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Journal articles on the topic 'Rebuilt traditions'
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1
Overmyer, Daniel L. "Religion in China Today: Introduction." China Quarterly 174 (June 2003): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009443903000196.
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In the last 20 years religious traditions in many parts of China have revived their activities and organizations and rebuilt their temples, mosques and churches, despite decades of strict regulation and repression by the government. This revival is an aspect of the greater social freedom that has accompanied the economic development and diversification of that period.
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Kintzinger, Martin. "Identities and Narratives in Medieval Europe and in European Historical Research." Medieval History Journal 16, no. 2 (October 2013): 371–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971945813514903.
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In medieval Europe from the late antiquity onwards up to about 1500, social and political identities were constructed by learned men in order to legitimise current developments and prevailing situations. According to this point of view, the older a tradition could be claimed, the better it was suited to explain their own reality. Ancient kings and heroes as well as legendary figures helped to construct a historically based identity which was defined by dynastic continuity. Conflicts and concurrences first emerged from the process of ranking different dynasties within a social hierarchy. The obligation to differ between Christian and non-Christian, antique as well as pagan traditions forced the narrative of a Christian Occident to be rebuilt. Contact with Muslims outside or even in Europe and with Jews in European cities finally led to open questions on how to behave and how to deal with one’s own identity.
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Djuric, Jelena. "The backyard of transition." Filozofija i drustvo, no. 25 (2004): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid0525261d.
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The reflection on the current period of transition in Serbian society indicates deep contradictions between the urge for European integration and the delay of institutional transformation that fuse with the indolence of a large part of the people. The crisis of values is conspicuous almost everywhere. Continuous changes have had hard consequences on Serbian society. During these changes moral patterns, values, spirituality were destroyed, rebuilt, and lost again. Hence, Serbian society now lies on the ruins of past 'traditions', general values, collective identities, and a common purpose. In everyday life, it is noticeable very often as, for example, in the Belgrade 'park-scape' whose photos obviously illustrate these problems.
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Regis, Helen, Rachel Breunlin, and Ronald Lewis. "Building Collaborative Partnerships through a Lower Ninth Ward Museum." Practicing Anthropology 33, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.33.2.mu53h77518u285pt.
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During a recent Sunday afternoon parade in the Lower Ninth Ward of New Orleans, Ronald W. Lewis hosted a birthday party for his wife Charlotte, during which he grilled in his backyard near the wraparound deck connecting his house to his museum, the House of Dance & Feathers (HODF). Dedicated to some of the most well known Black cultural traditions in New Orleans, including Mardi Gras Indians and Social and Pleasure Clubs, as well as the history of his neighborhood, it was founded by Ronald in 2003. After massive flooding devastated the neighborhood during Hurricane Katrina, the museum was rebuilt by Project Locus (a design and build nonprofit led by Patrick Rhodes), volunteer architecture students, and the Tulane City Center, and has since been featured in the Venice Biennale and Architectural Record.
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Czerner, Rafał, and Grażyna Bąkowska-Czerner. "House H10 from Marina el-Alamein on the northwest coast of Egypt." Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, no. 29/2 (December 31, 2020): 319–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2.14.
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House H10 was one of the buildings located in a Hellenistic-Roman city at the Marina el-Alamein site in Egypt, whose relics were the first to be discovered. Successive research, conducted since 1997 along with initial conservation work, has provided a comprehensive overview. The house is one of the largest and most extensive of this site. Its spatial design is a showcase for the technology typical of houses from Marina. The house is embedded in both Greco-Hellenic and Roman traditions. It is an oikos house with a courtyard with two columned porticoes situated symmetrically on either side parallel to the main axis. A third, perpendicular portico, complementing the layout of the incomplete peristyle, is imitated by the architectural decoration of the courtyard elevation, organised by semi-columns. The layout includes two main rooms located opposite each other on two sides of the peristyle. The house was rebuilt several times, which made for a complicated layout. The studies conducted have cast light on domestic religious practice and the distinctive character of the architectural and artistic interior design, including exceptional examples of figural painting. The architecture and décor of the house document the changes occurring at the intersection of Hellenistic and Roman traditions.
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Kunakhovich, Kyrill. "Reconstruction as Revolution." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 30, no. 3 (March 14, 2016): 475–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325415599193.
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This article compares the process of cultural reconstruction in two of Eastern Europe’s major cities, Kraków and Leipzig, in the first half-decade after World War II. In both cities, it argues, reconstruction radically changed the cultural landscape even as it seemed to uphold the status quo. City officials rebuilt many of the artistic institutions they knew from the prewar era, but consistently privileged those that were publicly owned and “progressive.” Such selective reconstruction greatly expanded state control over the arts while masking the fact that any change was taking place. It also made Kraków and Leipzig more alike: by accentuating each city’s leftist traditions, local officials fostered a cultural convergence without eliminating national difference. Their work was instrumental in the rise of East European communism. Grassroots reconstruction not only paved the way for cultural revolution but also helped to forge the Soviet Bloc.
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Mu, Jun, and Tie Gang Zhou. "Demonstrative Study of the Ecological Post-Quake Reconstruction of Dwellings in Poor Rural Regions of China." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.339.
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After the earthquake in Sichuan of China in 2008, price increase of conventional materials, poor conditions in transportation and resources and low levels of economy and technology are the main challenges faced by villagers’ home rebuilding. Under this background, a comprehensive demonstration village rebuild project was launched. Based on locally available natural resources and recyclable materials from collapsed houses, the local traditional earth-based technology got greatly improved in anti-seismic performance via experimental studies. By prototype-based training, the villagers quickly mastered these upgraded techniques and rebuilt homes by themselves with minimized input of manpower and material cost. Their new earth houses show a far better performance in cost-efficiency, sustainability and comfort than local conventional rebuilt dwellings. It demonstrated and conveyed an affordable, ecological, healthy and humane way of post-quake village rebuild that local villagers could take, own and pass on.
