Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Récepteur lectine'
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Gouget, Anne. "Etude fonctionnelle d'un récepteur lectine kinase (LecRK79) potentiel partenaire dans les contacts paroi-plasmalemme chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30285.
Full textPlasma membrane – cell wall contacts in A. Thaliana are disrupted by addition of RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) containing peptides or proteins. Here we show that the extracellular legume-lectin domain of LecRK79, a receptor kinase, is able to interact with RGD- or RGE-containing peptides or proteins: the RGD motif of IPI-O, a protein from Phytophthora infestans, is also recognized. A strong expression of LecRK79 was observed in roots: apex and stele of apical and lateral roots, primordia, adventive roots. LecRK79 knock-out plants revealed that the endodermis layer splits into two rows of cells starting at the apex of apical and lateral roots. The induction of LecRK79 expression was detected in response to avirulent strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato. Altogether, our results indicate that LecRK79 is able to mediate protein-protein interactions to possibly establish plasma membrane – cell wall contacts. They suggest LecRK79 is involved in root development and in plant-pathogen interactions. .
Sutkeviciute, Ieva. "Développement de glycomimétiques antagonistes du récepteur lectine de type C, DC-SIGN : une nouvelle stratégie préventive anti-HIV." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00819832.
Full textBellande, Kévin. "Étude fonctionnelle d'un récepteur lectine kinase, LecRK-I.9 : un contrôle de la dynamique des parois chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30213.
Full textCell walls are complex structures of cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and proteins secreted by the cell, so setting up a rigid and continuous structure within the tissue of plants. Cell walls are dynamic structures that are continuously modified in the course of development and in response to environmental cues: cell wall proteins play a primarily role by assembling and remodelling polysaccharides, and by participating to cell signalling. In particular, cell walls are designed to handle turgor pressure, the driving force of cell elongation: the loosening of polysaccharide networks, the addition of new components and stiffening should be tightly coordinated to maintain the cell wall structures. A sensory complex to monitor the cell wall status should provide this coordination in an effective manner. We are interested in an Arabidopsis thaliana lectin receptor kinase (LecRK-I.9) with a Legume lectin-type extracellular domain. It is hypothesized that LecRK-I.9 is part of a cell wall surveillance system. The questions asked in this work are: (i) in which developmental processes is LecRK-I.9 involved? (ii) what are the regulations targeted by LecRK-I.9? (iii) what are the ligands for LecRK-I.9? LecRK-I.9 expression was primarily found in root tissues and, LecRK-I.9 was shown to be involved in the processes of adventitious and lateral root initiation and emergence. Both processes require large cell wall remodelling. LecRK-I.9 was defined as a negative regulator of the processes. Indeed, the cell wall peptides CEP are early regulators of lateral root initiation: genes encoding CEP were up-regulated in lecrk-I.9 seedlings. In the same way, genes encoding cell wall remodelling enzymes working together for cell wall loosening are also up-regulated. Finally, lecrk-I.9 seedlings showed modified cell walls in their polysaccharide content. Cellulose biosynthesis inhibition was employed to impair the cell wall structures. In particular, jasmonic acid (JA)- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)- mediated signalling may regulate ectopic lignin deposits in root apices induced by cell wall damage. LecRK-I.9 was shown to control the JA levels during the process of ectopic lignin deposition. Moreover, through JA tuning, LecRK-I.9 regulates the expression of genes encoding cell wall proteins and peptides, but also proteins for detoxifying ROS. Our results suggest that LecRK-I.9 regulates cell wall dynamics in roots by targeting JA levels, ROS homeostasis and remodelling enzymes for polysaccharides. Future prospects include relationships between cell wall composition and mineral nutrition for iron. Indeed, lecrk-I.9 seedlings showed an enhanced accumulation of iron in cell walls. Finally, LecRK-I.9 was found to be associated to Hechtian strands particularly in the cell wall anchor points. Interactions between lectin domains and cell wall polysaccharides are currently searched using glycoarrays for cell wall polysaccharides: LecRK-I.9 could be the linker to establish a physical connection between cell wall and plasma membrane
Jacquemin, Godefroy. "Implication des monocytes-macrophages dans le développement de l'inflammation colique et de la carcinose péritonéale d'origine colorectale : rôle des récepteurs lectine de type-c et des récepteurs nucléaires PPARy et LRH-1." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30277.
Full textInvolvement of monocytes/macrophages in the development of colonic inflammation and peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin: Role of C-type lectin receptors and nuclear receptors PPARγ and LRH-1.Monocytes and macrophages, key cells of innate immunity, express a large panel of membrane and nuclear receptors allowing them to modulate their phenotypes and functions in response to environmental stimuli. Due to this cellular adaptability, monocytes/macrophages control the innate and adaptive immune responses. Thus, these cells play a central role in the development of many pathologies, and consequently, represent relevant therapeutic targets. In this work, we first focused on the role of macrophage C-type lectin receptors in the control of colonic inflammation. We show, using two mouse models specifically invalidated for Dectin-1 and mannose receptor (MR) in the myeloid lineage, that Dectin-1 participates in the development of intestinal inflammation, whereas MR prevents it. Indeed, in a DSS (Dextran Sodium Sulfate)-induced colitis model, the Dectin-1 receptor on macrophages induces an increase in the recruitment of inflammatory monocytes in the colon in a CCL2-dependent manner. We also demonstrate that Dectin-1 is involved in the polarization of colonic macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Indeed, Dectin-1 promotes the synthesis of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) which, in turn, induces the secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). These results highlight the involvement of the Dectin-1/CCL2/LTB4/IL-1β axis in the development of colonic inflammation and conversely assign a protective role to MR in this context. These data were correlated with an increase in Dectin-1 expression and a decrease in MR expression in the colon of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. This work is published in Cell Reports 2020: Divergent Roles for Macrophage C-type Lectin Receptors, Dectin-1 and Mannose Receptors, in the Intestinal Inflammatory Response. Cell Rep. 30, 4386-4398.e5In a second step, we investigated the roles of the nuclear receptors PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) and LRH-1 (Liver receptor homolog-1) of macrophages in the development of peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin (PCR). We have demonstrated for the first time, using two mouse models deleted for LRH-1 or PPARγ specifically in the myeloid lineage, that these nuclear receptors play a major role in the differentiation of myeloid precursors into myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) during PCR. Indeed, the absence of LRH-1 and PPARγ in myeloid cells inhibits MDSC differentiation and promotes the reactivation of the anti-tumor immune system. Associated with this immune reactivation, the mice show a strong decrease in tumor burden, identifying LRH-1 and PPARγ as novel therapeutic targets capable of removing immunosuppression. Using an in vitro model of MDSC differentiation, we demonstrated the interdependence of LRH-1 and PPARγ in MDSC differentiation via the activation of the LRH-1/15-HETE/PPARγ axis. In parallel, we demonstrated the ability of an LRH-1 inverse agonist (ML-180) to inhibit PCR development, MDSC differentiation and colon tumor cell proliferation. This work identifies the nuclear receptor LRH-1 as a key element in PCR progression and opens new therapeutic perspectives allowing both to remove immunosuppression by blocking MDSC differentiation and to directly inhibit colon tumor cell proliferation. This work is in progress
Blot, Lauriane. "Rôle de CLEC12B dans l'immunité de la peau." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. https://intranet-theses.unice.fr/2023COAZ6034.
