for optimal conditions for different types of Michael reaction involving both CGR-based and Electronic Effect Descriptors
Demonchaux, Patrice. "Recherche d'agents radioprotecteurs : synthèse et mécanisme d'action de composés de type intercalant-aminothiol." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10016.
Full textKaafarani, Nizar. "Recherche de Chlamydia Trachomatis par amplification génique dans le sperme avant fécondation in vitro : une série de 103 couples." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR23015.
Full textCharvet, Michael. "Recherche de l'apparition du phénomène de multifragmentation dans le système 32S+27Al." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10065.
Full textMONTRADE, MARIE-PIERRE. "Recherche et identification de residus de -agonistes. Methodes d'analyse par chromatographie gazeuse couplee a la spectrometrie de masse. Etude d'une reaction specifique avec le n,n-dimethylformamide dimethylacetal." Nantes, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NANT2067.
Full textMeunier-Komosa, Nathalie. "Recherche moléculaire de Tropheryma Whippelii dans le liquide articulaire de patients affectés de rhumatismes inflammatoires inclassés." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR23015.
Full textBrun, Arnaud. "Recherche du virus d'Epstein-Barr dans le sang périphérique de patients greffés rénaux ou en attente de greffe." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P017.
Full textFixler, Noémie. "Recherche de nouveaux agents anticancéreux dérivés d'acridine et de benzo(b)(1,7)phénanthroline : synthèse et étude de réactivité." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10091.
Full textAuboeuf, Didier. "Recherche des mécanismes transcriptionnels impliqués dans les anomalies de l'expression de gènes dans le tissu adipeux chez les sujets diabétiques de type 2." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T147.
Full textChevalier, Jérémie. "Optimisation des routes de départ et d'arrivée aux approches des grands aéroports." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30092.
Full textThe bottleneck of today's airspace is the Terminal Maneuvering Areas (TMA), where aircraft leave their routes to descend to an airport or take off and reach the en-route sector. To avoid congestion in these areas, an efficient design of departure and arrival routes is necessary. In this work, a solution for designing departure and arrival routes is proposed, which takes into account the runway configuration, the surroundings of the airport and operational constraints such as limited slopes or turn angles. The routes consist of two parts: a horizontal path in a graph constructed by sampling the TMA around the runway, to which is associated a cone of altitudes. The set of all routes is optimized by the Simulated Annealing metaheuristic. In the process and at each iteration, each route is computed by defining adequately the cost of the arcs in the graph and then searching a path on it. The costs are chosen so as to avoid zigzag behaviors as much as possible. Several tests were performed, one on an artificial problem designed specifically to test this approach and the three others on instances taken from the literature. The obtained results are satisfying with regard to the current state of air operations management and constraints
Youssefi, Mohammad. "Recherche de nouvelles synthèses de sélénophosphonates : Préparation et étude de la réactivité d'ène-phosphoramides fonctionnels." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10105.
Full textStrogova, Polina. "Techniques de réécriture pour le traitement de problème de routage dans les graphes de Cayley." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10352.
Full textSellami, Bachir. "Afgar : un système à base de connaissance basé sur les objets pour l'Aide à la Fabrication des Grilles de service des Agents Roulants de la SNCF." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD556.
Full textOuafi, Rachid. "Analyse et contrôle des réseaux de trafic urbain par la méthode de Frank-Wolfe." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066453.
Full textMoukaddam, Mohamad. "Évolution de la structure en couches dans les noyaux de masse moyenne : Recherche de l'orbitale 2d5/2 neutron dans le 69Ni." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00746802.
Full textBellalouna, Monia. "Problèmes d'optimisation combinatoires probabilistes." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1993. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00568759.
Full textBeaucorps, Pierre de. "Planification de trajectoire dans un environnement peu contraint et fortement dynamique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS082.