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Ullah, Irfan, Muhammad Akram Soomro, Rameez Ali Mahesar, and Khalid Rehman. "Depiction and Broadcasting of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Pakistan through Social Media." Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS ) 4, no. 4 (January 19, 2021): 793–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2020.04041326.
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The position of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) in the face of the wealth of information and skills that are passed on from one generation to another. (ICH) is expressed through the progression, expressions, knowledge and skills they represent and the associated objects and cultural spaces that people differentiate as a component of their cultural heritage that they describe through the generations and are regularly rebuilt, ensures that humanity is the simplest form of identity and continuity. Intangible cultural heritage is vital for the existence and development of society. Pakistan is a country with a culture of Indus Valley civilization of over six thousand years. All provinces of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan have their own distinct cultures and traditions. This rich intangible culture is in an exceptionally very fragile state and must be lost due to various internal and external factors and will be preserved and promoted. This article presents some phenomena and intangible cultural heritage of Pakistan through social media. The possible role of social networks in the process of preserving intangible cultural heritage (ICH) is to provide space, information and the dissemination of innovation. The areas of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) that focus on strategies and desire the role of online media are growing with the development of the latest online knowledge, research tools, analyses and visual presentation. Sharing is at the heart of the awareness process, with social networking sites, online promotion, digital objects (ICH) representing, educating and reviving.
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Trajkovski, Ilo. "Structural and institutional tendencies in the contemporary American sociology." Sociologija 48, no. 4 (2006): 341–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc0604341t.
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This article analyzes some of the most salient structural and institutional features and tendencies in the contemporary American sociology. Such analysis is based on the argument that American sociology has been functioning as a global sociological incubator in which many of the most prominent sociologists in the various national sociological traditions have been educated and professionally developed. It is argued that the institutional structure of contemporary American sociology is established during the previous two (the Chicago and the Parsonian) stages of its development. The present structural and institutional tendencies are analyzed as a result of the efforts of American sociological community to adapt them to the structural changes in the American Society as a whole, and in particularly to the changes in the habitat in which sociology articulates itself as science and as a profession. From this perspective the analysis is focused on aspects of the professional institutions, professional demography, membership in professional associations, professional labor market and of the professional ethics. For this purpose the author utilizes the very reach ASA data-base Trend Data on the Profession, which contains 39 indicators. The article concludes that the data-base describes positive institutional tendencies in the contemporary American sociology. Such tendencies rebuilt sociologist's self-confidence. Yet, this time the enthusiasm and the excitement are far away from exaltation. Following the arguments developed by P. Berger, A. Abbott and others, the author concludes that current institutional tendencies in the American sociology are strongly affected by the globalization. One of the main global challenges of the institutional structures of American sociology is the robust and well till recently marginalized European sociology.
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Shorkin, Alex D. "The thinning physicality of an artifact." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies 37, no. 2 (2021): 322–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2021.211.
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The article compares two versions of the development of cultural studies. In the first (wide) version, culture is traditionally understood as the whole artificially created “second nature”. According to the second, currently prevailing narrow version, the subject of cultural studies is the mental (ideational) aspects of cultures; the physicality of artifacts is supplanted to the periphery of research. A narrow interpretation of culture leads to a number of conceptual flaws and thematic gaps. The prospects of cultural studies are seen by the author in the advantages of a broad interpretation of culture. A model of the morphology of culture is proposed, which includes the frontier, discursive practices, and core values. Three types of artifacts form the frontier of culture on its border with the external environment (nature and other cultures): artificial things, modified organisms and social institutions. The nomenclature of discursive practices that make it possible to build a frontier includes knowledge, technology, and norms. Their historical and cultural configurations undergo significant metamorphoses. A special function of intergenerational translation of cultural achievements is performed by enculturation technologies. The values of cultures are presented, first of all, by symbols. In addition, they are transferred and rebuilt by simulacra, which are capable of performing both destructive and creative functions. Symbols promote following traditions and, simulacra — enriching or changing them. Symbols and simulacra direct the dynamics of cultures. To describe the dynamics of cultures, it is advisable to use the synergistic concept of persistent and transmutation attractors. In persistent attractors, cultures are delicately adapted to external challenges they are accustomed to. A drastic change in challenges pushes culture into one of two transmutation attractors, where it either perishes or gets a chance to become a civilization.
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Molnar, Thomas. "The Utopian Tradition and Western Intellectuals." Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 4, no. 1 (1992): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jis199241/24.
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The thesis of this essay is that utopianism is an attempt to arrest the course of time, at a point where the Utopian manipulator finds it ripe for a radical transformation. So radical that Utopia will lack human features, personhood, family, reformable institutions, knowledge freely acquired, and art also freely created. The Utopian manipulator himself is the "intellectual" of modem times whose hatred of the human condition as it is---because God created it---is such that everything deserves to be destroyed. Afterwards, it would be rebuilt, but the foundation of reconstruction would be a different human nature.
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Molnar, Thomas. "The Utopian Tradition and Western Intellectuals." Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 4, no. 1 (1992): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jis199241/24.
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The thesis of this essay is that utopianism is an attempt to arrest the course of time, at a point where the Utopian manipulator finds it ripe for a radical transformation. So radical that Utopia will lack human features, personhood, family, reformable institutions, knowledge freely acquired, and art also freely created. The Utopian manipulator himself is the "intellectual" of modem times whose hatred of the human condition as it is---because God created it---is such that everything deserves to be destroyed. Afterwards, it would be rebuilt, but the foundation of reconstruction would be a different human nature.
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Li, Jun Huan, and Na Liu. "Renewal and Development of Vernacular Construction Material and Residence in West China." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 1567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.1567.
