Relevant bibliographies by topics / Recapitulation Theory

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Recapitulation Theory'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Recapitulation Theory"

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Dougherty-Johnson. "Recapitulation Theory." Fourth Genre: Explorations in Nonfiction 18, no. 1 (2016): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/fourthgenre.18.1.0069.

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MacBride, E. W. "The Recapitulation Theory." Science Progress 92, no. 3-4 (September 2009): 355–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003685040909200310.

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Riley, Matthew. "The Sonata Principle Reformulated for Haydn Post-1770 and a Typology of his Recapitulatory Strategies." Journal of the Royal Musical Association 140, no. 1 (2015): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690403.2015.1008862.

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AbstractHaydn's ‘recomposition’ of the recapitulation is well known, but this article proposes, against received wisdom, that Haydn composed as though following a rule in the recapitulations of fast sonata-form movements from the 1770s onwards. The article extends William E. Caplin's functional theory to the Haydn recapitulation in order to revive the ‘sonata principle’, restated and limited to fast movements in Haydn's instrumental cycles. It then lays out a typology of Haydn's recapitulatory strategies that unfold within the constraints of the sonata principle.
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Guez, Jonathan. "Toward a Theory of Recapitulatory Tonal Alterations." Journal of Music Theory 63, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 209–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00222909-7795269.

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Despite differences in critical alignment, epistemological underpinnings, and reportorial coverage, studies of sonata forms nevertheless tend to share one feature: they devote the least amount of space to recapitulations. Two presuppositions might explain this neglect: (1) the recapitulation is an exact (or near-exact) restatement of the exposition’s thematic materials, and (2) it takes but one tonal alteration (or “adjustment”) of these materials to make a recapitulation conclude in the key in which it began. This article aims to examine the second of these presuppositions in hopes of painting a more complete and analytically adequate picture of actual practices. Its goals are, first, to give an idea of the range of strategies available to composers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and, second, to show how familiarity with these strategies can open a space for new interpretations of formal drama and the plotting of narrative. The central analytic section of the article presents a taxonomy of six compositional strategies for making tonal alterations: alterations in silence, immediate alterations, thick alterations, multiple alterations, alterations without adjustment, and self-effacing alterations.
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Koops, Willem. "No developmental psychology without recapitulation theory." European Journal of Developmental Psychology 12, no. 6 (October 21, 2015): 630–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2015.1078234.

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Amrullah, Amrullah, Subhilhar Subhilhar, and Muryanto Amin. "Profesionalisme Penyelenggara Adhoc dalam Keberatan Saksi di Tahapan Rekapitulasi Hasil Penghitungan Suara Tingkat Kecamatan." PERSPEKTIF 10, no. 2 (July 8, 2021): 321–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/perspektif.v10i2.4426.

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The purpose of this research is to answer the professionalism of the District Election Committee (PPK) in carrying out the adhoc district level recapitulation in carrying out the recapitulation at the sub-district level, in particular the follow-up to the witness's objection makes it possible for various problems that cannot be resolved in the recapitulation at the sub-district level, so that they arise again. at the district level. This study uses the main theory of electoral integrity from Pippa Norris. To explain KDP's professionalism, Gregorius Sahdan's theory of professionalism is used. To see the form of resolution of the witness' objection, the theory of conflict resolution from Spiegel, Novri Susan, and Ralf Dahrendorf will be used. The research findings show that the professionalism of KDP in the recapitulation at the sub-district level is very good in terms of regulatory capacity and implementative capacity. Judging from the administrative capacity, there are still several shortcomings due to reduced accuracy as a result of the very high workload and work intensity of KDP. In addition, the witness's objection in the recapitulation at the sub-district level had been properly accommodated by the PPK based on the provisions of the law and PKPU. The model that was used by the PPK to follow up on the objections of witnesses was discussion (consolidation), recommendations from the District Panwaslu (mediation), and through a lawsuit to the Constitutional Court (arbitration). These methods are applied in stages and conditionally.
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Armitage, Kevin C. "“The Child Is Born a Naturalist”: Nature Study, Woodcraft Indians, and the Theory of Recapitulation." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 6, no. 1 (January 2007): 43–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781400001602.

