Relevant bibliographies by topics / Reasoning – early works to 1800

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Reasoning – early works to 1800'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 July 2024
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Reasoning – early works to 1800"

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Abdul Malik, Mohd Puaad, Faisal @. Ahmad Faisal Abdul Hamid, and Rahimin Affandi Abdul Rahim. "Analyse Malay Fiqh Works Writing 1600-1800." Al-Muqaddimah: Online journal of Islamic History and Civilization 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/muqaddimah.vol6no2.6.

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In essence, this article will focus on the subject classical Malay fiqh works 1600-1800. Classical Malay fiqh works are Malay intellectual works produced by Malay Muslim scholars in various topics of Islamic law including worship (ibadah), commercial transaction law (muamalah), family law (munakahat) and others. This fiqh Malay work played an important role in Malay society at the beginning of Islamic development in the Malay world. It is a means of communication, scientific knowledge or developmental science. The premise of this article analyzes the writing of fiqh works that developed in the early days of the great intellectual nature of the Malay world. There are features of fiqh writing in the year 1600 and it is different from the features of fiqh writing in 1700 and 1800. The discussion of this writing includes the difference between the writing text and the style of writing fiqh and being reviewed from various scopes, items and writing features. The method of analysis used is the method of historiography or historicalism which examines the development of an idea. Facts obtained will be thoroughly screened using the Malay induction history approach. Research shows that the earliest classic Malay fiqh writing has its own identity and superiority and is a Malay intellectual work.
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Špelda, Daniel. "Kepler in the Early Historiography of Astronomy (1615–1800)." Journal for the History of Astronomy 48, no. 4 (November 2017): 381–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021828617740948.

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This article discusses the reception of Kepler’s work in the earliest interpretations of the history of astronomy, which appeared in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The focus is not on the reception of Kepler’s work among astronomers themselves but instead on its significance for the history of science as seen by early historians of mathematics and astronomy. The first section discusses the evaluation of Kepler in the so-called “Prefatory Histories” of astronomy that appeared in various astronomical works during the seventeenth century. In these, Kepler was considered mainly to be the person who brought the work of Tycho Brahe to completion, rather than an original astronomer. The second section is devoted to the evaluation of Kepler in interpretations of the history of astronomy that appeared in the eighteenth century (often as part of the history of mathematics). In these works, Kepler is regarded as a genius who deserves tremendous credit for the advancement of the human spirit. Both sections also devote attention to Copernicus and Tycho Brahe because this facilitates the explanation of how Kepler’s contribution was judged. By studying the reception of Johannes Kepler’s work, we may gain greater insight into the transition from a cyclical perception of the history of science to the progressive model.
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RUDWICK, MARTIN J. S. "ON ‘RE-TREADING’ EARLY GEOLOGICAL FIELDWORK." Earth Sciences History 41, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-41.1.37.

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ABSTRACT The method of ‘re-treading’ the fieldwork of past geologists is analogous to the method of ‘re-staging’ historically significant laboratory experiments. Neither provides any short cut to scientific or historical truth, nor grounds for celebrating or condemning the work of past scientists. Yet both can yield valuable insights into those scientists’ on-the-spot thinking, their reasoning and their eventual presentation of their conclusions. As a historical research method, the ‘re-treading’ of fieldwork has been relatively neglected, although it has many parallels with more traditional methods centred on the analysis of texts and their accompanying images. This paper summarises a few examples of ‘re-treading’, drawn from the author’s published research on fieldwork by European geologists in the decades around 1800; but the methods described here can be, and deserve to be, adopted much more widely.
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Bowers, Katherine. "Ghost Writers: Radcliffiana and the Russian Gothic Wave." Victorian Popular Fictions Journal 3, no. 2 (December 17, 2021): 152–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46911/tvct9530.