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Chinese vernacular residence is a unique type of architecture which evolved through time under the special geographical conditions. From the beginning of the traditional residence, it has been constructed using natural materials, forming a set of mature construction methodology with natural material. The article analyzed and reflected on the traditional building material in west China. The construction of traditional villages and residence are taken as object of study to explore the building strategy of constructing vernacular village houses. Efforts have been made to establish a conversational relation between tradition and present world and also to propel the process of renewing the vernacular architectures rationally. Moreover, references can be provided to rebuild regional culture in vast rural area in China, and the sustainable development and creation of vernacular architecture.
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Meng, Hui Ling, and Li Li. "Analysis of the Traditional Regional Architecture Energy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.213.
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The global integration process accelerated the traditional architectural style of the same tendency in China. New building materials, such as concrete, steel and glass are used, the regional architecture that suitable environment and climate characteristics were rebuilt or demolished. The energy saving mechanism and the indoor thermal and humidity environment has undergone tremendous changes, thus to some extent affected the people's way of life and life experience. Regional architecture in Henan is also faced with the same problem. Regional architecture energy saving based on the profound understanding of regional environmental and climate condition, how to make full use of local technical conditions and natural factors and taking energy-saving measures, make its accord with the local history, social and cultural characteristics, the low carbon environmental protection “Regional energy-saving mechanisms” is the right way .
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Sfameni, Carla. "RESIDENTIAL VILLAS IN LATE ANTIQUE ITALY: CONTINUITY AND CHANGE." Late Antique Archaeology 2, no. 1 (2004): 333–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134522-90000029.
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This paper surveys the architectural development of Italian villas with residential characteristics for the 4th–6th c. A.D. Literary sources relevant to aristocratic life in the countryside are also considered. Two broad phases of villa development are identified. During the late 3rd and 4th c. A.D. many villas were rebuilt, with some traditional and some new features. In the 5th and 6th c. A.D. new coherent plan types and further new features appear, such as fortifications and Christian religious buildings. Nevertheless, even in this later period, villa sites can show much continuity with the classical villa tradition. The evolution of Italian villas can generally be related to changing aristocratic lifestyles and ideas of leisure as described by the literary sources, though the relationship between archaeology and the texts is complex
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Song, Hung Chi, and Shih Ming Chen. "An Investigation on the Transformations of the Traditional House in the Modern Lifestyle – A Case Study in the Shop-Houses in Tainan City." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 4894–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.4894.
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This study on the settlement preservation has dual themes of ensuring the continuation of the architectural history and culture, and emphasizing on the needs of contemporary living space. We survey to understand what spaces has been changed when the dwellers lived their traditional shop-house for contemporary life. The intention is to set up a suitable way for settlement preservation on the view of the dwellers. We study these transformations on the traditional shop-houses of the Sheen-None street, Wu-tiao Gang, in Tainan city, Taiwan. The results indicate that preservation projects proposals should make a balance between preservation and alteration in the future.The north shop-houses preserve the first hall to the second hall, and the third hall could be rebuilt, and satisfy the needs of the architectural renewal. The south shop-houses preserve the first hall to the first atrium, and the second hall could be rebuilt, and satisfy the needs of the architectural renewal.
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Prendergast, Simon Te Ari, and Daniel K. Brown. "Architecture as a pathway to reconciliation in post-earthquake Christchurch." Journal of Public Space 2, no. 3 (December 9, 2017): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/jps.v2i3.123.
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<p>This community-based and culturally-situated design research project reflects on issues of community empowerment and activism through speculative design meant to provoke discourse within the wider New Zealand community. As design-led speculative architectural research, it reaches beyond the confines of professional practice. It challenges the norms of contemporary New Zealand architecture by investigating new architectural approaches to explicitly reflect the cultural identity of New Zealand Māori. The devastating earthquakes of September 4, 2010 and February 22, 2011 destroyed much of Christchurch. While a terrible tragedy, it also opened up the city for fundamental community based discussion. The idea of a post-colonial not just a post-earthquake city emerged, driven by Māori design and planning professionals following the leadership of local elders. The situated community for this design-led research investigation is the Ngāi Tahu iwi (Māori tribe) of Ōtautahi / Christchurch. Ngāi Tahu professionals in Ōtautahi / Christchurch developed key design aspirations pertaining to the future architecture and urban design of the new city. The city rebuild offered an opportunity to present a Ngāi Tahu vision that reflected its place identity in the new city. The site for this design research investigation is the Ngāi Tahu owned King Edward Barracks, within the Ōtautahi / Christchurch central business district. This traditional Māori settlement site had been covered with a disparate collection of urban colonial buildings, several of which were destroyed or damaged in the earthquakes. If this Ngāi Tahu owned site (and the city as a whole) is to be rebuilt, is there an opportunity for its architecture to reflect Ngāi Tahu, rather than Eurocentric models? And if so, how might such a design embody Māori and Ngāi Tahu identity, while enhancing New Zealanders’ awareness of traditional Māori design, values, and customs – all within the context of a contemporary urban fabric?</p>
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Zhu, Ning Xian. "Application of QR Code Rebuild Library Integration Community." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 1907–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.1907.
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With the development of cloud computing and IOT, IT has a significant impact on traditional library services. QR code is a key to access internet in future[1], it integrates print and digital resources together, puts up a shared bridges for them. The combination of O2O and QR code has a significant impact on the library service. This paper discusses how to a quick run-through and seamless integration of resources, explores QR code and O2O to improve service efficiency in library integration community. Finally, the paper discusses their shortage and gives some suggestions on the solution of these problems.
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Zou, Nai Wei, Qun Liang Dai, Yuan Hua Jia, Wei Zhang, and You Cun Ren. "Modeling and Simulation Research of Coaxial Parallel Hybrid Loader." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 1634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.1634.
