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Wang, Haiping, Yufu Zang, Fuxun Liang, Zhen Dong, Hongchao Fan, and Bisheng Yang. "A Probabilistic Method for Fractured Cultural Relics Automatic Reassembly." Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage 14, no. 1 (February 2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3417711.
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Masses of fragile cultural relics are dug out in fragments due to long-standing burying and their fragility, which must be reassembled to play a role in cultural heritage study. However, it is very challenging to automatically reassemble a large collection of fragments of unknown geometric shapes. In this article, a novel probabilistic method for fractured cultural relics automatic reassembly is proposed to solve the problem in terms of good accuracy, efficiency, and robustness. First, a set of matching units are detected and described by the 2D Link-Chain Descriptors (LCD) and the 3D Spatial-Distribution Descriptors (SDD). Second, the pairwise reassembly probability is calculated by combining the similarities of LCD and SDD descriptors, then the collision detection is conducted to eliminate the incorrect overlapping pairs. Finally, a global optimal reassembly solution is obtained by iterative graph optimization with the constrains of the loop-closures and overlap restrictions. Comprehensive experiments with eight challenging datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieved good performance in terms of minor reassembly errors, efficiency and robustness to noise, varying point density and completeness.
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Gil, Kook-Hee, and Marsden Heather. "Existential quantifiers in second language acquisition." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 3, no. 2 (May 17, 2013): 117–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.3.2.01gil.
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Lardiere’s (2005, 2008, 2009) Feature Reassembly Hypothesis proposes that L2 acquisition involves reconfiguring the sets of lexical features that occur in the native language into feature bundles appropriate to the L2. This paper applies the Feature Reassembly Hypothesis to findings from recent research into the L2 acquisition of existential quantifiers. It firstly provides a feature-based, crosslinguistic account of polarity item any in English, and its equivalents — wh-existentials — in Chinese, Korean and Japanese. We then test predictions built on the Feature Reassembly Hypothesis, about how learners map target existential quantifiers in the L2 input onto feature sets from their L1, and how they then reassemble these feature sets to better match the target. The findings, which are largely compatible with the predictions, show that research that focuses on the specific processes of first mapping and then feature reassembly promises to lead to a more explanatory account of development in L2 acquisition.
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Imamura, Hiroshi, Kenji Takaishi, Katsutoshi Nakano, Atsuko Kodama, Hideto Oishi, Hitoshi Shiozaki, Morito Monden, Takuya Sasaki, and Yoshimi Takai. "Rho and Rab Small G Proteins Coordinately Reorganize Stress Fibers and Focal Adhesions in MDCK Cells." Molecular Biology of the Cell 9, no. 9 (September 1998): 2561–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.9.9.2561.
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The Rho subfamily of the Rho small G protein family (Rho) regulates formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions in many types of cultured cells. In moving cells, dynamic and coordinate disassembly and reassembly of stress fibers and focal adhesions are observed, but the precise mechanisms in the regulation of these processes are poorly understood. We previously showed that 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) first induced disassembly of stress fibers and focal adhesions followed by their reassembly in MDCK cells. The reassembled stress fibers showed radial-like morphology that was apparently different from the original. We analyzed here the mechanisms of these TPA-induced processes. Rho inactivation and activation were necessary for the TPA-induced disassembly and reassembly, respectively, of stress fibers and focal adhesions. Both inactivation and activation of the Rac subfamily of the Rho family (Rac) inhibited the TPA-induced reassembly of stress fibers and focal adhesions but not their TPA-induced disassembly. Moreover, microinjection or transient expression of Rab GDI, a regulator of all the Rab small G protein family members, inhibited the TPA-induced reassembly of stress fibers and focal adhesions but not their TPA-induced disassembly, indicating that, furthermore, activation of some Rab family members is necessary for their TPA-induced reassembly. Of the Rab family members, at least Rab5 activation was necessary for the TPA-induced reassembly of stress fibers and focal adhesions. The TPA-induced, small G protein-mediated reorganization of stress fibers and focal adhesions was closely related to the TPA-induced cell motility. These results indicate that the Rho and Rab family members coordinately regulate the TPA-induced reorganization of stress fibers and focal adhesions that may cause cell motility.
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Sehgal, Pravin B., Huijuan Yuan, and Ye Jin. "Rapid Reversible Osmoregulation of Cytoplasmic Biomolecular Condensates of Human Interferon-α-Induced Antiviral MxA GTPase." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 21 (October 22, 2022): 12739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232112739.
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We previously discovered that exogenously expressed GFP-tagged cytoplasmic human myxovirus resistance protein (MxA), a major antiviral effector of Type I and III interferons (IFNs) against several RNA- and DNA-containing viruses, existed in the cytoplasm in phase-separated membraneless biomolecular condensates of varying sizes and shapes with osmotically regulated disassembly and reassembly. In this study we investigated whether cytoplasmic IFN-α-induced endogenous human MxA structures were also biomolecular condensates, displayed hypotonic osmoregulation and the mechanisms involved. Both IFN-α-induced endogenous MxA and exogenously expressed GFP-MxA formed cytoplasmic condensates in A549 lung and Huh7 hepatoma cells which rapidly disassembled within 1–2 min when cells were exposed to 1,6-hexanediol or to hypotonic buffer (~40–50 mOsm). Both reassembled into new structures within 1–2 min of shifting cells to isotonic culture medium (~330 mOsm). Strikingly, MxA condensates in cells continuously exposed to culture medium of moderate hypotonicity (in the range one-fourth, one-third or one-half isotonicity; range 90–175 mOsm) first rapidly disassembled within 1–3 min, and then, in most cells, spontaneously reassembled 7–15 min later into new structures. This spontaneous reassembly was inhibited by 2-deoxyglucose (thus, was ATP-dependent) and by dynasore (thus, required membrane internalization). Indeed, condensate reassembly was preceded by crowding of the cytosolic space by large vacuole-like dilations (VLDs) derived from internalized plasma membrane. Remarkably, the antiviral activity of GFP-MxA against vesicular stomatitis virus survived hypoosmolar disassembly and subsequent reassembly. The data highlight the exquisite osmosensitivity of MxA condensates, and the preservation of antiviral activity in the face of hypotonic stress.
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Wang, Xiaojun, and Brendan Cronin. "TCP/IP Reassembly in Network Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems." International Journal of Information Security and Privacy 8, no. 3 (July 2014): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisp.2014070104.
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Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) in Network Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (NIDPS) typically involves the matching of packet payloads against attack signatures in the form of fixed strings and regular expressions. As an attack pattern may span multiple IP fragments or TCP segments, accurate DPI requires that the traffic is reassembled prior to analysis of the payload data stream. Although hardware acceleration of the TCP layer, including reassembly, is well known in the form of TCP Offload Engines for Network Interface Cards, only limited research has been conducted into reassembly architectures suited to the particular requirements of DPI systems. The challenging requirements include the tracking and fragment/segment reordering of a potentially very large number of streams in addition to dealing with subtle ambiguities in IP fragmentation and TCP segmentation using target based reassembly or traffic normalization. In this article, the authors present a combined hardware and software architecture which harnesses the resources of the latest FPGA technology to improve on existing research proposals.