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Ann Radcliffe’s novels were extremely popular in early nineteenth-century Russia. Publication of her work in Russian translation propelled the so-called gothic wave of 1800-10. Yet, many of the works Radcliffe was known for in Russia were not written by her; rather, they were works by others that were attributed to Radcliffe. This article traces the publication and translation histories of Radcliffiana on the Russian book market of 1800-20. Building on JoEllen DeLucia’s concept of a “corporate Radcliffe” in the anglophone world, this article proposes a Russian corporate Radcliffe. Identifying, classifying, and analysing the provenance of Russian corporate Radcliffe works reveals insight into the transnational circulation of texts and the role of copyright law within it, the nature of the early nineteenth-century Russian book market, the rise of popular reading and advertising in Russia, and the gendered nature of critical discourse at this time. The Russian corporate Radcliffe assures the legacy and influence of Radcliffe in later Russian literature and culture, although a Radcliffe that represents much more than just the English author. Exploring the Russian corporate Radcliffe expands our understanding of early nineteenth-century Russian literary history through specific case studies that demonstrate the significant role played by both women writers and translation, an aspect of this history that is often overlooked.
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Ståhle Sjönell, Barbro. "Det tidiga 1800-talets svenska novellistik." Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap 43, no. 2 (January 1, 2013): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54797/tfl.v43i2.10840.

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Swedish Short Stories in the Early 19th Century. Publication and Subgenres The present study of Swedish short stories published between the years 1810 and 1829 illustrates that authors representing the Romantic Movement made special efforts to put the short story on the market. At V. F. Palmblad’s publishing house, German contemporary short stories were translated and distributed, later followed by Swedish contributions to the genre, which appeared primarily in literary magazines. Only a small number of short stories were published over the course of these 19 years, and the means of publication varied. Out of 45 works found in the catalogues of the National Library of Sweden, 27 are published separately, while 14 are published in periodicals or newspapers and two in anthologies (one of which is a frame story and the other a modern collection). Authors connected to the Romantic school introduced two new varieties of short story: the exotic story and the fantastic story. The pre-existing subgenres included, for instance: adventures, satirical or comic stories, stories of family life, travel stories and historical short stories. Among these, the historical story was the only subgenre to be printed separately. Characteristic for the short story is its ability to be inserted into many different kinds of publications. Another result of the study is the discovery of the ease with which a short story may be transferred from one form of publication to another. For instance, the short story may originate as part of a novel, only to turn into a separate work in its own right. Alternatively, it may develop as a serial story in a newspaper and go on to be printed separately, and later appear in a publishing house series or in a volume of selected works. This adaptive, or transferable, quality should be included in the ongoing discussion pertaining to the definition of the short story.
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Vogler, Nikolai, Kartik Goyal, Kishore PV Reddy, Elizaveta Pertseva, Samuel V. Lemley, Christopher N. Warren, Max G'Sell, and Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick. "Contrastive Attention Networks for Attribution of Early Modern Print." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 4 (June 26, 2023): 5285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i4.25659.

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In this paper, we develop machine learning techniques to identify unknown printers in early modern (c.~1500--1800) English printed books. Specifically, we focus on matching uniquely damaged character type-imprints in anonymously printed books to works with known printers in order to provide evidence of their origins. Until now, this work has been limited to manual investigations by analytical bibliographers. We present a Contrastive Attention-based Metric Learning approach to identify similar damage across character image pairs, which is sensitive to very subtle differences in glyph shapes, yet robust to various confounding sources of noise associated with digitized historical books. To overcome the scarce amount of supervised data, we design a random data synthesis procedure that aims to simulate bends, fractures, and inking variations induced by the early printing process. Our method successfully improves downstream damaged type-imprint matching among printed works from this period, as validated by in-domain human experts. The results of our approach on two important philosophical works from the Early Modern period demonstrate potential to extend the extant historical research about the origins and content of these books.
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SAMPSON, MARGARET. "‘THE WOE THAT WAS IN MARRIAGE’: SOME RECENT WORKS ON THE HISTORY OF WOMEN, MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND AND EUROPE." Historical Journal 40, no. 3 (September 1997): 811–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x97007437.

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Marriage and the English Reformation. By Eric Josef Carlson. Oxford: Blackwell, 1994. Pp. ix+276. ISBN 0-631-16864-8. £45.00Gender, sex and subordination in England, 1550–1800. By Anthony Fletcher. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1995. Pp. xxii+442. ISBN 0-300-06531-0. £19.95.Domestic dangers: women, words, and sex in early modern London. By Laura Gowing. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996. Pp. 301. ISBN 0-19-820517-1. £35.00.The prospect before her: a history of women in western Europe, Volume one, 1500–1800. By Olwen Hufton. London: HarperCollins, 1995. Pp. xiv+654. ISBN 0-00255120-9. £25.00.Sex and subjection: attitudes to women in early modern society. By Margaret R. Sommerville. London: Edward Arnold, 1995. Pp. 287. ISBN 0-340-64574-1. £14.99.
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King, Martina. "Gesteinsschichten, Tasthaare, Damenmoden: Epistemologie des Vergleichens zwischen Natur und Kultur – um und nach 1800." Internationales Archiv für Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur 45, no. 2 (November 9, 2020): 246–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iasl-2020-0014.