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After analyzing the loader duty cycle with hybrid drive theory and gaining the characteristics of loader duty cycle, an integrated started generator-ISG based coaxial parallel hybrid loader is designed. Two simulation models are built with the simulation software Cruise, one is tradition loader another is hybrid loader. The simulation result of tradition loader model compare with the test data to amend the model. To gain same accuracy, the hybrid loader model is rebuilt based on the tradition loader model. According to the “I” type duty cycle, comparing the simulation result of tradition and hybrid loader, the result shows that hybrid loader can save fuel 10.4%.
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Sun, Xiaofang. "Resuming Gynocratic Principles: Cultural Reterritorialization of Native Traditions in Linda Hogan’s Fiction." English Language and Literature Studies 11, no. 4 (September 27, 2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v11n4p36.
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Native Americans’ cultural system has been utterly undermined in the early colonial conquest and the later neo-colonial expansion. Cultural annihilation is primarily caused by the forced cultural assimilation, especially by the white government’s practice of eradicating native traditions and beliefs. To rebuild the native culture system, Native American writer Linda Hogan attempts to employ the pre-colonial gynocratic principles in her literary creation, thus reterritorializing their cultural identity among the modern natives. This paper reveals how Hogan effectively resumes the ancient gynocratic principles by portraying a series of typical female images in the woman-centered native community, with an aim to fight against cultural assimilation guided by the white male-dominated western metaphysical epistemology.
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Ritondale, Elena, and Constanza Ternicier. "Introduction: Rereading the Subject in Latin American Literature: reinvent the identity and rebuild the tradition." Mitologías hoy 13 (June 16, 2016): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/mitologias.326.
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Huan, Do Danh. "The Recovery of Traditional Cultural Values in Rural Area in North Vietnam in the Doi Moi Period." Journal of Asian Development 7, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jad.v7i1.18582.
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Due to the lingering impacts of the Vietnam war and the difficulties that Vietnam has been confronting in the post-war period, traditional cultural values in rural areas in North Vietnam were neglected. Since Đổi mới (in 1986), the Communist Party of Vietnam and the Vietnamese government have drawn more concern and been thoroughly aware of the role of culture on Vietnam’s developing path of the country. In addition, the remarkable growth of Vietnam’s economy recently paves the way for Vietnamese residents to rebuild and renew their spiritual lifeas well as enjoy benefits created based on traditional cultural values. This research elucidates the resilience of conventional cultural values in rural areas in North Vietnam in the Đổi mới period, particularly emphasizing the following aspects: Inhabitants’ contributions to build and rebuild temples and pagodas; reinstating conventional rituals and festivals; restoring family customs, and compiling village convention.
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Choi, Ik-sun, Seung-Min Na, Jong-Keun Seon, and Eun-Kyoo Song. "Kinematic Analysis of Total Knee Arthroplasty using Verasense: Genesis-II prosthesis versus Anthem prosthesis." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 5_suppl5 (May 1, 2020): 2325967120S0010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00107.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to elucidate kinematic change according to the implant’s specific femoral rotation by using orthosensor (Verasense) implant with three degrees external rotation of femoral rotation rebuilt (Genesis-II) and traditional TKA implant without rebuilt of the femoral rotation (Anthem). Methods Twenty-eight patients (34 knees) underwent TKA using Anthem (Smith &Nephew, Memphis, TN, USA) and 16 patients (22 knees) underwent TKA using Genesis-II (Smith & Nephew, Memphis, TN, USA). Patients were followed up for at least 1 year. Mean age of patients was 71.1 years (range, 60 to 80 years) at the time of surgery. After implantation of femur and tibial components, we applied Verasense, the orthosensor system, to evaluate femoral rollback of the new artificial joint. Femoral rollback was analyzed using digitized screenshot function of Verasense. Results Overall femoral tracking proportion regardless of implants was significantly higher on the medial compartment compared to that on the lateral compartment (13.3 ±8.4% vs. 6.3 ± 5.0%, p < 0.001). Regarding femoral tracking according to each compartment, Genesis-II and Anthem showed 12.1 ± 8.2% and 14.2 ± 8.6% ( p = 0.371) on the medial compartment and 8.0 ± 5.8% and 5.2 ± 4.2% ( p = 0.059) on the lateral compartment, respectively. Conclusion Our study showed reverse femoral roll-back movement with higher tracking distance on the lateral compartment during TKA. Genesis-II TKA system with femoral component 3-degree rebuilt showed less roll-back difference between medial and lateral compartments compared to traditional TKA system. Fortunately, both TKA systems had excellent short-term clinical outcomes without having significant difference between the two. With longer follow-up and larger cohort, the advantage and effectiveness of femoral component rotation can be elucidated in the future.
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Kawazoe, Saori, Saikaku Toyokawa, Fumiko Imai, and Masaki Urano. "Challenges for Safe and Secure Community Development in Traditional Architectures Preservation Districts – A Case Study on Tochigi District." Journal of Disaster Research 10, no. 5 (October 1, 2015): 874–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2015.p0874.
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This paper describes the process in which the network for those who are engaged with individual fields has been rebuilt and the local community reorganized by adding a new group of persons to the existing one through sharing the common prospective to designate the Traditional Architecture Preservation District, in another word to inherit the local culture. We have conducted action research in the field of Traditional Architectures Preservation District in Tochigi City. This research points out that the social vulnerability of the community could be addressed by raising the consciousness on “protection of community with the help of all,” and by reorganizing the community, which would lead to comprehensive disaster prevention.
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TZENOV, STEPHAN I. "IRROTATIONAL MOMENTUM FLUCTUATIONS CONDITIONING THE QUANTUM NATURE OF PHYSICAL PROCESSES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 26 (October 20, 2006): 5299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06033866.
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Starting from a simple classical framework and employing some stochastic concepts, the basic ingredients of the quantum formalism are recovered. It has been shown that the traditional axiomatic structure of quantum mechanics can be rebuilt, so that the quantum mechanical framework resembles to a large extent that of the classical statistical mechanics and hydrodynamics. The main assumption used here is the existence of a random irrotational component in the classical momentum. Various basic elements of the quantum formalism (calculation of expectation values, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, the correspondence principle) are recovered by applying traditional techniques, borrowed from classical statistical mechanics.
