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Journal articles on the topic 'Reasoning'

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1

Bremner, Andrew J., and Denis Mareschal. "Reasoning . . . what reasoning?" Developmental Science 7, no. 4 (September 2004): 419–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00360.x.

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2

Foos, Paul W. "Reasoning About Reasoning." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 41, no. 9 (September 1996): 917–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/003142.

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3

Mata, André, Klaus Fiedler, Mário B. Ferreira, and Tiago Almeida. "Reasoning about others' reasoning." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 49, no. 3 (May 2013): 486–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2013.01.010.

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4

Alaoui, Larbi, Katharina A. Janezic, and Antonio Penta. "Reasoning about others' reasoning." Journal of Economic Theory 189 (September 2020): 105091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jet.2020.105091.

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5

Hafizallah, Yandi. "Pemikiran Abed Al-Jabiri Terhadap Nalar Arab." MAWA'IZH: JURNAL DAKWAH DAN PENGEMBANGAN SOSIAL KEMANUSIAAN 10, no. 1 (July 18, 2019): 60–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32923/maw.v10i1.742.

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This paper aims to explain and analyze the epistemological aspects based on the thoughts of Abed al-Jabiri, especially regarding the thinking of three Arabic reasoning of al-Jabiri. The study refers to three thoughts of Arabic al-Jabiri reasoning about epistemology namely: "epistemology of Bayani", the epistemology of Irfani ", and" epistemology of Burhani". The search for the texts relating to the three epistemologies produces several findings in this study, among others: 1) Relevance between three Arabic reasoning that does not always stand alone but all three reasoning are also integrated with each other, even though Arabic reasoning is a formation from a culture; 2) The shift of reasoning culture analyzed using the socio-historical approach to the development of Arabic reasoning makes Jabiri make Arabic reasoning a "thinking structure", each of which has advantages and disadvantages; 3) The criticisms of the reasoning model conducted by Abed al-Jabiri are used to formulate methods of understanding knowledge. The three Arabic reasonings described by abed al-Jabiri rely on aspects emphasized in reason and reality, philosophy and science, and revelation texts and Nash.
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6

NAKAJIMA, Nobuyuki. "Inference, Reasoning, and Fuzzy Reasoning." Journal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Systems 6, no. 6 (1994): 1105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3156/jfuzzy.6.6_1105.

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7

Rice, Hugh. "IV—Practical Reasoning as Reasoning." Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 89, no. 1 (June 1, 1989): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aristotelian/89.1.49.

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8

Cave, Peter. "Reeling and A-Reasoning: Surprise Examinations and Newcomb's Tale." Philosophy 79, no. 4 (October 2004): 609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819104000476.

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Certain paradoxes set us reeling endlessly. In surprise examination paradoxes, pupils' reasonings lead them to reel between expecting an examination and expecting none. With Newcomb's puzzle, choosers reel between reasoning in favour of choosing just one box and choosing two. The paradoxes demand an answer to what it is rational to believe or do. Highlighting other reelings and puzzles, this paper shows that the paradoxes should come as no surprise. The paradoxes demand an end to our reasoning when the conditions they set ensure no end. They equivocate between, so to speak, reasoning in heaven and reasoning on earth; and, on the conditions set, not even an infinite god could reach a conclusion.
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9

Grusenmeyer, Corinne, and Alain Trognon. "Structures of natural reasoning within functional dialogues." Pragmatics and Cognition 4, no. 2 (January 1, 1996): 305–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.4.2.06gru.

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The aim of this paper is to describe and characterize some structural features of natural reasoning by analyzing a number of conversations held by operators during shift changeovers. During this work phase the operators have to cooperate in order to carry out the same process. This need to cooperate leads to dialogues and joint elaboration of information, especially when involving the reporting of a malfunction. Three dialogues observed at this work phase on two study sites (a paper mill and a nuclear power plant) are analyzed. These analyses show that the step by step follow-up of the operators' collective reasoning is feasible. They highlight that these reasonings are complex experimental and hypothetico-deductive reasonings. They are reasonings for action, that are elaborated as the conversation unfolds, and for which the operators do not always have the means of testing their hypotheses.
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10

Rips, L. J. "Reasoning." Annual Review of Psychology 41, no. 1 (January 1990): 321–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.41.020190.001541.

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11

Lin, Hanti, and Kevin T. Kelly. "Propositional Reasoning that Tracks Probabilistic Reasoning." Journal of Philosophical Logic 41, no. 6 (June 29, 2012): 957–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10992-012-9237-3.