Full textCLEC12B was first identified as an inhibitory receptor on myeloid cells that counteracts NK cells-mediated cytotoxicity. CLEC12B is a C-type Lectin Receptor (CLR) which possesses an ITIM domain, but ligand and downstream signaling are largely unknown. Over the past 30 years, an antigen-presenting function of melanocytes has emerged due to their dendritic nature, their strategic position in the skin and their phagocytic capacity. In a vitiligo context, our team has shown that CXCR3B activation, the receptor for immune chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11, induces apoptosis of cultured human melanocytes. The remaining melanocytes, activated by the IFNγ production, express co-stimulatory markers which trigger T cell proliferation and subsequent anti-melanocytic immunity. Recent results from our team have shown that CLEC12B is mainly expressed in human melanocytes and plays an important role in the regulation of skin pigmentation, but also in melanoma proliferation.In this project, we set out to determine the role of CLEC12B in skin immunity using primary human melanocytes from healthy donors. We demonstrate that CLEC12B is critical in production of IFNγ and innate chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 by melanocytes, as shown by our regulation of CLEC12B expression using silencing or overexpression techniques. This regulation was driven by the phosphorylation of CLEC12B's ITIM domain as shown using CLEC12B mutated form of the gene. Furthermore, not only can CLEC12B drive melanocyte chemokine production, but it is also capable of directly increase chemoattraction of immune cells in the skin and therefore trigger a long-term adaptative immunity. From a signaling point of view, we show that CLEC12B modulates IFNγ signaling pathway through the STAT1/IRF1 axis. Moreover, CLEC12B potentiates the effect of IFNγ in primed melanocytes, thus inducing a larger production of innate chemokines and subsequent greater chemoattraction of immune cells. In addition, we have demonstrated that CLEC12B directly interacts with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and modulates an innate immune response against these opportunistic bacteria found on the skin through the STAT1/IRF1/CXCL9 axis. Finally, we have shown that CLEC12B senses motifs present on melanocytes, fibroblasts, and both pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages, but its exact ligand(s) still remains to be identified. Together, these results demonstrate that CLEC12B is an important player in innate skin immunity by modulating the production of IFNγ and immune chemokines, and in adaptative immunity by modulating the migration ability of immune cells through the phosphorylation of its ITIM domain. This mechanism is of great interest as IFNγ and cellular recruitment are key initial steps involved in inflammation of many skin pathologies, making this receptor an interesting therapeutic target for the treatment of infectious diseases, inflammatory and pigmentary skin disorders, as well as cancer; all which may be able to be directly immuneregulated by CLEC12B on melanocytes. This exciting novel prospect remains to be tested in future studies
Cedile, Oriane. "Expression physiologique et pathologique dans le SNC adulte de Rae-1, ligand du récepteur activateur NKG2D exprimé par les cellules NK potentiellement régulatrices dans l'EAE." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20683.
Full textBulteau, François. "Ciblage in vivo des tumeurs via l'antigène Tn : Développement d'un cluster de Macrophage Galactose Lectine Human Macrophage Galactose-Type Lectin (MGL) Recognizes the Outer Core of Escherichia coli Lipooligosaccharide." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALV048.
Full textAll cells, whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic, have a rich and diversified external glycosylation layer, forming the immediate dominant face in relation to their environment. They result from complex enzymatic processes linking sugars to each other and to proteins or lipids. Variations of the "glycome" can appear in certain pathologies. Cancers are the most frequent pathologies with abnormalities in these glycosylations. These alterations are almost systematic on the surface of cancer cells. Among them, the Thomsen-new antigen (Tn), an N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) on a serine or threonine, is strongly expressed in 90% of mammary carcinomas as well as in cancers of the bladder, cervix, ovary, colon, stomach and prostate. The ubiquitous presence of the Tn antigen in many cancers, combined with its absence in healthy cells, makes it a target of choice for targeted therapy or synthetic anti-tumor vaccines. No antibody targeting the Tn antigen is currently available because of the difficulty in developing an antibody with such specificity. Thus, we were interested in an alternative targeting strategy, based on the use of a molecule capable of recognizing the Tn antigen. C-Type lectins are a family of proteins capable of specifically and reversibly binding to certain carbohydrates in the presence of calcium. Macrophage galactose lectin (MGL) is a C-type lectin with a high affinity for GalNac and its derivatives such as the Tn antigen. This work consisted, initially, in the use of a soluble recombinant form of MGL to validate the potential of this tool for the targeting of cancer cells. The different experiments, in vitro and in vivo, involving MGL, demonstrated the latter's ability to specifically target human tumors via the Tn antigen. The extracellular portion of MGL is therefore a very good vector candidate for the diagnosis and imaging of human tumors and potentially for drug delivery. In a second step, various strategies for the development of a bifunctional tool exploiting this lectin were explored. The goal was to create a peptide platform that could be functionalized on one hand with several lectin domains, in order to control recognition affinity, and on the other hand with functional groups that could be variable according to the application (diagnostic, therapeutic, ...). The different coupling strategies employed allowed us to attach several lectin CRDs to a peptide support, while preserving the three-dimensional and functional state of the proteins. The characterizations carried out show a significant increase in affinity directly related to the number of lectins added to the platform. This work paves the way to new customizable sugar-targeting systems
Gohier, Arnaud. "Facettes de modélisation moléculaire, application à : étude des interactions lectines de légumineuses-glucides, méthodologie de construction des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G : études des interactions hydrophiles/hydrophobes des hélices de la bactériorhodopsine : étude structure-activité sur des ligands du récepteur kappa opiacé." Grenoble 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10183.
Full textMusset, Murielle. "Nature des récepteurs (intégrines et lectines) et des signaux de transduction impliqués dans l'adhérence des cellules Hep G2." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05S018.
Full textNiveau, Camille. "Impact des glycans tumoraux sur les propriétés phénotypiques, fonctionnelles et métaboliques des cellules dendritiques (cDC2, pDC, cDC1) humaines en contexte de mélanome." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALV022.
Full textDendritic cells (DCs), mostly consisting of BDCA1+ cDC2s, BDCA3+ cDC1s, and BDCA2+ pDCs are the conductors of immune responses. Their plasticity plays a crucial role in the orientation of immune responses, especially in the context of cancer. However, escape from immune surveillance is a key step for tumor development. In the context of melanoma, tumor-infiltrating and circulating DCs harbor an altered functionality, negatively linked with the clinical outcome of patients. The mechanisms employed by melanoma to modulate immunity are only partially deciphered. Immuno-metabolism emerges as a decisive factor for the orientation of immune responses in cancer. In parallel, tumor cells display aberrant glycans on surface protein and lipids that can be recognized by lectin receptors, expressed by DCs. Among them, C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are crucial for DCs’ plasticity and the modeling of immune responses, and their expression is perturbed on DCs from melanoma patients. In addition, the tumor cells’ glycocode correlates with DC function and clinical outcome of patients. Nevertheless, influence of the various glycosylation motifs on immunity remains unknown in melanoma.We investigated the interactions of DC subsets with six glycans present on the surface of melanoma tumor cells (Gal, Man, GalNAc, s-Tn, Fuc, GlcNAc). We analyzed the effect of these glycans on the phenotype (activation status, immune checkpoints (ICP)), and the function (cytokines/chemokines) of DCs. In order to better understand DCs dysregulation in melanoma, we explored their metabolism among patients thanks to the SCENITH technique, and analyzed the correlation with their phenotype, their function and the clinical outcome of patients. We also assessed the impact of tumor cells and their glycocode on DCs’ metabolism, and we evaluated the possibility to modulate metabolic pathways with the aim of reverting the impact of glycans on DCs’ function.DCs are able to interact with and to internalize the studied glycans, at different intensities according to the DC subset and to the nature of the glycan. Fucose induces a remodeling of ICP expression and increases activation molecules, in addition to trigger the secretion of pro-inflammatory and pro-tumoral cytokines/chemokines. After activation, DC’s secretome is completely reshaped by glycan exposure, particularly with fucose. In parallel, we highlight major metabolic disturbances in DCs from patients’ blood and tumor compared to healthy donors. The expression of activation markers and ICPs by DCs as well as the clinical outcome of patients are linked with the metabolic profile of DCs. Moreover, DCs’ metabolism in co-culture with melanoma cells correlates with the expression of particular tumor glycans. Coherently, the studied glycans directly modulate DCs’ metabolism in addition to their phenotype and function. The blockade of the MCT-1 lactate transporter allows restoring DCs’ function altered by glycans.This study unveils the importance of glycan motifs in the modulation and regulation of DCs. The glycan-lectin-DC axis emerges as a new immune checkpoint in melanoma, linked with metabolism, and which could enable the restoration of anti-tumor immunity by preventing DC-glycan interactions or by acting on their metabolism. This axis opens the way for the development of new therapeutic strategies with the aim of improving clinical success for melanoma patients
Lajaunias, Frédéric. "Rôle de CD22 et son ligand dans le lupus érythémateux disséminé." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077214.
Full textWilczewski, Marie. "Les interactions multivalentes : leurs rôles dans les processus de reconnaissance biomoléculaire et leur application dans la construction d'assemblage supramoléculaire." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10253.
