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1
Tariq, Muhammad Mukarram Bin. "Modeling performance of internet-based services using causal reasoning." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33927.
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The performance of Internet-based services depends on many
server-side, client-side, and network related factors. Often, the
interaction among the factors or their effect on service performance
is not known or well-understood. The complexity of these services
makes it difficult to develop analytical models. Lack of models
impedes network management tasks, such as predicting performance while
planning for changes to service infrastructure, or diagnosing causes
of poor performance.
We posit that we can use statistical causal methods to model
performance for Internet-based services and facilitate performance
related network management tasks. Internet-based services are
well-suited for statistical learning because the inherent variability
in many factors that affect performance allows us to collect
comprehensive datasets that cover service performance under a wide
variety of conditions. These conditional distributions represent the
functions that govern service performance and dependencies that are
inherent in the service infrastructure. These functions and
dependencies are accurate and can be used in lieu of analytical models
to reason about system performance, such as predicting performance of
a service when changing some factors, finding causes of poor
performance, or isolating contribution of individual factors in
observed performance.
We present three systems, What-if Scenario Evaluator (WISE), How to
Improve Performance (HIP), and Network Access Neutrality Observatory
(NANO), that use statistical causal methods to facilitate network
management tasks. WISE predicts performance for what-if configurations
and deployment questions for content distribution networks. For this,
WISE learns the causal dependency structure among the latency-causing
factors, and when one or more factors is changed, WISE estimates
effect on other factors using the dependency structure. HIP extends
WISE and uses the causal dependency structure to invert the
performance function, find causes of poor performance, and help
answers questions about how to improve performance or achieve
performance goals. NANO uses causal inference to quantify the impact
of discrimination policies of ISPs on service performance. NANO is the
only tool to date for detecting destination-based discrimination
techniques that ISPs may use.
We have evaluated these tools by application to large-scale
Internet-based services and by experiments on wide-area Internet.
WISE is actively used at Google for predicting network-level and
browser-level response time for Web search for new datacenter
deployments. We have used HIP to find causes of high-latency Web
search transactions in Google, and identified many cases where
high-latency transactions can be significantly mitigated with simple
infrastructure changes. We have evaluated NANO using experiments on
wide-area Internet and also made the tool publicly available to
recruit users and deploy NANO at a global scale.
2
DRAGONE, Luigi. "Modeling and reasoning about semantic e-services in cooperative information systems." Doctoral thesis, La Sapienza, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/917061.
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Sirin, Evren. "Combining description logic reasoning with AI planning for composition of web services." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/4070.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.Thesis research directed by: Computer Science. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
4
Benoit, Esther. "Promoting moral reasoning and ego development through the use of deliberate psychological education in family counseling." W&M ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618668.
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Families come to therapy wanting to know how to raise good citizens and address issues of justice and fairness in the context of their interpersonal relationships. Research literature suggests that the family may be the best context for moral learning. The implications of deliberately promoted developmental growth within the context of a family therapy intervention are explored. Specifically, the relationships between moral reasoning, ego development and relational functioning in family therapy are examined within a systems-based therapeutic approach.;Outcome research in family therapy suggests that there is at least a moderate positive effect of family therapy. This study examines the effects of a deliberate psychological education (DPE) intervention in the context of systemic family therapy. This study proposed that those at higher levels of moral reasoning and ego development would exhibit a greater ability to adapt to normative family life cycle transitions and exhibit greater relational functioning as more cognitively complex parents may be better equipped to facilitate family organization, communication and emotional responsiveness.;Results of this study indicated developmental shifts in both the treatment and comparison groups over time, with significant positive gains indicated for the treatment group in the domains of ego development and moral reasoning. Family functioning improved slightly for the treatment group over time, but effects were not significant. Implications of this study and suggestions for future research are suggested.
5
Riechel, Morgan E. Kiper. "An investigation of relationships among school counselors' ethical professional identity development, moral reasoning, and attitudes toward confidentiality with minors." W&M ScholarWorks, 2013. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550154153.
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Tiberghien, Thibaut. "Strategies for context reasoning in assistive livings for the elderly." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01048698.
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Leveraging our experience with the traditional approach to ambient assisted living (AAL) which relies on a large spread of heterogeneous technologies in deployments, this thesis studies the possibility of a more "stripped down" and complementary approach, where only a reduced hardware subset is deployed, probing a transfer of complexity towards the software side, and enhancing the large scale deployability of the solution. Focused on the reasoning aspects in AAL systems, this work has allowed the finding of a suitable semantic inference engine for the peculiar use in these systems, responding to a need in this scientific community. Considering the coarse granularity of situational data available, dedicated rule-sets with adapted inference strategies are proposed, implemented, and validated using this engine. A novel semantic reasoning mechanism is proposed based on a cognitively inspired reasoning architecture. Finally, the whole reasoning system is integrated in a fully featured context-aware service framework, powering its context awareness by performing live event processing through complex ontological manipulation. the overall system is validated through in-situ deployments in a nursing home as well as private homes over a few months period, which itself is noticeable in a mainly laboratory-bound research domain
7
Hayes, Tavis. "Development of a Framework to Describe the Association Between Hypothetical and Real-World Decisions: A Systematic Concept Review and Cognitive Interviews with Decision Aid Developers." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35626.
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Despite recommendations, health services interventions often lack mechanistic evidence. One way of acquiring such evidence is through the use of hypothetical settings. However, there are knowledge gaps about the factors that affect whether hypothetical decisions will correlate to real-world ones. This thesis involves a systematic concept review to identify the factors important to the hypothetical-real-world decision relationship and a case study of the relevance of these factors to the decision aid development context. The 42 identified factors were grouped into 5 categories: Personal Characteristics, Presentation Characteristics, Cognitive Factors, Motivation, and Participant Characteristics. Through cognitive interviews with decision aid developers we found that the interviewees had generally not considered many of the factors thought to affect the external validity of hypothetical data. This thesis contributes a framework that highlights factors for investigators to consider when designing studies in hypothetical settings and that can serve as a foundation for future research.
8
Glossenger, John Kenneth. "The role of planning in two artificial intelligence architectures." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1991. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Robertson, Derek Lane. "Infusing the school counseling internship with a global perspective to promote ego development, moral reasoning, and ethnocultural empathy: A deliberate psychological education." W&M ScholarWorks, 2013. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550154155.
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Dakin, Emily K. "OLDER WOMEN'S PERCEPTIONS OF ETHICAL DILEMMAS IN ADULT PROTECTIVE SERVICES: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY." online version, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1081529078.
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Liu, Liwei. "The implication of context and criteria information in recommender systems as applied to the service domain." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-implication-of-context-and-criteria-information-in-recommender-systems-as-applied-to-the-service-domain(c3b8e170-8ae0-4e5c-a9b1-508f9c54316a).html.
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Recommender systems support online customers by suggesting products and services of likely interest to them. Research in recommender systems is now starting to recognise the importance of multiple selection criteria and the role of customer context in improving the recommendation output. This thesis investigates the inclusion of criteria and context information in the recommendation process. Firstly, a novel technique for multi-criteria recommendation is proposed. It assumes that some selection criteria for an item (product or a service) will dominate the overall rating, and that these dominant criteria will be different for different users. Following this assumption, users are clustered based on their criteria preferences, creating a “preference lattice”. The recommendation output for a user is then based on ratings by other users from the same or nearby clusters. Secondly, a context similarity metric for context aware recommendation is presented. This metric can help improve the prediction accuracy in two ways. On the one hand, the metric can guide the aggregation of the feedback from similar context to improve the prediction accuracy. This aggregation is important because the recommendation generation based on prior feedback by similar customers reduces the quantum of feedback used, resulting in a reduction in recommendation quality. On the other hand, the value returned by the context similarity metric can also be used to indicate the importance of the context information in the prediction process for a context aware recommendation.The validation of the two proposed techniques and their applications are conducted in the service domain because the relatively high degree of user involvement attracts users to provide detailed feedback from multiple perspectives, such as from criteria and context perspectives. In particular, hotel services and web services areas are selected due to their different levels of maturity in terms of users’ feedback. For each area, this thesis proposes a different recommendation approach by combining the proposed techniques with a traditional recommendation approach. The thesis concludes with experiments conducted on the datasets from the two aforementioned areas to evaluate the proposed techniques, and to demonstrate the process and the effectiveness of the techniques-based recommendation approaches.
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Nageba, Ebrahim. "Personalizable architecture model for optimizing the access to pervasive ressources and services : Application in telemedicine." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694445.
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The growing development and use of pervasive systems, equipped with increasingly sophisticated functionalities and communication means, offer fantastic potentialities of services, particularly in the eHealth and Telemedicine domains, for the benifit of each citizen, patient or healthcare professional. One of the current societal challenges is to enable a better exploitation of the available services for all actors involved in a given domain. Nevertheless, the multiplicity of the offered services, the systems functional variety, and the heterogeneity of the needs require the development of knowledge models of these services, systems functions, and needs. In addition, the distributed computing environments heterogeneity, the availability and potential capabilities of various human and material resources (devices, services, data sources, etc.) required by the different tasks and processes, the variety of services providing users with data, the interoperability conflicts between schemas and data sources are all issues that we have to consider in our research works. Our contribution aims to empower the intelligent exploitation of ubiquitous resources and to optimize the quality of service in ambient environment. For this, we propose a knowledge meta-model of the main concepts of a pervasive environment, such as Actor, Task, Resource, Object, Service, Location, Organization, etc. This knowledge meta-model is based on ontologies describing the different aforementioned entities from a given domain and their interrelationships. We have then formalized it by using a standard language for knowledge description. After that, we have designed an architectural framework called ONOF-PAS (ONtology Oriented Framework for Pervasive Applications and Services) mainly based on ontological models, a set of rules, an inference engine, and object oriented components for tasks management and resources processing. Being generic, extensible, and applicable in different domains, ONOF-PAS has the ability to perform rule-based reasoning to handle various contexts of use and enable decision making in dynamic and heterogeneous environments while taking into account the availability and capabilities of the human and material resources required by the multiples tasks and processes executed by pervasive systems. Finally, we have instantiated ONOF-PAS in the telemedicine domain to handle the scenario of the transfer of persons victim of health problems during their presence in hostile environments such as high mountains resorts or geographically isolated areas. A prototype implementing this scenario, called T-TROIE (Telemedicine Tasks and Resources Ontologies for Inimical Environments), has been developed to validate our approach and the proposed ONOF-PAS framework.