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Beginning in the 1890s, the nature study movement advocated direct contact with the natural world to develop in children an appreciation for natural history, the beginnings of scientific inquiry, aesthetic and spiritual interests as well as the motivation to conserve nature. Defense of nature study pedagogy came from the theory of recapitulation. Recapitulation held that as humans developed they repeated the evolutionary history of the human race. Children were thus thought to be like Indians: primitive people with an innate closeness to nature. The most popular proponent of these ideas was Ernest Thompson Seton, widely read author, illustrator, and founder of the nature study boys club, the Woodcraft Indians. Nature study advocates hoped that the theory of recapitulation would allow them to bridge the modern and romantic, antimodern tendencies in their movement. Despite an intense focus on premodern virtues, nature study and the Woodcraft Indians mostly served to ease the tensions and incongruities of modern life.
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JAUHIAINEN, MARKO. "Recapitulation and Chronological Progression in John's Apocalypse: Towards a New Perspective." New Testament Studies 49, no. 4 (October 2003): 543–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688503000298.

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Most critical scholars have adopted some form of recapitulation theory to explain the chronological relationship between the seven seals, trumpets and bowls, but John was more interested in the chronological progression within the last days than is usually acknowledged. The seventh (or sixth) seal does not describe the ‘end’, but ushers in the Day of the Lord, which culminates in the seven bowls. While John does use the technique of recapitulation, he does not do so in the key texts usually adduced in support of the theory.
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Syed, Nida, Arfa Saeed, and Muhammad Farrukh. "Organization Commitment and Five Factor Model of Personality: Theory Recapitulation." Journal of Asian Business Strategy 5, no. 8 (September 26, 2015): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.1006/2015.5.8/1006.8.183.190.

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Organizational commitment is one of the most popular psychological construct which plays a vital role in predicting work behavior. There are many approaches to study organizational commitment, and one of them is an individual difference approach. Since organizational commitment is one kind of job attitudes, and personality traits might predispose individual to experience raised or lowered levels of his or her organizational commitment. In connection to the previous studies, this research is aimed to examine the association among big five personality traits (FFM with dimensions of the organizational commitment. A questionnaire was adopted from the previous studies and a total number of 150 responses were gathered from the lecturer/supervisors working in public universities located in Lahore, Pakistan. The results of the research demonstrated that there is a significant relationship between FFM and organizational commitment dimensions. Furthermore, the results of stepwise regression analyses showed that conscientiousness and openness to experience are positively associated with affective commitment. Openness to experience is negatively linked to continuance commitment, extroversion, and neuroticism is negatively associated with normative commitment.
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VIDAL-TIBBITS, MERCÈ. "OLLER AND ZOLA: A RECAPITULATION." Catalan Review: Volume 3, Issue 2 3, no. 2 (January 1, 1989): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/catr.3.2.9.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Recapitulation Theory"

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TARDITI, SPAGNOLI GIORGIO. "Nurture becomes nature: the evolving place of psychology in the theory of evolution." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/80377.

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The thesis here presented establishes a triple parallelism between biology and psychology. First, through Haeckel's recapitulation theory as the source of freudian and jungian psychology. Second, from the reductionist view of science to the new phenomenology of evolutionary developmental biology. Third, by overcoming the reductionist paradigm in biology through the Extended Synthesis and in psychology though the revisited archetype theory. By establishing these parallelisms, the thesis faces the nature vs. nurture debate on three epistemological levels, in which the external and internal levels are being mediatied by a middle one. This turns the dualistic debate into a heuristic paradigm aimed to resolve any irreducible dualism inherent in the reductionist view
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House, Sean David. "Theories of atonement and the development of soteriological paradigms : implications of a pentecostal appropriation of the Christus Victor model." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6539.