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GORE, Lance L. P. "Rebuilding the Leninist Party in 2016." East Asian Policy 09, no. 01 (January 2017): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930517000034.
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In 2016 Chinese President Xi elevated himself to the “core” of the top leadership, beefed up intra-party supervision, and tried to resurrect the intra-party norms and traditions of intra-party political life developed in the Mao era. He also attempted to rebuild the ideological orthodoxy in order to restore the integrity and discipline of the Leninist party. The difficulties in applying Marxism to today’s reality led him to mainly resort to tightening ideological control.
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de Dato, P., and Y. Hernández Navarro. "EXPERIENCES OF SOCIAL PARTICIPATION IN RECOVERY TO RECONNECT A COMMUNITY TO ITS HERITAGE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-581-2020.
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Abstract. Intervention in private vernacular heritages often causes of the loss of its cultural values in the same way as its abandonment brings it to a condition of irreversible ruin. This reflection is valid for public heritage, but in this sphere the detachment caused by ignorance, forgetfulness and contempt, contrasting with the very idea of heritage, seems to be more serious. This work starts from the reflection on the degradation of certain historical-cultural resources due fundamentally to the lack of maintenance and abandonment, leading to a strategy based on social participation as a key to success in the recovery of heritage in general. The proposal is born from the analysis of the successful intervention experiences of different assets which from the beginning have incorporated the direct and active participation of the respective communities, not only in the enhancement of the assets once they have been intervened, but also in the physical process of the intervention through craftsmanship based on the traditional trades of construction. In both cases presented in this study direct participation has allowed the traditional construction techniques and their associated cultural values to become known, to train the population in techniques to guarantee the maintenance of heritage resources in the future, to recover traditions, ethnographic culture and local history, and finally to rebuild the broken links of attachment to the cultural heritage.
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Zhi, Jian Ren. "Study on the Traditional Style and Protection of the Historical Street in Dingzhou City." World Construction 6, no. 1 (May 2, 2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/wc.v6i1.91.
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The level of urbanization is not high in the small towns and economic development is still the primary goal of such cities. The primary industry and the secondary industry are the main pillars of the industrial structure. The historical and cultural protection and utilization have not been taken seriously. China has thousands of years of splendid history of civilization, while traces of historical accumulation can be easily found in every city. The different characteristics of the historical styles can be seen in many small towns and in tier four and five cities. Dingzhou is located in the middle of Hebei Province with heritage of Zhongshan culture. Dingzhou has rebuilt many times as a capital and set as state government in many generations and dynasties. History of the river in Dingzhou ancient city has played an important role. The structure of the Dingzhou ancient street plays a main function where all the other main cities. Development of Dingzhou City should be taken seriously as the focus of the development of urban culture. This article mainly analyzes and discusses the related aspects of the traditional style protection of the historical streets of the central city of Dingzhou.
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Widiari, Ni Made Mei, and I. Nyoman Sunarta. "Strategi Pemulihan Pasar Badung Sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata Di Kota Denpasar." JURNAL DESTINASI PARIWISATA 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jdepar.2017.v05.i02.p25.
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This research is done in one of the largest traditional market in Denpasar, namely is Badung Market. Badung Market located on Gajah Mada street, its about 1 Km to the West of the Catur Muka Statue, in Denpasar Downtown. This research aims to determine how the recovery strategy tourism of Badung Market as a tourist attractions. This research was analyzed by the concept of a tourist attraction, and also using the concept of markets and traditional markets. After that, this research using the qualitative research of methodologies. This data was obtained from interviews of market management and direct observations in Badung Market.
The damage that occurred in Badung Market that will do by recovery strategy. This aims to rebuild market buildings that was broke. This process requires several stage, namely are: physical intervention, rehabilitation of economic and social/institusional revitalotations.
Post-fire made the biggest market in Denpasar this being lost daily activities. While this relokalisasiBadung market is still running. The damages that occur in the Badung Market will now do the recovery strategy, aims to rebuild the market buildings that have been damaged.
Keyword: market, the recovery strategy, tourist attractions.
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Cohen, Judah M. "‘Fate Leads the Willing, and Drags the Unwilling’." European Judaism 54, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 64–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ej.2021.540106.
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In this article, I explore the role that Austrian-born musicologist/composer Eric Werner (1901–1988) cultivated as a representative of musical Wissenschaft des Judenthums in postwar America. I focus here on the diary that Werner kept between 1955 and 1957 – a heretofore untapped resource – which chronicles his efforts to build intellectual refugee networks while simultaneously helping to restart an international network of Jewish music discourse spanning America, Europe and Israel. Music, in Werner’s view, required a scientific basis for study from which authentic practices could be rebuilt. Thus, while Werner relied on revitalising cantors as vessels of Jewish music, he viewed musicology as the core discipline from which Jewish music ‘tradition’ could arise.
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Huang, Zhao Dong, Wen Bing Chang, Yi Yong Xiao, and Rui Liu. "An Extended Monte Carlo Method on Simulating the Development Cost Uncertainties of Aircraft." Advanced Materials Research 118-120 (June 2010): 810–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.118-120.810.
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Monte Carlo Simulation is a general method for evaluating a deterministic model by iteratively generating inputs so as to get the natural distribution of outputs, which has often been employed for risk analysis of development cost estimation under uncertain environment. However, the traditional way of implementing Monte Carlo Simulation on cost risk analysis is always based on deterministic Cost Estimation Relation (CER) model and does not take the uncertainty of history cost data used to build CER into account, which will considerably affect the cost risk analysis. In this paper, we extend Monte Carlo Simulation model to make its simulating process cover the stage of building model so that not only the inputs are iteratively generated but also the model is iteratively rebuilt. An example is carried out to compare the extended model to the traditional one on analyzing aircraft development cost risk, which shows that the risk distribution gotten by Extended Monte Carlo Simulation is considerably different to that gotten by traditional one.