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12

Abdolmohammadi, Mohammad J., and M. Francis Reeves. "Does Group Reasoning Improve Ethical Reasoning?" Business and Society Review 108, no. 1 (February 21, 2003): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8594.00001.

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13

Samuel, Geoffrey. "Is legal reasoning like medical reasoning?" Legal Studies 35, no. 2 (June 2015): 323–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lest.12063.

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In this paper, stimulated by the publication some years ago in France of a small book on medical reasoning, legal and medical reasoning are compared. The question that is asked is whether the differences between the two types of reasoning will permit one to have a better understanding of some of the methodological and epistemological issues associated with legal reasoning. It will be argued that although medical and legal reasoners do share things in common, legal reasoning, perhaps unlike medical reasoning, is actually concerned less with the explanation or even comprehension of texts or the facts of a dispute (explicatio causæ) and more with what will be termed the ‘manipulation’ of facts (accommodatio factorum). Lawyers purify and (or) construct ‘virtual’ factual situations out of perceived ‘actual’ factual situations in order to make them conform or not conform in an isomorphic way with factual situations implied by a legal text or precedent. Medical reasoning is equally complex but facts are read in a different way.
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14

Galotti, Kathleen M. "Reasoning about Reasoning: A Course Project." Teaching of Psychology 22, no. 1 (February 1995): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top2201_20.

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15

Li, Weizhuo, Guilin Qi, and Qiu Ji. "Hybrid reasoning in knowledge graphs: Combing symbolic reasoning and statistical reasoning." Semantic Web 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sw-190375.

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16

Brunet, Josée. "La conception du raisonnement de John Broome: «Que nous exprimons-nous lorsque nous raisonnons?»." Dialogue 47, no. 3-4 (2008): 633–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300002882.

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ABSTRACTThis article offers a critical analysis of John Broome's conception of practical reasoning. I first introduce his main claims and then point out some of the difficulties raised by the notion of “double expression” and by some aspects of the cognitivism which he explicitly endorses. I then emphasize two consequences of these criticisms: one concerning the link he sees between belief and intention, and the other concerning the idea that our practical reasonings are inextricably linked to our theoretical reasonings. Finally, I argue that the problem Broome seems to be facing has its source in the difficulty of distinguishing clearly between reasoning (a relation between mental states) and the description of its content (a relation between propositions).
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17

MacColl, San. "The Context of Reasoning and Teaching Reasoning." Thinking: The Journal of Philosophy for Children 11, no. 2 (1994): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/thinking199411229.

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18

Leighton, Jacqueline P. "Reasoning Strategies and the Fundamental Reasoning Mechanism." Contemporary Psychology 46, no. 4 (August 2001): 407–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/002466.

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19

de Oliveira, Wellington. "Discussing Reasoning, Creating, Interaction and Social Reasoning." Mind, Culture, and Activity 17, no. 3 (July 28, 2010): 295–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10749030903480731.

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20

Newstead, Stephen E. "Inductive reasoning, deductive reasoning and mental models." International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 8, no. 1 (January 1994): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02698599408573483.

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21

Heit, Evan, and Caren M. Rotello. "Relations between inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 36, no. 3 (2010): 805–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0018784.

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22

Asarnow, Samuel. "The Reasoning View and Defeasible Practical Reasoning." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 95, no. 3 (September 11, 2017): 614–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/phpr.12446.

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23

Evans, Jonathan St B. T. "Reflections on reasoning and reasoning about reflection." Trends in Cognitive Sciences 11, no. 10 (October 2007): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2007.07.004.

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24

Gampa, Anup, Sean P. Wojcik, Matt Motyl, Brian A. Nosek, and Peter H. Ditto. "(Ideo)Logical Reasoning: Ideology Impairs Sound Reasoning." Social Psychological and Personality Science 10, no. 8 (March 5, 2019): 1075–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550619829059.

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Beliefs shape how people interpret information and may impair how people engage in logical reasoning. In three studies, we show how ideological beliefs impair people’s ability to (1) recognize logical validity in arguments that oppose their political beliefs and (2) recognize the lack of logical validity in arguments that support their political beliefs. We observed belief bias effects among liberals and conservatives who evaluated the logical soundness of classically structured logical syllogisms supporting liberal or conservative beliefs. Both liberals and conservatives frequently evaluated the logical structure of entire arguments based on the believability of arguments’ conclusions, leading to predictable patterns of logical errors. As a result, liberals were better at identifying flawed arguments supporting conservative beliefs and conservatives were better at identifying flawed arguments supporting liberal beliefs. These findings illuminate one key mechanism for how political beliefs distort people’s abilities to reason about political topics soundly.
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25

Atkinson, Katie, and Trevor Bench-Capon. "Legal Case-based Reasoning as Practical Reasoning." Artificial Intelligence and Law 13, no. 1 (March 2005): 93–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10506-006-9003-3.