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McCarthy, Michael P., Wendy I. White, Frances Palmer-Hill, Scott Koenig, and Joann A. Suzich. "Quantitative Disassembly and Reassembly of Human Papillomavirus Type 11 Viruslike Particles In Vitro." Journal of Virology 72, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.1.32-41.1998.
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ABSTRACT The human papillomavirus (HPV) capsid is primarily composed of a structural protein denoted L1, which forms both pentameric capsomeres and capsids composed of 72 capsomeres. The L1 protein alone is capable of self-assembly in vivo into capsidlike structures referred to as viruslike particles (VLPs). We have determined conditions for the quantitative disassembly of purified HPV-11 L1 VLPs to the level of capsomeres, demonstrating that disulfide bonds alone are essential to maintaining long-term HPV-11 L1 VLP structure at physiological ionic strength. The ionic strength of the disassembly reaction was also important, as increased NaCl concentrations inhibited disassembly. Conversely, chelation of cations had no effect on disassembly. Quantitative reassembly to a homogeneous population of 55-nm, 150S VLPs was reliably achieved by the re-formation of disulfide linkages following removal of reducing agent at near-neutral pH and moderate NaCl concentration. HPV-11 L1 VLPs could also be dissociated by treatment with carbonate buffer at pH 9.6, but VLPs could not be regenerated following carbonate treatment. When probed with conformationally sensitive and/or neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, both capsomeres generated by disulfide reduction of purified VLPs and reassembled VLPs formed from capsomeres upon removal of reducing agents exhibited epitopes found on the surface of authentic HPV-11 virions. Antisera raised against either purified VLP starting material or reassembled VLPs similarly neutralized infectious HPV-11 virions. The ability to disassemble and reassemble VLPs in vitro and in bulk allows basic features of capsid assembly to be studied and also opens the possibility of packaging selected exogenous compounds within the reassembled VLPs.
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Tachikawa, Masashi, and Atsushi Mochizuki. "Golgi apparatus self-organizes into the characteristic shape via postmitotic reassembly dynamics." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 20 (May 1, 2017): 5177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619264114.
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The Golgi apparatus is a membrane-bounded organelle with the characteristic shape of a series of stacked flat cisternae. During mitosis in mammalian cells, the Golgi apparatus is once fragmented into small vesicles and then reassembled to form the characteristic shape again in each daughter cell. The mechanism and details of the reassembly process remain elusive. Here, by the physical simulation of a coarse-grained membrane model, we reconstructed the three-dimensional morphological dynamics of the Golgi reassembly process. Considering the stability of the interphase Golgi shape, we introduce two hypothetical mechanisms—the Golgi rim stabilizer protein and curvature-dependent restriction on membrane fusion—into the general biomembrane model. We show that the characteristic Golgi shape is spontaneously organized from the assembly of vesicles by proper tuning of the two additional mechanisms, i.e., the Golgi reassembly process is modeled as self-organization. We also demonstrate that the fine Golgi shape forms via a balance of three reaction speeds: vesicle aggregation, membrane fusion, and shape relaxation. Moreover, the membrane fusion activity decreases thickness and the number of stacked cisternae of the emerging shapes.
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LeGette, Casie. "Reassembly: Introduction." Nineteenth Century Studies 30 (January 1, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/ninecentstud.30.2017-18.0001.
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Souter, E., M. Pypaert, and G. Warren. "The Golgi stack reassembles during telophase before arrival of proteins transported from the endoplasmic reticulum." Journal of Cell Biology 122, no. 3 (August 1, 1993): 533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.122.3.533.
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HeLa cells arrested in prometaphase were pulse-labeled with [35S]methionine and chased in the absence of nocodazole to allow passage through mitosis and into G1. Transport of histocompatibility antigen (HLA) molecules to the medial- and trans-Golgi cisternae was measured by monitoring the resistance to endoglycosidase H and the acquisition of sialic acid residues, respectively. Transport to the plasma membrane was measured using neuraminidase to remove sialic acid residues on surface HLA molecules. The half-time for transport to each of these compartments was about 65-min longer in cells progressing out of mitosis than in G1 cells. This delay was only 5-min longer than the half-time for the fall in histone H1 kinase activity suggesting that inactivation of the mitotic kinase triggers the resumption of protein transport. The half-time for reassembly of the Golgi stack, measured using stereological procedures, was also 65 min, suggesting that both transport and reassembly are triggered at the same time. However, since reassembly was complete within 5 min, whereas HLA took 25 min to reach the medial-cisterna, we can conclude that the Golgi stack has reassembled by the time HLA reaches it.
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Romei, Matthew G., and Steven G. Boxer. "Split Green Fluorescent Proteins: Scope, Limitations, and Outlook." Annual Review of Biophysics 48, no. 1 (May 6, 2019): 19–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biophys-051013-022846.
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Many proteins can be split into fragments that spontaneously reassemble, without covalent linkage, into a functional protein. For split green fluorescent proteins (GFPs), fragment reassembly leads to a fluorescent readout, which has been widely used to investigate protein–protein interactions. We review the scope and limitations of this approach as well as other diverse applications of split GFPs as versatile sensors, molecular glues, optogenetic tools, and platforms for photophysical studies.
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Zhang, Cuixia, Conghu Liu, Jianqing Chen, Qiang Li, Kang He, Mengdi Gao, and Wei Cai. "The coupling mechanism of reassembly quality with uncertainty of remanufactured parts." Assembly Automation 39, no. 4 (September 2, 2019): 548–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-01-2018-016.
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Purpose The uncertainty of remanufacturing parts is a key factor affecting the quality of remanufactured products. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to measure the uncertainty of remanufactured parts and study the coupling mechanism of reassembly quality. Design/methodology/approach First, uncertainty of remanufactured parts is analyzed, and the uncertainty measure model for remanufacturing parts based on entropy is constructed. Second, the nonlinear mapping model between the uncertainty and reassembly quality were studied using Gauss-Newton iterative method to reveal the coupling mechanism between uncertainty of remanufacturing parts and reassembly quality. Finally, the model is verified in the reassembly process of remanufacturing cylinder head. Findings The method can guide reassembly operations to improve the reassembly quality with uncertainty of remanufactured parts. Originality/value This study provides practical implications by developing a multivariate nonlinear mapping model for reassembly quality based on entropy to determine the uncertainty factors that affect the reassembly quality significantly and then correct the reassembly operation to better optimize the allocation of remanufacturing production resources. The study also theoretically contributes to reveal the coupling mechanism of reassembly quality with the uncertainty of remanufactured parts.