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Peña, Elaine A. "Paso Libre: Border Enactment, Infrastructure, and Crisis Resolution at the Port of Laredo 1954–1957." TDR/The Drama Review 61, no. 2 (June 2017): 11–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram_a_00645.
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In 1954, Hurricane Alice destroyed the International Bridge at Laredo, Texas (USA) and Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas (Mexico). Eager to protect trade, the Mexican federal government and the City of Laredo rushed to rebuild but right-to-toll disagreements stalled construction. Laredo officials used the long-standing tradition of George Washington’s birthday celebration and the paso libre enacted for the festivities to resolve the crisis. Mexican citizens crossed the bridge without documentation during the festivities for almost 20 years.
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Levenson, David. "THE ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL SOURCES FOR THE EMPEROR JULIAN'S ATTEMPT TO REBUILD THE JERUSALEM TEMPLE." Journal for the Study of Judaism 35, no. 4 (2004): 409–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570063042475646.
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AbstractThis article attempts to provide a complete inventory and brief sourcecritical analysis of the more than fifty sources from the fourth through the fourteenth century, representing a wide variety of literary genres and cultural contexts, that report the Emperor Julian's attempt to rebuild the Jerusalem Temple. By identifying the immediate sources of most of the accounts and discussing the complex relationships among others, the analysis is able to clarify specific historical and historiographical issues, as well, to establish afirmer basis for further research on the event itself, the sources, methods and Tendenzen of the individual works in which it is found, and the literary and ideological factors influencing the history of a tradition which has played an important role in Jewish-Christian relations.
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Richter, Hedwig. "De-Nazification, Socialism and Solidarity: Re-Establishing International Relations in the Moravian Church after 1945." Journal of Moravian History 3, no. 1 (2007): 6–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41179831.
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Abstract Despite the fierce animosities between Germans and Americans during the Second World War, a surprising sense of international fellowship developed between Moravians in the USA and in East Germany, even before the war had completely ended. The author shows how this new relationship evolved and how much East German Moravians depended on transatlantic help to rebuild their churches and communities. The old concept of an international Moravian "Unity" was revived by establishing and inventing new common traditions. The renewed international unity of the Moravian Church is placed in the context of the general awakening of internationalism after the Second World War.
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Walsh, Joseph. "The Impact of Schizophrenia on Clients’ Religious Beliefs: Implications for Families." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 76, no. 9 (November 1995): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438949507600905.
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Family functioning is disrupted when a member develops schizophrenia. This thought disorder produces major changes in the person's ability to communicate with other members and participate in the family culture. However, although schizophrenia produces bizarre or impoverished thinking, it does not usually alter the individual's prior religious belief system. The family's religious tradition can provide a context within which to rebuild relationships between the relative who has schizophrenia and other members. The author presents theoretical bases of family systems and symbolic interactionism as frameworks to guide intervention.
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Pan, Ying, and Xin Ye. "Discussion of Strategies on Vernacular Dwellings Transformation, Utilization and Renovation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 380–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.380.
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With the deepening of the process of urbanization, the survival of the traditional vernacular dwellings is becoming increasingly difficult.To be rebuild,to be retain for commemoration,to be renovate for a new life,the fortune of vernacular dwellings is unsure.Chinese architects are confused by this question.The issue tries to figure out the current situation and the prospect of vernacular dwellings protection and development,with the study of different patterns of vernacular dwellings transformation,utilization and renovation.
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Abernethy, Andrew T. "The Spirit of God in Haggai 2:5: Prophecy as a Sign of God’s Spirit." Vetus Testamentum 70, no. 4-5 (August 11, 2020): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685330-12341416.
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Abstract In Hag 2:5b, a statement unique within the Hebrew Bible appears: ורוחי עמדת בתוככם (“my spirit is standing in your midst”). Some interpret this clause as stating that God will empower the entire community by his spirit to rebuild the temple. Others interpret this as a promise that God will be present to protect his people by his spirit, as he had with the Pillar of Cloud in exodus traditions. After a critique of these standard interpretations, the case is made to support a marginal view that Hag 2:5b refers to the spirit of God in prophetic activity in the post-exilic era.
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Shrestha, Sudha, Ashim R. Bajracharya, Luna Bajracharya, Nisha Shrestha, and Monika Maharjan. "Earthquake Damage Assessment in the Traditional Town of Sankhu, Kathmandu." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 12, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v12i1.16768.
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Nepal Earthquakes 2015 April and may caused huge loss of lives and properties in the country. Several traditional buildings and monuments in the Kathmandu Valley were literally collapsed to the ground, completely changing the built form of several traditional towns such as Bungamati, Khokana, and Lubhu. In this regards, traditional town Sankhu is also not in an exception. According to the field survey, 90% of traditional houses were severely damaged in Sankhu. In this respect, this study was focused on rebuilding of Sankhu, preserving its traditional form and analyzing it from economic perspective. The study was based on household survey and the respondents were selected as per their availability and willingness to participate in the research process. The traditional building construction technology is rich in terms of resilience against earthquakes, if it is well maintained. Maintenance and repair of building elements of traditional building is relatively simple, without affecting the building structure and other building elements, as compared to RCC structure. Sankhu is economically struggling town and, it is very important to rebuild the town in traditional style to bring back its original identity for its prosperity in trade and tourism. It is an opportunity to bring some of the lost glory of the past and its outstanding building and monuments.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2016, 12(1): 27-38
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Zhu, Zixiong, Nianhao Xie, Kang Zong, and Lei Chen. "Building a Connected Communication Network for UAV Clusters Using DE-MADDPG." Symmetry 13, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): 1537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13081537.