Full textThis thesis studies the trajectory planning of an automated vehicle surrounded by fast moving obstacles in an unconstrained environment (i.e. with no clear lane markings). Two main approaches are proposed: compute a speed profile on a given path, or find a valid path starting from a hypothesis on the speed of the vehicle. The first approach consists of a dynamic adaptation of the speed of an automated vehicle driving in a semi-constrained environment and in the presence of other vehicles. A set of speed profile references is used. They must be compatible with the dynamics of the vehicle and also comfortable for the passengers. Quantitative validations have been conducted in simulation together with qualitative validations on an automated vehicle, which demonstrate the benefits of this planning strategy. In the second approach, the « Reachable Interaction Sets » (RIS) are introduced as a new framework that allows to plan the trajectory of a vehicle surrounded by dynamic obstacles which move faster. The approach removes the temporal aspect of the problem by using a hypothesis about the speed of the vehicle. The remaining problem can be solved out by a static path finding algorithm. Quantitative validations show the advantage of planning approachs based on this framework compared to other state-of-the-art planning strategies
Giusti, Delphine. "Pemphigoïde bulleuse et réaction inflammatoire : étude des polynucléaires éosinophiles et des pièges d'ADN extracellulaire Biomarkers related to bullous pemphigoid activity and outcome Eosinophil Cationic Protein (ECP), a predictive marker of bullous pemphigoid severity and outcome." Thesis, Reims, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REIMS044.
Full textBullous pemphigoid (BP) is a rare autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease which outcome cannot be predicted clinically. Eosinophils are the most represented cells in the inflammatory infiltrate, although their pathogenicity remains to be elucidated. These cells can release basic granule proteins either by degranulation or by ETosis, a phenomenon common to eosinophils and neutrophils during which cells form extracellular DNA traps. The objectives of this work were to investigate eosinophils involvement in BP pathogenesis, (i) by measuring serum and blister fluid levels of specific granule proteins regarding BP activity and outcome, and (ii) by analyzing extracellular DNA traps presence and conditions for their formation in BP environment. Elevated concentrations of eosinophil granule proteins in blood and skin lesions confirmed their activated state. Furthermore, we highlighted a relationship between the persistence of high eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) concentrations and the risk of relapse. At the lesional level, DNA traps were formed in situ preferentially by neutrophils despite eosinophil predominance. Although their presence at the edge of dermal-epidermal separation could not be related to clinical characteristics, we nevertheless showed ex vivo a link between serum ability to induce NET formation and disease activity. Finally, we identified differential roles of IL-17 and IL-23 in the induction of NET formation according to micro-environment. Therefore, our results stress the importance to establish an “inflammascore” to stratify patients according to their inflammatory environment in order to offer an adapted therapy
Contié, Sylvain. "La périostine, un nouveau biomarqueur des métastases osseuses : développement d’un immunodosage et évaluation préclinique." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10253/document.
Full textPeriostin is a matricellular protein preferentially expressed at sites subjected to mechanical constraints, including the periosteum, and in the stroma associated to several tumor types. We first aimed to evaluate the relevance of periostin as a biomarker of bone metabolism or stromal reaction in bone metastases. We developed the first ELISA for serum periostin in mouse with analytical characteristics (specificity, precision) that are in accordance with regulatory standards. This ELISA allowed us to specify further the involvement of periostin in bone metabolism and breast cancer bone metastases. Our in vitro and in vivo data suggested that periostin is a component of primary ossification rather than a direct index of bone remodeling, unlike conventional bone markers. In breast cancer bone metastases, we also showed that periostin is overexpressed by stromal cells associated with bone metastasis, in agreement with its localization in the stroma of primary tumors. Finally, using bioinformatics analyses of large datasets from various tumors in human, we confirmed the close relationship between periostin and the stromal reaction. Periostin and other co-expressed proteins could therefore constitute a set of biological markers of cancer progression, and/or appear as potential therapeutic targets
Mariaule, Gaëlle. "Accès original aux hétérocycles par la catalyse organométallique : développement de nouveaux inhibiteurs de kinases." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05P612/document.
Full textMy thesis proJect is organized around two main topics having in common organometallic chemistry and the synthesis of heterocycles.Firstly, we were interested in a methodology for the synthesis of tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]acridines. These compounds are synthesized in three steps from various quinolines. The key step is a cobalt-Catalyzed intramolecular Pauson-Khand reaction. Some compounds of this family exhibit selective Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs) inhibition, particulary against CDK2, in the submicromolar range. A hit compound has been identified, and then using data from co-Crystallization with CDK2 and molecular modeling, followed by the study of structure-Activity relationships, the rational design of a second generation of molecules has been investigated. The most advanced compound has an IC50 of 300 nM against CDK2/cyclin A with an excellent metabolic profile. In the second axis of research, we have studied and developed a new silver-Catalyzed tandem addition/cyclization reaction with carbon nucleophiles. The systems studied are (hetero)aromatics compounds having an aldehyde group and in ortho-Position an alkynyl group. The synthetic strategy leads to 1H-Isochromene derivatives by creating two new bonds. A thorough study of the tandem reaction allowed us to obtain a wide range of isochromene derivatives, highlighting the influence of different substituents carried by the alkyne group or on the (hetero)aromatic substrates; and also to investigate the use of different carbon nucleophiles (alkynes, aromatics and heteroaromatics). The limitations of the tandem reaction have also been identified
Plas, Aurélie. "Synthèse stéréosélective de bispidines : vers la conception de nouvelles molécules antalgiques." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00683624.