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Lima, Dutra Moisés, and Dutra Moisés Lima. "An ontology-based approach to manage conflicts in collaborative design." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00692473.
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Today's complex design projects require teams of designers to work collaboratively by sharing their respective expertise in order to produce effective design solutions. Due to the increasing need for exchanging knowledge, modern design projects are more structured to work with distributed virtual teams that collaborate over computer networks to achieve overall optimization in design. Nevertheless, in a collaborative design process, the integration of multidisciplinary virtual teams - involving exchange and sharing of knowledge and expertise - frequently and inevitably generates conflicting situations. Different experts' viewpoints and perspectives, in addition to several ways of communicating and collaborating at the knowledge level, make all this process very hard to manage. In order to achieve an optimal scenario, some problems must first be solved, such as requirement specification and formalization, ontology integration, and conflict detection and resolution. Specifying and formalizing the knowledge demands a great effort towards obtaining representation patterns that aggregate several disjoint knowledge areas. Each expert should express himself so that the others can understand his information correctly. It is necessary, therefore, to use a flexible and sufficiently extensive data representation model to accomplish such a task. Some current models fall short of providing an effective solution to effective knowledge sharing and collaboration on design projects, because they fail to combine the geographical, temporal, and functional design aspects with a flexible and generic knowledge representation model. This work proposes an information model-driven collaborative design architecture that supports synchronous, generic, service-oriented, agent-based, and ontology-based teamwork. Particular representation models are transformed into ontology instances and merged together in order to accomplish the final product design. It is a synchronous approach because the concurrent processes are undertaken at the same time that the interactions among designers take place. It is generic because it provides the users with two approaches for ontology integration: the use of a predefined generic ontology and the harmonization process. Our proposal focuses on collaborative design conflict resolution by using Web Ontology Language (OWL) and Web Services, the former as a tool for knowledge representation and the latter as a technological support for communication.
14
Ayari, Naouel. "Modélisation des connaissances et raisonnement à base d'ontologies spatio-temporelles : application à la robotique ambiante d'assistance." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1023.
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Dans cette thèse, nous proposons un cadre générique pour la modélisation et la gestion du contexte dans le cadre des systèmes intelligents ambiants et robotiques. Les connaissances contextuelles considérées sont de plusieurs types et issues de perceptions multimodales : connaissances spatiales et/ou temporelles, changement d’états et de propriétés d’entités, énoncés en langage naturel. Pour ce faire, nous avons proposé une extension du langage NKRL (Narrative Knowledge Representation and Reasoning) pour parvenir à une représentation unifiée des connaissances contextuelles qu’elles soient spatiales, temporelles ou spatio-temporelles et effectuer les raisonnements associés. Nous avons exploité l’expressivité des ontologies n-aires sur lesquelles repose le langage NKRL pour pallier aux problèmes rencontrés dans les approches de représentation des connaissances spatiales et dynamiques à base d’ontologies binaires, communément utilisées en intelligence ambiante et en robotique. Il en résulte une modélisation plus riche, plus fine et plus cohérente du contexte permettant une meilleure adaptation des services d’assistance à l’utilisateur dans le cadre des systèmes intelligents ambiants et robotiques. La première contribution concerne la modélisation des connaissances spatiales et/ou temporelles et des changements de contexte, et les inférences spatiales, temporelles ou spatio-temporelles. La deuxième contribution concerne, quant à elle, le développement d’une méthodologie permettant d’effectuer un traitement syntaxique et une annotation sémantique pour extraire, à partir d’un énoncé en langage naturel, des connaissances contextuelles spatiales ou temporelles en NKRL. Ces contributions ont été validées et évaluées en termes de performances (temps de traitement, taux d’erreurs, et taux de satisfaction des usagers) dans le cadre de scénarios mettant en œuvre différentes formes de services : assistance au bien-être, assistance de type aide sociale, assistance à la préparation d’un repasIn this thesis, we propose a generic framework for modeling and managing the context in ambient and robotic intelligent systems. The contextual knowledge considered is of several types and derived from multimodal perceptions : spatial and / or temporal knowledge, change of states and properties of entities, statements in natural language. To do this, we proposed an extension of the Narrative Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (NKRL) language to reach a unified representation of contextual knowledge whether spatial, temporal or spatio-temporal and perform the associated reasoning. We have exploited the expressiveness of the n-ary ontologies on which the NKRL language is based to bearing on the problems encountered in the spatial and dynamic knowledge representation approaches based on binary ontologies, commonly used in ambient intelligence and robotics. The result is a richer, finer and more coherent modeling of the context allowing a better adaptation of user assistance services in the context of ambient and robotic intelligent systems. The first contribution concerns the modeling of spatial and / or temporal knowledge and contextual changes, and spatial, temporal or spatial-temporal inferences. The second contribution concerns the development of a methodology allowing to carry out a syntactic treatment and a semantic annotation to extract, from a statement in natural language, spatial or temporal contextual knowledge in NKRL. These contributions have been validated and evaluated in terms of performance (processing time, error rate, and user satisfaction rate) in scenarios involving different forms of services: wellbeing assistance, social assistance, assistance with the preparation of a meal
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Ventura, Daniela. "A New Paradigm for Collaborative Smart Objects to Enable the Development of User-centric Services in Pervasive Environments." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/4086.
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In the near future, people will not be the only consumers of Web content, but also an increasing number of machines will be able to independently search and interpret data received from web servers in order to perform tasks for users. If a machine is an Internet-connected everyday object and its functionalities can be remotely invoked through REST API, then such machine will be part of the Web of Things. In addition to core features, objects will be augmented with sensing and adaptive capabilities, reasoning and decision-making abilities, and, as consequence, intelligence will be transferred to the environment.
The new properties of these spaces will change the way in which people interact with objects, as well as services, which users will access to, will become absolutely innovative. From one hand, in fact, you want to reduce or facilitate human-machine interaction. From the other hand, you want to provide context-aware services that are consistent with the context where users are located, personalized services that take into account the preferences and habits of users, and complex services that are based on the aggregation of basic services ( mashups ).
The respective evolutions, that machines and people, inhabitants of Smart Spaces, are going through, are closely connected: if machines become smart, the role and attitude of users change, and vice versa to improve and simplify people s lives, it is necessary to design advanced capabilities for machines. In this thesis we analyze in parallel both the aspects in the context of the Web of Things: we want to make everyday objects intelligent and cooperative in order to introduce innovative forms of interaction between users and machines, satisfy people s expectations, and increase users eco-awareness to induce them to change their wrong behaviors that generate energy waste.
Underlying the process of collaboration among objects, there is the issue to find a machine-understandable format to describe the effects produced by invoking services exposed by a device, namely REST APIs, and a semantic language that allows to universally interpret exchanged data. Furthermore, to make machines proactive (i.e. a goal-driven attitude), it is necessary to adopt a strategy to determine all the possible plans , in the form of communication flows involving real objects or Web services (i.e. physical mashups ), that satisfy a specific objective. In this thesis we propose to use standard semantic reasoners and Web technologies to overcome these problems.
Considering that pervasive environments are populated by people with different needs and abilities, this thesis presents a platform in which users express goals through their voice or via a web app, and Smart Objects cooperate with each other in order to execute tasks for users. The platform monitors three types of contextual data: the user s indoor and outdoor position, the elapsed time, and the state of objects. Moreover, the plan, that is selected to be executed, is personalized on the base of user s preferences and feedback.
Exploiting the method to describe REST APIs in machine-understandable format, this thesis proposes new user-object interactions. Using the Augmented Reality and the user-experience of web applications, we demonstrate how to overcome the heterogeneity in the interfaces to control objects.
To motivate people in to put more attention to energy consumption, in this thesis we describe a method in which everyday objects provide eco-feedback to users giving them advice about the more convenient working-mode (between on/off and standby) to set in order to save energy. These appliances are able to apply predictive algorithms to determine their next-week usage forecast and, thus, the working-mode to use per hours.
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Lima, Dutra Moisés. "An ontology-based approach to manage conflicts in collaborative design." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10241/document.
