Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Récepteur des lipoprotéines de basse densité'
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Robbesyn, Fanny. "Effet protecteur des lipoprotéines de haute densité contre la signalisation des lipoprotéines de basse densité oxydées : étude du facteur de transcription Nuclear Factor-kappaB et du récepteur à l'epidermal growth factor." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30083.
Full textGueddari, Nai͏̈ma. "Mise en évidence et expression du récepteur aux LDL dans des lignées tumorales humaines : étude de sa régulation dans la lignée d'adénocarcinome pulmonaire A549." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30160.
Full textJedidi, Iness. "Oxydation des LDL in vitro : mécanismes moléculaires de protection par l'aminoguanidine, régulation de l'expression de récepteur "scavenger" CD36 dans les macrophages humains par les lipides oxydés." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05P616.
Full textThe uptake of oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxLDL) by macrophages is a key event involved in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. The first study aimed at evaluating the protective effect of aminoguanidine (AMG) towards both lipid and protein moieties of oxLDL oxidized by ·OH/O2·- free radicals. We have shown that AMG inhibits lipid peroxidation and apo B fragmentation in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas AMG was only poorly efficient against apo B carbonylation. The scavenger receptor CD36 has been identified as one major receptor that internalizes oxLDL into macrophages. The second study aimed at comparing the effects of oxLDL and their oxidized products on the regulation of CD36 gene expression in human macrophages. We have shown that oxLDL and cholesteryl ester hydroperoxides increase CD36 gene expression in a pathway probably involving PPAR alpha
Kaščáková, Slávka. "The study of the interaction between hypericin and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) : the effect of the LDL receptors on the accumulation of the complex hypericin/LDL in glioma cells U-87 MG." Université d’Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE2081.
Full textThe incorporation and subcellular localization of photosensitizers (pts) are critical determinants of their efficiency in photodynamic therapy. The most important transporters of hydrophobie pts are low-density lipoproteins (LOL). Hypericin (Hyp) is a natural photosensitizing pigment. According to character of Hyp and possibility of its specific targeting into cells through LDL, the study of •. Interaction of Hyp with LDL is important. By means of absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy we showed, that Hyp binds to LOL as monomers up to concentration ratio Hyp/LDL = 30:1. Further increasing ofHyp concentration leads to the formation of Hyp aggregates inside LDL and/or dynamic self-quenching of Hyp. We demonstrated that photoactivated Hyp oxidizes LDL. The maximum of the oxidation of LDL by Hyp is achieved for ratio Hyp/LDL = 30: 1. For higher ratio a decrease in the oxidation of LDL was observed. Further the dependence of the uptake of Hyp by U-87 MG cells on the level of expression of LDL receptors was studied. The results show that the composition of incubation medium influences the concentration of Hyp in cells. The intracellular concentration of Hyp in the presence of LDL is proportional to the Hyp/LDL ratio. A role of LDL receptor pathway for Hyp delivery to cells was confinned by the increase of Hyp uptake in the presence ofLDL for the higher number of LDL receptors. The co-localization experiments showed the lysosomal localization of Hyp with enhanced Hyp concentration for cells with elevated number of LDL receptors when LDL was used as transporters. Our results suggest that LDL and its pathway play an important role in the Hyp delivery and accumulation into the cells
Alcouffe, Julie. "Effets inhibiteur et apoptotique des LDL oxydées sur les lymphocytes T activités : implication du système Fas-Fas ligand." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30016.
Full textAtherosclerosis and associated vascular accidents have become a major public health problem in industrialized countries. Oxidized low density lipoproteins (LDL) observed in atheroma are considered as essential actors in atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Oxidized LDL come from plasma LDL oxidization by vascular wall cells through mechanisms which remain rather unknown and confer oxidized LDL distinct biological properties. With the purpose to study the controversial role played by the immune system in atherosclerosis development, we attempted to characterize in vitro interactions between oxidized LDL and activated T lymphocytes in various T cell activation models. .
Castet, Valérie. "Infection in vitro des hépatocytes humains en culture primaire par le virus de l'hépatite C, rôle des candidats récepteurs CD81 et LDL-R." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON13516.