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Clusters of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are often used to perform complex tasks. In such clusters, the reliability of the communication network connecting the UAVs is an essential factor in their collective efficiency. Due to the complex wireless environment, however, communication malfunctions within the cluster are likely during the flight of UAVs. In such cases, it is important to control the cluster and rebuild the connected network. The asymmetry of the cluster topology also increases the complexity of the control mechanisms. The traditional control methods based on cluster consistency often rely on the motion information of the neighboring UAVs. The motion information, however, may become unavailable because of the interrupted communications. UAV control algorithms based on deep reinforcement learning have achieved outstanding results in many fields. Here, we propose a cluster control method based on the Decomposed Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DE-MADDPG) to rebuild a communication network for UAV clusters. The DE-MADDPG improves the framework of the traditional multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient (MADDPG) algorithm by decomposing the reward function. We further introduce the reward reshaping function to facilitate the convergence of the algorithm in sparse reward environments. To address the instability of the state-space in the reinforcement learning framework, we also propose the notion of the virtual leader–follower model. Extensive simulations show that the success rate of the DE-MADDPG is higher than that of the MADDPG algorithm, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Yu, Hai Fang, Peng Gao, and Shun Jie Han. "Efficiency Optimization in Speed-Sensorless Control of Induction Motors." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 1214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.1214.
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An efficiency optimization model for induction motors with speed-sensorless control is presented in this paper. An mathematical loss model with stator iron loss in DTC(Direct Torque Control) system is used to calculate the motors loss, the loss efficiency and the optimal flux. Additionally, the efficiency optimization control strategy combined with the speed-sensorless model is used to rebuild the simulation modeling. The simulation results with the proposed control strategy show superior effects compared to the traditional control methods. The optimal control strategy can be achieved to improve the motor efficiency.
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Jayakrishnan S. "Rebuilding the Trust: Maggi Way." South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases 7, no. 2 (August 27, 2018): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277977918774650.
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Nestle faced one of its worst public relations crisis in India when its premium brand of noodles was found with traces of banned substances like monosodium glutamate and heavy metal like lead. The case primarily focuses on how crisis started, the steps taken by the company to address the crisis and the approach adopted by the company to rebuild trust for Maggi again in Indian markets. The case also provides insights about how the company devised an integrated media strategy to address the crisis and regain consumer trust by effectively utilizing digital and traditional media.
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Wang, Chen, and Xueling Ren. "Research on the Development Model of Black Copper Walking on Silver in Vitality Inheritance and Industrialization." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 1, no. 3 (June 23, 2021): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v1i3.25.
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"Black Copper Walking on Silver ", the unique copper production process in Yunnan, as an important part of the excellent traditional Chinese culture, its inheritance has far-reaching significance for us to establish cultural confidence and rebuild cultural identity. However, the current development of black copper and silver walking technology is difficult, and the traditional sense of protection has been unable to solve the root problem. Nowadays, the protection of black copper and silver walking skills should break the traditional static single protection mode, combine the traditional inheritance with modern protection, and grasp the intangible cultural heritage elements from the perspective of productive protection. On the basis of objectively analyzing the characteristics and development status, the article effectively connects the living inheritance with industrialization, and explores the new development mode of folk custom industrialization under the live inheritance mode, so as to promote the live inheritance of black copper walking on silver and the common development of folk economy industry.
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Shi, Zhen-Yu, Xin-Gen Zhang, Chun-Wen Li, Kang Liu, Bo-Cheng Liang, and Xiao-Lin Shi. "Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine Product, QiangGuYin, on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Turnover in Chinese Postmenopausal Osteoporosis." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6062707.
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Introduction. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of herbal formula QiangGuYin (QGY) in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods. A total of 240 participants from six clinical centers were randomly to receive alendronate 70 mg/week, QGY granules 20 g/day, and placebo. Primary end points were BMD changes over 6 and 12 months; secondary end points were bone turnover markers changes at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Safety was monitored by clinical adverse events reported during the follow-up. Results. Of 240 women recruited, 218 completed the study. Significant BMD increases from baseline were observed over 6 and 12 months at each observed part both in QGY and alendronate compared with placebo (p<0.01). Alendronate-treated subjects had significant decreases in β-CTX compared to QGY-treated subjects at each time point assessed (p<0.01). Reduction in t-P1NP was only observed in the QGY group at 3 and 6 months (−23.81% and −3.07%, resp.). No significant difference was observed in the overall incidence of clinical adverse events among the alendronate group and the QGY group (5.0% versus 7.5%, p=0.513). Conclusion. 1-Year treatment with QGY demonstrated a safe statistical increase in BMD and new balance may be rebuilt after 9 months. This trail is registered with ChiCTR-POC-16008026.
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Iordachi, Constantin. "Reconceptualizing the Social: East Central Europe and the New Sociocultural History." East Central Europe 34-35, no. 1-2 (2008): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-0340350102002.
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This introductory essay reviews recent debates on social history, with a focus on the revival of this field of studies in post-communist East Central Europe and its potential impact on rejuvenating approaches to the social history of Europe. The first part of the essay provides a brief overview of the emergence of social history as a reaction to the dominant political history of the nineteenth century and its crystallization in different national schools, and highlights recent responses to the poststructuralist and postmodern critiques of “the social.” The second part focuses on traditions of social history research in East Central Europe, taking Poland and Romania as main examples. The third part summarizes the main claims of the articles included in this issue and evaluates their implications for future research. It is argued that, at first glance, post-communist historiography in East Central Europe provides the picture of a discipline in transformation, still struggling to break up with the past and to rebuild its institutional framework, catching up with recent trends and redefining its role in continental and global historiography. The recent attempts to invigorate research in traditional fields of social history might seem largely obsolete, not only out of tune with international developments but also futile reiterations of vistas that have been for long experimented with and superseded in Western Europe. At closer scrutiny, however, historiography in East Central Europe appears—unequal and variegated as it is—as a laboratory for historical innovation and a field of experimentation, and interaction of scholars from various disciplines and scholarly traditions, in which old and new trends amalgamate in peculiar ways. It is suggested that the tendency to reconceptualize the “social” that we currently witness in humanities and social sciences worldwide could be not only reinforced but also cross-fertilized by the “social turn” in East Central Europe, potentially leading to novel approaches.