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De nos jours, les projets de conception complexes de produits exigent que les équipes de concepteurs se réunissent pour faciliter le partage de leurs compétences et expertises respectives afin de produire un ensemble de solutions de conception efficace. Dû au besoin croissant d’échanger les connaissances, les projets de conception modernes sont encore plus structurés pour travailler avec des équipes distribuées qui collaborent sur un réseau informatique pour accomplir une conception optimale de produit. Néanmoins, dans ce processus de conception collaborative, l'intégration d'équipes multidisciplinaires – qui implique l'échange et le partage des connaissances et compétences – génère fréquemment des situations conflictuelles. Les différents points de vue et perspectives des experts, les différentes façons de communiquer et collaborer au niveau de connaissances, rendent le processus difficilement maitrisable. Pour accomplir un scénario optimal, certains problèmes doivent d’abords être résolus comme la spécification et formalisation des besoins, l’intégration d'ontologies, la détection et la résolution des conflits. Spécifier et formaliser les connaissances demandent un grand effort afin d’obtenir un modèle de représentation pour agréger plusieurs domaines différents des connaissances. Chaque expert pourrait s'exprimer afin que les autres comprennent leurs informations correctement. Il est donc nécessaire d’utiliser un modèle de représentation de données suffisamment clair et flexible pour accomplir cette tâche. Certains modèles actuels ne parviennent pas à fournir une solution efficace pour le partage des connaissances et pour la collaboration des projets de conception, car ces modèles n’intègrent pas les aspects géographiques, temporels, fonctionnels de la conception avec un modèle de représentation des connaissances flexible et générique. Ce travail propose une architecture, pour la conception collaborative, qui ambitionne d'être synchrone, générique, orientée aux services, basée sur les agents, et basée sur les ontologies. Des modèles particuliers de représentation sont transformés en instances d'ontologie et sont fusionnés pour accomplir le model final de conception d’un produit. C'est une approche synchrone parce que le processus de fusion est entrepris en même temps que l'interaction entre concepteurs. C'est générique parce qu'elle permet aux utilisateurs de travailler avec deux approches pour l’intégration d'ontologies : celle qui utilise une ontologie générique et celle qui utilise un processus d'harmonisation. Notre proposition se concentre sur les conflits de la conception collaborative et fait usage de Web Ontology Language (OWL) et des Services Web, le premier comme langage pour représenter les connaissances et le dernier comme un support technologique pour la communicationToday’s complex design projects require teams of designers to work collaboratively by sharing their respective expertise in order to produce effective design solutions. Due to the increasing need for exchanging knowledge, modern design projects are more structured to work with distributed virtual teams that collaborate over computer networks to achieve overall optimization in design. Nevertheless, in a collaborative design process, the integration of multidisciplinary virtual teams – involving exchange and sharing of knowledge and expertise – frequently and inevitably generates conflicting situations. Different experts’ viewpoints and perspectives, in addition to several ways of communicating and collaborating at the knowledge level, make all this process very hard to manage. In order to achieve an optimal scenario, some problems must first be solved, such as requirement specification and formalization, ontology integration, and conflict detection and resolution. Specifying and formalizing the knowledge demands a great effort towards obtaining representation patterns that aggregate several disjoint knowledge areas. Each expert should express himself so that the others can understand his information correctly. It is necessary, therefore, to use a flexible and sufficiently extensive data representation model to accomplish such a task. Some current models fall short of providing an effective solution to effective knowledge sharing and collaboration on design projects, because they fail to combine the geographical, temporal, and functional design aspects with a flexible and generic knowledge representation model. This work proposes an information model-driven collaborative design architecture that supports synchronous, generic, service-oriented, agent-based, and ontology-based teamwork. Particular representation models are transformed into ontology instances and merged together in order to accomplish the final product design. It is a synchronous approach because the concurrent processes are undertaken at the same time that the interactions among designers take place. It is generic because it provides the users with two approaches for ontology integration: the use of a predefined generic ontology and the harmonization process. Our proposal focuses on collaborative design conflict resolution by using Web Ontology Language (OWL) and Web Services, the former as a tool for knowledge representation and the latter as a technological support for communication
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Makombe, Farai. "Developing a help-desk system for a multi-purpose ICT platform in a marginalised setting." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/315.
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Attempts to bridge the digital divide between urban and rural Information and Communications Technology (ICT) users have led to the deployment of ICT platforms in remote rural areas. This puts an increased demand for skilled support in rural ICT platforms to assist users in resolving technical problems that they face on a daily basis. A web based help desk system is developed and implemented to allow knowledge sharing and collaboration amongst users and experts as a way of ensuring the technical sustainability of the Siyakhula Living Lab, a remote rural based Information and Communications Technology (ICT4D) intervention. The research describes the use of Transactional and Innovation & Creative knowledge management strategies and their associated applications such as case-based reasoning (CBR) methods and collaborative knowledge approaches to develop a help desk support system for a geographically distributed multipurpose ICT centre in Dwesa, a rural remote area in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The system implemented in this study has been validated for functional adequacy and usability within the Siyakhula Living Lab. The results of the evaluation are presented in this thesis to provide the initial validation of the effectiveness of the help desk system. Keywords: ICT4D, ICT, Case-Based Reasoning; Collaborative Knowledge, Technical Sustainability, Help Desk Systems, Siyakhula Living Lab Forums, Issue Tracking, Rural Users, South Africa
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Supadulchai, Paramai. "Reasoning-based Capability Configuration Management in Adaptable Service Systems." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Telematics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-2162.
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Networked Service Systems are considered. Services are realized by service components, which by their inter-working, provide a service in the role of a service provider to service users. During more than two decades, networked service systems have been an important research topic. Focus was on efficiency in the definition, deployment and execution of services. This focus now has been changed into adaptability.
Adaptable service systems are service systems that are able to adapt dynamically to changes in time and position related to users, nodes, capabilities, system performance, changed service requirements and policies.
This thesis has focus on adaptability aspects related to capabilities. A capability is defined here as an inherent property of a node, which is used as a basis for implementing a service.
Goal adaptability properties of an adaptable service system can be classified as general and core properties. The general properties are requirement to the architectural framework while the core properties are requirement to the functionality. The core properties are classified as i) re-arrangement flexibility, ii) failure robustness and iii) resource load awareness and control properties.
The realization of the goal adaptability properties both needs an appropriate architectural framework as well as management functionality. This thesis presents a solution framework for reasoning-based capability configuration management for adaptable service systems. This framework is defined to consist of five contributions. Each contribution consists of sub-contributions; each of which represents contributed concept, model or mechanism. The contributions are:
• C1: Capability-based computing architecture
• C2: Policy-based reasoning
• C3: Capability configuration management
• C4: Concept model and data representation
• C5: Scenarios - experimentation and simulation
Capability-based computing architecture is a capability and QoS-based architectural framework intended to be used for the specification and execution of any service functionality. Policy-based reasoning is a support functionality that makes adaptable service systems being able to take decisions based on flexible and expressive behavioral specification. Capability configuration management is a functionality related to capability specifications, configuration, allocation, re-allocation and optimization. Concept model and data representation is the data model applied for the formalization and representation of the concepts applied for the capability configuration management based on policy-based reasoning. Scenarios – experimentation and simulation shows the experiments and simulations that have been conducted for validating the other contributions.
My PhD work and thesis is related to TAPAS (Telematics Architecture for Play-based Adaptable Service Systems). This thesis is structured into two main parts: Part I – Introduction and Part II – Selected publications. Part I is intended for the reader to get an overview of the publications included in Part II.
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MONTEIRO, RUHAN DOS REIS. "A REAL-TIME REASONING SERVICE FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=36169@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
O crescimento da Internet das Coisas (IoT) nos trouxe a oportunidade de criar aplicações em diversas áreas com o uso de sensores e atuadores. Um dos problemas encontrados em sistemas de IoT é a dificuldade de adicionar relações semânticas aos dados brutos produzidos por estes sensores e conseguir inferir novos fatos a partir destas relações. Além disso, devido à natureza destes sistemas, os dados produzidos por eles, conhecidos como streams, precisam ser analisados em tempo real. Streams são uma sequência de elementos de dados com variação de tempo e que não devem ser tratados como dados a serem armazenados para sempre e consultados sob demanda. Os dados em streaming precisam ser consumidos rapidamente por meio de consultas contínuas que analisam e produzem novos dados relevantes. A capacidade de inferir novas relações semânticas sobre dados em streaming é chamada de inferência sobre streams. Nesta pesquisa, propomos um modo semântico e um mecanismo para processamento e inferência sobre streams em tempo real baseados em Processamento de Eventos Complexos (CEP), RDF (Resource Description Framework) e OWL (Web Ontology Language). Apresentamos um middleware que suporta uma inferência contínua sobre dados produzidores por sensores. As principais vantagens de nossa abodagem são: (a) considerar o tempo como uma relação-chave entre a informação; (b) processamento de fluxo por ser implementado usando o CEP; (c) é geral o suficiente para ser aplicado a qualquer sistema de gerenciamento de fluxo de dados (DSMS). Foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Colaboração Avançada (LAC) utlizando e um estudo de caso no domínio da detecção de incêndio é conduzido e implementado, elucidando o uso de inferência em tempo real sobre streams.
The growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has brought the opportunity to create applications in several areas, with the use of sensors and actuators. One of the problems encountered in IoT systems is the difficulty of adding semantic relations to the raw data produced by the sensors and being able to infer new facts from these relations. Moreover, due to the fact that many IoT applications are online and need to react instantly on sensor data collected by them, they need to be analyzed in real-time. Streams are a sequence of time-varying data elements that should not be stored forever and queried on demand. Streaming data needs to be consumed quickly through ongoing queries that continue to analyze and produce new relevant data, i.e. stream of output/result events. The ability to infer new semantic relationships over streaming data is called Stream Reasoning. We propose a semantic model and a mechanism for real-time data stream processing and reasoning based on Complex Event Processing (CEP), RDF (resource description structure) and OWL (Web Ontology Language). This work presents a middleware service that supports continuous reasoning on data produced by sensors. The main advantages of our approach are: (a) to consider time as a key relationship between information; (b) flow processing can be implemented using CEP; (c) is general enough to be applied to any data flow management system (DSMS). It was developed in the Advanced Collaboration Laboratory (LAC) and a case study in the field of fire detection is conducted and implemented, elucidating the use of real-time inference on streams.
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Asplund, Anton, and Gabriel Hanna. "Using Mobile Augmented Reality and Reasoning Systems in Industrial Maintenance." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-67246.
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Inom industrin utvärderas maskiners tillstånd av enskilda arbetare för att avgöra behovet av underhåll. Dessa beslut baseras på antaganden och den enskilda arbetarens erfarenhet, vilket kan leda till felaktiga beslut. Beslut som leder till onödigt underhåll påverkar företagens ekonomi negativt. Genom att använda sensorer installerade på maskiner tillsammans med ett system för att resonera om värden från dessa kan maskinernas tillstånd avgöras. Genom att använda Augmented Reality för att visa detta tillstånd för arbetarna kan mer informerade beslut om underhåll tas. Den här rapporten undersöker de olika teknologier som behövs för att göra detta möjligt, Augmented Reality, Reasoning Systems, och Internet of Things. En prototypapplikation som utnyttjar dessa har skapats för att visa på vad som är möjligt med de enheter vi alla bär med oss varje dag.Inspection workers in industries, evaluates the state of machines based on assumptions to decide if a need for service exists. These assumptions varies depending on the person performing the evaluation, which can cause the wrong decision to be made. These decisions on machine service affect the economy of the industry. By using sensors mounted to the machines and a reasoning system to evaluate the data from these sensors, the condition of the machines can be determined. Augmented Reality can then be used to display this condition to the inspection worker, leading to more informed decisions about the need for service being made. This thesis examines the different technologies needed to make this possible, Augmented Reality, Reasoning Systems, and Internet of Things. A prototype application is created using these to show what is possible using the mobile devices we all carry.
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Clayton, Emanuel. "Pre-Service Teachers’ Understandings of Isometries." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1597915853566819.
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Dinkel, Stephen Carl. "Reasoning for Service-based Situational Awareness Information on the Semantic Web." NSUWorks, 2012. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/134.