Full textRamin-Mangata, Stéphane. "Le rôle du récepteur aux LDL et de PCSK9 dans le diabète de type 2." Thesis, La Réunion, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LARE0005.
Full textStatins are lipid-lowering drugs widely prescribed to prevent cardiovascular diseases. They inhibit the endogenous synthesis of cholesterol and thereby increase LDLR gene expression by activating the SREPB-2 transcription factor. The positive effects of statins regarding cardiovascular diseases are undisputable. However, their action is limited by the proprotein convertases subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9), the natural inhibitor of the LDL receptor (LDLR), which is also activated by the SREBP-2 transcription factor. As a result, novel lipid-lowering strategies targeting circulating PCSK9 have emerged and have been approved recently. These are the PCSK9 inhibitors. Despite their well-established beneficial effects, the use of high doses of statins for long-term treatments induces in rare instances the onset of type 2 diabetes in predisposed individuals. In addition, “loss of function” genetic variants of PCSK9 are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The effects of long term use of PCSK9 inhibitors on the risk of type 2 diabetes remain to be established. Thus, we hypothesized that cholesterol overload of insulin secreting pancreatic beta cells induced by the overexpression of the LDLR at their plasma membranes following treatment with statins and PCSK9 inhibitors may cause cell dysfunction, lower insulin secretion, and ultimately type 2 diabetes. The aims of my thesis were (i) to determine the circulating levels of PCSK9 and their modulation by statins in patients with type 2 diabetes, (ii) to determine if reduced circulating PCSK9 levels are predictive of new onset type 2 diabetes and finally (iii) to investigate the effect of statins, PCSK9, and PCSK9 inhibitors on beta cell function. Using three cohorts of patients, we showed that circulating PCSK9 plasma levels are increased in patients with type 2 diabetes and that reduced circulating PCSK9 levels are negatively associated with insulin resistance and elevated fasting blood glucose. In human pancreatic sections and human pancreatic beta cell lines, we showed for the first time that PCSK9 is expressed, synthesized and secreted only by beta cells in pancreatic islets. We did not find any significant effect of PCSK9 or PCSK9 inhibitors on glucose stimulated insulin secretion. Altogether, my thesis works underpin that the use of PCSK9 inhibitors in the clinic will probably not be diabetogenic. This is reassuring regarding the development of these new lipid-lowering therapies
Albecka, Anna. "Étude de l’entrée cellulaire du virus de l’hépatite C : rôle du récepteur aux LDL et identification de régions fonctionnelles des protéines de l’enveloppe virale." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10143/document.
Full textTo initiate its life cycle, hepatitis C virus (HCV) needs to cross the cellular membrane. This process involves the viral envelope proteins and cellular receptor(s). During this thesis, we studied these two aspects. Our objectives were to identify new functional determinants in HCV glycoprotein E2 and to investigate the role of the LDL receptor (LDLR) during the HCV life cycle. With the hypothesis that E1 and E2 glycoproteins have co-evolved within the different genotypes, we identified functional intergenotypic incompatibilities between these two proteins. Based on a structural model, we then constructed several series of intergenotypic E2 chimeras. The functionality of these chimeras was analyzed in an infectious system and with the help of retroviral pseudotypes. This work led us to identify several E2 determinants involved in viral particle assembly as well as a juxtamembrane region taking part in virus entry. This latter has also been characterized at a structural level to better understand its role. Due to the potential interaction between HCV particle and low-density lipoproteins, the LDLR has been proposed as an entry factor for this virus. However, its exact role in HCV entry remains poorly understood. In this thesis, we investigated the role of this receptor in the HCV life cycle by comparing virus entry to the mechanism of lipoprotein uptake. We showed that the viral particle interacts with the LDLR. However, this interaction does not seem to lead to a productive infection. Furthermore, our data are in favour for a role of the LDLR as a lipid providing receptor which modules viral RNA replication
Yang, Xue. "Cucurbit[n]urils fonctionnalisés : transporteurs de médicaments avancés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0542.