Full textThis work deals with a quantitative study of several biomolecular recognition systems involving multivalent interactions. Two chapters focuse on the use of supramolecular cyclodecapeptidic platform called RAFT (Regioselectively Addressable Functionnalized Template), which allows the presentation of multiple carbohydrate or cyclopeptidic ligands. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of the interaction between the ligands RAFT-carbohydrate and a model lectin, concanavalin A, have demonstrated that two molecular mechanisms are responsible for the better affinity of multivalent RAFT molecule compared to their monovalent counterparts: on one hand a "proximity-statistical" effect due to the high local concentration of sugar entities and on the other hand thanks to a "cluster effect" which confers the ability of multivalent RAFT to bind several lectins. Preliminary studies have also involved the analysis of the interaction between RAFT-RGD and integrin cell receptors. In a last chapter, we have demonstrated, for the first time, polymer multilayer formation based on host-guest interaction between two derivatized chitosans biopolymers, one, with -cyclodextrin cavities and the other with adamantyl moieties. While stability of the self-assembly is conferred by multivalent complexation occuring at each step of the construction, the assembly growth is mainly governed by the availability of the complexation sites offered by each layer. Moreover, the two positively charged polymers confer to the assembly swelling/deswelling properties in response to changes in ionic strength and pH
Wilczewski, Marie. "Les interactions multivalentes : leurs rôles dans les processus de reconnaissance biomoléculaire et leur application dans la construction d'assemblage supramoléculaire." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00196867.
Full textDeux chapitres sont axés sur l'utilisation de plateformes supramoléculaires cyclodécapeptidiques appelées RAFT (Regioselectively Adressable Functionnalized Template) permettant la présentation multiple de ligand saccharidique ou cyclopeptidique. Une étude cinétique et thermodynamique des interactions entre les ligands RAFT-saccharide et une lectine modèle, la concanavaline A, a permis de démontrer que deux mécanismes moléculaires sont à l'origine de la meilleure affinité des RAFT multivalents par rapport à leurs homologues monovalents : d'une part un effet de « proximité-statistique » dû à la concentration locale élevée en motif sucre et d'autre part la capacité des RAFT multivalents à se lier à plusieurs lectines selon un effet « cluster ». Des études préliminaires ont également concerné l'analyse de l'interaction entre RAFT-RGD et des récepteurs cellulaires.
Dans un dernier chapitre, nous avons démontré, pour la première fois, la formation de films multicouches grâce à des interactions de type hôte-invité entre deux biopolymères de chitosane, l'un fonctionnalisés par des cavités Β-cyclodextrine et l'autre par des entités adamantane. Bien que la stabilité de l'assemblage soit assurée par des interactions de complexation multivalentes, la croissance de l'assemblage, quant à elle, dépend de la disponibilité des sites de complexation offerts par chacune des couches. De plus, les deux polymères chargés positivement confèrent à l'assemblage des propriétés de gonflement-dégonflement en réponse à des variations de force ionique et pH.
Fournier, Nathalie. "Les familles de récepteurs à ITAM et à ITIM : caractérisation des molécules DCIR et FDF03 exprimées par les cellules dendritiques humaines." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T009.
Full textAchilli, Silvia. "Production recombinante de récepteurs lectines de type C et identification de ligands sélectif : de nouveaux outils pour la modulation du système immunitaire." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV014/document.
Full textC-type Lectin Receptors (CLRs) are carbohydrate-binding proteins mainly expressed on Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs), including dendritic Cells (DCs), the sentinel of the innate immune system. They recognize pathogens or damaged cells by interacting with glycan features and the encounter between the CLR and its ligand constitutes a necessary step for the activation of the adaptive immune system. This crucial role played by CLRs in the balance of immune responses offers to CLR-glycan interactions pharmaceutical applications. The long-term objective of the research project in which this PhD is included is to use these CLRs as modulators in order to tailor the immune system responses. To do so, neoglyco-conjugates selective to each individual CLR have to be developed.Nine different CLRs were produced in this work: BDCA2, DC-SIGN, DC-SIGNR, dectin-1, dectin-2, langerin, LSECtin, MCL and Mincle.Several approaches have been explored in parallel for CLR production, ranking from bacterial periplasmic targeting, aiming to express soluble and functional protein, to inclusion bodies production into the bacterial cytoplasm, with subsequent protein refolding. Our collection of CLRs were used to screen glycan and glycomimetic arrays, highlighting context-dependent binding and identifying natural ligands or glycomimetics selective to each CLRs. Thus, several CLRs were surprisingly able to differentiate between positional isomers of a given N-Glycan, which opens new questions regarding the biological significance. Moreover, glycomimetics with a selectivity towards dectin-2 over DC-SIGN, DC-SIGNR and langerin CLRs have been identified.To guide the choice of the glycomimetics and estimate their optimisation, diverse biophysical studies were performed to evaluate the strength and specificity of the interaction. This enabled the development of an ultimate ligand selective towards DC-SIGN. A co-crystallised structure of the protein with this ligand revealed an interesting binding mode that also opens new questions.Simultaneously to monovalent ligand optimization, a first step towards the design of a highly defined molecule for cancer vaccination by CLR targeting was made. SPR results revealed potential candidates to exploit and preliminary biological assays were performed. Finally, a strategy for tetrameric lectin engineering as been explored, termed TETRALEC. This tool for screening and lectin characterization, has been obtained with one the lectin of the study, DC-SIGNR, by a site-specific labelling of the lectin. The TETRALEC complex was structurally characterised and functional assays were performed on glycan array and pathogen cells
Ilias, Wassila. "Etude des mécanismes d'expression des ligands de NKG2D lors des syndromes lymphoprolifératifs." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ051.
Full textTumor cell’s uncontrolled proliferation induces an accumulation of genetic aberrations. In response to this genotoxic stress, most cells in transformation express NKG2D ligands (not expressed on resting cells), including MICA and MICB, which are non-conventional MHC class I molecules that could induce a cytotoxic T and NK response against the transformed cell. In chronic lymphoproliferative conditions, leukemogenic mechanisms rely in part on antigenic stimulations and/or activation of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) pathways that induce cell proliferation. My thesis aims at studying : (i) the induction of MICA/B expression during lymphocyte proliferation and (ii) the mechanisms inducing this expression and their relationship with the DNA damage/repair pathways.I did generate BCR activation conditions to obtain B cells proliferation from healthy control individuals and from patients suffreing from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most common leukemia in adults. MICA and MICB expression was assessed by quantitative PCR, flow cytometry, Western blotting and ELISA after activation of B-cell proliferation. The different signaling pathways downstream BCR were analyzed, as were the kinetics of the DNA damage during this process. The results show that MICA/B aren’t expressed on cell surface of B cells from healthy control individuals or CLL patients before activation. Lymphoproliferative stimulation however up-regulates both MICA mRNA and surface protein in these same cells. This expression was induced by several BCR and by JAK/STAT pathways and seems to be indpendant of DNA damage. In conclusion, antigen receptor activation that induces lymphocyte proliferation also induces MICA expression (but not MICB) on B cells surface from healthy control individuals and this expression capacity is conserved in B cells from patients suffering from CLL. These results suggest that MICA may play a crucial role in the early stages of anti-proliferative immunity, which opens the avenue for therapeutic interventions
Valladeau, Jenny. "Caractérisation de récepteurs d'endocytose exprimés par les cellules dendritiques humaines et identification de la molécule Langerine." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T062.
Full textPorkolab, Vanessa. "Développement de ligands multivalents de nature glycomimétiques dirigés contre les récepteurs lectines de type-C." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV013/document.
Full textThe innate and acquired immunity components work together to provide efficient protection of organisms. Dendritic cells, sentinel cells of the immunity, are able to capture pathogens through their receptors on the surface and they can present the antigens to lymphocytes T in order to stimulate specific adaptive immune responses. Among these receptors, there is a family named C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), which has an important role in the recognition of pathogenic oligosaccharide motifs. CLRs can be hijacked by many pathogens including HIV. DC-SIGN, one of the CLRs, interacts with the virus and promotes its dissemination. Unlike DC-SIGN, langerin, another CLR, has a protective role against the HIV infection. In this context, DC-SIGN became a promising therapeutic target but it shares ligand specificities with langerin.This work aims to develop highly specific antagonists against DC-SIGN in order to compete with the multivalent glycosylated gp120 protein of HIV. Using the study of the two lectins binding sites as starting point, a rational approach has been exploited to develop highly selective glycomimetics against DC SIGN. The SPR technique was used to investigate multivalent platforms with different valencies as well as ligand presentation in space. The amazing improvement of the affinity observed in some cases can be linked to different mechanisms of multivalent interactions, leading to an avidity phenomenon. On a selected scaffold (RODs), we characterized the different mechanisms responsible for the affinity and/or avidity gains, using a combination of different biophysical techniques (SPR, ITC, fluorescence polarization, AUC). In this work, we highlighted that the topology of this structure can influence the mechanisms of interactions. Overall, different multivalent ligands showed unique affinities for DC-SIGN, reaching the nanomolar affinity range, and they represent the best inhibitors to date.Finally, another CLR has been recently identified as one of the protein involved in the HIV infection as well as DC-SIGN. In a future perspective of glycomimetic development, structural and functional characterization has been done on this new actor involved in the HIV issue
Choteau, Laura. "Le rôle de la Mannose-binding lectin dans l'homéostasie intestinale et dans l'élimination de Candida albicans." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S006/document.