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Goldenberg, Larisa, Lior Regev, Eugenia Mintz, and Elisabetta Boaretto. "Dating Reassembled Collagen from Fossil Bones." Radiocarbon 59, no. 5 (August 3, 2017): 1487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2017.69.
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AbstractInsoluble bone collagen is one of the most common materials used for high-resolution radiocarbon (14C) dating. Unfortunately, in some bones, poor preservation of the insoluble collagen excludes the possibility of dating. During the burial of the bone the collagen sometimes degrades into peptides. These peptides are soluble in the acid used to dissolve the bone mineral. It is known that under appropriate conditions, collagen has the ability to self-assemble. Here we exploit this capability and present a method for reassembling the soluble collagen peptides in archaeological bones and dating them. We treated the acid fraction generated during the demineralization of the bone by desalting and neutralizing the solution by dialysis. During the dialysis, the soluble collagen peptides reassemble and precipitate in the dialysis bag. We used FTIR spectroscopy to determine that the precipitated material is indeed collagen. The14C dates obtained from the reassembled collagen were compared to the dates of “standard” insoluble collagen, extracted in parallel from the same bone. Although there are some divergences of the dates, 3 out of 10 samples could have been dated only by the reassembled collagen. This shows that collagen peptides reassembly can be a valuable tool for dating bones with little or no insoluble collagen.
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Simpson, D. G., M. L. Decker, W. A. Clark, and R. S. Decker. "Contractile activity and cell-cell contact regulate myofibrillar organization in cultured cardiac myocytes." Journal of Cell Biology 123, no. 2 (October 15, 1993): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.123.2.323.
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Adult feline ventricular myocytes cultured on a laminin-coated substratum reestablish intercellular junctions, yet disassemble their myofibrils. Immunofluorescence microscopy reveals that these non-beating heart cells lack vinculin-positive focal adhesions; moreover, intercellular junctions are also devoid of vinculin. When these quiescent myocytes are stimulated to contract with the beta-adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol, extensive vinculin-positive focal adhesions and intercellular junctions emerge. If solitary myocytes are stimulated to beat, an elaborate series of vinculin-positive focal adhesions develop which appear to parallel the reassembly of myofibrils. In cultures where neighboring myocytes reestablish cell-cell contact, myofibrils appear to reassemble from the fascia adherens rather than focal contacts. Activation of beating is accompanied by a significant reduction in the rate of total and cytoskeletal protein synthesis; in fact, myofibrillar reassembly, redevelopment of focal adhesions and fascia adherens junctions require no protein synthesis for at least 24 h, implying the existence of an assembly competent pool of cytoskeletal proteins. Maturation of the fasciae adherens and the appearance of vinculin within Z-line/costameres, does require de novo synthesis of new cytoskeletal proteins. Changes in cytoskeletal protein turnover appear dependent on beta agonist-induced cAMP production, but myofibrillar reassembly is a cAMP-independent event. Such observations suggest that mechanical forces, in the guise of contractile activity, regulate vinculin distribution and myofibrillar order in cultured adult feline heart cells.
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Huang, Liang Pei, Wen Hui Yue, and Zheng Li Gong. "Reliability Modeling and Simulation of Mechanical Equipment Undergoing Maintenance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 1211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.1211.
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The mechanical equipment faults result from parts failure in the period of service time, due to reassembly and maintenance, the reliability model for mechanical equipment is broken, so it is necessary to research and estimate the safety reliability of mechanical system. Based on the time-to-failure density function of parts, the mechanical system reliability model is constructed to track the change course of age structure of part population for the mechanical systems that are reassembled and maintained. By means of simulation of the system reliability model, concerned parameters with mechanical systems service life are defined, it is discussed how the time-to-failure density function have influence on the service life for mechanical systems undergoing reassembly and maintenance. It is significant to estimate reliability and failure rate of systems and to establish reasonable maintenance policies.
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Huang, Liang Pei, Zheng Li Gong, and Wen Hui Yue. "Reliability Simulation and Prediction of Mechanical Equipment for Maintenance." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 1060–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1060.
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The mechanical equipment faults result from parts failure in the period of service time, due to reassembly and maintenance, the reliability model for mechanical equipment is broken, so it is necessary to research and estimate the safety reliability of mechanical system. Based on the time-to-failure density function of parts, the mechanical system reliability model is constructed to track the change course of age structure of part population for the mechanical systems that are reassembled and maintained. By means of simulation of the system reliability model, concerned parameters with mechanical systems service life are defined, it is discussed how the time-to-failure density function have influence on the service life for mechanical systems undergoing reassembly and maintenance. It is significant to estimate reliability and failure rate of systems and to establish reasonable maintenance policies.
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Newman, Margaret, Pong Kian Chua, Fan-Mei Tang, Pei-Yi Su, and Chiaho Shih. "Testing an Electrostatic Interaction Hypothesis of Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Stability by Using an In Vitro Capsid Disassembly/Reassembly System." Journal of Virology 83, no. 20 (August 5, 2009): 10616–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00749-09.
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ABSTRACT To test a previously coined “charge balance hypothesis” of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid stability, we established an in vitro disassembly and reassembly system using bacterially expressed HBV capsids. Capsid disassembly can be induced by micrococcal nuclease digestion of encapsidated RNA. HBV core protein (HBc) mutants containing various amounts of arginine were constructed by serial truncations at the C terminus. Capsids containing smaller amounts of arginine (HBc 149, 154, and 157) remained intact after micrococcal nuclease digestion by native gel electrophoresis. Capsids containing larger amounts of arginine (HBc 159, 164, 169, and 171) exhibited reduced and more diffuse banding intensity and slightly upshifted mobility (HBc 159 and 164). Capsids containing the largest amounts of arginine (HBc 173, 175, and 183), as well as HBc 167, exhibited no detectable banding signal, indicating loss of capsid integrity or stability. Interestingly, capsid reassembly can be induced by polyanions, including oligonucleotides, poly-glutamic acid, and nonbiological polymer (polyacrylic acid). In contrast, polycations (polylysine and polyethylenimine) and low-molecular-weight anions (inositol triphosphate) induced no capsid reassembly. Results obtained by gel assay were confirmed by electron microscopy. Reassembled capsids comigrated with undigested parental capsids on agarose gels and cosedimented with undigested capsids by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. Taken together, the results indicate that HBV capsid assembly and integrity depend on polyanions, which probably can help minimize intersubunit charge repulsion caused mainly by arginine-rich domain III or IV in close contact. The exact structure of polyanions is not important for in vitro capsid reassembly. A large amount of independent experimental evidence for this newly coined “electrostatic interaction hypothesis” is discussed.