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Accurate situational assessment is key to any decision maker and especially crucial in military command and control, air traffic control, and complex system decision making. Endsley described three dependent levels of situational awareness, (1) perception, (2) understanding, and (3) projection. This research was focused on Endsley's second-level situational awareness (understanding) as it applies to service-oriented information technology environments in the context of the Semantic Web. Specifically, this research addressed the problem of developing accurate situational assessments related to the status or health of information technology (IT) services, especially composite, dynamic IT services, when some of Endsley's first level (perceived) information was inaccurate or incomplete.
Research had not adequately addressed the problem of how to work with inaccuracy and situational awareness information in order to produce accurate situational assessments for Semantic Web services. This problem becomes especially important as the current Web moves towards a Semantic Web where information technology is expected to be represented and processed by machines. Costa's probabilistic Web ontology language (PR-OWL), as extended by Carvalho (PR-OWL2), is a framework for storage of and reasoning with uncertainty information as part of the Semantic Web.
This study used Costa's PR-OWL framework, as extended by Carvalho, to build an ontology that supports reasoning with service-oriented information in the context of the Semantic Web and then assessed the effectiveness of the developed ontology through the use of competency questions, as described by Gruninger and Fox and verified through the use of an automated reasoner. This research resulted in a Web Ontology Language for Services (OWL-S), PR-OWL2 based ontology, and its associated Multi-Entity Bayesian Network which are flexible and highly effective in calculating situational assessments through the propagation of posterior probabilities using Bayesian logic.
Specifically, this research (1) identifies sufficient information required for effective situational awareness reasoning, (2) specifies the predicates and semantics necessary to represent service components and dependencies, (3) applies Multi-Entity Bayesian Network to reason with situational awareness information, (4) ensures the correctness and consistency of the situational awareness ontology, and (5) accurately estimates posterior probabilities consistent with situational awareness information.
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De, Oliveira Joffrey. "Gestion de graphes de connaissances dans l'informatique en périphérie : gestion de flux, autonomie et adaptabilité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UEFL2069.
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Les travaux de recherche menés dans le cadre de cette thèse de doctorat se situent à l'interface du Web sémantique, des bases de données et de l'informatique en périphérie (généralement dénotée Edge computing). En effet, notre objectif est de concevoir, développer et évaluer un système de gestion de bases de données (SGBD) basé sur le modèle de données Resource Description Framework (RDF) du W3C, qui doit être adapté aux terminaux que l'on trouve dans l'informatique périphérique. Les applications possibles d'un tel système sont nombreuses et couvrent un large éventail de secteurs tels que l'industrie, la finance et la médecine, pour n'en citer que quelques-uns. Pour preuve, le sujet de cette thèse a été défini avec l'équipe du laboratoire d'informatique et d'intelligence artificielle (CSAI) du ENGIE Lab CRIGEN. Ce dernier est le centre de recherche et de développement d'ENGIE dédié aux gaz verts (hydrogène, biogaz et gaz liquéfiés), aux nouveaux usages de l'énergie dans les villes et les bâtiments, à l'industrie et aux technologies émergentes (numérique et intelligence artificielle, drones et robots, nanotechnologies et capteurs). Le CSAI a financé cette thèse dans le cadre d'une collaboration de type CIFRE. Les fonctionnalités d'un système satisfaisant ces caractéristiques doivent permettre de détecter de manière pertinente et efficace des anomalies et des situations exceptionnelles depuis des mesures provenant de capteurs et/ou actuateurs. Dans un contexte industriel, cela peut correspondre à la détection de mesures, par exemple de pression ou de débit sur un réseau de distribution de gaz, trop élevées qui pourraient potentiellement compromettre des infrastructures ou même la sécurité des individus. Le mode opératoire de cette détection doit se faire au travers d'une approche conviviale pour permettre au plus grand nombre d'utilisateurs, y compris les non-programmeurs, de décrire les situations à risque. L'approche doit donc être déclarative, et non procédurale, et doit donc s'appuyer sur un langage de requêtes, par exemple SPARQL. Nous estimons que l'apport des technologies du Web sémantique peut être prépondérant dans un tel contexte. En effet, la capacité à inférer des conséquences implicites depuis des données et connaissances explicites constitue un moyen de créer de nouveaux services qui se distinguent par leur aptitude à s'ajuster aux circonstances rencontrées et à prendre des décisions de manière autonome. Cela peut se traduire par la génération de nouvelles requêtes dans certaines situations alarmantes ou bien en définissant un sous-graphe minimal de connaissances dont une instance de notre SGBD a besoin pour répondre à l'ensemble de ses requêtes. La conception d'un tel SGBD doit également prendre en compte les contraintes inhérentes de l'informatique en périphérie, c'est-à-dire les limites en terme de capacité de calcul, de stockage, de bande passante et parfois énergétique (lorsque le terminal est alimenté par un panneau solaire ou bien une batterie). Il convient donc de faire des choix architecturaux et technologiques satisfaisant ces limitations. Concernant la représentation des données et connaissances, notre choix de conception s'est porté sur les structures de données succinctes (SDS) qui offrent, entre autres, les avantages d'être très compactes et ne nécessitant pas de décompression lors du requêtage. De même, il a été nécessaire d'intégrer la gestion de flux de données au sein de notre SGBD, par exemple avec le support du fenêtrage dans des requêtes SPARQL continues, et des différents services supportés par notre système. Enfin, la détection d'anomalies étant un domaine où les connaissances peuvent évoluer, nous avons intégré le support des modifications au niveau des graphes de connaissances stockés sur les instances des clients de notre SGBD. Ce support se traduit par une extension de certaines structures SDS utilisées dans notre prototypeThe research work carried out as part of this PhD thesis lies at the interface between the Semantic Web, databases and edge computing. Indeed, our objective is to design, develop and evaluate a database management system (DBMS) based on the W3C Resource Description Framework (RDF) data model, which must be adapted to the terminals found in Edge computing.The possible applications of such a system are numerous and cover a wide range of sectors such as industry, finance and medicine, to name but a few. As proof of this, the subject of this thesis was defined with the team from the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAI) at ENGIE Lab CRIGEN. The latter is ENGIE's research and development centre dedicated to green gases (hydrogen, biogas and liquefied gases), new uses of energy in cities and buildings, industry and emerging technologies (digital and artificial intelligence, drones and robots, nanotechnologies and sensors). CSAI financed this thesis as part of a CIFRE-type collaboration.The functionalities of a system satisfying these characteristics must enable anomalies and exceptional situations to be detected in a relevant and effective way from measurements taken by sensors and/or actuators. In an industrial context, this could mean detecting excessively high measurements, for example of pressure or flow rate in a gas distribution network, which could potentially compromise infrastructure or even the safety of individuals. This detection must be carried out using a user-friendly approach to enable as many users as possible, including non-programmers, to describe risk situations. The approach must therefore be declarative, not procedural, and must be based on a query language, such as SPARQL.We believe that Semantic Web technologies can make a major contribution in this context. Indeed, the ability to infer implicit consequences from explicit data and knowledge is a means of creating new services that are distinguished by their ability to adjust to the circumstances encountered and to make autonomous decisions. This can be achieved by generating new queries in certain alarming situations, or by defining a minimal sub-graph of knowledge that an instance of our DBMS needs in order to respond to all of its queries.The design of such a DBMS must also take into account the inherent constraints of Edge computing, i.e. the limits in terms of computing capacity, storage, bandwidth and sometimes energy (when the terminal is powered by a solar panel or a battery). Architectural and technological choices must therefore be made to meet these limitations. With regard to the representation of data and knowledge, our design choice fell on succinct data structures (SDS), which offer, among other advantages, the fact that they are very compact and do not require decompression during querying. Similarly, it was necessary to integrate data flow management within our DBMS, for example with support for windowing in continuous SPARQL queries, and for the various services supported by our system. Finally, as anomaly detection is an area where knowledge can evolve, we have integrated support for modifications to the knowledge graphs stored on the client instances of our DBMS. This support translates into an extension of certain SDS structures used in our prototype
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Nguyen, Viet Ha. "Design Space Exploration of the Quality of Service for Stream Reasoning Applications." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-79584.
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An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is often an aircraft with no crew that can fly independently by a preprogrammed plan, or by remote control. Several UAV applications, like autonomously surveillance and traffic monitoring, are real-time applications. Hence tasks in these applications must complete within specied deadlines. Real Time Calculus (RTC) is a formal framework for reasoning about realtime systems and in particular streaming applications. RTC has its mathematical roots in Network Calculus. It supports timing analysis, estimating loads and predicting memory requirements. In this thesis, a formal analysis of real-time stream reasoning for UAV applications is conducted. The performance analysis is based on RTC using an abstract performance model of the streaming reasoning on board a UAV. In this study, we consider two dierent scheduling methods, first-in-first-out (FIFO) and fixed priority (FP). In the FIFO scheduling model the priorities of the tasks are assigned and processed based on the order of their arrival, while in the FP scheduling model the priorities of the tasks are preassigned. The Quality of Service (QoS) of these applications is calculated and analyzed in a proposed design space exploration framework. QoS can be defined dierently depending on what field we are studying and in this thesis we are interested in studying the delays of the real-time stream reasoning applications when (i) we fix jitters and number of instances and vary the periods, (ii) we fix the periods and number of instances and vary the jitters, and (iii) we fix the periods, jitters and vary the number of instances.
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Banda, Asiana. "ZAMBIAN PRE-SERVICE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE TEACHERS' CHEMICAL REASONING AND ABILITY." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/796.
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The purpose of this study was two-fold: examine junior high school pre-service science teachers' chemical reasoning; and establish the extent to which the pre-service science teachers' chemical abilities explain their chemical reasoning. A sample comprised 165 junior high school pre-service science teachers at Mufulira College of Education in Zambia. There were 82 males and 83 females. Data were collected using a Chemical Concept Reasoning Test (CCRT). Pre-service science teachers' chemical reasoning was established through qualitative analysis of their responses to test items. The Rasch Model was used to determine the pre-service teachers' chemical abilities and item difficulty. Results show that most pre-service science teachers had incorrect chemical reasoning on chemical concepts assessed in this study. There was no significant difference in chemical understanding between the Full-Time and Distance Education pre-service science teachers, and between second and third year pre-service science teachers. However, there was a significant difference in chemical understanding between male and female pre-service science teachers. Male pre-service science teachers showed better chemical understanding than female pre-service science teachers. The Rasch model revealed that the pre-service science teachers had low chemical abilities, and the CCRT was very difficult for this group of pre-service science teachers. As such, their incorrect chemical reasoning was attributed to their low chemical abilities. These results have implications on science teacher education, chemistry teaching and learning, and chemical education research.