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AbstractThis paper investigates comparison as a fundamental practice within the early life sciences. Four episodes are selected that show how comparing species works in the early 19th century and how it builds bridges between scientific and literary culture: comparing living organisms in pre-Darwinian natural history (Lacépède, Treviranus), comparing species distribution in actualistic geology (Lyell), comparing organs in comparative anatomy (Müller), and – last but not least – comparing social classes in new literary genres such as sketch, ‘Paris physiology’, or travel feuilleton.
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Oostindie, Gert, and Jessica Vance Roitman. "Repositioning the Dutch in the Atlantic, 1680–1800." Itinerario 36, no. 2 (August 2012): 129–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115312000605.

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After some decades of historical debate about the early modern Atlantic, it has become a truism that the Atlantic may better be understood as a world of connections rather than as a collection of isolated national sub-empires. Likewise, it is commonly accepted that the study of this interconnected Atlantic world should be interdisciplinary, going beyond traditional economic and political history to include the study of the circulation of people and cultures. This view was espoused and expanded upon in the issue of Itinerario on the nature of Atlantic history published thirteen years ago—the same issue in which Pieter Emmer and Wim Klooster famously asserted that there was no Dutch Atlantic empire. Since this controversial article appeared, there has been a resurgence of interest among scholars about the role of the Dutch in the Atlantic. With Atlantic history continuing to occupy a prominent place in Anglo-American university history departments, it seems high time to appraise the output of this resurgence of interest with an historiographical essay reviewing the major works and trends in the study of the Dutch in the Atlantic.
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Jonckheere, Koenraad. "Aertsen, Rubens and the questye in early modern painting." Netherlands Yearbook for History of Art / Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek Online 68, no. 1 (August 5, 2019): 72–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22145966-06801004.

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In this paper, I argue that the early modern intellectual culture in Early Modern Europe was basically a ‘culture of quaestio’ in which the ‘question’ played a fundamental role as an educational tool, a intellectual method and - as a consequence - as a line of reasoning. Using Peter Paul Rubens’s Double portrait of Seneca and Nero and Pieter Aertsen’s Jesus in the House of Mary and Martha as prime examples, I’ll argue that certain works of art – with artistic ambition – were conceived as quaestiones disputatae rather than self-confirmatory narratives, fully in line with the intellectual/pedagogical principles of quaestiones in the early modern Low Countries.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Reasoning – early works to 1800"

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McNally, Louis K. "The Weather of 1785: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Meteorological Reconstruction Using Forensic Synoptic Analysis." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/McNallyLK2004.pdf.

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Préfontaine, Jennifer. "Secrets des femmes." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98575.

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The goal of this thesis is a critical edition of the Secrets des femmes, a text attributed to Arnold de Vilanova. In the exegetic tradition, this attribution has been widely argued. Our preliminary findings lead to the same conclusions. The text composed in French couldn't have been written by Vilanova, who would have composed it in Latin, the language of the "clerks", or in Catalan, his first language. Critical tradition shows that the Secrets des femmes is based on three manuscripts. But we have demonstrated that the Mazarine's manuscript is not at the base of this work, but rather of a text entitled Les Termes et secrets des femmes. For the critical edition, which is the objective of our study, there is no doubt that the Arsenal's text is the basic manuscript, while the Vatican's manuscript is the Arsenal's metalanguage.
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Labriola, Daniele. "On Plato's conception of philosophy in the Republic and certain post-Republic dialogues." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4497.