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Zgheib, José, and Bruce A. Arndtsen. "Fragmentation and reassembly." Nature Chemistry 13, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41557-020-00631-9.
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Cate, Jamie H. D. "Some reassembly required." Molecular Microbiology 75, no. 4 (February 2010): 793–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.07017.x.
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Ge, Maogen, Jing Hu, Mingzhou Liu, and Yuan Zhang. "Reassembly classification selection method based on the Markov Chain." Assembly Automation 38, no. 4 (September 3, 2018): 476–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-03-2017-043.
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Purpose As the last link of product remanufacturing, reassembly process is of great importance in increasing the utilization of remanufactured parts as well as decreasing the production cost for remanufacturing enterprises. It is a common problem that a large amount of remanufactured part/reused part which past the dimension standard have been scrapped, which have increased the production cost of remanufacturing enterprises to a large extent. With the aim to improve the utilization of remanufacturing parts with qualified quality attributes but exceed dimension, the purpose of this paper is to put forward a reassembly classification selection method based on the Markov Chain. Design/methodology/approach To begin with, a classification standard of reassembly parts is proposed. With the thinking of traditional ABC analysis, a classification management method of reassembly parts for remanufactured engine is proposed. Then, a homogeneous Markov Chain of reassembly process is built after grading the matching dimension of reassembly parts with different variety. And the reassembly parts selection model is constructed based on the Markov Chain. Besides, the reassembly classification selection model and its flow chart are proposed by combining the researches above. Finally, the assembly process of remanufactured crankshaft is adopted as a representative example for illustrating the feasibility and the effectiveness of the method proposed. Findings The reassembly classification selection method based on the Markov Chain is an effective method in improving the utilization of remanufacturing parts/reused parts. The average utilization of remanufactured crankcase has increased from 35.7 to 80.1 per cent and the average utilization of reused crankcase has increased from 4.2 to 14 per cent as shown in the representative example. Originality/value The reassembly classification selection method based on the Markov Chain is of great importance in enhancing the economic benefit for remanufacturing enterprises by improving the utilization of remanufactured parts/reused parts.
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White, JG, M. Krumwiede, and JJ Sauk. "Microtubule reassembly in surface-activated platelets." Blood 65, no. 6 (June 1, 1985): 1494–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v65.6.1494.bloodjournal6561494.
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Abstract It is generally accepted that a circumferential microtubule supports the discoid shape of resting platelets. The fate of the many-coiled polymer following platelet activation, however, has been a subject of considerable debate. Morphological investigations have suggested that the circumferential coils are constricted into tight rings around centrally concentrated organelles during platelet shape change. Biochemical studies employing colchicine-binding assays, on the other hand, have indicated that the bundle of microtubules dissolves almost completely within seconds after activation and reassembles in a new location one to four minutes later. The present study has accepted the latter hypothesis in order to examine the second part of the disassembly-reassembly theory proposed in biochemical studies. Platelets exposed to low temperatures sufficient to remove all microtubules were placed on glass slides and microscope grids to cause surface activation during rewarming. The combined stimuli of rewarming and surface activation might have been expected to cause more rapid assembly than warming alone or activation alone. This was not the case. Reassembly of microtubules during rewarming and simultaneous surface activation was not accelerated. In contrast to the constriction of microtubule rings observed during activation in control platelets, the diameters of coils that developed in chilled platelets one to two hours after rewarming and surface activation were twice those of control cells.
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Hu, Jing, Yuan Zhang, Maogen GE, Mingzhou Liu, Liu Conghu, and Xiaoqiao Wang. "Optimal control method on assembly precision for a remanufactured car engine based on state space model." Assembly Automation 36, no. 4 (September 5, 2016): 460–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-07-2015-062.
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Purpose The optimal control on reassembly (remanufacturing assembly) error is one of the key technologies to guarantee the assembly precision of remanufactured product. However, because of the uncertainty existing in remanufactured parts, it is difficult to control assembly error during reassembly process. Based on the state space model, this paper aims to propose the optimal control method on reassembly precision to solve this problem. Design/methodology/approach Initially, to ensure the assembly precision of a remanufactured car engine, this paper puts forward an optimal control method on assembly precision for a remanufactured car engine based on the state space model. This method takes assembly workstation operation and remanufactured part attribute as the input vector reassembly status as the state vector and assembly precision as the output vector. Then, the compensation function of reassembly workstation operation input vector is calculated to direct the optimization of the reassembly process. Finally, a case study of a certain remanufactured car engine crankshaft is constructed to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the method proposed. Findings The optimal control method on reassembly precision is an effective technology in improving the quality of the remanufactured crankshaft. The average qualified rate of the remanufactured crankshaft increased from 83.05 to 90.97 per cent as shown in the case study. Originality/value The optimal control method on the reassembly precision based on the state space model is available to control the assembly precision, thus enhancing the core competitiveness of the remanufacturing enterprises.
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Radulescu, Andreea E., Anirban Siddhanta, and Dennis Shields. "A Role for Clathrin in Reassembly of the Golgi Apparatus." Molecular Biology of the Cell 18, no. 1 (January 2007): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e06-06-0532.
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The Golgi apparatus is a highly dynamic organelle whose organization is maintained by a proteinaceous matrix, cytoskeletal components, and inositol phospholipids. In mammalian cells, disassembly of the organelle occurs reversibly at the onset of mitosis and irreversibly during apoptosis. Several pharmacological agents including nocodazole, brefeldin A (BFA), and primary alcohols (1-butanol) induce reversible fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus. To dissect the mechanism of Golgi reassembly, rat NRK and GH3 cells were treated with 1-butanol, BFA, or nocodazole. During washout of 1-butanol, clathrin, a ubiquitous coat protein implicated in vesicle traffic at the trans-Golgi network and plasma membrane, and abundant clathrin coated vesicles were recruited to the region of nascent Golgi cisternae. Knockdown of endogenous clathrin heavy chain showed that the Golgi apparatus failed to reform efficiently after BFA or 1-butanol removal. Instead, upon 1-butanol washout, it maintained a compact, tight morphology. Our results suggest that clathrin is required to reassemble fragmented Golgi elements. In addition, we show that after butanol treatment the Golgi apparatus reforms via an initial compact intermediate structure that is subsequently remodeled into the characteristic interphase lace-like morphology and that reassembly requires clathrin.
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Suzuki, Shinya, and Masaru Miyayama. "Reassembled Octatitanate/Carbon-Fiber Composites as High-Rate Lithium Insertion Electrode." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 1890–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.1890.