Full textOne of the major problems of most medicines remains their poor targeting faculties toward pathological organs causing lots of side effects and/or restraining their therapeutic window. In an interdisciplinary approach at the nanoscale, we have built an advanced delivery system combining a macrocyclic molecular cargo (a cucurbit[7]uril or CB[7] having a pumpkin shape) and a vector peptide, selectively targeting Low Density Lipoprotein Receptors (LDLR) that are expressed at the surface of certain types of cancer cells or at the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB). The CB[7]-vector conjugate has shown excellent faculties of targeting and penetration in cells expressing LDLR. This work has thus allowed to combine two technologies by developing a multifunctional compound, versatile in its potential to transport a large palette of medicines toward pathological tissues expressing the target receptor
Boucher, Philippe. "Régulation nutritionnelle de l'expression des principaux gènes qui contrôlent le métabolisme et la toxicité de l'alcool et du cholestérol alimentaire : CYP2E1, LDL récepteurs, HMG CoA réductase et LRP." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T160.
Full textPicard, Sylvie. "Oxydation des lipoprotéines de basse densité : effets de l'aminoguanidine." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO1T023.
Full textDianat, Noushin. "Cellules souches pluripotentes humaines et modélisation de maladies hépatiques : l'hypercholestérolémie familiale et les cholangiopathies." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114810.
Full textCell therapy can be an alternative to liver transplantation in some cases such as severe metabolic diseases. However, the shortage of organ donors implies the need to find new sources of liver cells such as hepatocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells that can be amplified and differentiated extensively into any cell type. Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) generated from somatic cells of patients and then differentiated into hepatocytes represent a potential source of transplantable hepatocytes. These cells now make it possible to consider the transplantation of genetically modified autologous hepatocytes as an alternative to liver transplantation for the treatment of genetic diseases of the liver.Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding the receptor for Low Density Lipoproteins (LDLR), which is the cause of high blood cholesterol in these patients. Homozygous patients should purify their serum LDL-apheresis on average twice a month starting at a young age to avoid fatal myocardial infarction occurring in childhood.Human hepatocytes differentiated from patient’s induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) allow assessing the feasibility to transplant genetically modified autologous hepatocytes as treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia.During the liver development, hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, the two types of hepatic epithelial cells, derive from bipotent hepatic progenitors (hepatoblasts). Although cholangiocytes, forming intrahepatic bile ducts, represent a small fraction of the total liver cell population (3%), they actively regulate bile composition by secretion and reabsorption of bile acids, a process that is important in cholestatic liver diseases. In the first part of this study we developed an approach to differentiate pluripotent stem cells (hESC and hiPSC) into functional cholangiocytes. These cells could be used for the modeling of genetic biliary diseases. In the second part, we generated FH patient specific iPSCs (HF-iPSC), differentiated them into hepatocytes and tried to correct the disease phenotype by lentiviral introduction of LDLR cDNA cassette in HF-iPSC
Perrois, Frédéric. "Réactivité de segments artériels humains "in vitro" : effet des lipoprotéines de basse densité." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P182.
Full textMolino, Yves. "Mise en place de modèles in vitro de barrière hémato‐encéphalique et étude du transfert transendothélial de vecteurs et conjugués ciblant le récepteur au LDL." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5076/document.
Full textThe blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the central nervous system (CNS) from plasma fluctuations of endogenous, but also exogenous molecules, including therapeutic molecules. The BBB’s restrictive properties are compensated by the presence of different mechanisms that provide transport of nutrients across the BBB, including transcytosis of endogenous ligands mediated by receptors. Our objective is to improve drug delivery across the BBB and we developed “vectors” that target different recpetors. During our thesis we developed and optimized cellular tools and approaches, in particular syngeneic in vitro models of the BBB and blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) from both rat and mouse, based on the co-culture of brain (BMECs) or spinal cord (SCMECs) microvascular endothelial cells (MECs) and astrocytes. Among the receptors we studied, we show that the LDL receptor (LDLR) is expressed at the apical plasma membrane of BMECs and confirmed that it is involved in transcytosis of LDL through the vesicular compartment, while avoiding the lysosomal compartment, further establishing its interest as a target receptor. We show that our vectors conjugated to an organic molecule or to a protein cargo are endocytosed by BMECs in a LDLR-dependent manner, avoid the lysosomal compartment and cross the BMEC monolayers. Finally, we developed BBB and BSCB in vitro models in inflammatory conditions, considering that MECs inflammation is associated with many CNS lesions and pathologies. These models will be useful to better understand the inflammatory processes of CNS endothelial cells and to evaluate vectorization strategies preferentially targeting CNS structures in pathological condition
Augé, Nathalie. "Effets des lipoprotéines de basse densité oxydées sur les cellules musculaires lisses en culture." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30254.