Full textCrohn’s disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by a dysregulation of the inflammatory response caused by dysbiosis and immune system disorders. Mannose Binding Lectin (MBL) and Toll like receptors (TLR) are involved in recognition of microorganisms and inflammatory response. They can recognize different patterns on the surface of the pathogens including Candida albicans. This pathogenic yeast is an immunogen for anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody (ASCA), diagnostic marker of CD. An association between MBL-deficiency and ASCA is observed in CD, and this MBL deficiency is frequently associated with a severe clinical phenotype of CD. In addition to MBL, TLR2, which forms heterodimers with either TLR1 or TLR6, have a major role in the innate immune defense against C. albicans and promotes intestinal homeostasis. In this project, we studied the role of MBL, TLR1, TLR2, and TLR6 in intestinal homeostasis and elimination of C. albicans in the intestinal tract. In the first part this study; we assessed the effect of either MBL or TLR deficiencies on C. albicans colonization and intestinal inflammation in a murine model. In the second part of this study, we assessed the role of MBL polymorphisms in the modulation of MBL level and activity in CD patients.In murin model, we showed that MBL is locally produced by the epithelial cells in response to C. albicans sensing and to intestinal inflammation and this lectin is required for the intestinal homeostasis. MBL-deficient mice had a higher level of colonization than wild-type mice. DSS-induced colitis promoted a high C. albicans colonization and dissemination to the kidneys and lungs of MBL-deficient mice. MBL-deficient mice exhibited reduced expression of Il-1β and IL-6 and elevated expression of IL-17, IL-23, dectin-1 and TLR-4. In terms of mice deficient in TLRs, DSS treatment and C. albicans oral challenge induced greater weight loss, worse clinical signs of inflammation, higher histopathologic scores, and increased mortality rates in TLR1-/- and TLR2-/- mice when compared to TLR6-/- and wild-type mice. Cytokine expression (TNF, IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-17A) was significantly increased in TLR1-/- and TLR2-/- mice, while they were decreased in TLR6-/- mice. In addition to the experimental studies, we observed in the clinical cohort of CD patients that MBL2 variant rs5030737 (codon 52) was associated with a low level of MBL that leads to impaired MBL-MASP functional activities in both CD patients and healthy subjects. Furthermore, this variant was also associated with a higher level of ASCA in CD patients (p<0.05). Increased ASCA levels were found in CD patients with stricture formation and penetrating disease complications, 42% and 21% respectively. Besides, we observed that NOD2 variant rs2066844, associated with susceptibility to CD, is significantly correlated with the impairment of the functional activity of MBL-MASP complex.Overall, this study emphasizes the role of MBL and TLR in intestinal homeostasis and host defense against C. albicans and shows for the first time that MBL could be produced locally in the intestinal epithelial cells in response to C. albicans sensing. In terms of the clinical study, we observed that CD patients with a severe clinical phenotype have an impairment in MBL-MASP functional activity, and that this defect is associated with MBL2 and NOD2 polymorphisms These experimental studies contribute to understand the link between innate immunity receptors, Crohn’s disease and fungal colonization/infection. Finally, this study leads to new objectives which are to study the link between intestinal microbiota and MBL variation in Crohn’s disease patients
Truong-Maurice, Tu-anh Marie-José. "Les molécules fixant l'IgE et leur implication dans les fonctions effectrices des polynucléaires éosinophiles et neutrophiles." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10101.
Full textSeignole, Didier. "Contribution à l'étude des récepteurs responsables de l'adhésion des Escherichia coli K88 et K99 à l'épithélium intestinal de porcelet." Limoges, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIMO0215.
Full textLucas, Hervé. "Etude des glycoprotéines pellucidaires fucosylées et de leurs récepteurs spermatiques." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05CD12.
Full textGrange, Philippe. "Les récepteurs intestinaux des ECET K88 dans l'espèce porcine : caractérisation d'une glycoprotéine reconnue par la lectine K88ab." Limoges, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIMO0008.
Full textPitarque, Sylvain. "Bases moléculaires de la liaison des mycobactéries au récepteur DC-SIGN." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30220.
Full textM. Tuberculosis binds to dendritic cells through a C-type lectin (DC-SIGN: dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3 Grabbing Non integrin). Previous studies suggested that DC-SIGN differentially binds to the pathogenic M. Tuberculosis and the non-pathogenic M. Smegmatis. This feature has been tentatively attributed to differencies in the LAM cap structures. During my thesis, we enlarged this finding by showing that DC-SIGN is able to discriminate M. Tuberculosis complex species from others species whatever their pathogenic status. Furthermore, we showed that this differential binding cannot be associated to LAM cap structures or localization, but rather to the presence of other potential ligands including glycoproteins. Thus the binding between DC-SIGN and the M. Tuberculosis complex species appears to de more complicated then previously suspected and seems to be due to cooperative interaction of DC-SIGN with several ligands
Lefèvre, Lise. "Rôle de la polarisation M2 des macrophages dans le contrôle d'infections fongiques et parasitaires : implication des récepteurs nucléaires PPARgamma et LRH-1 et des récepteurs lectine de type C." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU30088.
Full textMacrophages are key cells of the innate immune response and have phenotypic and functional plasticity which allows them to adapt to their microenvironment. Among these signals, the inflammatory and metabolic states, as well as the pathogenic agents, will influence the macrophage polarization. In this work, we focused on two environmental factors (i) the type 2 diabetes, characterized by a low grade inflammation and an increased susceptibility to fungal infections (ii) a parasitic infection, the visceral leishmaniasis. We have shown that a high fat diet induced-insulin resistance promoted an inflammatory M2b polarization of macrophages associated with an increased susceptibility to gastrointestinal candidiasis. We then demonstrated that ligands of the nuclear receptor PPARgamma shift the M2b polarization toward M2a phenotype, effective to eliminate Candida albicans. This macrophage polarization is characterized by the overexpression of Dectin-1 and Mannose (MR), two membrane macrophage C-type lectin receptors involved in the yeast internalization and in the production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROS). This work is published in PLoS One, 2010, September 20, 5 (9): e12828. Doi: 10. 1371/journal. Pone. 0012828. Thus, the study of the signaling pathways leading to PPAR? activation could be of therapeutic interest during fungal infections. Therefore, we focused on the LRH-1 nuclear receptor, known to regulate the expression of enzymes involved in the synthesis of potential PPARgamma ligands. Here, we demonstrated for the first time the involvement of LRH-1 in the M2 macrophage polarization. Indeed, LRH-1 is implicated in the production of PPARgamma endogenous ligands and hence in its activation. We also showed that mice deficient for LRH-1 specifically in macrophages exhibit increased susceptibility to Candida albicans infection, associated with altered M2 polarization related-candidacidal functions. These results suggest that LRH-1 could be a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of fungal infections, promoting M2 polarization favorable for the host. This work is currently under submission. In the second part of this work, we studied the influence of visceral leishmaniasis on the macrophage polarization. Interestingly, we report that the macrophage response in vivo against Leishmania infantum is characterized by a M2b-like phenotype displaying a C-type lectin receptors signature composed of Dectin-1, MR and the DC-SIGN homologue SIGNR3. We also demonstrated that these receptors influenced the outcome of L. Infantum infection. Indeed, Dectin-1 and MR are involved in the L. Infantum internalization by macrophages and in the production of ROS, inflammatory bioactive lipids, and cytokines such as leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and interleukin 1beta, which enable parasite elimination. By contrast, SIGNR3/DC-SIGN favors parasite resilience through inhibition of the microbicidal functions of macrophages. Confirmation of these results in primary human macrophages highlights the divergent role for these C-type lectin receptors to the pathogenesis of Leishmania infantum. This work demonstrates the importance of lectins/LTB4/LXA4 axis in the control of the inflammatory mediator's production responsible for parasite elimination. Our findings suggest that effective modulation of these cellular and molecular factors might shift the Leishmania-macrophage interaction for the benefit of the patient. This work is published in Immunity, 2013, May 23;38(5):1038-49. Doi: 10. 1016/j. Immuni. 2013. 04. 010
Giamarchi, Aurélie. "Les récepteurs-canaux polycystines : assemblage moléculaire et fonctions." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20681.