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Atonement theories have great implications for the soteriological paradigms associated with them, but their significance has not always been recognized in the formulation of theological systems, the lack of dogmatic definition by ecumenical council encouraging diversification and isolation from other doctrinal loci. The strongest coherence between an atonement model and soteriology can be seen in the reformed tradition, and its theory of penal substitution has become the standard accepted by many non-reformed protestant groups, including classical pentecostalism. Tensions persist in the theological system of pentecostalism because of its pairing of penal substitution with the soteriological paradigm of its foundational symbol of faith, the full gospel of Jesus as savior, sanctifier, baptizer with the Spirit, healer, and coming king. This vision of salvation is broader than that of protestant orthodoxy, which through its atonement theory deleteriously separates the death of Christ from his work in life and strictly limits the subjects and nature of salvation, specifically to addressal of elect individuals’ sins. It is proposed that this tension within the pentecostal system be relieved not through a reduction of its soteriology but a retrieval of the Christus victor model, the atonement theory of the ancient and Eastern church. As reintroduced to the Western church by G. Aulén, this model interprets the saving work of Christ along two lines: recapitulation, the summing up and saving of humanity via the incarnation, and ransom, the deliverance of humanity from the hostile powers holding it in bondage. In a contemporary, pentecostal appropriation of this model, aid is taken from K. Barth’s concept of nothingness to partially demythologize the cosmic conflict of the Bible, and pentecostalism reinvigorates the Eastern paradigm of salvation as theosis or Christification via the expectation of the replication of Christ’s ministry in the Christian. The study shows Christus victor can give a more stable base for a broader soteriology that is concerned with the holistic renewal of the human person. To demonstrate the developed model’s vigor and applicability beyond pentecostalism, the study closes by bringing it into conversation with the concerns of three contemporary theological movements.
Philosophy & Systematic Theology
D. Th. (Systematic Theology)
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Books on the topic "Recapitulation Theory"

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Davidson, Percy E. The Recapitulation Theory And Human Infancy. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2007.

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Davidson, Percy E. The Recapitulation Theory And Human Infancy. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2007.

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Newton, Michael. The Atavistic Nightmare. Edited by Jay Williams. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199315178.013.14.

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This essay argues that Jack London’s fantastic tales hinge on a belief in the theory of recapitulation, and that a common concern with the past-haunted self characterizes these stories. Taking Before Adam (1906), “A Relic of the Pliocene” (1904), “When the World Was Young” (1913) and The Star Rover (1915), and the ghost stories, “Who Believes in Ghosts!” and “Planchette” (1906) and “The Eternity of Forms” (1910) as its examples, the essay shows how London returns again and again to people, objects, creatures who exist as echoes of the past. His is a “recapitulatory” imagination, and here selves are doubled with past selves. London pictures contemporary identity in this way to expose the crack in modernity, that it is in fact not modern at all, or only in so far as it is also primitive, a reprise.
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Fitzpatrick, Antonia. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790853.003.0006.

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This Conclusion is intended as a straightforward recapitulation of the principal arguments of this study: that Aquinas’s thought on the composition of human nature and the body in particular cannot be understood apart from the theological and social context that informed it; that Aquinas’s account of matter is far more subtle than is conventionally supposed; that Aquinas presents a clear account of the autonomy of the body relative to the soul, and that this revolves around the body’s accidental structural form, dimensive quantity; and that Aquinas’s thought on the postmortem continuity of the matter particular to individual bodies is muddled, and that this should not lower but if anything raise our opinion of him as a thinker, especially given his innovative exploitation of Averroes’ theory of matter and the doctrinal consequences of his thought on the body more generally, in the late thirteenth century and beyond.
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Florian, Hoffmann. Part IV Debates, Ch.46 International Legalism and International Politics. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198701958.003.0047.

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This chapter attempts to measure the gap between law and politics, in a recapitulation of where the liberal project of international law stands, as framed within the tensions evident in the international lawyers’ professional preference for legal objectivism and political agnosticism and, on the other hand, their equally professional unwillingness to openly admit to this preference. Legalism represents that gap, yet it is curiously everywhere and nowhere in international law, a paradox produced by the still empty space between the law and the political. But if one follows a historical-critical reading of international law, ‘legalism’ was already born as an ideological framework to defend a liberal internationalist project.
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Sajó, András, and Renáta Uitz. The Constitution of Freedom. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198732174.001.0001.