Full textOziol, Lucie. "Effet des hormones thyroi͏̈diennes et d'analogues structuraux sur l'oxydation des lipoprotéines de basse densité in vitro." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOPE02.
Full textDelattre, Sophie. "Étude clinique, biologique et cellulaire de différents cas d'hypercholestérolémie." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10006.
Full textHuntosova, Veronika. "Vectorization of hypericin with low-density lipoproteins : dynamic studies of the complex and consequences on its intracellular distribution and photo induced activity." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066290.
Full textTorres, Rasgado Enrique. "Nitration de la Tyrosine dans l’albumine et les lipoprotéines." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX30046.
Full textWe studied the albumin (Alb) effect on the mild nitration of the LDL-Alb complex (LAC), naturally present in plasma, by a generator of ONOO- in the presence of HCO3- by means of a GC-MS procedure. In our hand the Tyr-nitration rate (3-NO2-Tyr/Tyr) was 4,4 x 10-3 mol/mol in albumin alone. Added non-nitrated albumin decreased the Tyr-nitration rate of LAC from 2,5 x 10-3 to 0,6 x 10-3 mol/mol. We then addressed the question of the reversibility of the Tyr nitration. We found out that a nitratase activity against nitrated albumin occurs in LAC and HDL. Reaction products were 1 Tyr residue for 1 NO3- anion. The nitratase activity is borne by a specific protein structure. It was inhibited by LDL- and HDL γ-tocopherol, by ellagic acid (EA), present in berries and some drinks, and by its methylated metabolite, 3,3' OMAE. These results put forward a new concept on the role of nitration
Dachet, Christiane. "Mode d'action d'un médicament hypolipidémiant , le Probucol : transport et catabolisme des LDL, modifications des propriétés physico-chimiques des lipoprotéines plasmatiques." Paris 12, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA120055.
Full textElchebly, Mounib. "Transfert des lipides entre les lipoprotéines, chez les diabétiques non insulino-dépendants : influence des protéines de transfert et des propriétés physico-chimiques des lipoprotéines." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO1T025.
Full textPontou-Lombard, Elise. "Evaluation du statut oxydatif et inflammatoire : développement analytique et application en biologie clinique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20705.
Full textHigh-density lipoproteins (HDLs) have cardiovascular benefits. One of the mechanisms involves the inhibition by HDLs of the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in endothelial cells. We examined the effects of either the apolipoprotein A-I and the anionic peptide factor (APF) in the presence or absence of phosphatidylcholines (PCs), or the free PCs, on the expression of VCAM-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The HUVEC were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α or the calcium bound to heparin. The main result indicates that APF administrated at physiological concentration in the lipid-free form or into apolipoprotein/PCs complexes appears as a relevant factor involved in the inhibition of VCAM-1 expression. Our study provides a perspective of an antiatherogenic strategy, through the expansion of the APF-enriched HDL in order to alleviate the inflammatory process. To evaluate the status of oxidative stress in patients, we aimed to developp a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure serum HNE, MDA and Hexanal-modified albumin, and to test different commercial kits. Reproducible standard curves were obtained but assays with serum of patients have not been completed due to an inhibitory effect on the reaction by serum. We show that oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) antibodies and matrix Gla protein in clinical cardiovascular disease give diverging results. Comparative studies of the different kit assays of oxLDL are needed to assess which oxidation-specific epitopes are most predictive of cardiovascular disease. Peroxides, paraoxonase 1 activity (PON1) and the fatty acid composition of the erythrocyte plasmic membrane phospholipids appear as a relevant biological markers to evaluate oxidative stress. We believe that this work will be helpful for the assessment of oxidative stress in patients, and that biomarkers like PON1 and peroxides could be integrated into routine clinical laboratory analyses
Bencharif, Djemil. "Intérêt des lipoprotéines à faible densité (ldl) du jaune d’œuf de poule dans la congélation et la réfrigération du sperme canin." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S004.