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This dissertation is generally concerned with Plato's conception of philosophy, as the conception is ascertainable from the Republic and certain ‘post-Republic' dialogues. It argues that philosophy, according to Plato, is multi-disciplinary; that ‘philosophy' does not mark off just one art or science; that there are various philosophers corresponding to various philosophical sciences, all of which come together under a common aim: betterment of self through intellectual activity. A major part of this dissertation is concerned with Plato's science par excellence, ‘the science of dialectic' (he epistêmê dialektikê). The science of dialectic is distinguished in Plato by being concerned with Forms or Kinds as such; the science of dialectic, alone amongst the philosophical sciences, fully understands what it means for Form X to be a Form. I track the science of dialectic, from its showcase in Republic VI and VII, and analyze its place in relation to the other philosophical sciences in certain post-Republic dialogues. Ultimately, I show that, whilst it is not the only science constituting philosophy, Plato's science of dialectic represents the intellectual zenith obtainable by man; the expert of this science is the topmost philosopher. In this dissertation I also argue that Socrates, as variously depicted in these dialogues, always falls short of being identified as the philosopher par excellence, as that expert with positive knowledge of Forms as such. Yet I also show that, far from being in conflict, the elenctic Socrates and the philosopher par excellence form a complementary relationship: the elenctic philosopher gets pupils to think about certain things in the right way prior to sending them off to work with the philosopher par excellence.
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蔡瑞珩. "《鍼經指南》之鍼刺手法研究." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/132.

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《鍼經指南》為元代竇默，字漢卿，所著。其所記載的鍼刺手法上承《黃帝內經》、《難經》，下啟《金鍼賦》、《玉龍歌》、《鍼灸大成》等，為鍼刺手法發展史上里程碑，亦是後世各種複式手法發展的啟蒙。 本文通過對《鍼經指南》相關鍼刺手法的篇章進行整理，從＂呼吸補瀉＂、＂燃轉補瀉＂、＂提插補瀉＂、＂迎隨補瀉＂、＂寒熱補瀉＂，及＂手指補瀉十四法＂等方面展開分析，分別探討《鍼經指南》的學術淵源和《鍼經指南》對元明時期鍼刺手法發展的影響。最後將相關醫家觀點與《鍼經指南》中鍼刺手法理論進行對比分析，討論其異同點。 通過資料整理，學術思想的對比分析，筆者總結《鍼經指南》對鍼刺手法理論主要貢獻是：1.提出調息治神法﹔ 2.熱補涼瀉復合補瀉手法﹔ 3.＂提鍼豆許＂手法技巧﹔ 4.＂瀉南補北＂迎隨補瀉理論。元代與明代主要鍼灸醫家的手法技巧和鍼刺理論均從《鍼經指南》的內容中發展與推衍出來。 根據研究結果顯示，鍼刺手法自《鍼經指南》后空前發展。鍼刺補瀉理論體系更加完善，手法操作更加繁複。符合由簡而繁的事物發展規律。此外，後世醫家在臨床實踐中將《鍼經指南》的鍼刺手法理論與當代文化思想結合并產生新的鍼刺手法及鍼刺理論，從另一方面體現了理論與實踐相結合的哲學思想。 關鍵詞：誠刺手法﹔《鍼經指南》﹔竇漢卿
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Kotarcic, Ana. "Aristotle's concept of lexis : a theory of language and style." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7754.

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Aristotle's concept of lexis has been discussed by numerous scholars, yet no comprehensive account of lexis has been produced so far. To fill this gap in scholarship, this thesis offers a systematic analysis of Aristotle's concept of lexis by dividing it into three levels, which allow a step-by-step approach to understanding this multi-layered concept. By considering Plato's and Isocrates' thoughts on lexis, Chapter 1 outlines the intellectual context in which Aristotle's ideas on the concept of lexis developed. Chapters 2-5 focus on the three levels of lexis and Chapter 6 brings a concluding discussion of metaphor. In Chapter 2 the linguistic elements treated under the notion of lexis and Aristotle's theory of language are delineated. These not only present Aristotle's thoughts on language as an abstract system, but they also form the most fundamental level upon which the remainder of Aristotle's thoughts on the concept of lexis are based. Chapter 3 explores Aristotle's remarks regarding individuals' use of linguistic elements as determined by sociolinguistic factors. Aristotle's occasional statements about language usage within the concept of lexis provide valuable pieces of evidence for studies in sociolinguistics and for his ideas on lexis on its third level as discussed in Chapters 4 and 5. In Chapter 4 the intra-textual aspect of Aristotle's remarks on lexis as a means for the creation of different kinds of poetry and rhetoric, i.e. lexis as technē, is examined. In Chapter 5 extra-textual factors are considered and are followed by a discussion of the purpose and function of lexis on its third level. Chapter 6 concludes the discussion of lexis by focusing on metaphor, the linguistic and stylistic element par excellence treated under the notion of lexis, which further highlights the benefits of a three-level approach to Aristotle's concept of lexis.
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Littlehailes, Lucy Elizabeth. "Vital heat, conception and development in Aristotle." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a8e96b05-0ff7-4791-a65a-6135be68df57.