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Composites of octatitanate and carbon-fibers were prepared through reassembling tetratitanate nanosheets, synthesized through exfoliation / reassembly process, by the reaction with HCl in colloidal suspension mixed with carbon- fibers, followed by heat treatment. High-rate lithium intercalation properties were examined for the reassembled octatitanate / carbon-fiber composites, and compared with those of reassembled octatitanate simply mixed with carbon-particles. The reversible capacity and the energy efficiency of the reassembled octatitanate / carbon-fiber composites were 190 mAh/g and 94 %, respectively, larger than those of a conventional octatitanate or a reassembled octatitanate. Relatively large capacity of 135 mAh/g still remained at a large current density of 10 A/g, which corresponds to about 70 % of the discharge capacity at a relatively small current density of 100 mA/g. Reassembled octatitanate / carbon- fiber composites exhibited an excellent performance as a high-rate lithium insertion electrode.
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Moreno-Andrés, Daniel, Hideki Yokoyama, Anja Scheufen, Guillaume Holzer, Hongqi Lue, Anna Katharina Schellhaus, Marion Weberruss, Masatoshi Takagi, and Wolfram Antonin. "VPS72/YL1-Mediated H2A.Z Deposition Is Required for Nuclear Reassembly after Mitosis." Cells 9, no. 7 (July 16, 2020): 1702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9071702.
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The eukaryotic nucleus remodels extensively during mitosis. Upon mitotic entry, the nuclear envelope breaks down and chromosomes condense into rod-shaped bodies, which are captured by the spindle apparatus and segregated during anaphase. Through telophase, chromosomes decondense and the nuclear envelope reassembles, leading to a functional interphase nucleus. While the molecular processes occurring in early mitosis are intensively investigated, our knowledge about molecular mechanisms of nuclear reassembly is rather limited. Using cell free and cellular assays, we identify the histone variant H2A.Z and its chaperone VPS72/YL1 as important factors for reassembly of a functional nucleus after mitosis. Live-cell imaging shows that siRNA-mediated downregulation of VPS72 extends the telophase in HeLa cells. In vitro, depletion of VPS72 or H2A.Z results in malformed and nonfunctional nuclei. VPS72 is part of two chromatin-remodeling complexes, SRCAP and EP400. Dissecting the mechanism of nuclear reformation using cell-free assays, we, however, show that VPS72 functions outside of the SRCAP and EP400 remodeling complexes to deposit H2A.Z, which in turn is crucial for formation of a functional nucleus.
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Cheesman, C., L. W. Ruddock, and R. B. Freedman. "The Refolding and Reassembly ofEscherichia ColiHeat-Labile Enterotoxin B-Subunit: Analysis of Reassembly-Competent and Reassembly-Incompetent Unfolded States†." Biochemistry 43, no. 6 (February 2004): 1609–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi0354987.
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SAMON, Jean Bosco. "Using work factor method for operational models of disassembly and reassembly evaluation." Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences 14, no. 4 (April 20, 2022): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30772/qjes.v14i4.788.
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The purpose of this paper is to study the disassembly task time in the maintenance and recycling context, knowing that only the reassembly task is needed in repairing operation. Dis/reassembly activities are delicate and need precise intervention due to the obligation of equipment refunctioning constraints. Time spent for dis/reassembling faulty components should be well-deducted and standardized. It is not always the case due to the various variant disassembly metrics and contexts. The Work Factor Method during dis/reassembly activities helps to develop the operational dis/reassembly time models. These models contribute to defining effective Time as far as operational dis/re-assembly activity is concerned and can help to optimize maintenance and recycling task planning.
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Liu, Mingzhou, Conghu Liu, and Qinghua Zhu. "Optional classification for reassembly methods with different precision remanufactured parts." Assembly Automation 34, no. 4 (September 9, 2014): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-03-2014-023.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study was to research how the reassembly (remanufacturing assembly) achieves a quality that is not lower than original production with different precision remanufactured parts based on the integration of mechanics, mathematics (measurement uncertainty) and management (optional classification). Remanufactured product quality is the soul of the remanufacturing project. Design/methodology/approach – First, this paper studies the recycled parts features and reassembly features. Then, we build the mathematical sub-model with remanufactured parts and dimensional precision, which is proven that optional classification can effectively improve the reassembly accuracy mathematically. The optimization model of optional classification for reassembly is proposed under the constraint of a dimensional chain, and the solutions are studied based on particle swarm optimization. Finally, this method is applied in a remanufacturing enterprise and achieves good results. Findings – The method can reduce the cost of quality loss and improve the quality of remanufactured products. Originality/value – It provides a new solution and idea for reassembly with different precision remanufactured parts and promotes the healthy development of reverse logistics with a high level of customer satisfaction. This method can maximize the use of different levels of quality remanufactured parts and improve reassembly accuracy by mathematical proofs and examples.
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Martynov, Vladimir Anatol’evich. "METHOD AND TIME. LOTMAN’S OCCASION. Article second." Herald of Omsk University 25, no. 1 (May 22, 2020): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/1812-3996.2020.25(1).43-51.
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The method can and should be thought of as something that is constantly changing. “Lot-man’s case” is just the case when you can hope that it will turn out to “spy” on how it works in detail. Two aspects of “Lotman reassemble” can be noted. The first can be de-fined as “radical methodological pluralism”. The second is the mechanism of “radical permanent transformations of the method”, i. e. reassembly in the literal sense of the word, as a clearly observable technological process. This is how the principle of the prima-cy of history works, the principle of historicism.
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Rabouille, C., T. Misteli, R. Watson, and G. Warren. "Reassembly of Golgi stacks from mitotic Golgi fragments in a cell-free system." Journal of Cell Biology 129, no. 3 (May 1, 1995): 605–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.129.3.605.
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Rat liver Golgi stacks were incubated with mitotic cytosol for 30 min at 37 degrees C to generate mitotic Golgi fragments comprising vesicles, tubules, and cisternal remnants. These were isolated and further incubated with rat liver cytosol for 60 min. The earliest intermediate observed by electron microscopy was a single, curved cisterna with tubular networks fused to the cisternal rims. Elongation of this cisterna was accompanied by stacking and further growth at the cisternal rims. Stacks also fused laterally so that the typical end product was a highly curved stack of 2-3 cisternae mostly enclosing an electron-lucent space. Reassembly occurred in the presence of nocodazole or cytochalasin B but not at 4 degrees C or in the absence of energy supplied in the form of ATP and GTP. Pretreatment of the mitotic fragments and cytosol with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) also prevented reassembly. GTP gamma S and A1F prevented reassembly when added during fragmentation but not when added to the reassembly mixture. In fact, GTP gamma S stimulated reassembly such that all cisternae were stacked at the end of the incubation and comprised 40% of the total membrane. In contrast, microcystin inhibited stacking so that only single cisternae accumulated. Together these results provide a detailed picture of the reassembly process and open up the study of the architecture of the Golgi apparatus to a combined morphological and biochemical analysis.
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Hisanaga, S., Y. Gonda, M. Inagaki, A. Ikai, and N. Hirokawa. "Effects of phosphorylation of the neurofilament L protein on filamentous structures." Cell Regulation 1, no. 2 (January 1990): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.1.2.237.