Full textBarbosa, Maria vanice Lacerda de Melo. "Modalização e polifonia no gênero resenha acadêmica:um olhar apreciativo sobre a voz da ciência." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8410.
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In order to building a spoken or written text, regardless of gender that it is being carried out, the speaker uses linguistic features such as semantic-argumentative strategies intending to guide the interlocutor to certain conclusions. The modalization and polyphony, accordingly, are phenomena that allow the speaker to leave printed his subjectivity in the content of the statements, while acting according to his interlocutor. Focusing in these discussions, this investigation aims to show that modalization and polyphony reveal, linguistically, subjectivity in the digest genre, acting therefore as argumentation features. It is a qualitative research, descriptive and interpretative, which adopts the theoretical and methodological principles of Argumentative Semantics. The corpus consists of ten digests collected in six editions of the Jornal de Resenhas, of the Discurso Editorial, ISSN 1984-6282, published in 2009, 2010 and 2012. The theoretical discussions concerning the Argumentation Theory of Language have based in Ducrot (1994, 1987, 1988), Espíndola (2004), Nascimento (2005, 2009), Koch (2006a, 2006b) and others arguing about the theory approach. The modalization is discussed under the postulates of Castilho and Castilho (1993), Koch (2006b), Cervoni (1989), Nascimento (2009), Neves (2011a), Palmer (2011) and García Negroni (2011). Besides, it was used as theoretical basis, Foucault (2011), Bakhtin (2010a, 2010b), Marcuschi (2008) and others to the formulations about the digest genre. The analysis reveals that digesters use modalization and the polyphony of speakers as phenomena that ultimately report the speakers‟ subjectivity in relation to the view of the voices of other speakers, that is, as a discursive strategy that guides the way the text of the digest should be read. Thus, the gender digest is defined as a place of interaction of voices and subjective impressions through which the speaker summarizes praises, criticizes and evaluates the most diverse academic intellectual productions.
Pour construire un texte parlé ou écrit, indépendamment du genre qui réalise, le locuteur utilise des fonctionnalités linguistiques comme les stratégies sémantiques argumentatif afin de guider les appelants à certaines conclusions. La modalisation et la polyphonie, en conséquence, sont des phénomènes qui permettent au locuteur laisser imprimé sa subjectivité dans le contenu des déclarations, tout en agissant en fonction de son interlocuteur. Avec l'accent dans ces discussions, cette recherche vise à ètidier les annonceurs de modalité et de la polyphonie, comme des phénomènes qui révèlent, linguistiquement, la subjectivité dans le genre compte-rendu, s‟agissant, de cette manière, comme des marques d'argumentation. Il est une recherche qualitative, descriptive et interprétative, qui adopte les principes théoriques et méthodologiques de la sémantique argumentative. Le corpus se compose de dix comptes-rendus dans six éditions du Jornal de Resenhas, imprimés par Discurso Editorial, ISSN 1984-6282, publiés en 2009, 2010 et 2012. Pour les discussions théoriques en concernant a la Théorie de L'argumentation de la Langue, nous fundamentons-nous en Ducrot (1994, 1987, 1988), Espíndola (2004), Nascimento (2005, 2009), Koch (2006a, 2006b) et d'autres qui discutent à propos de l'approche de la théorie. La modalisation est discuté sous les postulats de Castilho et Castilho (1993), Koch (2006b), Cervoni (1989), Nascimeto (2009), Neves (2011a), Palmer (2011) et García Negroni (2011). Et on utilise encore comme une base théorique, Foucault (2011), Bakhtin (2010a, 2010b), Marcuschi (2008) et d'autres pour les formulations sur la révision de genre. L'analyse révèle que les examinateurs utilisent la modalisation et la polyphonie des haut-parleurs comme des phénomènes qui relèvent finalement la subjectivité des intervenants des examens par rapport à la vue de la voix des autres orateurs, qui est, comme une stratégie qui guide discoursivement le chemin du texte de comme l'avis doit être lu. Le genre compte-rendu, dans cette recherche est considérée comme un lieu d'interaction des voix et impressions subjectives ainsi à travers laquelle l'orateur résume louanges, critique et évalue plus diverses productions intellectuelles academiques.