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In this account of the pan that heat plays in the conception and development of living substances according to Aristotle, I begin by examining the concept of heat. I discover that Aristotle uses a distinction between to thermon and thermotes: the former is, in living substances, material; the latter is never material, being the powerful aspect of heat. For example, an animal possesses heat (to thermon) which maintains it through its power (thermotes) to concoct. I then turn to the biological works. Conception, it seems, does not fit the standard account of change, but is rather a concoction, performed by the heat of the semen. Nor is the usual account of conception ascribed to Aristotle adequate: I attempt to demonstrate that he held a more moderate account in which pneuma, the nature of which is to thermon, is transmitted to the embryo. I then examine the development of the embryo, which is performed using to thermon as a tool. The transmission and development of the rational psuche in particular has often caused problems: I offer an account of the transmission of psuche from parent to embryo, and describe the part that pneuma plays in this transmission and in the development and operation of the various levels of psuche. Development extends from foetal development until adulthood, and this poses another problem for the standard account of change as it appears to be neither substantial nor accidental change, yet these are apparently exhaustive possibilities. I conclude that development, like conception, is a concoction performed by the vital heat. Finally, I turn to the conception and development of spontaneously generated animals, and of abnormal animals such as monsters. I demonstrate the relationship between these generations and sexual generation, and the significance of heat and pneuma.
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周瑩. "古代飲茶致病的文獻探究." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/127.

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中國茶文化源遠流長，茶作為一種日常飲品，與咖啡、可可並稱為世界三大無酒精飲料。近年來，隨著人們生活水平的日益提高，茶葉的保健功效越來越受到社會的重視。據各文獻史料記載，我國飲用茶葉已有千年曆史，記載有關茶葉的文獻古籍繁多。而一直以來，茶葉與“健康”一詞密不可分，古人經過歸納前人的記述總結出了茶葉的二十四功效，如清熱、消食、醒酒、去疾等，並對茶有著極高的評價，然而很少人注意到通過飲茶所達到的有利功效需要建立在適度飲茶，科學飲茶的前提下，盲目品飲只會起到相反效果。與此同時，隨著醫學經驗、藥學知識的日益豐富，不當飲茶所帶來的一些副作用同樣也引起了古代醫學家與茶人的重視，人們開始不僅只是單純的追求茶葉的口感，更多的是開始關注飲茶對身體的影響及飲茶時的身心體驗，通過自己多年的親身感悟，長期與他人的經驗分享，總結歸納出了飲茶的利弊，教導後人飲茶需有度，因人而飲。 本文擬在分析我國古代文獻中飲茶不當導致的疾病，尋找飲用單一味茶葉對人體所產生的不良反應，其中不包括複方茶及非茶之“茶”，通過歸納、整理，探究古代不當飲茶所造成的對人體的危害疾病，提出適度飲茶，健康飲茶，科學飲茶的觀念，為今後的茶學及醫學研究不當飲茶致病因素提供古代文獻線索依據。 關鍵字：過度飲茶，過派飲茶，飲茶致病
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Harrop, Patrick H. "Inseminate architecture : an archontological reading of Athanasius Kircher's Turris Babel." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56976.

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Among the vast assembly of Biblical mythology, the tower of Babel stands as an exclusive representation of the limits of human endeavor. As a paradigmatic extremity, it circumscribes the field of civic artifice. Babel is the absolute limit, and in that regard, its presence is enduring and timeless. The legacy of exegetic readings are textual shades, emanating from the point source of the paradigm. Athanasius Kircher's Turris Babel is an appropriate and intentional unfolding of this condition.
Firstly, that in the awakening of the Baroque scholar to history, origin materializes as the sole legitimate chronological reference.
Secondly, that the paradigmatic extremities collapse into the empirical standard of the theoretical discourse.
This thesis is a speculative study of architecture, drawn through Turris Babel, in the shadow of the paradigmatic limits of Babel. Written in three parts, each dealing with the implications of artifice in confrontation with the post-Babel adversaries of dispersion, tyranny, and decay.
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朱加正 and Ka-ching Chu. "Reflections of the development and philosophy of Mathematics originating in a comparative study of Liu Hui's redaction of 'JiuZhang Suan Shu' and Euclid's 'Elements'." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31211380.