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Haskuka, Mytaher. "War trauma and moral reasoning /." Prizren : [Selbstverl.], 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=018934167&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Tuncay, Busra. "Moral Reasoning Of Pre-service Science Teacherstoward Local And Non-local Environmental Problems." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611595/index.pdf.
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Based on the importance of environmental ethics in both causing and solving many of the environmental problems, the present study aimed to (1) Examine moral reasoning patterns (i.e. ecocentric, anthropocentric, non-environmental) of pre-service science teachers toward local and non-local environmental problems, (2) Investigate the effects of gender and grade level on moral reasoning patterns, and (3) Explain the factors that may have led to the observed differences in participants&rsquomoral reasoning patterns. Throughout 2008-2009 Fall and Spring semesters, environmental cases regarding local and non-local environmental problems were distributed to a convenience sample of 120 pre-service science teachers who were enrolled in Middle East Technical University and moral decision-making interviews (MDMIs) were carried out with a sub-sample of 16 pre-service science teachers. In accordance with the purpose of the study, descriptive statistics, paired-samples t-tests, and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) tests as well as qualitative analysis of the interviews were utilized. Analyses demonstrated that participants of the study mostly exhibited ecocentric moral reasoning for both local and non-local environmental problems, and their ecocentric and anthropocentric concerns showed statistically significant difference with regard to problems&rsquo
locality. Moreover, while gender did not have a statistically significant effect on participants&rsquo
moral reasoning patterns, grade level did have a statistically significant effect. Finally, analysis of the interviews revealed sixteen factors effective in participants&rsquo
environmental concerns and their moral reasoning regarding environmental issues.
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Schade, Markus. "Using Case-based Reasoning to Control Traffic Consumption." Master's thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200701572.
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Quality of service is commonly used to shape network traffic
to meet specified criteria. The various scenarios include
limiting and reserving bandwidth for a particular application,
host or user, prioritizing latency sensitive traffic or equal
distribution of unreserved bandwidth. The DynShaper software
distributes and controls a traffic quota by more
sophisticated means than fixed per user limits and simple
disconnection after the user reaches the limit.
It distributes the quota on a daily basis, where
each day receives the same share. The users are
sorted into predefined groups with different bandwidths depending on
their recent consumption. This classification is periodically updated
to ensure the sorting order is maintained. The bandwidths of these
groups is dynamically adjusted depending on the actual consumption to
provide an efficient utilization.
This thesis presents another distribution model using a case-based
reasoning approach, a method for machine learning which is classified
as conventional artificial intelligence. Case-based reasoning tries
to solve new problems based on the solutions of similar problems from the past.
Controlling the network traffic to remain within a fixed quota can be
modeled as such a problem if the traffic patterns are recurring.
Possible solutions can be derived from statistical data and altered to
suit the new problems. When an untested solution is applied, the
software supervises the execution and revises the solution accordingly,
if the actual results deviate from the precalculated schedule.
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Ozturk, Nilay. "Investigating Pre-service Science Teachers." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613705/index.pdf.
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The aims of the present study were to investigate the relationship among preservice science teachers&rsquoinformal reasoning regarding nuclear power plant construction, epistemological beliefs and metacognitive awareness. Throughout 2010-2011 fall and spring semesters, a total of 674 pre-service science teachers participated in the study. Data were collected through Schommer&rsquo
s Epistemological Questionnaire, Metacognitive Awareness Inventory, and Open-ended Questionnaire Assessing Informal Reasoning regarding Nuclear Power Usage. MANOVA, correlational analysis, and stepwise multiple regression analyses were conducted. The analyses revealed that the differences between pre-service science teachers&rsquo
epistemological beliefs within the two decision making groups were not statistically significant. Besides, results of the bivariate correlation revealed that there were statistically significant correlation between pre-service science teachers&rsquo
total argument construction and all the dimensions of SEQ except omniscient authority. Also, there was a significant correlation between pre-service science teachers&rsquo
certain knowledge dimension of SEQ and their counterargument construction. Moreover, the differences between pre-service science teachers&rsquo
metacognitive awareness within the two decision making groups were not statistically significant. Results of the bivariate correlation revealed that there was a significant correlation between preservice science teachers&rsquo
metacognitive awareness and informal reasoning outcomes. Finally, stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that pre-service science teachers&rsquo
information management strategy was the only significant predictor for their rebuttal construction. Declarative knowledge was the best predictor of preservice science teachers&rsquo
counterargument construction while the second best predictor was certain knowledge for their counterargument construction. Finally declarative knowledge was the only significant predictor for the amount of preservice science teachers&rsquo
reasoning modes.
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Nathanson, Abigail M. "A comparison of college student moral reasoning and tendency toward choosing service learning courses." Scholarly Commons, 2006. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/637.
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This study compared moral reasoning of first year college students who chose to take the service learning section of a required general education course with students who took the non service learning section of the same course using the Visions of Morality Scale. This study hypothesized that students who chose to take the service learning section of the course would have a higher level of moral reasoning compared to those students who chose to take the non service section. Data was collected from 24 respondents via the Visions of Morality instrument and was joined to data from the Cooperative Institutional Research Program (CIRP). The study found that students in the service learning sections of the course scored lower on the Visions of Morality Scale than those in the non service learning sections. Based on CIRP data taken from respondents at the beginning of their freshman year, this study also found a statistically significant difference between students who chose service learning courses and those who chose the non service learning courses in respondent desire to participate in community based action programs. The implications for this study include insight into the reasons why students decide to participate in service courses and subsequently, why some service courses might be more effective than others.
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Crocker, Curtis J. "The Relationship between Community Service Hours and Ethical Reasoning Capabilities: An Empirical Study of Accounting Students." NSUWorks, 2013. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/hsbe_etd/21.
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The Financial Crisis of 2007-2010 is the latest of a cycle of scandals that involved questionable ethics in accountants. The costs were extraordinarily large this time. Once again there is a focus on the ethical training of the future accounting professionals, accounting instructors, and business leaders. Traditional methods have not been successful. Service-learning is presented as an alternative. In this study, community service hours are used as a proxy for the "service" component of service-learning. This research extends the research of Weber and Glyptis (2000) by examining the relationship between community service hours and ethical reasoning capabilities. Since the most community service studies in business education have been descriptive rather than empirical (Sneider, Gillmor, & Rabinowicz, 2011), this study also adds to the paucity of empirical data on the impact of community service on students.
Their research provided evidence that students participating in community service activities scored higher DIT scores than students who did not. This study explores the relationship between DIT scores and hours of community service, hours of accounting-related community service hours, age, gender, number of accounting courses, and ethics education. The study found a strong relationship between the variables, community service hours, accounting-related community service hours, and DIT scores. There was also a relationship between DIT scores and gender as well as previous ethics education. No relationship was found between DIT scores and age and the number of accounting courses taken. The Defining Issues Test (DIT) was used to measure the ethical reasoning capabilities of 233 accounting students in several colleges in the state of Georgia.
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Schiffer, Stefan [Verfasser], Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Lakemeyer, and Maren [Akademischer Betreuer] Bennewitz. "Integrating Qualitative Reasoning and Human-Robot Interaction for Domestic Service Robots / Stefan Schiffer ; Gerhard Lakemeyer, Maren Bennewitz." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1130402436/34.
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Eliason, Kiya Lynn. "Addressing Pre-Service Teachers' Misconceptions About Confidence Intervals." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6917.
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Increased attention to statistical concepts has been a prevalent trend in revised mathematics curricula across grade levels. However, the preparation of secondary school mathematics educators has not received similar attention, and learning opportunities provided to these educators is oftentimes insufficient for teaching statistics well. The purpose of this study is to analyze pre-service teachers' conceptions about confidence intervals. This research inquired about statistical reasoning from the perspective of students majoring in mathematics education enrolled in an undergraduate statistics education course who have previously completed an introductory course in statistics. We found common misconceptions among pre-service teachers participating in this study. An unanticipated finding is that all the pre-service teachers believed that the construction of a confidence interval relies on a sampling distribution that does not contain every possible sample. Instead, they believed it is necessary to take multiple samples and build a distribution of their means. I called this distribution the Multi-Sample Distribution (MSD).
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Kang, Youn Ah. "Informing design of visual analytics systems for intelligence analysis: understanding users, user tasks, and tool usage." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44847.
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Visual analytics, defined as "the science of analytical reasoning facilitated by interactive visual interfaces," emerged several years ago as a new research field. While it has seen rapid growth for its first five years of existence, the main focus of visual analytics research has been on developing new techniques and systems rather than identifying how people conduct analysis and how visual analytics tools can help the process and the product of sensemaking. The intelligence analysis community in particular has not been fully examined in visual analytics research even though intelligence analysts are one of the major target users for which visual analytics systems are built. The lack of understanding about how analysts work and how they can benefit from visual analytics systems has created a gap between tools being developed and real world practices.
This dissertation is motivated by the observation that existing models of sensemaking/intelligence analysis do not adequately characterize the analysis process and that many visual analytics tools do not truly meet user needs and are not being used effectively by intelligence analysts. I argue that visual analytics research needs to adopt successful HCI practices to better support user tasks and add utility to current work practices. As the first step, my research aims (1) to understand work processes and practices of intelligence analysts and (2) to evaluate a visual analytics system in order to identify where and how visual analytics tools can assist. By characterizing the analysis process and identifying leverage points for future visual analytics tools through empirical studies, I suggest a set of design guidelines and implications that can be used for both designing and evaluating future visual analytics systems.
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Csanadi, Andras [Verfasser], and Ingo [Akademischer Betreuer] Kollar. "Solving professional problems together : the impact of collaboration on pre-service teachers’ scientific reasoning / Andras Csanadi ; Betreuer: Ingo Kollar." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1212795970/34.
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Luk, Chi-man Victor, and 陸志文. "A study of moral reasoning in sexual dilemmas faced by secondary school students in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31248688.