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With the rise of populist, anti-constitutional sentiment and the normalization of the anti-terror state it has once again become imperative to explain what constitutionalism means for the constitutional legal order and the political community which is meant to live by it. This book’s intention is less to guide technically proper constitution-writing and interpretation, but rather showing what is at stake in the debate on constitutionalism. It aims to demonstrate why constitutionalism should continue to matter. In doing so, the constitutional facts are left to speak for themselves. Muses and technicians of classic constitutions are lined up alongside the inspired architects of more recent ones to show what constitutionalism can be about and what constitutions have become in constitutional law. Constitutional democracy is more fragile and less ‘natural’ than autocracy. Unfortunately, more and more people find autocracy attractive, because they were never forced to understand or imagine what despotism is. They also conveniently failed to protect themselves emotionally and intellectually against the cult of simple solutions. Generations who lived in stable democracies with the promise that their enviable world will become the global ‘normal’ find this difficult to conceive. It is difficult, but never too late to look at one’s own constitutional system as one that is fragile and in need of constant attention and care. Therefore, recapitulating how constitutionalism protects us and how it can be undone with its very own means became the task of this book.
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Book chapters on the topic "Recapitulation Theory"

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Mazzola, Guerino, Jason Noer, Yan Pang, Shuhui Yao, Jay Afrisando, Christopher Rochester, and William Neace. "Recapitulation of Creativity Theory." In The Future of Music, 197–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39709-8_22.

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Davis, Edward B. "Embryology and the Recapitulation Theory." In The Antievolution Pamphlets of Harry Rimmer, 3–22. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003003434-1.

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Pittenger, Frank. "Recapitulation and the Vicissitudes of Progress, From Freud to the Frankfurt School." In Critical Theory and Psychoanalysis, 66–94. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003215301-3.

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Kimmel, Anna Jayne. "Of the spaces between: prepositional events throughout the Festival de Marseille." In Embodying Peripheries, 216–37. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-661-2.10.

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This chapter considers the Festival de Marseille-danse et arts multiple 2017 as a successful apparatus of transition from positions of non-place to place in one of Europe’s most diverse cities. Through its temporary installation, the festival crossed spatial, aesthetic, and thematic divisions of the center and periphery, constructing bridges of movement between these invisible borders. In doing so, this chapter troubles the traditional affirmation that the value of performance is most prominently interpreted during its enactment. Instead, it leverages the spatial turn of French theory to emphasize that the festival's significance extends to the process of coming-to-stage, and highlights participant interactions with the city as facilitated by the festival’s infrastructure. In re-framing the boundaries of the festival’s intended performance scene from the aestheticized proscenium to the larger social context of Marseille, a voyeuristic and objectifying gaze is removed from the staged bodies and redirected to a new embodied praxis of inclusion and exclusion, rehearsed for, and by, the performer whose ephemeral offering is too often pushed to the periphery or essentialized at the center but never allowed full placement. To move away from accentuating the fixed nouns and verbs of place in a recapitulation of the actors and how they danced, this chapter instead looks toward the mechanisms that scaffolded the relationship between the two—the grammar of the event—which both exceeded and preceded its actual content. What emerges is an attention toward prepositional events, the mechanics of societies that facilitate and articulate such relations.
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Olguín Martínez, Jesús. "Chapter 14. A typological study of tail-head linkage constructions." In Discourse Phenomena in Typological Perspective, 403–32. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.227.14olg.

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This paper explores tail-head linkage constructions in a convenience sample of 58 languages. Special attention is paid to recapitulative constructions in which reported speech clauses are omitted and only the quotative verb is recapitulated and summary constructions composed of a light verb accompanied by a deictic and dependency marker. These strategies are more frequent in East Tucanoan languages in the sample. Interestingly, neighboring languages not genetically related to East Tucanoan have both strategies. It is proposed that the most obvious explanation seems to be language contact. This is because: (1) the languages are spoken in the same region, (2) they are not genetically related, and (3) the probability of chance resemblance is low given the rarity of the strategies.
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Pollock, John L. "Recapitulation." In Nomic Probability and the Foundations of Induction. Oxford University Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195060133.003.0010.