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Du, Peiling, and Chen Shi. "A Study on the Rebuild of Rural Solidarity Based on Social Media Public Space - A Case Study of Village Z in Central Anhui." International Journal of Education and Humanities 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v3i1.418.
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As modernisation and urbanisation continue to progress in China, rural areas are facing the dilemma of 'atomisation' and 'dispersion' in parallel with development. The main problems include the decline of traditional village public spaces and the weakening of village ties, which has led to the collapse of local unity. These phenomena are common throughout the country, but are more pronounced in central regions such as Anhui, where people are more mobile. As traditional public spaces tend to shrink, new virtual public spaces have been created by social media such as WeChat groups and "for the village". This paper focuses on the characteristics of the social media public space, in which grassroots villagers, elites from outside the system and members of rural grassroots organisations participate, and the role it plays in rebuilding solidarity in traditional villages.
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Point, Christophe. "La Philosophie pour enfants : une piste pour réconcilier enseignement disciplinaire et vie scolaire ?" Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philosophia 66, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphil.2021.1.08.
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"Philosophy for Children: a Way to Reconcile Disciplinary Teaching and School Life? Drawing mainly on John Dewey's writings, this contribution aims to extend the dualism of a traditional conception of education at the epistemological, pedagogical and organizational levels. This conception was already criticised by this author at the beginning of the 20th century and still remains widely present today among the school community. Through this approach, we demonstrate that the dualist approach is as many obstacles to be removed in the process both to improve and rebuild a better education. The hypothesis defended here consists to demonstrate how philosophy for children, strengthened by its pragmatist heritage, can challenge these dualisms and thereby jeopardize the traditional conception of education. Keywords: John Dewey, philosophy of education, co-curriculum, school life, philosophy for children "
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Zhai, Jun. "Towards the Emerging Paradigm of Artificial Nature: From Ecological Design to Designed Ecology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (September 2013): 795–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.795.
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With respect to the fact that pure nature has been dissolved in the contemporary cities, and therefore, traditional defensive ecological design methods should go beyond the dualism of man-mad and nature towards more broad and more active approaches of ecological analysis and planning. As a part of this revaluating process, this essay investigates the possibility of using landscape - the man-made nature as a structuring medium to construct the new order of urban ecology, and proposes the emerging paradigm of designed ecology to rebuild large scale build environment and to recollect gradually fragmented urban fabrics.
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Mironowicz, Antoni. "Najstarsze dzieje parafii mielnickich." Elpis 23 (2021): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/elpis.2021.23.18.
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The oldest history of the Orthodox parishes in Mielnik shows that they were closely related to the history of the city. The first brick temple was built in the Ruthenian stronghold in the 13th century. The tradition of the thirteenth-century temple was related to the wooden church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary built in 1431 at Drohicka Street, and then another one erected on the Ruthenian hill in 1614 and the present one built in the years 1821-1823. The Orthodox Church of the Resurrection of Christ situated on Brzeska Street at the beginning of the 16th century was of great importance to the inhabitants of the city. Rebuilt after a fire in 1648, it survived until 1878. In 1777, in the parish of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, a cemetery chapel of the Protection of the Mother of God was built, which housed the revered icon of the Mother of God of the Protection.
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Raman, Kartik Kalyan. "Utilitarianism and the Criminal Law in Colonial India: A Study of the Practical Limits of Utilitarian Jurisprudence." Modern Asian Studies 28, no. 4 (October 1994): 739–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00012531.
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The role of legal tradition in the reformist rhetoric of Benthamite Utilitarianism presents us with a contradiction. On the one hand, there is the common observation that Utilitarian jurisprudence was necessarily ahistorical and rejected the past as a source of concepts for reworking the criminal justice system existing in Britain during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. For philosophic reformers such as Bentham, contemporary British criminal justice was to be replaced by a scientific jurisprudence, abstract, universal, and secular in outlook, and antipathetic to the more conservative insistence that the foundations of the penal law continue to be tradition-based. ‘If society was to see any improvement, its law must be reformed; if its law was to be reformed it must be burned to the ground and rebuilt according to a new and rational pattern.’ On the other hand, we find that the very same Utilitarian thinkers, in works describing the state of the law in British India, were concerned with local rather than universal conceptions of criminality. In his 1782 Essay on the Influence of Time and Place in Matters of Legislation, Bentham, for instance, urged the philosophic reformer to temper change in India by fitting Utilitarian judgments about the law to the frames of local society.
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Stewart, Charles Anthony. "The First Vaulted Churches in Cyprus." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 69, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 162–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2010.69.2.162.
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The reroofing of a group of Early Christian basilicas on the Karpas peninsula is the subject of The First Vaulted Churches in Cyprus. Charles Anthony Stewart argues that the barrel vaults, which replaced the wooden roofs of these churches, can be dated to the late seventh or early eighth century. Mustering all the evidence now available and placing these monuments in their historical context, he confirms the consensus about dating that was reached, but not fully argued, by investigating archaeologists in the 1970s, Andreas Dikigoropoulos, Athanasios Papageorghiou, and A. H. S. Megaw. When these churches were rebuilt in the seventh and eighth centuries, Cyprus was a neutral state divided between the Arab Caliphate and the Byzantine Empire. In this environment, builders experimented with methods to erect and support heavy vaulting while maintaining the traditional basilical form. Their designs foreshadowed the later development of Romanesque architecture in the West.