Full textBrument, Sami. "Ligands multivalents pour l'interaction par effet chélate avec les récepteurs nicotiniques et les lectines AFL et DC-SIGN." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT4029.
Full textCell recognitions are often promoted by multiple and simultaneous interactions between ligands and their specific receptors. This concept of multivalency has inspired the scientific community to increase the affinity of a synthetic ligand for his receptor. Various effects of multivalency have been identified, including the chelate binding mode based on the simultaneous interactions of a ligand with several binding sites of a protein. During this thesis, we have developed three families of multivalent structures to reach a chelate binding mode with three proteins: the nicotinic receptors and the DCSIGN and AFL lectins. Aspergillus fumigatus is a pathogen adhering to the fucosylated receptors through the hexavalent lectin AFL. We have developed di-, hexa and polyvalent fucosides whose affinities for AFL were evaluated by microcalorimetry and cellular assays. We identified a hexavalent ligand able to inhibit the cell adhesion of A. fumigatus spores at micromolar concentrations. DC-SIGN is a tetrameric lectin binding to mannose units, used in an infectious pathway by the cytomegalovirus. Several structures at low and high valency (2, 4 and 89) of mannose allowed us to reach high affinity for this lectin with IC50 in nanomolar range in the cell adhesion tests. Finally, we developed a series of multivalent compounds to interact with the nicotinic receptors for an application in neurodegenerative diseases. These ligands have shown antagonist properties on acetylcholine α7 type receptor
Miquel, Fabre Françoise. "Propriétés érythroagglutinantes et mitogéniques d'une lectine (DLA) extraite de Dolichos Lablab L. Caractérisation de ses récepteurs membranaires impliqués dans la stimulation lymphocytaire." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON13504.
Full textFlan, Benoît. "La glycosyl-daunorubicine, un modèle d'étude pour le ciblage cellulaire de medicaments." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10059.
Full textLopez, Robles Maria Dolores. "Étude de CLEC-1, un récepteur lectin-like de type C dans la fonction des cellules dendritiques et la tolérance immune." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT1025.
Full textDendritic cells (DCs) represent essential antigen-presentingcells that are critical for linking innate and adaptive immunity,and influencing T-cell responses. Among pattern recognitionreceptors, DCs express C-type lectin receptors triggered byboth exogenous and endogenous ligands, therefore dictatingpathogen response, and also shaping T-cell immunity. Wepreviously described in rat, the expression of the orphan Ctypelectin-like receptor-1 (CLEC-1) by DCs anddemonstrated in vitro its inhibitory role in downstream Thelper 17 (Th17) activation. In this study,we examined theexpression and functionality of CLEC-1 in human DCs, andshow a cell-surface expression on the CD16+ subpopulation ofblood DCs and on monocytederived DCs (moDCs). CLEC-1expression on moDCs is downregulated by inflammatorystimuli and enhanced by TGF- β. Moreover, we demonstratethat CLEC-1 is a functional receptor on human moDCs andthat although not modulating the spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)dependent canonical nuclear factor-kB (NFкB) pathway,represses subsequent Th17 responses. Importantly, usingCLEC-1–deficient rats, we showed that disruption of CLEC-1signaling led to an enhanced Il-12p40 subunit expression inDCs, and to an exacerbation of downstream in vitro and invivo CD4+ Th1 and Th17 responses. Collectively, our resultsestablish a role for CLEC-1 as an inhibitory receptor in DCsable to dampen activation and downstream effector Thresponses. As a cell-surface receptor, CLEC-1 may representa useful therapeutic target for modulating T-cell immuneresponses in a clinical setting
Ala, Eddine Mohamad. "Impact de l'IL-13 dans l'acquisition des fonctions tumoricides des macrophages : rôle des récepteurs lectine de type-C et implication dans la progression d'un lymphome T." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30065.
Full textTumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are derived from circulating monocytes attracted by the chronic inflammation in the tumor. These monocytes differentiate into a variety of macrophages according to the mediators present in tumor microenvironment. Thus, it is known that macrophages can stimulate tumor growth (usually called M2 macrophages) but may also, in other circumstances, specifically recognize and eliminate transformed cells (M1 macrophages). This functional dichotomy is dependent on the stage of cancer development and specifically on tumor microenvironment. In general, the infiltration and the high density of TAMs in the tumor are associated with poor prognosis and consequently, TAMs might be an important therapeutic target. In this work, we first focused on the phenotype and the functions of the macrophages associated to tumor progression. The use of a preclinical mouse model of T-cell lymphoma (EL4 cells) has shown that macrophages associated to the late stage of tumor development stimulate EL4 tumor cell proliferation. These macrophages produce pro-angiogenic factors like TGF-ß and immunosuppressive mediators, such as IL-6, IL-10 and Indoleamine dioxygenase (IDO). Interestingly, we have shown that IL-6, highly secreted in tumor ascites, can improve protumoral functions of resident macrophages. Conversely, murine resident macrophages activated by IFN-? or IL-13, cytokines not detected in the tumor ascites, acquire an antitumor phenotype. While IFN-? is known to induce M1 macrophages with a powerful tumoricidal potential, we report that IL-13, which stimulate alternative phenotype (M2) of macrophages, can induce antitumor functions of macrophages. In this context, we studied the antitumor mechanisms of IL-13-activated macrophages against T-lymphoma cells. We report that IL-13-activated macrophages exert antitumor activity by promoting T-lymphoma cell necrosis through ROS release and arginase induced-L-arginine depletion. In fact, L-arginine degrading enzymes have been suggested as antitumor agents against multiple tumor lineages auxotrophic for L-arginine. We have also shown that the activation of IL-13-activated macrophages antitumor functions is dependent on the tumor cell recognition by mannose and dectin-1 receptors (C-type Lectin Receptors). Indeed, after recognition, these receptors that are overexpressed by IL-13-activated macrophages, activate Syk-P47phox pathway for ROS production and arachidonic acid-HETEs (hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid)-PPAR? axis for arginase activity. Moreover, IL-13 improves T-cell lymphoma regression in tumor-bearing mice through its ability to reprogram TAMs toward cytotoxic effectors. This was supported by a decrease of tumor burden in tumor-bearing mice after adoptive transfer of IL-13-activated macrophages. Finally, we established that IL-13 activates human monocyte-derived macrophages to become tumoricidal against various human tumor cells. This work shows the complexity of the M1/M2 paradigm in the description of pro- and antitumor functions of macrophages. Thus, our findings demonstrate the ability of IL-13 to stimulate macrophage antitumor activities, in the context of T-cell lymphoma. This work also suggests that effective modulation of mannose and dectin-1 receptors by IL-13 might shift the "tumor cells-macrophages" interaction for the host benefit
Navarro-Sanchez, Martha-Erika. "La lectine de surface DC-SIGN (CD209) des cellules dendritiques myéloïdes a un rôle essentiel dans la pathogénie de la dengue." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077143.
Full textDengue virus (DV) is a mosquito borne flavivirus that causes hemorrhagic fever in humans In the natural infection, DV is mtroduced into human skin by an infected mosquito vector where is believed to target immature dendritic cells. We show that the DC-specific ICAM-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) molécule binds moquito-cell-derived DV and allows viral replication. Conlusive evidence of the involvement of DC-SIGN in DV infection was obtained by the inhibition of viral infection by anti-DC-SIGN antibodies and by soluble tetrameric ectodomain of DC-SIGN dur data show, that the interactions between DV E protein the sole mannosylated glycoprotein present on DV particles and DC-SIGN are essential for DV infection of DCs. Binding of mannosylated N-glycans on DV E protein to DC-SIGN triggers a rapid and efficient mternalization of the viral glycoprotein. However, we observed that endocytosis-defective DC-SIGN molecules allows efficient DV replication, indicating that DC-SIGN endocytosis is dispensable for the internalizaton step m DV entry. Dur data provide evidences that the initial interactions of DV with DC-SIGN may facilitate subsequent interactions of DV with a specific cellular receptor that ultimately accounts for virus internalization. Key-words: Dengue virus, dendritic cells, DC-SIGN, E protein, virus internalization
Ben, Merzoug Leila. "Les souris Ncr1greeCre : un nouveau modèle murin pour l'étude de la biologie des cellules Natural Killer." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077037.