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26

Tsukimoto, Hiroshi. "Pattern reasoning: Logical reasoning of neural networks." Systems and Computers in Japan 32, no. 2 (2001): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-684x(200102)32:2<1::aid-scj1>3.0.co;2-o.

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27

Bao, Zhijun, and Xue Zhang. "The Construction of Shared Wisdom Teaching Practice through IoT Based on the Perspective of Industry-Education Integration." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (August 28, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7298400.

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In this paper, to solve the difficulties of overseeing battling reasonings in cordial projects, we use a training-based insight perspective. Based on previous research, managing the tension between friendly government assistance and business is clearly a vital task for social money managers. Accomplishment. Though the social government helps reasoning and its associated characteristics and practices structure the underpinnings of social endeavours, social finance managers similarly need to ensure that their associations are financially sensible, making it essential to attract business reasoning. To this end, we cultivate an instructive program structure taking into account social practice intelligence to assist understudies in getting reasonable data and capacities, organize social business with venturing targets, and consolidate battling reasonings in inventive and legitimate ways.
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28

Luo, Xudong, and Chengqi Zhang. "LSLNCF: A Hybrid Uncertain Reasoning Model Based on Probability." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 06, no. 04 (August 1998): 401–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021848859800032x.

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The "take-them-in-or-leave-them-out" of prior probabilities is a key problem in uncertain reasonings. The EMYCIN uncertain reasoning model is inconsistent with probability theory, due to 'leaving them out', while the PROSPECTOR uncertain reasoning model is substantially consistent with probability theory, due to 'taking them in'. This presents a difficult task for human experts when supplying prior probabilities. In this paper, in order to overcome the difficulty, we propose a hybrid uncertain reasoning model, by combing rule strengths in the PROSPECTOR model with rule strengths in the EMYCIN model. Moreover, different forms of rule strength will enable human experts to supply values for the rule strengths more flexibly in a knowledge base. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the power of our methodology.
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29

Zhao, Shan, and Hongxing Li. "The Construction of Type-2 Fuzzy Reasoning Relations for Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/459508.

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Type-2 fuzzy reasoning relations are the type-2 fuzzy relations obtained from a group of type-2 fuzzy reasonings by using extended t-(co)norm, which are essential for implementing type-2 fuzzy logic systems. In this paper an algorithm is provided for constructing type-2 fuzzy reasoning relations of SISO type-2 fuzzy logic systems. First, we give some properties of extended t-(co)norm and simplify the expression of type-2 fuzzy reasoning relations in accordance with different input subdomains under certain conditions. And then different techniques are discussed to solve the simplified expressions on the input subdomains by using the related methods on solving fuzzy relation equations. Besides, it is pointed out that the computation amount level of the proposed algorithm is the same as that of polynomials and the possibility of applying the proposed algorithm in the construction of type-2 fuzzy reasoning relations is illustrated on several examples. Finally, the calculation of an arbitrary extended continuous t-norm can be obtained as the special case of the proposed algorithm.
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30

Merritt, Maria, and Jodi Halpern. "Emotional Reasoning." Hastings Center Report 32, no. 5 (September 2002): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3528714.

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31

Gooch, Sally, Sue Haworth, Rebecca Malby, Steve Wright, and John Atkinson. "Imperfect reasoning." Nursing Standard 3, no. 50 (September 9, 1989): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.3.50.51.s65.

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32

NISHIDA, Toyoaki. "Qualitative Reasoning." Journal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Systems 4, no. 4 (1992): 591–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3156/jfuzzy.4.4_591.

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33

BABAGUCHI, Noboru. "Nonmonotonic Reasoning." Journal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Systems 4, no. 4 (1992): 608–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3156/jfuzzy.4.4_608.

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34

ISHIZUKA, Mitsuru. "Hypothetical Reasoning." Journal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Systems 4, no. 4 (1992): 620–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3156/jfuzzy.4.4_620.

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35

Wos, L. "Automated Reasoning." American Mathematical Monthly 92, no. 2 (February 1985): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2322633.

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36

Gavanelli, Marco, and Toni Mancini. "Automated reasoning." Intelligenza Artificiale 7, no. 2 (2013): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ia-130053.

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37

Grigorita, Liliana, Andreea Stan, and Boban Thomas. "Diagnostic Reasoning." Annals of Internal Medicine 168, no. 10 (May 15, 2018): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/l18-0009.

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38

Mitchell, David M. "Diagnostic Reasoning." Annals of Internal Medicine 168, no. 10 (May 15, 2018): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/l18-0010.