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The purpose of this book is to clarify probability concepts and analyze the structure of probabilistic reasoning. The intent is to give an account that is precise enough to actually be useful in philosophy, decision theory, and statistics. An ultimate objective will be to implement the theory of probabilistic reasoning in a computer program that models human probabilistic reasoning. The result will be an AI system that is capable of doing sophisticated scientific reasoning. However, that takes us beyond the scope of the present book. The purpose of this chapter is to give a brief restatement of the main points of the theory of nomic probability and provide an assessment of its accomplishments. The theory of nomic probability has a parsimonious basis. This consists of two sets of principles. First, there are the epistemic principles (A3) and (D3):(A3) If F is projectible with respect to G and r > .5, then ┌prob(F/G) > r┐ is a prima facie reason for the conditional ┌Gc ⊃ Fc┐, the strength of the reason depending upon the value of r. (D3) If F is projectible with respect to H then ┌Hc & prob(F/G&H) < prob(F/G) ┐ is an undercutting defeater for rprob(F/G) > r┐ as a prima facie reason for ┌Gc ⊃ Fc┐. Second, there are some computational principles that generate a calculus of nomic probabilities. These principles jointly constitute the conceptual role of the concept of nomic probability and are the basic principles from which the entire theory of nomic probability follows. The epistemic principles presuppose a prior epistemological framework governing the interaction of prima facie reasons and defeaters. Certain aspects of that framework play an important role in the theory of nomic probability. For example, the principle of collective defeat is used recurrently throughout the book. The details of the epistemological framework are complicated, but they are not specific to the theory of probability. They are part of general epistemology. The computational principles are formulated in terms of what some will regard as an extravagant ontology of sets of possible objects and possible worlds. It is important to realize that this ontology need not be taken seriously.
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Kay, William. "The Theory Of Recapitulation." In Moral Development, 72–92. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315192307-3.

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"Recapitulation and an Epilogue." In A Theory of the State, 267–76. Cambridge University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511606182.017.

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Gibbs, Jack P. "Recapitulation and Derivation of Theorems." In A Theory About Control, 173–87. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429040184-8.

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Belkić, Dževad. "Recapitulation on double scattering mechanisms." In Principles of Quantum Scattering Theory, 260–64. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429146497-37.

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Conference papers on the topic "Recapitulation Theory"

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Crepaldi, Gianluca, and Pia Andreatta. "THE CONCEPT OF CUMULATIVE TRAUMA IN TIMES OF COVID-19: COULD KHANS THEORY BECOME USEFUL AGAIN?" In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact079.

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"The paper discusses whether the psychoanalytic concept of Cumulative Trauma could be a valuable theoretical contribution in understanding possible traumatization’s of children in the course of the Covid-19 pandemic, as they may quite often face a multiple stressed parent during a lockdown, who’s parental function is on the verge breaching. This concept of trauma as established by British Psychoanalyst Masud Khan in 1963 was hardly taken into account in recent trauma research and it has seen little discussion in psychodynamic literature; if at all, it has been used as a merely descriptive category, without considering the suspension of the parental care function, which was identified as the decisive traumatogenic factor for the child’s traumatization. The paper begins with a recapitulation of the original theory and then moves on to linking the Cumulative Trauma to current research contexts (attachment, mentalization, developmental trauma disorder). Finally, the relevance of the concept for parenting in times of the Covid-19 pandemic is explored on the basis of a short clinical case example."
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Hayuningsih, Annisa Farida, and Heri Sutanta. "Utilizing Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to Evaluate Data Sharing Facility of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs) at the Local Government Level in Indonesia." In The 2nd International Conference on Technology for Sustainable Development. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-4y9477.