Full textNK cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system, engageai in the surveillance against tumors and pathogens. They can kill directly target cells by cytotoxicity and, also, produce cytokines and chemokines to recruit and activate other innate and adaptative immune cells. The NK cell lineage is heterogeneous and harbors several subsets, vvhose development and function are modulated by intrinsic and environmental factors (interaction with accessory cells). Recent studies suggest the CD49b- hepatic NK cells represent a separate NK cell lineage distinct from bone marrow NK cells. These hepatic NK cells were defined by the expression of the CD49a and lack of the CD49b (DX5) integrin. Yet, our analyses of NK cells, in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues, revealed the presence of four NK cell subsets defined by the differential expression of CD49a and CD49b, whose relations and functions are still unclear. CD49a+ NK cells were also present in gut, thymus and salivary glands. Yet, CD49a+ NK cells in the thymus and salivary glands co-expressed CD49b. Notwithstanding this heterogeneity, the development of all these subsets depends on the transcription factor Nfi13. In order to study gene functions specifically for NK cells we have generated a new transgenic mouse model, NcrlgreenCre, in which the gene fusion eGFP-Cre recombinase is under the control of the Ncr 1 promoter. The Cre recombinase is specifically expresséd and active in NKp46+ cells. We have generated NcrlgreenCre mice and show that all NKp46+ from all organs analyzed, and including CD49a expressing subsets in the gut¬associated lymphoid tissues, depend on yc for their homeostasis. As such, Ncrlg'cre 112%m mice represent a NKp46+ cell deficient mouse model. We used these mice to show that specific loss of NKp46+ cells in an otherwise intact environment results in the loss of protection against pulmonary metastatic B16 development and impacts on the regulation of the adaptative immune response to B16. Finally, using Ncrlg""cre prdmlfl fl, Hobit e", and Ncrlgreenc' prdmlwfl Hobit mice, we have studied the role of the transcription factors Blimp-1 and Hobit in NK cells. Although these factors are homologues, only Blimp-1 is required for NK cell differentiation and function under steady-state conditions and during anti¬tumor (B16) immune responses indicating that Hobit cannot compensate for loss of Blimp 1 in NK cells. We also found that Blimp 1 was important for the NK cell response to infection with mouse cytomegalovirus
Gil, Sophie. "Régulation de l'endocytose des asialoglycoprotéines médiée par une lectine transmembranaire de l'hépatocyte : étude sur hépatocytes de rat à l'aide d'une pathologie in vivo (le diabète insulino-dépendant) et de drogues in vitro (la monensine et la vasopressine)." Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA114809.
Full textAlmahmood, Salman. "Contribution à l'étude des récepteurs parietaux impliqués dans la floculation de la levure kluyveromyces bulgaricus." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10062.
Full textDeguine, Jacques. "Dynamiques cellulaires de l'activité cytotoxique des cellules Natural Killer et T CD8+ au cours de réponse immunitaires anti-tumorales." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077237.
Full textNatural Killer (NK) and CD8+ T cells, respectively of the innate and adaptive immune System, can both participate in tumor cell lysis through the exocytosis of lytic granules during interactions with their targets. However, while CD8+ T cells are specific for given tumor antigens, NK cells more broadly recognize stress through receptors such as NKG2D, whose ligands are expressed upon cellular stress. To understand how NKG2D receptor engagement influences intratumoral NK cell dynamics, we performed intravital two-photon imaging on solid EL4 tumors expressing the ligand Rae-lp. Expression of this ligand induced a sharp increase in intratumoral NK cell density and motility, whereas only a few immotile NK cells could be observed within a control EL4 tumor. Strinkingly, most NK cells established transient contacts with EL4 Rae-ß tumor cells, while CD8+ T cells interactions with related tumor cells expressing a recognized antigen were stable and long-lasting. We also performed in vitro conjugation experiments to characterize the underlying mechanism of NK and CD8+ T cell behavior and found that while NK cells can eliminate their targets efficiently, their adhesion to targets and the calcium influx during this process were limited. On the other hand, T cell conjugation to a tumor cell expressing a specific antigen induced a robust calcium influx that was critical for the strong adhesion. Altogether, we demonstrate here that while NK and CD8+ T cells use the same molecular effectors during cytotoxicity, they do so with remarkably distinct dynamics. These different behaviors might open the way to immunotherapeutic strategies exploiting the potential synergy of these two cell types
Rahabi, Mouna. "Les macrophages dans l'inflammation colique, approches expérimentale et translationnelle : impact des récepteurs Dectine-1 et mannose et des peptides Naticol(r)Gut." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30104.
Full textCrohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the two main forms of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and are the result of excessive inflammatory reactions in the digestive system. Although they share some characteristics, they are distinguished by differences in genetic predisposition, risk factors, and clinical, endoscopic and histological features. First, we have focused on the role of C-type lectin receptors in colonic inflammation. We show that in a colitis context the absence of Dectin-1 prevents intestinal inflammation, while the absence of the mannose receptor (MR) exacerbates it. This was confirmed in an experimental model of DSS exposure in MR-deficient mice in which we found a marked increase in the expression of Dectin-1. Dectin-1 is involved in the recruitment of blood monocytes, precursors of macrophages, to the inflammatory site of the colonic mucosa and promotes the production of IL-1ß in a leukotriene-B4-dependent manner. We therefore associate colonic inflammation with the activation of the Dectin1/CCL2/LTA4H axis and with a negative regulation of MR in macrophages from IBD patients. In addition, the second part of our work shows that fish collagen peptides, whose anti-inflammatory properties have been described in other pathological contexts such as arthritis or metabolic deregulation, have a beneficial effect in a context of colonic inflammation. Naticol(r)Gut, the trade name of the fish collagen peptides we studied, regulates inflammation by direct effect on the polarization of colonic macrophages towards an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant phenotype mediated by the recognition by the MR thereby supporting its protective effect. Therefore, we have shown that Naticol(r)Gut administration modulates the Th1/Th2 balance of CD4 T cells in favor of a Th2 response and limits the activation of cytotoxic CD8 T cells. The attenuation of the intestinal inflammatory status generated by the administration of Naticol(r)Gut subsequently leads to intestinal eubiosis characterized by a limitation of the development of pathobiontic species in favor of probiotic species. In addition, we observe similar contributions of Naticol(r) in restoring the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunotolerant phenotype of human monocytes from subjects with IBD. These two studies support the crucial role of macrophage polarization through the C-type lectin receptors in the pathophysiology of colonic inflammation. Finally, the latter work supports the protective effect of the MR collagen receptor in colitis
Gavlovsky, Pierre-Jean. "Polymorphisme et diversité des protéines MICA : caractérisation de nouvelles isoformes de MICA et rôle du variant MICA A5.1 en transplantation rénale." Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=7162c0ec-4c49-487d-a7d3-97e656a2d262.
Full textFunctionnal and morphological alterations of the enteric neuro-glio-epithelial unit (NGEU) have been consistently reported in digestive disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease. There is mounting evidence that Parkinson's disease (PD) is not only a brain disease but also a gut disorder. Gastrointestinal involvement is a frequent and early event in the course of PD, and it may be critically involved in the early development of the disease. As in PD the enteric neurons accumulate a-synuclein, and thus are showing PD specific pathological features, we undertook the present PhD work to investigate whether the enteric glia in PD become reactive by assessing the expression and phosphorylation levels of GFAP protein in colonic biopsies. In parallel we investigated whether changes in the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) function and/or morphology occur in PD by measuring the para- and transcellular permeabilities in colonic biopsies and by assessing the expression and localization of the two tight junctions protein ZO-1 and occludin. As compared to control subjects, patients with PD had significant higher enteric GFAP expression levels whereas the phosphorylation at serine 13 was significantly lower. The para- and transcellular permeabilities were not different between PD patients and controls. The expression of occludin, but not ZO-1, was significantly lower in colonic samples from PD patients as compared to controls and the cellular distribution of both proteins was altered in PD patients. Our findings provides evidence that the NGEU is altered in PD via accumulation of a- synuclein in enteric neurons, enteric glial reaction and IEB morphological impairments. This PhD work further reinforce the potential role of the gastrointestinal tract in the initiation and/or the progression of the disease
Sippelli, Simona. "Nouvelle Voie d'isolement du RM6P : Biosynthèse et synthèse de dérivés du M6P." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS157.