Full textThe Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) is responsible for the cryoprotectant effect of the egg yolk (ey). A diluent with 6% LDL, gives after freeze-thaw process, twice more mobile spermatozoa compared to the ey. The glutamine (Glut) + 6% LDL was studied during freeze-thaw process of the canine semen. 6% LDL + 20 mmol Glut which gives the best percentage of motility compared to 6% LDL alone and ey. The in vitro tests of the sperm fertility were carried out to evaluate the quality of sperm in the different media: 6% LDL + 20 mmol Glut, 6% LDL alone and the ey: Hypo-osmotic, FITC/PSA, Orange acridine and the SPERMAC® for the description of normal spermatozoa. 6% LDL + 20 mmol of Glut was tested in the refrigeration of the sperm compared to the ey. 6% LDL + 20 mmol of Glut is better than ey since 100% of the éjaculats were preserved 4 days and 50% during 7 days. The interest to centrifuged or not the semen and the addition of glycerol before refrigeration. If the semen is contaminated by the uretral and prostatic phases, the centrifugation is necessary. The addition of glycerol has a fatal effect on the refrigeration of the dog semen
Ermak, Natalia. "Implication de la mitochondrie dans l’apoptose des monocytes sous l’action des LDL oxydées." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA114806.
Full textThis study investigated the proapoptotic effects of oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL), which plays a key role in atherogenesis, on monocytes-macrophages and on U937 monocytic cell line. We compared the apoptotic mechanism involved in monocytes in presence of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) obtained after treatment with hypochlorous acid (HOCl) or copper (Cu). Both types of oxLDL induced U937 apoptotic cell death via the mitochondrial pathway. In contrast to HOCl-oxLDL, Cu-oxLDL induced apoptosis via a caspase-independent mechanism, with no activation of pro-caspase-3, but via the release of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria. The apoptotic program of the monocyte differs depending on the mode of LDL oxidation, based on differences in the oxidatively modified components of the two oxLDL types
Samadi-Baboli, Mehdi. "Utilisation des lipoprotéines de basse densité (LDL) comme vecteurs des médicaments anticancéreux : application aux dérivés d'ellipticines." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30215.
Full textIdohou, Nicole. "Étude in vitro de l'effet des lipoprotéines de très basse densité sur les fonctions du polynucléaire humain : application à l'étude du mécanisme d'action d'un immunomodulateur, le Biostim®." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA114852.
Full textChancharme, Laurent. "Hétérogénéité des LDL et stress oxydant : stabilité des hydroperoxydes lipidiques et induction de la mort cellulaire." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P604.
Full textLDL play a key role during the formation and the progression of atherosclerotic lesions, more parti ularly after they undergo oxidative modifications. Moreover, LDL are present in a continuum spectrum of paricles which display differences in their physico-chemical properties and their atherogenicity, as demonstrated by the correlation between a high level of small dense LDL and an increased cardiovascular risk. In our studies, we noticed that, during oxidative modifications of LDL subfractions from normolipidemic subjects (NL), lipid hydroperoxides formed in dense LDL have a lower stability as compared to those formed in intermediate LDL. .
Audouin, Corinne. "Dérivés de la N-amino indoline potentiellement actifs dans le traitement ou la prévention de l'athérosclérose, de la resténose et de l'asthme." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10042.
Full textArsenault, Benoit. "Obésité viscérale, taille des particules LDL et profil inflammatoire athérogène." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18830.
Full textPruneta, Valérie. "Mise en évidence de nouvelles fonctions de la lipoprotéine lipase liée aux lipoprotéines de très basse densité." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T083.
Full textFadel-Khadra, Maha. "Contribution à l'étude de la peroxydabilité des lipides des lipoprotéines de basse densité, LDL, et des membranes érythrocytaires." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA114839.
Full textDumont, Geneviève. "Étude de la composition des particules des lipoprotéines de faible densité et des déterminants de leur taille." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25376/25376.pdf.
Full textSavitsky, Valéry. "Etude des effets des LDL oxydées et des produits de peroxydation lipidique sur la minéralisation des ostéoblastes murins en culture." Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIED002.
Full textLandais, Cécile. "Mesure in vitro de l'oxydabilité des lipoprotéines de basse densité : étude prospective d'une population de 48 sujets hypertendus." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2M124.