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Effects of phosphorylation of the neurofilament L protein (NF-L) on the reassembly system were studied by both sedimentation experiments and low-angle rotary shadowing. Bovine spinal cord NF-L was phosphorylated with 3-4 mol/mol protein by either the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase or protein kinase C. Phosphorylated NF-L could not assemble into filaments. Phosphorylation by either cAMP-dependent protein kinase or protein kinase C inhibited the same step of the reassembly process. Phosphorylated NF-L remained as an 8-chain complex even in favorable conditions for reassembly. The extent of the effect of phosphorylation on the filamentous structure of NF-L was also investigated by using the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The amount of unassembled NF-L increased linearly with increased phosphorylation in the sedimentation experiments. Structural observations indicated that 1 or 2 mol of phosphorylation is enough to inhibit reassembly and to induce disassembly, and the disassembly process was also observed. The filaments were shown to unravel with disassembly. Star-like clusters, which we reported as being the initial stage of reassembly, were also identified.
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Su, Jiajia. "Reassembly of plural and human features in the L2 acquisition of Chinese by adult Korean speakers." Second Language Research 35, no. 4 (August 7, 2018): 529–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658318789223.
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This article reports on a study investigating the second language (L2) acquisition of the plural and human features in Mandarin Chinese by adult Korean speakers. Both plural and human features are represented in Korean and Chinese, but assembled in different ways. Forty-eight L2 learners at beginner, intermediate, and advanced Chinese proficiency levels and twenty-three native speakers of Chinese were tested using a grammaticality judgment task. The results show that L2 learners can successfully reassemble the two features, though L2 specific contexts and restrictions on feature realization are difficult. The advanced group has achieved native-like performance. The findings provide empirical evidence for the Feature Reassembly Hypothesis (Lardiere, 2009).
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Gwak, Gyeong-Hyeon, Min-Kyu Kim, and Jae-Min Oh. "Nanocomposites of Magnetite and Layered Double Hydroxide for Recyclable Chromate Removal." Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8032615.
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Nanocomposites containing magnetic iron oxide (magnetite) nanoparticles and layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets were prepared by two different methods, exfoliation-reassembly and coprecipitation, for aqueous chromate adsorbent. According to X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy, both nanocomposites were determined to develop different nanostructures; LDH nanosheets well covered magnetite nanoparticles with house-of-cards-like structure in exfoliation-reassembly method, while coprecipitation resulted in LDH particle formation along with magnetite nanoparticles. Zeta-potential measurement also revealed that the magnetite surface was effectively covered by LDH moiety in exfoliation-reassembly compared with coprecipitation. Time, pH, concentration dependent chromate adsorption tests, and magnetic separation experiments exhibited that both nanocomposites effectively adsorb and easily collect chromate. However, exfoliation-reassembly nanocomposite was determined to be slightly effective in chromate removal by ~10%. Chromate adsorbed nanocomposites could be regenerated by treating with bicarbonate and the regenerated nanocomposites preserved ~80% of chromate adsorption efficacy after three times of recycling.
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Charras, Guillaume T., Chi-Kuo Hu, Margaret Coughlin, and Timothy J. Mitchison. "Reassembly of contractile actin cortex in cell blebs." Journal of Cell Biology 175, no. 3 (November 6, 2006): 477–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200602085.
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Contractile actin cortex is involved in cell morphogenesis, movement, and cytokinesis, but its organization and assembly are poorly understood. During blebbing, the membrane detaches from the cortex and inflates. As expansion ceases, contractile cortex reassembles under the membrane and drives bleb retraction. This cycle enabled us to measure the temporal sequence of protein recruitment to the membrane during cortex reassembly and to explore dependency relationships. Expanding blebs were devoid of actin, but proteins of the erythrocytic submembranous cytoskeleton were present. When expansion ceased, ezrin was recruited to the membrane first, followed by actin, actin-bundling proteins, and, finally, contractile proteins. Complete assembly of the contractile cortex, which was organized into a cagelike mesh of filaments, took ∼30 s. Cytochalasin D blocked recruitment of actin and α-actinin, but had no effect on membrane association of ankyrin B and ezrin. Ezrin played no role in actin nucleation, but was essential for tethering the membrane to the cortex. The Rho pathway was important for cortex assembly in blebs.
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Mellin, Camille, Angus Thompson, Michelle J. Jonker, and Michael J. Emslie. "Cross-Shelf Variation in Coral Community Response to Disturbance on the Great Barrier Reef." Diversity 11, no. 3 (March 6, 2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11030038.
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Changes in coral reef health and status are commonly reported using hard coral cover, however such changes may also lead to substantial shifts in coral community composition. Here we assess the extent to which coral communities departed from their pre-disturbance composition following disturbance (disassembly), and reassembled during recovery (reassembly) along an environmental gradient across the continental shelf on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. We show that for similar differences in coral cover, both disassembly and reassembly were greater on inshore reefs than mid- or outer-shelf reefs. This pattern was mostly explained by spatial variation in the pre-disturbance community composition, of which 28% was associated with chronic stressors related to water quality (e.g., light attenuation, concentrations of suspended sediments and chlorophyll). Tropical cyclones exacerbated the magnitude of community disassembly, but did not vary significantly among shelf positions. On the outer shelf, the main indicator taxa (tabulate Acropora) were mostly responsible for community dissimilarity, whereas contribution to dissimilarity was distributed across many taxa on the inner shelf. Our results highlight that community dynamics are not well captured by aggregated indices such as coral cover alone, and that the response of ecological communities to disturbance depends on their composition and exposure to chronic stressors.
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Matsuoka, Y., S. Takechi, T. Nakayama, and Y. Yoneda. "Exogenous histone H1 injection into mitotic cells disrupts synchronous progression of mitotic events by delaying chromosome decondensation." Journal of Cell Science 107, no. 3 (March 1, 1994): 693–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.107.3.693.
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At the end of open mitosis, chromosome decondensation, nuclear envelope re-formation and reassembly of interphase microtubules following mitotic spindle dissociation occur coordinately. To determine whether these events progress only synchronously in vivo, we delayed chromosome decondensation by injecting of exogenous proteins into the mitotic rat kangaroo kidney epithelium (PtK2) cells. When histone H1 purified from calf thymus was injected at prometaphase, chromosome condensation was prolonged for several hours, and sister chromatid separation and cytokinesis did not occur. However, interphase microtubules reassembled and lamin B-positive structures re-formed around the condensed chromosomes. Exactly the same results were obtained on injection of bacterially expressed H1. Kinetic experiments showed that there were two types of lamin B-positive structures. One type (type A) was stained uniformly with anti-lamin B antibodies. The other (type B) showed peripheral lamin B staining; that is, the normal interphase staining pattern, and was found to be competent for nuclear protein transport. As the chromosomes decondensed, the amount of type A decreased and that of type B increased. However, even cells containing highly condensed chromosomes had both type A and type B. From these results, we conclude that the re-formation of microtubules and reassembly of a nuclear transport-competent envelope do not depend on chromosome decondensation.