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Letts, Melinda. "Questioning the patient, questioning Hippocrates : Rufus of Ephesus and the limits of medical authority." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:917c8cac-6fb4-4217-95df-8e3f9db8692f.

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Rufus of Ephesus's 'Quaestiones Medicinales' is an under-studied work by one of the most respected doctors of Greco-Roman antiquity. This thesis presents a new translation - the first in English of the complete work - and a reassessment of the treatise. I propose that, far from being a simple handbook teaching doctors how to take a patient history, as has hitherto been assumed, QM is an ardent plea for doctors to recognise the limits of their own knowledge and the indispensability of questioning the patient. I argue that QM articulates the idea that the aim of medicine cannot be achieved through medical knowledge alone, and that, in constructing the patient as an essential partner in diagnosis and decisions about treatment, Rufus implies a sharing of authority between doctor and patient that is noticeably different from the emphasis that other authors, particularly the determinedly hierarchical Galen, place on securing patients' obedience, a subject on which Rufus is noticeably silent. I argue that Rufus is unusual in the clarity and candour with which he perceives and acknowledges the limits of medical knowledge, in his conceptualisation of questioning as a discursive rather than a formulaic activity, in his explicit insistence that it must be addressed directly to the patient, in his psychological concept of habits, and in his recommendation of questioning as a strategy for resolving the tension between universal theory and individual experience. I look at modern cross-cultural research into the factors that drive patient compliance, and note that chief among them is patients feeling they are partners in the treatment process. This raises the question whether and to what extent the features that drive compliance are diachronically as well as cross-culturally consistent, and whether Rufus's shared authority model is more likely to have produced successful treatment outcomes than the autocratic paradigm promoted by Galen, and subsequently absorbed into Western medical tradition, that seems to have met with so much resistance.
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Books on the topic "Reasoning – early works to 1800"

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Karl, Bormann, and Senger Hans Gerhard, eds. Proclus Latinus: Die Exzerpte und Randnoten des Nikolaus von Kues zu den lateinischen Übersetzungen der Proclus-Schriften. Heidelberg: C. Winter, 1986.

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Porphyry. Commentario al "Parmenide" di Platone. Milano: Vita e pensiero, 1993.

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Brerewood, Edward. Elementa logicæ: In gratiam studiosæ juventutis in Academiâ Oxoniensi. Londini: Apud Ioannem Billium, 1985.

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Blo-bzaṅ-grags-pa, Tsoṅ-kha-pa. Ocean of reasoning: A great commentary on Nagarjuna's Mūlamadhyamakakārikā. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.

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Pascal, Blaise. Provincial letters, containing an exposure of the reasoning and morals of the Jesuits. [Whitefish, Mont.]: Kessinger, 2007.

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Christian, Wohlers, ed. Regulae ad directionem ingenii: Cogitationes privatae : Lateinisch-Deutsch. Hamburg: Meiner, 2011.

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Saint, Gregory of Nazianzus, ed. Faith gives fullness to reasoning: The five Theological orations of Gregory Nazianzen. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1990.

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Kant, Immanuel. Religion within the boundaries of mere reason and other writings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

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G, Steel Carlos, Macé Caroline, and Hoine Pieter d', eds. Procli In Platonis Parmenidem commentaria. Oxonii [Oxford, England]: E Typographeo Clarendoniano, 2007.

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Concetta, Luna, and Segonds A. Ph, eds. Commentaire sur le Parménide de Platon. Paris: Belles lettres, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Reasoning – early works to 1800"

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Prieto, Moisés. "Corrupt and Rapacious: Colonial Spanish-American Past Through the Eyes of Early Nineteenth-Century Contemporaries. A Contribution from the History of Emotions." In Palgrave Studies in Comparative Global History, 105–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0255-9_5.