Full textSerhan, Nizar. "Impact du récepteur purinergique P2Y13 sur le transport retour du cholestérol et le développement de l'athérosclérose." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3094/.
Full textThe level of High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (HDL-C) is inversely correlated to the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The protective effect of HDL is mostly attributed to their metabolic functions in Reverse Cholesterol Transport (RCT), a process whereby excess cell cholesterol is taken up from peripheral cells and macrophages by the HDL particles, and is later delivered to the liver for elimination by bile excretion. We have previously identified a new pathway for hepatic HDL uptake, involved in RCT. In this pathway, apoA-I, the major protein of HDL, binds an ecto-F1-ATPase leading to ATP hydrolysis into ADP. Extracellular ADP activates the P2Y13 receptor which stimulates in fine HDL uptake through an unknown low affinity receptor, distinct from the classical HDL receptor, SR-BI. In this work, we have investigated on mouse models the physiological relevance of P2Y13 receptor in RCT and atherosclerosis development. In a first part, we have showed that P2Y13 deficient mice fed on chow diet displayed a decrease in hepatic HDL-C uptake and biliary lipids secretions. In these conditions, P2Y13 deficiency was also associated with a strong decrease in RCT, from macrophages to the faeces. Moreover, the same phenotype was found on P2Y13 deficient mice fed on a high cholesterol diet (1. 25%, HCD). Conversely, intravenous bolus injection of cangrelor, a partial agonist of P2Y13, stimulated hepatic HDL uptake and biliary lipids secretions (cholesterol, bile acids and phospholipids) in both wild-type and scavenger receptor class B type I liver deficient mice, with no effect in P2Y13 knockout mice. Furthermore, a long-term chronic treatment with cangrelor, by continuous infusion for 3 days, decreased plasma HDL-C levels as a consequence of increased hepatic HDL uptake. These effects were correlated with an increase in biliary bile acid secretion. In a second part, we have showed that deficiency of P2Y13 in a mice model for atherosclerosis, apoE knockout mice, induced an increase in atherosclerosis development. This result was correlated with a decrease in biliary lipids secretions and excretions into the faeces. Taken together our results suggest that P2Y13 receptor could be a target for therapeutic intervention on HDL ("HDL-Therapies"), aiming to prevent or reduce the development of atherosclerosis
Murr, Jihad. "Évaluation de l'association entre les concentrations plasmatiques des lipoprotéines de faible densité oxydées et le risque de maladie d'Alzheimer." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28206/28206.pdf.
Full textHogue, Jean-Charles. "Contribution de la protéine de transfert des esters de cholestérol à l'hétérogénéité des particules LDL dans l'hypercholestérolémie familiale hétérozygote." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21837/21837.pdf.
Full textThe main objective of this study was to examine the relationship between CETP and LDL particle heterogeneity in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. The results of this study suggest that the LDL peak particle diameter was smaller in familial hypercholesterolemia than in controls. Furthermore, the results suggest that several factors are implicated in the LDL particle heterogeneity and that some of them are associated with familial hypercholesterolemia, such as the plasma CETP concentration. This study suggest that increased plasma CETP concentration could lead to significant LDL particle remodeling in familial hypercholesterolemia and could contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in these patients.
Duval, Carine. "Oxydation des lipoprotéines de faible densité : implication de la mitochondrie et de la prolifération cellulaire." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30191.
Full textTravert, Carine. "Rôle du cholestérol et de ses dérivés oxygénés dans la stéroi͏̈dogenèse leydigienne du rat mature." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN2014.
Full textPonty, Emmanuelle. "Marquage des lipoprotéines de basse densité par le technetium-99m : étude de la biodistribution par analyse de l'image scintigraphique chez la souris porteuse de mélanome B16, de la fixation tumorale, de la cinétique et de la dosimétrie des lipoprotéines marquées." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30148.
Full textBonneau, Christine. "Effet des lipoprotéines de basse densité sur la migration et le métabolisme oxydatif du polynucléaire neutrophile humain "in vitro"." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA114836.
Full textJuompan, Laure. "Etude des interactions "lipoprotéines de basse densité/système immunitaire" : sur la fonction tueuse naturelle et au cours du sida." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30204.