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Fach, Barbara L., Susan F. Graham, and Robert A. B. Keates. "Association of fodrin with brain microtubules." Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 63, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): 372–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o85-054.
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We have compared the polypeptide composition of microtubules isolated from bovine brain by the conventional in vitro reassembly method with those obtained by direct isolation of brain microtubules into a stabilizing buffer. The stabilizing buffer included 6.7 M glycerol to limit the rate of subunit exchange between assembled and unassembled states. The microtubule-associated proteins normally found by in vitro reassembly are also found in the stabilized preparation, but in smaller proportions. Fodrin, a brain membrane-associated protein believed to be homologous to spectrin, was found to be the most abundant component after tubulin in the stabilized microtubules. The ratio of tubulin to fodrin, 16:1 by mass, was almost constant at each stage of the preparation. Some actin was initially present in the stabilized microtubules, but was gradually lost during purification. When stabilized microtubules were diluted into cold aqueous buffer, they depolymerized and the recovered microtubule protein could then be purified by in vitro reassembly. The composition after this treatment resembled that of microtubules prepared initially by reassembly in vitro. The missing fodrin was found to be removed in the preliminary centrifugation and was unavailable for incorporation into growing microtubules during the in vitro assembly step. This suggests that the standard in vitro reassembly procedure for purification of microtubules may distort the composition of microtubule-associated proteins.
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Swanson, J., and P. McNeil. "Nuclear reassembly excludes large macromolecules." Science 238, no. 4826 (October 23, 1987): 548–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.2443981.
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Papaioannou, Georgios, Tobias Schreck, Anthousis Andreadis, Pavlos Mavridis, Robert Gregor, Ivan Sipiran, and Konstantinos Vardis. "From Reassembly to Object Completion." Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage 10, no. 2 (April 12, 2017): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3009905.
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Pum, Dietmar, and Uwe B. Sleytr. "Reassembly of S-layer proteins." Nanotechnology 25, no. 31 (July 17, 2014): 312001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/25/31/312001.
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Armitage, G. J., and K. M. Adams. "Packet reassembly during cell loss." IEEE Network 7, no. 5 (September 1993): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/65.238152.
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Dundr, Miroslav, Tom Misteli, and Mark O. J. Olson. "The Dynamics of Postmitotic Reassembly of the Nucleolus." Journal of Cell Biology 150, no. 3 (August 7, 2000): 433–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.150.3.433.
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Mammalian cell nucleoli disassemble at the onset of M-phase and reassemble during telophase. Recent studies showed that partially processed preribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) is preserved in association with processing components in the perichromosomal regions (PRs) and in particles called nucleolus-derived foci (NDF) during mitosis. Here, the dynamics of nucleolar reassembly were examined for the first time in living cells expressing fusions of the processing-related proteins fibrillarin, nucleolin, or B23 with green fluorescent protein (GFP). During telophase the NDF disappeared with a concomitant appearance of material in the reforming nuclei. Prenucleolar bodies (PNBs) appeared in nuclei in early telophase and gradually disappeared as nucleoli formed, strongly suggesting the transfer of PNB components to newly forming nucleoli. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) showed that fibrillarin-GFP reassociates with the NDF and PNBs at rapid and similar rates. The reentry of processing complexes into telophase nuclei is suggested by the presence of pre-rRNA sequences in PNBs. Entry of specific proteins into the nucleolus approximately correlated with the timing of processing events. The mitotically preserved processing complexes may be essential for regulating the distribution of components to reassembling daughter cell nucleoli.
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Grim, Anna, Timothy O’Connor, Peter J. Olver, Chehrzad Shakiban, Ryan Slechta, and Robert Thompson. "Automatic Reassembly of Three-Dimensional Jigsaw Puzzles." International Journal of Image and Graphics 16, no. 02 (April 2016): 1650009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467816500091.
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In this paper, we present an effective algorithm for reassembling three-dimensional apictorial jigsaw puzzles obtained by dividing a curved surface into a finite number of interlocking pieces. As such, our algorithm does not make use of any picture or design that may be painted on the surface; nor does it require a priori knowledge of the overall shape of the original surface. A motivating example is the problem of virtually reconstructing a broken ostrich egg shell. In order to develop and test the algorithm, we also devise a method for constructing synthetic three-dimensional puzzles by randomly distributing points on a compact surface with respect to surface area measure, then determining the induced Voronoi tessellation, and finally curving the Voronoi edges by using Bezier curves with selected control points. Our edge-matching algorithm relies on the method of Euclidean signature curves. The edges of the puzzle pieces are divided into bivertex arcs, whose signatures are directly compared. The algorithm has been programmed in Matlab and is able to successfully reassemble a broad range of artificial puzzles, including those subjected to a reasonable amount of noise. Moreover, significant progress has been made on reassembly of the real-world ostrich egg data.
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Spinner, Patti. "The second language acquisition of number and gender in Swahili: A Feature Reassembly approach." Second Language Research 29, no. 4 (March 8, 2013): 455–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658313477650.
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Much of the recent discussion surrounding the second language acquisition of morphology has centered on the question of whether learners can acquire new formal features. Lardiere’s (2008, 2009) Feature Reassembly approach offers a new direction for research in this area by emphasizing the challenges presented by crosslinguistic differences in the overt expression of formal features. In this study, I examine the acquisition of number and gender in Swahili by speakers of English and explore how the data can be described by a number of current approaches, including the Full Transfer Full Access Hypothesis (Schwartz and Sprouse, 1996), the Representational Deficit Hypothesis (e.g. Hawkins and Chan, 1997), and the Feature Reassembly approach. The results of an elicited production task and a written gender-assignment task indicate that learners have difficulty detecting the number feature on Swahili noun prefixes, and because of this they are initially unsuccessful at marking plurals. The findings are best described under a Feature Reassembly approach. I suggest some directions for expanding the Feature Reassembly approach in future research.
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Isogai, Masami, Yoshihiro Kawamoto, Kazuto Inahata, Harumi Fukada, Kenji Sugimoto, and Toshiji Tada. "Structure and characteristics of reassembled fluorescent protein, a new insight into the reassembly mechanisms." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 21, no. 10 (May 2011): 3021–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.03.039.
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Aoki, Kana, Fumiyo Maeda, Tomoya Nagasako, Yuki Mochizuki, Seiichi Uchida, and Junichi Ikenouchi. "A RhoA and Rnd3 cycle regulates actin reassembly during membrane blebbing." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 13 (March 14, 2016): E1863—E1871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600968113.