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Indonesia was part of the first Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs) adopter since 1993 [8]. The motivation of SDIs development is to connect thematics spatial data among governments agencies in Local and Central Governments. Data sharing able to reduce data redundancy and allows spatial data to be used multiple times for various purposes [21, 12]. Since the issuance of Presidential Regulation No. 27 of 2014 concerning the National Geospatial Information Network, Central and Local Government develop their geoportal or web gis. This research aims to evaluate the web gis or geoportal at local level based on Perceived Ease of Use (PEU), Perceived Usefulness (PU), Attitude Toward Using (ATU), and Actual Usage (AU). The data source of this research is correspondent’s questionnaire answer. The questionnaire filled up by Development Planning Agency at Sub-National Level (Bappeda) in Indonesia. To obtain research results, the step of study is developing questionnaire, sending questionnaire, questionnaire recapitulation, hypothesis formulation, Strucured Equation Model (SEM) modeling, and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) calculations. the questions in the questionnaire must refer to the four basic SEM models so that there is no blank value in any of the models. The benefits of this research can predict the adoption of SDIs at the local level and evaluate user respond about ease, convenience, and consistency in using geoportals at districts/cities level for sharing data. As a result of this research, TAM can evaluate the acceptance of geoportal at Local Government. In this research, TAM was able to assess the hypotheses used in this study. Among the 5 hypotheses, 3 hypotheses were accepted because they had a t-value greater than 0.05. Based on the hypothesis test results, it can be obtained that local governments can receive the convenience and benefits of geoportals or web GIS as a service for sharing spatial data.
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Milivojević, Nevena, David Caballero, Mariana Carvalho, Marko Živanović, Nenad Filipovic, Rui Reis, and Joaquim Oliveira. "ENGINEERING A MICROFLUDIC PLATFORM AS A PRE-CLINICAL MODEL FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS." In 1st INTERNATIONAL Conference on Chemo and BioInformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac,, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi21.259m.

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Further technological advances are in great need for improving our understanding about critical biological and fundamental pathological processes, such as tissue development and cancer progression, or for the discovery and screening of novel pharmacological drugs. Preclinical experimentation demands for highly reliable and physiologically-relevant systems capable of recapitulating the complex human physiology. Traditional in vitro models, albeit widely employed, fail to reproduce the complexity of the native scenario with cells displaying aberrant gene expressions. Similarly, in vivo animal models, such as mice, poorly mimic the human condition and are ethically questionable. During the last decades, a new paradigm in preclinical modelling has emerged aiming to solve the limitations of the aforementioned methods. The combination of advanced tissue engineering, nanotechnology, and cell biology has resulted in the development of cutting-edge microfluidics-based models with an unprecedented ability to recreate within a microfluidic device the native habitat of cells within a microengineered chip. A diverse variety of micro- and bio-fabrication techniques is available for the development of microfluidic devices. Among all them, UV-photolithography and soft lithography is the considered the gold-standard method for the fabrication of chips due to its simplicity, versatility, and rapid prototyping. In this work, we describe the step-by-step fabrication procedure of a microfluidic chip by UV-photolithography and replica molding and discuss about their potential applications in the biomedical field.
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Zavrel, Erik A., Michael L. Shuler, and Xiling Shen. "A Simple Aspect Ratio Dependent Method of Patterning Microwells for Selective Cell Attachment." In 2018 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2018-6811.

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3-D culture has been shown to provide cells with a more physiologically authentic environment than traditional 2-D (planar) culture [1, 2]. 3-D cues allow cells to exhibit more realistic functions and behaviors, e.g., adhesion, spreading, migration, metabolic activity, and differentiation. Knowledge of changes in cell morphology, mechanics, and mobility in response to geometrical cues and topological stimuli is important for understanding normal and pathological cell development [3]. Microfabrication provides unique in vitro approaches to recapitulating in vivo conditions due to the ability to precisely control the cellular microenvironment [4, 5]. Microwell arrays have emerged as robust alternatives to traditional 2D cell culture substrates as they are relatively simple and compatible with existing laboratory techniques and instrumentation [6, 7]. In particular, microwells have been adopted as a biomimetic approach to modeling the unique micro-architecture of the epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract [8–10]. The inner (lumen-facing) surface of the intestine has a convoluted topography consisting of finger-like projections (villi) with deep well-like invaginations (crypts) between them. The dimensions of villi and crypts are on the order of hundreds of microns (100–700 μm in height and 50–250 μm in diameter) [11]. While microwells have proven important in the development of physiologically realistic in vitro models of human intestine, existing methods of ensuring their surface is suitable for cell culture are lacking. Sometimes it is desirable to selectively seed cells within microwells and confine or restrict them to the microwells in which they are seeded. Existing methods of patterning microwells for cell attachment either lack selectivity, meaning cells can adhere and migrate anywhere on the microwell array, i.e., inside microwells or outside of them, or necessitate sophisticated techniques such as micro-contact printing, which requires precise alignment and control to selectively pattern the bottoms of microwells for cell attachment [12, 13].
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