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Marin-Urias, Luis Felipe. "Planification et contrôle de mouvements en interaction avec l'homme. Reasoning about space for human-robot interaction." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00468918.
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L'interaction Homme-Robot est un domaine de recherche qui se développe de manière expo-nentielle durant ces dernières années, ceci nous procure de nouveaux défis au raisonnement géométrique du robot et au partage d'espace. Le robot pour accomplir une tâche, doit non seulement raisonner sur ses propres capacités, mais également prendre en considération la perception humaine, c'est à dire "Le robot doit se placer du point de vue de l'humain". Chez l'homme, la capacité de prise de perspective visuelle commence à se manifester à partir du 24ème mois. Cette capacité est utilisée pour déterminer si une autre personne peut voir un objet ou pas. La mise en place de ce genre de capacités sociales améliorera les capacités cognitives du robot et aidera le robot pour une meilleure interaction avec les hommes. Dans ce travail, nous présentons un mécanisme de raisonnement spatial de point de vue géométrique qui utilise des concepts psychologiques de la "prise de perspective" et "de la rotation mentale" dans deux cadres généraux: - La planification de mouvement pour l'interaction homme-robot: le robot utilise "la prise de perspective égocentrique" pour évaluer plusieurs configurations où le robot peut effectuer differentes tâches d'interaction. - Une interaction face à face entre l'homme et le robot : le robot emploie la prise de point de vue de l'humain comme un outil géométrique pour comprendre l'attention et l'intention humaine afin d'effectuer des tâches coopératives.
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Lindé, Fredrik. ""HOW DOES ONE BRING THIS UP WITHOUT STIGMATIZING AND GENERALIZING ALL MUSLIMS?" : A Study of the Reasoning of Editors-in-chief within Public Service." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-50891.
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Sánchez, Reyes Christian. "The Prohibition of Salary (in Particular) and Economic Content(in General) of Collective Bargaining in Public Employment: An Exercise of Evaluation of Judicial Reasoning." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117480.
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From a jurisprudential analysis of several judgments of the Constitutional Court, the author tries to show a new perspective based on a dynamic vision of a Social State and Constitutional Law, which ones require a fundamental presence of judges in the deliberation of court cases related to the prohibition on collective bargaining in the case of public employment, in order to show the scope of axiological protection that labor law should take in situations such as public employment and lack of funds in order to achieve equality between public and private employment , thus avoiding overt discrimination.A partir de un análisis jurisprudencial de diversas sentencias del Tribunal Constitucional, el autor intenta presentar una perspectiva basada en el cambio de visión de un Estado Social y Constitucional de Derecho que exige una presencia fundamental de los jueces en la deliberación de los casos referentes a la prohibición de la negociación colectiva en el caso del empleo público, para con ello demostrar el ámbito de protección axiológica que debe asumir el derecho laboral frente a situaciones como el empleo público y la falta de presupuesto para lograr una igualdad entre los empleos públicos y privados, evitando así, una discriminación manifiesta.
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Ho, Dinh Khanh. "Gestion des ressources et de l’énergie orientée qualité de service pour les systèmes robotiques mobiles autonomes." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4000.
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Les systèmes robotiques mobiles autonomes deviennent de plus en plus complexes avec l’intégration de composants de capteurs et d’actionneurs et de fonctionnalités avancées pour effectuer les missions réelles. Pour ces systèmes techniques, les exigences sont divisées en deux catégories : les exigences fonctionnelles et les exigences non-fonctionnelles. Alors que les exigences fonctionnelles représentent ce que le robot doit faire pour accomplir la mission, les exigences non-fonctionnelles représentent la façon dont le robot exécute la mission. Ainsi, la qualité de service et l’efficacité énergétique d’une mission robotique sont classées dans cette catégorie. L’autonomie de ces systèmes est pleinement atteinte lorsque les exigences fonctionnelles et non-fonctionnelles sont garanties sans aucune intervention humaine ni aucun contrôle externe. Cependant, ces systèmes mobiles sont naturellement confrontés à des contraintes de disponibilité des ressources et de capacité énergétique, notamment dans le cadre de mission à longue durée, ces contraintes deviennent plus critiques. De plus, la performance de ces systèmes est également influencée par des conditions environnementales inattendues et non structurées dans lesquelles ils interagissent. La gestion des ressources et de l’énergie en cours de mission est donc un défi pour les robots mobiles autonomes afin de garantir les objectifs de performance souhaités tout en respectant les contraintes. Dans ce contexte, la capacité du système robotique à prendre conscience de ses propres comportements internes et de son environnement physique et à s’adapter à ces circonstances dynamiques devient importante.Cette thèse porte sur la qualité de service et l’efficacité énergétique des systèmes robotiques mobiles et propose une gestion hiérarchique en cours d’exécution afin de garantir ces objectifs non-fonctionnels de chaque mission robotique. Au niveau de la gestion locale de chaque mission, un MISSION MANAGER utilise un mécanisme de prise de décision fondé sur l’apprentissage par renforcement pour reconfigurer automatiquement certains paramètres clés propres à la mission afin de minimiser le niveau de violation des objectifs de performance et des objectifs énergétiques requis. Au niveau de la gestion globale de l’ensemble du système, un MULTI-MISSION MANAGER s’appuie sur des règles de prise de décision et des techniques de raisonnement par cas pour suivre les ressources du système et les réponses des MISSION MANAGERs afin de décider de réallouer le budget énergétique, de régler la qualité du service et de déclencher l’apprentissage en ligne pour chaque mission robotique. La méthodologie proposée a été prototypée et validée avec succès dans un environnement de simulation et le cadre de gestion est également intégré dans notre système robotique mobile réel basé sur une base mobile de Pioneer-3DX équipée d’une plate-forme embarquée de NVIDIA Jetson XavierMobile robotic systems are becoming more and more complex with the integration of advanced sensing and acting components and functionalities to perform the real required missions. For these technical systems, the requirements are divided into two categories: functional and non-functional requirements. While functional requirements represent what the robot must do to accomplish the mission, non-functional requirements represent how the robot performs the mission. Thus, the quality of service and energy efficiency of a robotic mission are classified in this category. The autonomy of these systems is fully achieved when both functional and non-functional requirements are guaranteed without any human intervention or any external control. However, these mobile systems are naturally confronted with resource availability and energy capacity constraints, particularly in the context of long-term missions, these constraints become more critical. In addition, the performance of these systems is also influenced by unexpected and unstructured environmental conditions in which they interact. The management of resources and energy during operation is therefore a challenge for autonomous mobile robots in order to guarantee the desired performance objectives while respecting constraints. In this context, the ability of the robotic system to become aware of its own internal behaviors and physical environment and to adapt to these dynamic circumstances becomes important.This thesis focuses on the quality of service and energy efficiency of mobile robotic systems and proposes a hierarchical run-time management in order to guarantee these non-functional objectives of each robotic mission. At the local management level of each robotic mission, a Mission Manager employs a reinforcement learning-based decision-making mechanism to automatically reconfigure certain key mission-specific parameters to minimize the level of violation of required performance and energy objectives. At the global management level of the whole system, a Multi-Mission Manager leveraged rule-based decision-making and case-based reasoning techniques monitors the system's resources and the responses of Mission Managers in order to decide to reallocate the energy budget, regulate the quality of service and trigger the online learning for each robotic mission.The proposed methodology has been successfully prototyped and validated in a simulation environment and the run-time management framework is also integrated into our real mobile robotic system based on a Pioneer-3DX mobile base equipped with an embedded NVIDIA Jetson Xavier platform
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Thorman, Felipe Gerenda. "O efeito de sobrecarga de escolha e o design: o impacto dos sistemas de processamento intuitivo e racional na satisfação do indivíduo." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2014. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4745.
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O presente estudo enfatizada a relevância ao design propiciada pela relação interdisciplinar entre os conceitos de sistema produto-serviço (PSS) e sobrecarga de escolha, salientando a satisfação do indivíduo como campo comum de trabalho entre os mesmos. O conceito de “PSS” trabalha produtos e serviços como parte de um sistema unificado, o qual também compreende outros aspectos como comunicação, distribuição, e atores. Já o conceito de “sobrecarga de escolha” se relaciona ao decréscimo na satisfação do indivíduo quando este realiza uma escolha a partir de um conjunto extenso de alternativas. A revisão de literatura acerca deste efeito sugere que o mesmo não se relaciona somente ao número de alternativas envolvidas na tarefa de escolha, mas também às distintas formas por meio das quais o indivíduo pode processar a informação – intuição e raciocínio. Deste modo, o presente estudo investiga o impacto destas formas de processamento da informação sobre o efeito de sobrecarga de escolha através de uma metodologia experimental. Para a coleta de dados, os participantes foram expostos a um conjunto de alternativas de um produto (mp3 player), na qual são manipuladas simultaneamente a quantia de objetos e características que os descrevem. Em adição, os participantes desenvolvem atividades que os levam a processar a tarefa decisória utilizando especificamente intuição ou raciocínio, com o intuito de comparar os resultados obtidos por cada sistema de processamento cognitivo. Os resultados do estudo apresentam que intuição e raciocínio evocam padrões diferentes de processamento da decisão, de maneira que o efeito de sobrecarga de escolha não é despertado unicamente a partir do aumento no número de alternativas envolvidas na tarefa decisória, mas também, na percepção do indivíduo acerca do evento de tomada de decisão. Assim, destaca-se que quando é utilizado o sistema intuitivo, a queda na satisfação do indivíduo se relaciona à elevação em aspectos posteriores à realização da escolha (frustração e arrependimento com a decisão tomada). Foi também revelado que o sistema de raciocíno, além de apresentar as mesmas correlações negativas da satisfação com o arrependimento e frustração com a decisão tomada, ainda correlaciona a queda na satisfação do indivíduo com aumentos na complexidade e sobrecarga percebidas acerca da tarefa decisória, aspectos passíveis de avaliação em um momento anterior à realização da escolha. Deste modo, conclui-se que a satisfação do indivíduo se correlaciona com variáveis distintas de acordo com o sistema de processamento utilizado no processo de julgamento e tomada de decisão.