Full textLe, Guillou Jocya. "Lipoprotéines de basse densité extraites de jaune d'oeuf et structures biomimétiques : rôle dans le mécanisme de cryoconservation des spermatozoïdes." Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2014. http://kentika.oniris-nantes.fr/ListRecordVisio.htm?idlist=1&record=19308075124911262579.
Full textAmsellem, Marie-Agnès. "Mise au point et applications d'un modèle de modifications oxydatives des lipoprotéines de basse densité (LDL) par les cellules endothéliales ombilicales en culture." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA114835.
Full textAttia, Nebil. "Métabolisme postprandial des lipoprotéines chez le sujet diabétique non insulino-dépendant." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA077159.
Full textIbrahim, Salam. "Mise en évidence et caractérisation du transfert de phospholipides des lipoprotéines de très basse densité aux plaquettes sanguines : intérêt particulier dans le diabète de type 2." Lyon 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/26/74/24/PDF/These_Salam_IBRAHIM.pdf.
Full textPhospholipids play important roles in cell metabolism and signal transduction. In platelets, they are necessary to the development of platelet activation processes. Their hydrolysis necessitates their permanent regeneration. In the present work, we considered the possibility that phospholipids could be transferred from very-low density lipoproteins (VLDL) to platelets. Our work was organized in three stages. Firstly, we have shown that PL transfer was stimulated by platelet activation and by the lipoprotein lipase- mediated lipolysis of VLDL. Secondly, using a series of metabolic inhibitors we have demonstrated that the phospholipid transfer to platelets was dependent upon the activity of cytosolic phospholipase A2. Finally, we studied the putative abnormalities of this transfer in the specific context of type 2 diabetes. We characterized several alterations that could participate to the platelet hyperactivation process observed in this pathology
Harnafi, Hicham. "Etude de l'effet des composés bioactifs du basilic sur le métabolisme lipidique et la péroxydation des lipoprotéines de basse densité." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL2S016.
Full textZerrad-Saadi, Amal. "Stress oxydant et LDL : mécanismes de l'effet protecteur des HDL." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05P640.
Full textThe capacité of HDL to protect LDL against oxidative stress is well established. However, mechanisms involved in such activity remain undetermined. Our firts aim was to assess the relationship between physicochemical properties of sub-fractions of LDL and their antiatherogenic in particular antioxidative (AOX) activities. We have demonstrated that HDL3 is depleted in spingomyelin and enriched in spingosine-1-phosphate as compared to HDL2. In addition, HDL3 displayed an elevated ratio of apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) to apoAII, and increased activities of HDL-associated enzymes with AOX properties. We have also studied mechanisms involved in the AOX activity of HDL Our data suggest a two-step mechanism involving transfer of phospholipids hydroperoxides (PLOOH) from oxidized LDL to HDL ; this step is influenced by the fluidity of the PL monolayer de HDL, and the reduction of PLOOH to redox-inactive PLOH largely through the action of two methionine residues of apoAI. This study emphasizes the importance of HDL in mitigating potential atherogenecity of LDL
Ibrahim, Salam. "MISE EN ÉVIDENCE ET CARACTÉRISATION DU TRANSFERT DE PHOSPHOLIPIDES DES LIPOPROTÉINES DE TRÈS BASSE DENSITÉ AUX PLAQUETTES SANGUINES.INTÉRÊT PARTICULIER DANS LE DIABÈTE DE TYPE 2." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00267424.
Full textDans un premier temps, nous avons montré que ce transfert est stimulé in vitro par l'activation plaquettaire ainsi que par la lipolyse des VLDL induite par la lipoprotéine lipase. Ensuite, nous avons rapporté, grâce à une série expérimentale impliquant divers inhibiteurs métaboliques, que le transfert des PL aux plaquettes dépendait de l'activité de la phospholipase A2 cytosolique.
Enfin, nous avons analysé les anomalies de ce transfert dans le diabète de type 2, et montré l'incidence qu'elles pouvaient avoir sur l'hyperactivation plaquettaire caractéristique de cette pathologie.
Côté, Claude. "Impact des désordres métaboliques et rôle de l'inflammation dans la physiopathologie de la sténose aortique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25707/25707.pdf.
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