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AbstractAround 1800, merchants, scientists and adventurers travelled to Latin America with different purposes. Their multifaceted interests in a world region, experiencing a threshold of independence from Spanish colonial rule, inspired new historical and political works about the continent’s recent past. The Enlightenment provided not only the philosophical armamentarium against corruption, but it also paved the way to a new expression of sentiments and to the loss of fear when addressing injustice. Some examples of these are Hipólito Villaroel’s list of grievances and Humboldt’s Political essay. These two authors provide some thoughts on the political landscape of New Spain (now Mexico), while the two Swiss physicians Rengger and Longchamp describe the ruthless and odd dictator Francia of independent Paraguay as a champion of anti-corruption. Finally, Argentine dictator Rosas—and his robberies as described by Rivera Indarte, Sarmiento and other anonymous authors—represent the embodiment of corruption through pure larceny, for whose crimes the Spanish colonial past apparently no longer served as a comparison.
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Neele, Thomas, Antti Valmari, and Tim A. C. Willemse. "The Inconsistent Labelling Problem of Stutter-Preserving Partial-Order Reduction." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 482–501. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45231-5_25.

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AbstractIn model checking, partial-order reduction (POR) is an effective technique to reduce the size of the state space. Stubborn sets are an established variant of POR and have seen many applications over the past 31 years. One of the early works on stubborn sets shows that a combination of several conditions on the reduction is sufficient to preserve stutter-trace equivalence, making stubborn sets suitable for model checking of linear-time properties. In this paper, we identify a flaw in the reasoning and show with a counter-example that stutter-trace equivalence is not necessarily preserved. We propose a solution together with an updated correctness proof. Furthermore, we analyse in which formalisms this problem may occur. The impact on practical implementations is limited, since they all compute a correct approximation of the theory.
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Hollerbach, Teresa. "Quantification in Galenic Medicine." In Sanctorius Sanctorius and the Origins of Health Measurement, 145–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30118-6_5.

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AbstractThe central theme of this chapter is to identify and explore various forms of quantification in the medical tradition, on which Sanctorius might possibly have drawn for his quantitative approach to physiology. First, I address theories and practices connected to dietetics and pharmacology as well as the Galenic concept of a latitude of health, which assumed a certain graduation of the state of health. Second, I reconsider the relation of Sanctorius’s work to two earlier authors who are commonly associated with Sanctorius and his static medicine: the Alexandrian physician Erasistratus (third century BCE) and the German cardinal and scholar Nicolaus Cusanus (1401–1464). Both were early proponents of quantitative approaches to medical problems. Third, I outline instances of quantitative physiological reasoning in Galen’s work as well as in the works of Renaissance scholars, and I analyze their possible connection to Sanctorius.
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O'Connor, Anne. "Ancient Dwellers of the Thames Valley." In Finding Time for the Old Stone Age. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199215478.003.0011.

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Stone-Age classifications of the nineteenth century are usually dismissed in a few sentences that refer briefly to Lubbock’s ‘Palaeolithic’ and ‘Neolithic’ divisions; the faunal chronology developed by the French palaeontologist, Édouard Lartet (1801–1871); and the famous industrial classification promoted by the French prehistorian, Gabriel de Mortillet. The reactions of other researchers to the stone tools of the British river drifts have been hidden under their shadow. But if the varied and detailed patterns that these researchers saw in the river-drift tools are painted back into the historical picture, a clearer perspective is gained of their response to Continental research and the reasoning behind more comprehensive classifications of the British Palaeolithic. Some of those who worked on the stone tools of Britain have already been introduced: Lubbock, Dawkins, Lyell, and James Geikie played geological roles in Chapter 2; Evans defended human antiquity in Chapter 1. All five published synthetic works on the British Palaeolithic. Lyell was one of the first to draw the new mass of information together in his book on the Antiquity of Man (1863), which sold well but did not impress all his peers. Lyell received several charges of plagiarism and Greenwell, the Durham archaeologist, confided to his friend: ‘We want Master Evans, a good book on the Antiquity of Man, there is quite sufficient matter now accumulated to admit of one. Lyell’s book is not satisfactory, there is too much of dubious evidence bought in, & with all humility I say, he is not master of the subject’. Other authors followed close on Lyell’s tail. In 1865, the first edition of Lubbock’s Pre-Historic Times, an account of past and present savages, could be purchased for fifteen shillings. Evans produced Ancient Stone Implements in 1872, a cautious, catalogue-like description of stone tools, full of careful engravings and priced at twenty-eight shillings. Dawkins presented his ideas about the Stone Age alongside now-familiar palaeontological arguments in Cave Hunting (1874) and Early Man in Britain (1880). Geikie’s glacial chronology had a central place in Prehistoric Europe (1881), the book that widened his rift with Dawkins.
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Ellis, Katharine. "1800-1846." In Interpreting the Musical Past, 3–41. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195176827.003.0001.