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The actin cytoskeleton usually lies beneath the plasma membrane. When the membrane-associated actin cytoskeleton is transiently disrupted or the intracellular pressure is increased, the plasma membrane detaches from the cortex and protrudes. Such protruded membrane regions are called blebs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying membrane blebbing are poorly understood. This study revealed that epidermal growth factor receptor kinase substrate 8 (Eps8) and ezrin are important regulators of rapid actin reassembly for the initiation and retraction of protruded blebs. Live-cell imaging of membrane blebbing revealed that local reassembly of actin filaments occurred at Eps8- and activated ezrin-positive foci of membrane blebs. Furthermore, we found that a RhoA–ROCK–Rnd3 feedback loop determined the local reassembly sites of the actin cortex during membrane blebbing.
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Yuzyuk, Tatiana, Marissa Foehr, and David C. Amberg. "The MEK Kinase Ssk2p Promotes Actin Cytoskeleton Recovery After Osmotic Stress." Molecular Biology of the Cell 13, no. 8 (August 2002): 2869–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.02-01-0004.
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae adapts to osmotic stress through the activation of a conserved high-osmolarity growth (HOG) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway. Transmission through the HOG pathway is very well understood, yet other aspects of the cellular response to osmotic stress remain poorly understood, most notably regulation of actin organization. The actin cytoskeleton rapidly disassembles in response to osmotic insult and is induced to reassemble only after osmotic balance with the environment is reestablished. Here, we show that one of three MEK kinases of the HOG pathway, Ssk2p, is specialized to facilitate actin cytoskeleton reassembly after osmotic stress. Within minutes of cells' experiencing osmotic stress or catastrophic disassembly of the actin cytoskeleton through latrunculin A treatment, Ssk2p concentrates in the neck of budding yeast cells and concurrently forms a 1:1 complex with actin. These observations suggest that Ssk2p has a novel, previously undescribed function in sensing damage to the actin cytoskeleton. We also describe a second function for Ssk2p in facilitating reassembly of a polarized actin cytoskeleton at the end of the cell cycle, a prerequisite for efficient cell cycle completion. Loss of Ssk2p, its kinase activity, or its ability to localize and interact with actin led to delays in actin recovery and a resulting delay in cell cycle completion. These unique capabilities of Ssk2p are activated by a novel mechanism that does not involve known components of the HOG pathway.
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Joseph-Silverstein, Jacquelyn, and William D. Cohen. "Role of the marginal band in an invertebrate erythrocyte: evidence for a universal mechanical function." Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 63, no. 6 (June 1, 1985): 621–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o85-080.
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Marginal bands of microtubules are present in erythrocytes of all nonmammalian vertebrates and some invertebrates, in which they are thought to play a role in erythrocyte morphogenesis. Recently, marginal bands have also been implicated in maintenance of shape in vertebrate erythrocytes and platelets subjected to external mechanical forces. Here we demonstrate that marginal bands in an invertebrate ("blood clam") erythrocyte act similarly. Cells with and without marginal bands at the same temperature were prepared by (a) nocodazole or colchicine inhibition of marginal band reassembly following 0 °C disassembly, (b) taxol inhibition of marginal band disassembly at 0 °C, and (c) taxol induction of marginal band reassembly at 0 °C. As shown previously for temperture-induced marginal band reassembly in this species, taxol-induced reassembly at 0 °C occurred in association with centrioles. When erythrocytes with and without marginal bands were compared for their response to the mechanical stress of fluxing through capillary tubes, many more of those without marginal bands tended to become folded or buckled regardless of the method used to prepare them. The results provide evidence that marginal bands have a universal mechanical function in mature erythrocytes.
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Cheesman, C., R. B. Freedman, and L. W. Ruddock. "The Disassembly and Reassembly of Mutants ofEscherichia ColiHeat-Labile Enterotoxin: Replacement of Proline 93 Does Not Abolish the Reassembly-Competent and Reassembly-Incompetent States†." Biochemistry 43, no. 6 (February 2004): 1618–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi035499z.
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Yao, Wenmin, Tong Chu, Wenlong Tang, Jingyu Wang, Xin Cao, Fengjun Zhao, Kang Li, Guohua Geng, and Mingquan Zhou. "SPPD: A Novel Reassembly Method for 3D Terracotta Warrior Fragments Based on Fracture Surface Information." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 8 (August 5, 2021): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080525.
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As one of China′s most precious cultural relics, the excavation and protection of the Terracotta Warriors pose significant challenges to archaeologists. A fairly common situation in the excavation is that the Terracotta Warriors are mostly found in the form of fragments, and manual reassembly among numerous fragments is laborious and time-consuming. This work presents a fracture-surface-based reassembling method, which is composed of SiamesePointNet, principal component analysis (PCA), and deep closest point (DCP), and is named SPPD. Firstly, SiamesePointNet is proposed to determine whether a pair of point clouds of 3D Terracotta Warrior fragments can be reassembled. Then, a coarse-to-fine registration method based on PCA and DCP is proposed to register the two fragments into a reassembled one. The above two steps iterate until the termination condition is met. A series of experiments on real-world examples are conducted, and the results demonstrate that the proposed method performs better than the conventional reassembling methods. We hope this work can provide a valuable tool for the virtual restoration of three-dimension cultural heritage artifacts.
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Collins, C. A., and R. B. Vallee. "Temperature-dependent reversible assembly of taxol-treated microtubules." Journal of Cell Biology 105, no. 6 (December 1, 1987): 2847–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.105.6.2847.
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Taxol is a plant alkaloid that binds to and strongly stabilizes microtubules. Taxol-treated microtubules resist depolymerization under a variety of conditions that readily disassemble untreated microtubules. We report here that taxol-treated microtubules can be induced to disassemble by a combination of depolymerizating conditions. Reversible cycles of disassembly and reassembly were carried out using taxol-containing microtubules from calf brain and sea urchin eggs by shifting temperature in the presence of millimolar levels of Ca2+. Microtubules depolymerized completely, yielding dimers and ring-shaped oligomers as revealed by negative stain electron microscopy and Bio-Gel A-15m chromatography, and reassembled into well-formed microtubule polymer structures. Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), including species previously identified only by taxol-based purification such as MAP 1B and kinesin, were found to copurify with tubulin through reversible assembly cycles. To determine whether taxol remained bound to tubulin subunits, we subjected depolymerized taxol-treated microtubule protein to Sephadex G-25 chromatography, and the fractions were assayed for taxol content by reverse-phase HPLC. Taxol was found to be dissociated from the depolymerized microtubules. Protein treated in this way was found to be competent to reassemble, but now required conditions comparable with those for protein that had never been exposed to taxol. Thus, the binding of taxol to tubulin can be reversed. This has implications for the mechanism of taxol action and for the purification of microtubules from a wide variety of sources for use in self-assembly experiments.