Ao construir um texto falado ou escrito, independente do gênero que o realize, o locutor se utiliza de recursos linguísticos como estratégias semântico-argumentativas com a finalidade de orientar o interlocutor para determinadas conclusões. A modalização e a polifonia, nesse sentido, são fenômenos que possibilitam ao locutor deixar impressa a sua subjetividade no conteúdo dos enunciados, ao mesmo tempo em que age em função de seu interlocutor. Com o foco nessa discussão, esta pesquisa objetiva investigar a modalização e a polifonia de locutores como fenômenos que revelam, linguisticamente, a subjetividade no gênero resenha acadêmico-científica, funcionando, portanto, como marcas de argumentação. Trata-se de uma investigação qualitativa, de caráter descritivo e interpretativista, que adota os princípios teórico-metodológicos da Semântica Argumentativa. O corpus é constituído de dez resenhas, coletadas em seis edições do Jornal de Resenhas, da Discurso Editorial, ISSN 1984-6282, publicadas nos anos de 2009, 2010 e 2012. Para as discussões teóricas concernentes à Teoria da Argumentação na Língua, embasamo-nos em Ducrot (1994, 1987, 1988), Espíndola (2004), Nascimento (2005, 2009), Koch (2006a, 2006b) entre outros que discutem a respeito da teoria em abordagem. A modalização é discutida sob os postulados de Castilho e Castilho (1993), Koch (2006b), Cervoni (1989), Nascimento (2009), Neves (2011a), Palmer (2011) e García Negroni (2011). Ainda servem de embasamento teórico, Foucault (2011), Bakhtin (2010a, 2010b), Marcuschi (2008) e outros, para as formulações acerca do gênero textual resenha. As análises revelam que os resenhistas utilizam a modalização e a polifonia de locutores como fenômenos que acabam por denunciar a subjetividade dos locutores das resenhas em relação ao ponto de vista das vozes de outros locutores, ou seja, como uma estratégia que orienta discursivamente a forma como o texto da resenha deve ser lido. O gênero resenha, nesta investigação, é visto como um lugar de interação de vozes e, portanto, de impressões subjetivas, através do qual o locutor resume, elogia, critica e avalia as mais diversas produções intelectuais acadêmicas.
Shakour, Marc. "Conception et implémentation d'un algorithme de planification de chemin dans un jeu vidéo comportant un environnement triangularisé." Mémoire, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5060/1/M12641.pdf.
Full textDayarian, Iman. "Tactical Vehicle Routing Planning with Application to Milk Collection and Distribution." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10802.
Full textMany practical problems arising in real-world applications in the field of logistics can be modeled as vehicle routing problems (VRP). In broad terms, VRPs deal with designing optimal routes for delivering goods or services to a number of geographically scattered customers in a context in which, routing costs are minimized. Depending on the type of problem, one or several depots may be present. Routing problems are among the most difficult combinatorial optimization problems. In this dissertation we study a special combinatorial optimization problem, belonging to the class of the vehicle routing problem that is strongly linked to the context of the transportation networks. We introduce a new problem setting, which is mainly inspired by the activities of collecting milk from production farms and distributing the collected product to processing plants in Quebec. Two different variants of this problem setting are considered. The first variant seeks a tactical routing plan for the milk collection-distribution problem over a given planning horizon assuming that the production level over the considered horizon is fixed. The second variant aims to provide a more accurate plan by taking into account potential variations in terms of production level, which may occur during the course of a horizon. This thesis is cast into three main parts, as follows: In the first part, we describe an exact algorithm for the first variant of the problem, which is characterized by the presence of time windows, multiple depots, and a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles, where the objective is to minimize the routing cost. To this end, the problem is modeled as a multi-attribute vehicle routing problem. The exact algorithm proposed is based on the column generation approach, coupled with an elementary shortest path algorithm with resource constraints. In the second part, we design an exact framework to address the second variant of the problem. To this end, the problem is modeled as a multi-period vehicle routing problem, which explicitly takes into account potential production level variations over a horizon. New strategies are proposed to tackle the particular structure of the multi-period elementary shortest path algorithm with resource constraints. To solve realistic instances of the second variant of the problem in reasonable computation times, a heuristic approach is required. In the third part of this thesis, we propose an adaptive large neighborhood search, where various new exploration and exploitation strategies are proposed to improve the performance of the algorithm in terms of solution quality and computational efficiency.