Full textThe cation-indipendent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) is a trans membrane glycoprotein implicated in numerous biological processes such as the transporting of the lysosomal enzymes to the lysosomes and in the phenomenon known as angiogenesis.The analogues of M6P have proven themselves to be effectors of tumour angiogenesis.The synthesis new bidentates derivatives, functionalised with analogues derivatives of M6P, opens the way to a new method to isolate the CI-MPR.These “biological antennae” will be used to study binding affinity with the receptor CI-MPR. In prospective, a new class of Sepharose derivatives, functionalised with ours bidentates ligands, will be generated to be used in the traditional technique of purifying proteins
Moreno, Nieves Uriel Yojanan. "Study of Natural killer cell responses induced by the HIV-1 vaccine candidate, MVAHIV." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077143.
Full textNatural Killer (NK)-cell functions and repertoire have been associated with protection from HIV acquisition and disease progression. The capacity of viral vaccine vectors to stimulate NK cells to control infection has not been addressed. We therefore tested the ability of the HIV vaccine candidate MVAHIV and S100A9 proteins to stimulate the anti-HIV activity of NK cells. We developed an in vitro co-culture system allowing the priming of NK cells by autologous DCs infected by MVAHIV. Using this system, we observed that MVAWT-primed NK cells more efficiently control HIV infection compared to MVAWT-primed NK cells, that the enhanced antiviral activity is HIV-specific, and that NKG2D, NKp46 and membrane-bound IL-15 are implicated in the priming of NK cells. Previously we demonstrated that CD85j+ NK cells naturally control HIV infection in autologous DCs and that S100A9 proteins are ligands of CD85j. Here, we found that stimulation of NK cells by S100A9 tetramers enhances the control of HIV infection in CD4+ T cells, and that the anti-HIV activity induced by S100A9 tetramers is preserved during the priming of NK cells by MVAHIV. Overall, we observed that MVAHIV-primed NK cells efficiently and specifically control HIV infection. As S100A9 tetramers stimulate the anti-HIV activity of NK cells alone or in combination with a vaccine-candidate, we suggest that they might be considered as adjuvants to enhance the control of HIV infection by NK cells
Chirica, Mircea. "Analyse de la réponse immunitaire anti-tumorale selon les caractéristiques oncogénétiques du cancer colorectal." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC082.
Full textColorectal cancers (CRC) develop in the face of an important immune system associated with the intestinal mucosal tissue. Recent advances in tumor immunology have highlighted the role of the immune response in the development, evolution and outcome of cancers. The immune system is thought to actively edit out pre-cancerous tells in tissues as they appear. The quality of the immune response against the tumor has emerged as an important prognostic factor in patients with CRC. Several studies have highlighted the different type of mutations and developmental processes involved in CRC. Some of these mutations are associated with better prognosis (microsatellite instability, MSI) and other with poor outcome (BRAF mutations). Some studies suggest that part of these differential outcomes is driven by the capacity of the tumor to induce a strong immune response. Several other predictive biomarkers have been described including mutations of the KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA and TP53 genes but their prognostic role remains uncertain. In this study T tells infiltrating the tumor were compared to tells populating the unaffected neighboring mucosal tissue and tells from the peripheral blood. We observed that T tells from the tumor harbor an activated phenotype, with engagement of the NKG2D pathway in CD8 T tells. We show that mucosal and tumor-infiltrating T tells are enriched in NKG2D CD4 T tells, which exhibit cytotoxic functions. Finally, the oncogenic status of the cancer appears to influence the immune response within the tumor as T tell populations differ in MSI compared to MSS tumors and KRAS/NRAS mutated tumors compared to their wild type counterparts
Guillaume-De, Menthon Mathilde. "Expansion aberrante de la lymphocytes T CD4+ "NK-LIKE" au cours de la granulomatose de Wegener : rôle de l'IL-15." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T036.
Full textNK cells participate in innate immune response. Their activation depends on coordonate stimulation of activating and inhibitory receptors. Some activating NK receptors (NKR) are also present on CD8+T cells, where they play the role of co stimulatory molecules. Abnormal expression of activating NKR have been described on CD4+CD28- T cells in pathologies such as Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). Our goal in this work was to further characterize those cells. Our results show the aberrant expansion of CD4+CD28-NKR+ T cells in WG patients, with « NK-like » phenotype and properties. This population could be delerious to vascular endothelial cells and participate to vasculitis. Cytotoxicity could be consecutive to abnormal expression of DAP12, an adaptator molecule that is usually not expressed on CD4+T cells. Those unusual cells develop under abnormal IL-15 signaling
Levasseur, Franck. "Mécanismes d'échappement à la réponse immune innée de l'hôte au cours de l'infection chronique par le virus de l'hépatite C (VHC)." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T040.
Full textUnderstanding how hepatitis C virus (HCV) induces and circumvents innate and adaptive immunity of the host is of critical importance in efforts to design effective therapeutics. We report here the decreased expression of the NKG2D activating receptor as a novel strategy adopted by HCV to evade NK-cell mediated responses. We show that, upon TLR4 stimulation by the HCV NS5A protein, monocytes secrete high amounts of TGFβ that downmodulates NKG2D expression on NK cells, leading to their impaired lytic potential and IFNy production. Using the JFH1-replicating Huh7. 5. 1 cell system, we provide evidence that NS5A released from apoptotic infected cells binds to monocytes. NS5A-induced signaling through TLR4 elicits p38- and PI3 kinase-dependent IL-10 production, which in turn triggers TGFβ release while inhibiting IL-12 production. Exogenous IL-15 can rescue NKG2D expression at normal levels and induce functional reprogramming of NK cells
Maalouli, Nazek. "Développement d’un banc plasmonique en goutte et conception de nouvelles interfaces appliquées à la biodétection." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10111/document.
Full textSurface plasmon resonance (SPR) based biosensors have become very important tools for a sensitive, label-free and real-time detection of biochemical and biological interactions. Different aspects for plasmonic-based sensor have been investigated in this thesis such as the detection system configuration and the way molecules are linked to the SPR interfaces. In the first part of this thesis, the interest of a droplet-based SPR set-up was shown. This approach has allowed studying experimentally, for the first time, the excitation of surface plasmons by a diffraction grating chip, without integrated prisms. In the second part, different surface functionalization strategies have been developed on different thin film of a hybrid SPR interfaces. It was shown that silver-based SPR interfaces post-coated with amorphous silicon-carbon alloy (Ag/a-Si0.63C0.37) could be modified with amine-terminated nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), a strong chelating agent for Cu2+ ions. The interaction with his-tagged peptides could be followed, in an easy manner, by the droplet-based SPR set-up. Motivated by the interest of the glycane-lectin interaction, glycan-modified SPR chips were developed. Alkynyl-terminated mannose/lactose were covalently linked to azide functionalized gold/silicon oxide (Au/SiOx) interfaces using a "click" chemistry approach, the sensing of two different lectins (Lens culinaris and Peanut Agglutinin) was validated. In parallel, "unmodified" glycans were covalently linked to azide-tetrafluorobenzoic acid by a photocoupling strategy. This strategy showed high efficiency in the specific recognition of lectins comparable to the one obtained in the case of "clicked" sugar
Trimaglio, Giulia. "An orthotopic syngeneic mouse model to study the role of DCIR in colorectal cancer." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30053.
Full textColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and second deadliest cancer worldwide accounting for 900.000 deaths in 2018. Consequently, there is a strong need for new biomarkers as well as an improvement of the current treatments. Tumors develop in complex microenvironments where cancer cells constantly crosstalk with, and modulate, the local immune response to persist and replicate. C-type lectins receptors, expressed in particular by immune cells, actively regulate the immune response to cancer cells and, therefore, tumor development. Dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR), a C-type lectin expressed by myeloid cells, has been shown to play a major role in immunity to infectious and autoimmune diseases. Yet, the role played by DCIR in tumor immunity remains unknown. Analysis of publicly available transcriptomic data from two cohorts of CRC patients revealed an association between high DCIR gene expression and improved survival of patients. In this context, the principal objective of my PhD thesis was to determine the role played by DCIR in the immune response during CRC development. First, I developed an orthotopic syngeneic pre-clinical CRC mouse model consisting in the intra-caecal injection of engineered MC38 tumor cells expressing firefly luciferase (MC38-fLuc+) in C57BL/6 mice. Monitoring of the tumor growth by bioluminescence revealed that, despite an initial growth of solid tumors in all the mice, only 30% of mice developed a progressive lethal CRC, while the remaining animals spontaneously rejected their solid tumor and survived more than 100 days. No rejection of tumors was observed in the absence of adaptive immunity, nor when MC38-fLuc+ cells were injected in other anatomical locations (i.e., liver and skin). Immunophenotyping by transcriptomic and flow cytometry showed that mice with progressive CRC tumors exhibited a pro-tumor immune response, characterized by a regulatory T cell pattern, discernible shortly post-tumor implantation, as well as myeloid suppressor cells that are well-known to favor tumor growth. By contrast, tumor-rejecting mice presented an early pro-inflammatory response and an anti-tumor microenvironment enriched with CD8+ T cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate a preponderant role of the colon-specific microenvironment in regulating the balance between anti- or pro-tumor immune responses and underline the importance of using orthotopic mouse models for in vivo studies. In a second part of my thesis, we used this CRC mouse model to compare the tumor development in wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice or mice deficient for mDcir1 (mDcir1-KO), a murine homologue of human DCIR. While the lack of mDCIR1 has no impact on the percentage of mice developing or rejecting CRC tumors, we observed that mDcir1-KO animals developed bigger tumors than their WT counterparts. In line with this result, we found a lower infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ and decreased activation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (i.e., T-BET+, CD44high, CTLA-4+) in CRC tumors from mDcir1-KO mice compared to WT mice. Altogether, our data point to a protective and anti-tumor role of DCIR during CRC development, probably due to a dysregulation of the balance existing between the tumor and the immune response. Overall, this study paves the way for the potential future development of pharmacological biomolecules targeting DCIR to trigger an efficient anti-tumor immune response in the context of CRC and beyond
Aouar, Besma. "Altération de la production d'interféron de type I par les cellules plasmacytoïdes dendritiques : ciblage de la voie de signalisation BCR-like." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5021.