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39

Griner, Paul F. "Diagnostic Reasoning." Annals of Internal Medicine 168, no. 10 (May 15, 2018): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/l18-0011.

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40

Simpkin, Arabella L., Jatin M. Vyas, and Katrina A. Armstrong. "Diagnostic Reasoning." Annals of Internal Medicine 168, no. 10 (May 15, 2018): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/l18-0012.

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41

Tselishchev, Vitaly V. "Mathematical Reasoning." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 57, no. 4 (2020): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps202057459.

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The article is devoted to the comparison of two types of proofs in mathematical practice, the methodological differences of which go back to the difference in the understanding of the nature of mathematics by Descartes and Leibniz. In modern philosophy of mathematics, we talk about conceptual and formal proofs in connection with the so-called Hilbert Thesis, according to which every proof can be transformed into a logical conclusion in a suitable formal system. The analysis of the arguments of the proponents and opponents of the Thesis, “conceptualists” and “formalists”, is presented respectively by the two main antagonists – Y. Rav and J. Azzouni. The focus is on the possibility of reproducing the proof of “interesting” mathematical theorems in the form of a strict logical conclusion, in principle feasible by a mechanical procedure. The argument of conceptualists is based on pointing out the importance of other aspects of the proof besides the logical conclusion, namely, in introducing new concepts, methods, and establishing connections between different sections of meaningful mathematics, which is often illustrated by the case of proving Fermat’s Last Theorem (Y. Rav). Formalists say that a conceptual proof “points” to the formal logical structure of the proof (J. Azzouni). The article shows that the disagreement is based on the assumption of asymmetry of mutual translation of syntactic and semantic structures of the language, as a result of which the formal proof loses important semantic factors of proof. In favor of a formal proof, the program of univalent foundations of mathematics In. Vojevodski, according to which the future of mathematical proofs is associated with the availability of computer verification programs. In favor of conceptual proofs, it is stated (A. Pelc) that the number of steps in the supposed formal logical conclusion when proving an “interesting” theorem exceeds the cognitive abilities of a person. The latter circumstance leads the controversy beyond the actual topic of mathematical proof into the epistemological sphere of discussions of “mentalists” and “mechanists” on the question of the supposed superiority of human intelligence over the machine, initiated by R. Penrose in his interpretation of the Second Theorem of Goedel, among whose supporters, as it turned out, was Goedel himself.
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42

Wolfe, Katharine. "Reclaiming Reasoning." Teaching Philosophy 45, no. 2 (2022): 209–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/teachphil202234160.

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This article traces my own pedagogical journey to find strategies for teaching critical thinking that emphasize intellectual cooperation, empathy, and argument repair, a journey that found me frequently turning to sources outside of philosophy, including work in intergroup dialogue and pedagogical work in rhetoric and composition. Theoretically, the article showcases Maureen Linker’s notion of ‘cooperative reasoning’ (2015), sets it against the ‘adversary paradigm’ Janice Moulton critiques, and illustrates how Peter Elbow’s challenges to critical thinking as a ‘doubting game’ resonate with Linker’s work. Practically, it illustrates the structure and the role of peer-to-peer dialogues in my own reasoning classroom, an enactment of a cooperative, belief-based approach to reasoning inspired by Linker and Elbow alike, while also learning from the methodologies of intergroup dialogue.
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43

Poulter, Martin. "Critical Reasoning." Cogito 12, no. 3 (1998): 227–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/cogito199812336.

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44

Thayer-Bacon, Barbara J. "Caring Reasoning." Inquiry: Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines 19, no. 4 (2000): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/inquiryctnews200019422.

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45

Aronson, Jerrold L. "Scientific Reasoning." International Studies in Philosophy 23, no. 3 (1991): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/intstudphil1991233100.

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46

West, Henry R. "Practical Reasoning." International Studies in Philosophy 24, no. 3 (1992): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/intstudphil1992243116.

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47

Cannon, Dale, and Mark Weinstein. "Reasoning Skills." Thinking: The Journal of Philosophy for Children 6, no. 1 (1985): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/thinking19856134.

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48

Chang, Kuo-Liang. "Redeem Reasoning." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 18, no. 7 (March 2013): 396–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mathteacmiddscho.18.7.0396.

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49

Kassirer, Jerome P. "Diagnostic Reasoning." Annals of Internal Medicine 110, no. 11 (June 1, 1989): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-110-11-893.

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50

Goldstick, D. "Circular Reasoning." International Studies in Philosophy 35, no. 4 (2003): 129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/intstudphil20033548.

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