The present study highlights the relevance to the design field provided by the interdisciplinary relationship between the concepts of product-service system (PSS) and choice overload, emphasizing the individual’s satisfaction as a common ground between both concepts. The PSS considers products and services as part of a unified system, which also includes other components such as communication, distribution, and other actors. The concept of choice overload relates to the decrease in satisfaction when a decision is made based on an extensive set of alternatives. The literature review suggests that the overload effect it is not only related to the number of alternatives involved in the choice task , but also to the different ways through which the individual can process information - intuition and reasoning. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of these forms of information processing information on the overload effect through an experimental method. In regards to data collection, the participants were exposed to a set of alternatives of a product (mp3 player), simultaneously manipulating the amount of products and also the characteristics that describe them. In addition, participants develop activities that lead to the specific usage of intuition or reasoning during the decision task, aiming to compare the results obtained by each system of cognitive processing. The results shows that intuition and reasoning evoke different patterns of processing that leads to the choice itself, thus the choice overload effect is not only activated due to an increase in the amount of alternatives involved in the decisionmaking task, but also on the individual's perception about the decision-making event. It is noteworthy that when the intuitive system is used, the individual’s satisfaction is negatively correlated to aspects assessed after the choice was made (frustration and regret). It was also revealed satisfaction through the reasoning system, besides having the same negative with frustration and regret, is also negatively correlated to the individual’s perceived complexity and burden towards the decision-making task (aspects that may be assessed prior to the decision moment).Therefore, it is concluded that satisfaction correlates with distinct variables according to the processing system utilized during the judgment and decisionmaking process.
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Moore, Catherine. "Learning to see, seeing to learn: The learning journey of three pre-service teachers in a video club setting." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1597.
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This study sought to develop a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of professional growth in pre-service teachers during their final practicum. The research was situated in a primary school and involved three pre-service teachers with widely differing backgrounds who brought differing experiences to the practicum. The study identified personal and contextual variables that affected the pre-service teachers’ professional growth and explored how professional discourse within a learning community of peers, informed by multiple perspectives on teaching practice that were facilitated by video, influenced professional growth.
This qualitative research project used a broad phenomenological approach in that the methods used were designed to illuminate the process of a pre-service teacher becoming a teacher. Data were gathered over a six month period using semi-structured pre and post interviews, direct observations, video recordings of lessons, audio recordings of video discussion meetings, student questionnaires, and written feedback and reflections. Triangulated data from multiple sources were collated for each case, then open coded and grouped into themes. Cross-case analysis identified patterns in the emerging themes across all three cases, forming the basis for the discussion.
This study found that pre-service teachers’ beliefs about the roles of teachers and learners influenced their approach to teaching during their final practicum; their approach to the use of feedback for their own learning; and, their response to pressure during their practicum. Pre-service teacher motivation and capacity to interpret and act on mentor feedback was shaped by the mentoring relationship, which in turn was influenced by mentors’ beliefs about their own role, and their expectations of pre-service teacher capabilities upon arrival. The inclusion of video in a purposeful, reflective process enabled pre-service teachers to relive their experiences and to recall the affective factors that influenced their thoughts and actions as they were brought back into the moment of noticing, reasoning and acting. This decreased pre-service teachers’ reliance on mentor feedback and gave them an opportunity to triangulate evidence about their practice and interpret that evidence in a way that continually refined their understanding of teaching and learning. Importantly, this study found that pre-service teachers’ capacity to adapt practice, and to grow as a teacher, is filtered through an affective lens.
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Schlebusch, Carlie Luzaan. "An exploration of grades 10 - 12 computer applications technology teachers' problem-solving skills in the Free State." Thesis, Welkom: Central University of Technology, Free State, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/678.
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Thesis (Phd. (Education )) - Central University of Technology, Free State, 2015For learners to be effective computer applications users, they need three basic skills – computer literacy, computer fluency and intellectual and reasoning skills to apply computational techniques or computer applications to the problems and projects in a field. Computational thinking as addressed in the first literature chapter is the description and the promotion of new ways of thinking in an increasingly digital age. A computational thinker must constantly engage in technology advancements. Computational thinking is a way of solving problems and is a cognitive or a thinking process. To flourish in the world of work, computational thinking has to be a fundamental part of the way learners think and understand the world. It describes the mental activity in formulating a problem to allow a computational solution. The solution can be carried out by the learner or the computer or a combination of learner and computers. Problem-solving competency as addressed in the next literature chapter involves the ability to acquire and use new knowledge, or to use old knowledge in a new way to solve problems that are not routine. Problem-solving as a skill involves a range of processes that includes analysing, interpreting, reasoning, predicting, evaluating and reflecting. Learners need profound Computer Applications Technology (CAT) knowledge and a general reasoning ability as well as investigative strategies for solving ill-defined problems. To address the research questions, the researcher employed the QUAN-QUAL design in this study. In this study the quantitative method was used to gather data relating to the education of teachers, in-service training received and answers to certain computational thinking skills and problem-solving skills. It was also used to test the relationship between problem solving and computational thinking skills. A Likert-scale type questionnaire was completed by 150 CAT teachers. In addition, this study also employed the qualitative method with semi-structured interviews to gather data relating Abstract vi to problem solving and computational thinking skills. Eight CAT teachers were interviewed to ascertain the afore-mentioned. A pilot study was conducted with the aim to test the research approach and to identify potential problems that may affect the quality and validity of the results. The wording of some questions in the questionnaire was altered to ensure that the instrument measures what it is supposed to. Descriptive statistics in this study was used to describe the findings and the inferential statistics used to test the hypotheses and draw conclusions from the quantitative statistics. For qualitative data, thematic analysis was used to analyse the original data obtained from the semi-structured interviews. To promote critical thinking skills, teachers must engage learners in higher-order thinking. Findings show that teachers do not always use classroom practices that encourage critical thinking. It was encouraging that the majority of teachers do allow group work in the CAT classroom, as group work is an important facet in computational thinking and problem solving. The study culminates in a computational thinking and problem-solving toolkit developed by the researcher. This toolkit is intended primarily for facilitators (such as CAT subject advisors or CAT mentor teachers) to enable them to conduct workshops for fellow CAT teachers. By using this toolkit, teachers will gain an understanding of what computational thinking skills and problem-solving skills are and how to develop these skills in Grades 10 – 12 CAT learners.
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Santomà, Vicens Ricard. "Aspectos de la gestión en la calidad de servicio. Una aplicación del concept mapping al caso de las cadenas hoteleras en España." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9316.
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La indústria hotelera es presenta avui com un dels subsectors més destacats del sector turístic i del sector econòmic espanyol. El seu impacte tant a l'economia com al seu entorn d'actuació és molt destacable i estratègic pel desenvolupament del país i la seva zona d'influència. Durant els últims anys, el sector basa la seva estratègia en un alt desenvolupament de la oferta. Durant aquesta mateixa etapa, la demanda ha experimentat una sèrie de canvis i disminucions ocasionats per la revolució de les tecnologies de la informació i la comunicació, l'aparició de nous segments i l'augment de l'exigència de la relació qualitat-preu, fet al que el sector hoteler no ha sabut adaptar-se.
Fins a la data, tot i que la qualitat ha estat un element valorat pel sector, no s'han aconseguit grans avenços en el que respecta a la implantació d'aquesta filosofia. El sector públic espanyol aposta per a la seva implantació mitjançant el desenvolupament de normes de qualitat; el sector privat, paral·lelament, desenvolupa segells i marques turístiques per a destacar la qualitat dels establiments acollits. Tot i aquestes actuacions, la implantació no ha estat tant elevada com ho ha estat a d'altres sectors , fet que ha portat a plantejar si els plans desenvolupats són realment els més adequats pel sector.
Per respondre a la problemàtica descrita i després d'una revisió de la bibliografia relacionada amb la qualitat, qualitat de servei i qualitat de servei aplicat a la hotelera, es planteja el propòsit del treball que és la determinació i priorització de quins són els aspectes de gestió que portaran a una cadena hotelera a millorar la seva qualitat de servei. Per a dur a terme el treball, s'han considerat les opinions d'un grup d'experts directius hotelers i els resultats d'una enquesta que s'ha realitzat a les cadenes hoteleres a Espanya.
La metodologia d'anàlisi és doble, per a una banda s'ha aplicat la tècnica del concept mapping a les opinions d'un grup d'experts directius hotelers, fet que , després de l'aplicació del multidimensional scaling i un anàlisi clúster, ha suposat la determinació de 84 aspectes de gestió agrupats en set clústers que reflecteixen set àmbits de gestió a considerar per les cadenes hoteleres, que són: Gestió dels Recursos Humans, Gestió de màrqueting estratègic, Gestió de la informació de clients, Gestió interna de la cadena hotelera, Gestió interna de la qualitat, Gestió estratègica de la cadena hotelera i Gestió estratègica de la qualitat.
Per d'altra banda s'ha utilitzat un procés de raonament qualitatiu, fonamentat en les ordres de magnitud, amb el propòsit de determinar quins són els aspectes prioritaris entre els trobats a la fase anterior. Per a dur a terme el procés, s'han utilitzat els resultats obtinguts d'una enquesta que s'ha fet a les cadenes hoteleres a Espanya. Els resultats mostren una importància cap al pensament estratègic de la cadena hotelera tot i que no és veu un clúster que sigui més valorat que els altres.
La industria hotelera se presenta hoy como uno de los subsectores más destacados del sector turístico y del sector económico español. Su impacto tanto en la economía como en el entorno de actuación es muy destacable y estratégico para el desarrollo del país y su zona de influencia.
En los últimos años, el sector basa su estrategia en un desarrollo desmedido de la oferta. Durante esta misma etapa, la demanda ha experimentado una serie de cambios y disminuciones ocasionados por la revolución de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, la aparición de nuevos segmentos y el aumento de la exigencia de la relación calidad-precio, hecho al que el sector hotelero no ha sabido adaptarse.
Hasta la fecha, aunque la calidad ha sido un elemento valorado por el sector, no se han conseguido grandes avances en lo que respecta a la implantación de esa filosofía. El sector público español apuesta por su implantación mediante el desarrollo de normas de calidad; el sector privado, paralelamente, desarrolla sellos y marcas turísticas para destacar la calidad de los establecimientos acogidos. Pese a todas estas actuaciones, la implantación no es tan elevada como ha sido en otros sectores, lo que ha llevando a plantearse si los planes desarrollados son realmente los más adecuados para el sector.