Full textPlasmacytoid dendritic cells are major producers of type I IFN in human organism. During chronic viral infections, such as Hepatitis C Virus infection, pDCs are functionally impaired. More than 50% efficiency of IFN-α treatment, until recently used, suggested that modulation of pDC function could be an important target for HCV treatment. pDCs recognize HCV RNA by Toll-like receptors, and dispose of a set of so-called regulatory receptors that regulate IFN-I production. Crosslinking of these RR such as BDCA-2 and ILT7 has been shown to inhibit IFN-I production by pDCs stimulated with TLR7/9 agonists. In this work we show that HCV envelope glycoprotein E2 is a novel ligand of pDC RR, BDCA-2 and DCIR, and that this binding is responsible for IFN-I inhibition via the activation of the BCR-like pathway. Then we assayed to restore IFN-I in pDCs with crosslinked RR by targeting well-known kinases of BCR-like pathway, Syk and Mek. When inhibiting Syk, IFN-I was only partially restored by subliminal concentrations of Syk inhibitor; high concentrations of Syk inhibitor effectively blocked IFN-I production, suggesting involvement of Syk in the TLR7/9 pathway as it was already demonstrated in TLR activation in macrophages. When inhibiting MEK, the restoration of type I IFN was effective. The underlying mechanisms leading to the restoration are further explored. Pharmacological targeting of BCR-like signaling may constitute an attractive new approach to study mechanisms of modulation of pDC activation in pathophysiological conditions
Sacco, Emmanuelle. "Identification et caractérisation de 3-hydroxyacyl déshydratases/2-trans-enoyl hydratases (R)-spécifiques potentiellement impliquées dans la biosynthèse de lipides chez le bacille tuberculeux." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30010.
Full textTuberculosis is still a major health concern in the world. Lipids play a major role in the pathogenic character of the tubercle bacillus and their biosynthesis requires the involvement of (R)-specific 3-hydroxyacyl dehydratases/trans-2-enoyl hydratases which have not been identified so far in this organism. These enzymes represent a sink of potential new antituberculosis targets. We report the identification and the characterization in Mycobacterium tuberculosis of several of these proteins that belong to the hydratase 2 subfamily. In particular, the enzymatic data suggest that three of them, associated into two distinct heterodimers, would belong to a type II Fatty Acid Synthase complex, which is involved in the mycolic acid biosynthesis, components essential for the survival of mycobacteria. These enzymes represent very interesting targets for antituberculous drug development
Bennabi, Meriem. "Caractéristiques immunogénétiques et immuno-inflammatoires des troubles du spectre autistique (TSA)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC017.
Full textAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) are severe neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by deficits in communication and social interactions, and by repetitive and stereotyped behaviors and exhibiting a constant increase in terms of prevalence. Affecting ages ranging from the early post-natal period to adulthood, ASD are clinically heterogeneous and often associated with psychiatric and somatic comorbidities underlying, in part, by immune dysfunctions. In this context, we thus focused our attention on the analysis of immunogenetic and immunological characteristics potentially implicated in the disease risk and/or in the modulation their clinical phenotype. More precisely, we evaluated the potential implication of the genetic diversity of molecules involved in innate (PRR, CLR, Dectin-1) and adaptive (HLA) immune responses in disease risk. We then analyzed the phenotypic and functional characteristics of Natural Killer cells in patients with ASD, investigating their influence on the permanent inflammatory state often reported in ASD settings.On the immunogenetic point of view, we found that the genetic diversity of Dectin-1 (CLEC7A), a candidate selected because of its involvement in the modulation of intestinal microbial disorders, was associated with Asperger syndrome, a clinical form of ASD. We observed that the CLEC7A genotype rs2078178 GG and the rs2078178 / rs16910631 GG /GG haplotype were not only more frequent in Asperger but also associated with IQ scores.In terms of HLA diversity, we identified a risk haplotype (HLA-DRB1 * 11-DQB1 * 07) and a protective haplotype (HLA-DRB1 * 17-DQB1 * 02). The risk haplotype was also found to be associated with disease’s severity as reflected by unfavorable scores in the psychiatric clinical scales tested.In the second part of this thesis, we explored the phenotypic and functional modifications of CD3-CD56 + NK cells in patients with high-functioning autism. We observed a permanent cell activation state concomitant with spontaneous degranulation capacity, sustained IFN-? production and cellular hypofunction /exhaustion after in vitro stimulation. In addition, we identified a specific cluster of NK cells, based on the HLA-DR, NKG2C, and KIR2DL1 parameters, and we observed an unexpected increase of NK NKG2C + cells in ASD subjects independent of CMV infection. Finally, we observed that the expression of KIR2DL1 and HLA-DR were respectively correlated with the scores of IQ and those evaluating the CCA-LS and SAWR scales.Taken together, these data could contribute to a better knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with the immune system in ASD and consequently to a better categorization of the groups of patients likely to benefit from targeted immunological therapeutic strategies
Massoud, Amir Hossein. "The anti-inflammatory properties of intravenous immunoglobulin in a murine model of allergic airway disease ; effects on the development of regulatory T-cells." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9890.
Full textIntravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a therapeutic preparation of normal human polyclonal IgG derived from pooled plasma from a large number of healthy donors. Initially used as replacement therapy for patients with primary and secondary immune deficiencies, IVIg is now also widely used for the treatment of a variety of autoimmune, allergic and systemic inflammatory disorders, at high immunomodulatory doses. The beneficial effect of IVIg in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases has been attributed to different mechanisms. Increasing evidence shows that IVIg induces expansion and enhances the suppressive function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in different experimental animal models and human subjects, through an unknown mechanism. Human inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are known to be associated with Treg deficiency. Therefore, a more precise understanding of the mechanisms by which IVIg modulate Treg populations seems to be needed for more rational use of this compound as an alternative therapy in context of various inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Using a robust antigen-driven model of allergic airway disease, we have demonstrated that IVIg markedly attenuates airway inflammation and this effect is associated with the induction of Tregs from non-regulatory T cells in pulmonary tissues. We have also demonstrated that the antiinflammatory actions of IVIg, in our model are dependent on a population of pulmonary CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs), as the action of IVIg could be completely replicated by adoptive transfer of CD11c+ DCs from IVIg-treated mice. we have shown that tolerogenic DCs involve in the peripheral induction of Tregs. Given the requirement of DCs in the induction of Tregs, we explored the mechanism by which IVIg interacts and modulate these cells and for the first time demonstrated that the purified sialylated fraction of human IgG (SA-IVIg) (that consists 2-5% of whole IgG) interacts with an inhibitory C-type lectin receptor on dendritic (DCIR) and this interaction triggers an ITIM intracellular signaling cascade. This subsequently results in rendering tolerogenic activities to DCs and peripheral induction of Tregs. The anti-inflammatory activity of SA-IVIg has been shown in previous studies, but the mechanism by which it modulates DCs functions is not well understood. We also demonstrated that DCIR facilitates the internalization of IgG molecules into DC and this internalization appears to be a crucial step for induction of Tregs. IVIg is a costly therapeutic compound. Characterization of the mechanism of action of IVIg can lead to a better application of this plasma based therapy in a wide range of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.