Para responder a la problemática descrita y tras una revisión de la bibliografía relacionada con la calidad, calidad de servicio y calidad de servicio aplicada a la hotelería, se plantea el propósito de este trabajo que es la determinación y priorización de cuáles son los aspectos de gestión que llevarán a una cadena hotelera a mejorar su calidad de servicio. Para desarrollar el trabajo, se han considerado las opiniones de un grupo de expertos directivos hoteleros y los resultados de una encuesta que se ha realizado a las cadenas hoteleras en España.
La metodología de análisis utilizada es doble, por un lado se ha aplicado la técnica del concept mapping a las opiniones de un grupo de expertos directivos hoteleros, hecho que, tras la aplicación un multidimensional scaling y un análisis clúster, ha supuesto la determinación de 84 aspectos de gestión agrupados en siete clústeres que reflejan siete ámbitos de gestión a considerar por las cadenas hoteleras, que son: Gestión de los Recursos Humanos, Gestión de marketing estratégico, Gestión de la información de clientes, Gestión interna de la cadena hotelera, Gestión interna de la calidad, Gestión estratégica de la cadena hotelera y Gestión estratégica de la calidad.
Por otro lado se ha utilizado un procedimiento de razonamiento cualitativo, basado en las órdenes de magnitud, con el propósito de determinar cuáles son los aspectos prioritarios de entre los expuestos en la fase anterior. Para llevar a cabo el procedimiento se ha utilizado los resultados obtenidos de una encuesta realizada a las cadenas hoteleras en España. Los resultados muestran una importancia hacia el pensamiento estratégico de la cadena hotelera pero sin que haya un clúster más importante que los demás.
The hotel industry is presented today as one of the most important sub-sectors of the Spanish tourism industry and economic sector. Its impact on both the economy as well as the environment is significant and also strategic for the country's development and its area of influence.
In recent years, the industry has based its strategy on an excessive development of market supply. There have been a number of changes and down turns in demand during this period, caused by the ITC revolution, the emergence of new segments and an increasing demand for value for money, to which the hotel industry has failed to adapt.
To date, and although quality has been an element valued by the industry, not much progress has been achieved with regard to the implementation of that philosophy. The Spanish public sector has decided on its implementation through developing quality standards; the private sector, in parallel, has developed seals of quality and tourism brands to enhance the quality of establishments. In spite of all these measures, implementation is not as high as it has been in other sectors, which has led experts to consider whether the plans developed are in fact suited to the sector.
To respond to the above-described problem - and following a review of the literature related to quality, service quality and service quality applied to the hotel industry - this paper puts forward the identification and prioritisation of those management aspects which lead a hotel chain to improve its service quality. In developing the paper, we have considered the views of a group of expert hotel managers and the results of a survey carried out among hotel chains in Spain.
The analytical methodology used is twofold: on the one hand the concept mapping technique has been applied to the views of a group of expert hotel managers, which, after applying a multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis, led to the identification of 84 management aspects grouped into seven clusters reflecting seven management areas to be considered by hotel chains. These are: Human Resource Management, Strategic Marketing Management, Client Information Management, Internal Hotel Chain Management, Internal Quality Management, Strategic Hotel Chain Management and Strategic Quality Management.
On the other hand, a qualitative reasoning procedure based on the orders of magnitude has been used with the aim of identifying the priority areas of the findings for the previous phase. The results of a survey on hotel chains in Spain have been used to carry out the procedure. These results reveal an import shift towards strategic thinking among hotel chains but without there being one cluster that is more significant than the rest.
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Petrova, Iliana Mineva. "OPTIMIZATION OF NONSTANDARD REASONING SERVICES." Tesi di dottorato, 2017. http://www.fedoa.unina.it/11873/1/tesi-petrova.pdf.
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The increasing adoption of semantic technologies and the corresponding increasing complexity of application requirements are motivating extensions to the standard reasoning paradigms and services supported by such technologies. This thesis focuses on two of such extensions: nonmonotonic reasoning and inference-proof access control.
Expressing knowledge via general rules that admit exceptions is an approach that has been commonly adopted for centuries in areas such as law and science, and more recently in object-oriented programming and computer security. The experiences in developing complex biomedical knowledge bases reported in the literature show that a direct support to defeasible properties and exceptions would be of great help.
On the other hand, there is ample evidence of the need for knowledge confidentiality measures. Ontology languages and Linked Open Data are increasingly being used to encode the private knowledge of companies and public organizations. Semantic Web techniques facilitate merging different sources of knowledge and extract implicit information, thereby putting at risk security and the privacy of individuals. But the same reasoning capabilities can be exploited to protect the confidentiality of knowledge.
Both nonmonotonic inference and secure knowledge base access rely on nonstandard reasoning procedures. The design and realization of these algorithms in a scalable way (appropriate to the ever-increasing size of ontologies and knowledge bases) is carried out by means of a diversified range of optimization techniques such as appropriate module extraction and incremental reasoning. Extensive experimental evaluation shows the efficiency of the developed optimization techniques: (i) for the first time performance compatible with real-time reasoning is obtained for large nonmonotonic ontologies, while (ii) the secure ontology access control proves to be already compatible with practical use in the e-health application scenario.
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kuo, wen jay, and 郭文傑. "Reasoning of Ontology-Based Context Awareness Services." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34130153409559043220.
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碩士輔仁大學
資訊管理學系
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Following with the development and popularization of mobile devices and wireless communications, people can “anyone, anydevice, anytime and anywhere” catch information and services. A challenge is that the requirement of users for services is very dynamic and uncertain. “Context-Awareness” may be a solution for this problem. Context-Awareness techniques use sensors (for example, GPS, RFID, Camera, Monitor) to capture user context information and further understand context, and the system makes use of context it captures to provide appropriate services to users. This research attempts to find a well-defined context model. This context model can describe correlation of people and environment. Therefore, it uses ontology to describe the context. OWL (Web Ontology Language) is an ontology language that is supported by XML, RDF, and RDF Schema by providing additionitional vocabularies along with the formal Semantics. In this research, OWL is used to be the ontology language. The reasoning engine of Context-Awareness must consider the dynamics of context. Therefore, this research surveys the reasoning engines in related references of some expert systems, and uses case-based reasoning (CBR) to solve the problem. Using CBR for reasoning of Context-Awareness has two advantages: (1) CBR supports reasoning in various context, (2) CBR can self-adjust itself following with cases’ usage times to increase its precision of reasoning. This research compares results with location-based Context-Awareness systems. Results of experiments show that the reasoning engine of this research is better than those of location-based Context-Awareness systems.
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Chiu-Ming, Lung. "Approximate Matching of Web Services with Description Logic Reasoning." 2005. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2206200517412500.
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Lung, Chiu-Ming, and 龍秋明. "Approximate Matching of Web Services with Description Logic Reasoning." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09729760246206817914.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
資訊管理學研究所
93
Heterogeneous Internet applications can be easily integrated when they are exported as Web Services, which use XML-based standards for service description and communication. It becomes possible to provide more sophisticated compound services by combining simpler services. This entails, among other things, the need of precise semantic description of service demands and supplies and an associated matching mechanism. Technologies under development in the Semantic Web, in particular ontology and rule definition languages, appear to meet the need perfectly. However, as exact matches may be difficult to find and often unnecessary, the matching mechanism ideally should allow certain degree of fuzziness. In this thesis, we propose an approximate matching scheme that fully exploits the expressiveness of Semantic Web''s ontology definition language OWL, which is based on Description Logic, and the inference ability that comes with the logic. To demonstrate the applicability of our scheme, we develop a prototype service matchmaker for the Trip Planner, which is a service composer for the tourism industry developed on Protege.
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Yeh, Chia-Chuan, and 葉家銓. "Interactive and Intelligent Case Based Reasoning for Cloud Services Recommendation." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92322684874268154707.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中華大學
資訊管理學系碩士班
99
Selecting a cloud computing software is a matter of structural issue. For the majority of the people, the priority factor in selecting this software is based on whether or not it is free; only after that does the consideration for the need of evaluating current search engine of cloud service software come into play. The majority of users will also base their judgments on the cloud computing service software through viewing the experiences from their co-workers and friends, for example: does it require money, what other additional functions are present, etc. Finally, then the decision for whether or not they want to acquire the cloud service software is made. Therefore, whether or not choosing the cloud service software is the best option is still open for debate, and for now it is difficult to know whether this cloud service software is a good recommendation based on the issues and solutions revolving around the structural problems it poses. The research lab proposed something called the Interactive Cloud Services Recommendation, also known as iCSR, it is an algorithm of deduction through an studying of many cases. The function of iCSR lies in its inferential algorithm gathered from the users’ input queries, which is then calculated and deduced based on similarly categorized target conditions. It then uses the same way of calculation to compute a certain case in the folder or file of cases stored. And finally, a case is selected based on the highest amount of similar traits with what was calculated before and given to the user. In order to select a cloud service software that more closely resembles the user, users can use iCSR as a way of vice-versa systematic interaction. When iCSR recommends to the user a case, the user can pick out several more likable cases, and request a further filtered batch of recommendations. At this time, the previous cases that were generated will also be analyzed and the result of this analysis will be available for the next query.
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Hsu, Jen-Han, and 許仁瀚. "Integrating Analytic Hierarchy Process and Case-Based Reasoning to Provide Common Services." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41942725669552508226.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
電機工程研究所
100
To provide a more suitable common service to every participant in smart home, a Common Service Provider System (CSPS) is developed. In this thesis, if a service is shared by all participants in an environment of multiple participants, this kind of services is regarded as a common service. Integrating Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Case-Based Reasoning (CBR), the process of CSPS consists of three stages, the first stage to reach a consensus, the second stage to streamline the attributes and the third stage to determine a service. CSPS can completely capture the users' needs, learn user preferences continually, reduce the burden of user operations, and provide common services more appropriate. There are three contributions in this thesis. The first contribution is that this thesis proposes a way to better capture the attributes in case design and reduce computation in CBR. The second contribution is that using the AHP to calculate the weight of the negotiation issues can produce better results in negotiation, and this result can provide appropriate services in future use. The third contribution is that combination of CBR with the comparison value learning can reduce the needs in requiring the user to input a lot of information.