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Abstract The story of early music performance in nineteenth-century France has no clear beginning. Instead, it arises from eighteenth-century traditions that persisted despite changing ideologies brought by the Revolution, the Empire, the Restoration, and the July Monarchy. The new century saw a small number of works between 2 5 and 65 years old by Pergolesi, Durante, Jommelli, Rousseau, and Rameau (the latter heavily diluted)-survive the turmoil of the 1790s and achieve a place in the repertories of Paris’s leading musical institutions: the recently opened Conservatoire, the concerts spirituels, and the Opera.
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Brino, Omar. "Early Writings on Ethics." In The Oxford Handbook of Friedrich Schleiermacher, 417–33. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198846093.013.25.

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Abstract The short Monologen (1800) and the broad Grundlinien einer Kritik der bisherigen Sittenlehre (1803) argue for an ethical perspective based on mutually “formative” (bildende) interactions between individuals and communities as well as between peculiarity and universality. Whereas in the Monologen this perspective is presented in an “effusive” and “evocative” style, the Grundlinien develop it at a theoretically deeper level, detailing an impressive systematic confrontation with ancient, modern, and contemporaneous philosophers. The Vertraute Briefe über die Lucinde von Schlegel (1800) also consider conjugal love and the relationship of sexes from a “formative” ethical perspective. There are some differences between these early works and the later writings, both in an attenuation of the more “ideal” and “prophetic” aspects and in an accentuation of the “institutional” and “pragmatic” ones; however, the republications of the Monologen until 1829 and the systematic relationships between the Grundlinien and the late academic papers demonstrate a specific continuity on important basic principles of Schleiermacher’s “formative” ethical thought.
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‘Connor, Thomas O. "Religious Change, 1550–1800¹." In The Irish Book in English 1550-1800, 169–93. Oxford University PressOxford, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199247059.003.0010.

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Abstract The press was an integral part of the religious revival that swept through early modern Ireland but the different doctrinal, political, and pastoral priorities that separated the reforming agencies, Catholic and Protestant, ensured that the book functioned in confessionally distinctive ways. For reforming Catholics, the encounter with God took place primarily through the sacraments, administered, in Latin, by a trained priest.² Here the potential of the press lay in modernizing the inherited devotional system, largely by providing the clergy with catechetical and homeletical material and supplying the laity with works of piety. For reforming Protestants, on the other hand, God was encountered in the Scriptures, a fact that tied the success of their mission to the provision of the vernacular Bible and form of service.
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Maunder, Richard. "Music and Instruments, 1770-1800." In Keyboard Instruments in Eighteenth-Century Vienna, 99–129. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198166375.003.0007.

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Abstract THE first sign that times were beginning to change was an advertisement on 4 August 1770 by van Ghelen, publisher of the Wienerisches Diarium, for nearly a whole column’s worth of music imported from Paris. It included keyboard works by the London composers J. C. Bach and C. F. Abel, as well as ‘6 Airs Opera Comique’ by Mlle Bayon. The music by Bach and Abel was exclusively for ‘clavicembalo’ or ‘clavecin’, but a repeat advertisement for Bayou’s ‘Airs’ adds that they were ‘arranges pour le Biano forte ou le Clavecin’: this is apparently the first music advertised in Vienna that was intended for the new instrument. Van Ghelen continued for the next few years to advertise music published in Paris and elsewhere; the bookseller Kruchten quickly followed his lead, and by 1776 (possibly 1774) was advertising music from London publishers as well (see App. D). Much of this imported music named the piano as an alternative to the harpsichord, 1 the former instrument being well established in London, and probably also Paris, by the early 1770s.
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Hogg, James. "To Archibald Constable [Early 1806?]." In The Stirling/South Carolina Research Edition of The Collected Works of James Hogg: The Collected Letters of James Hogg, Vol. 1: 1800–1819, edited by Gillian Hughes. Edinburgh University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00173930.

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Goehr, Lydia. "Musical Production without the Work-Concept." In The Imaginary Museum Of Musical Works, 176–204. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195324785.003.0008.

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Abstract This chapter and the following one are devoted to contrasting early with modern musical practice—roughly before and after 1800—to show that the work-concept had regulative force in the latter but not in the former. The concept acquired this force as part and parcel of the emancipation of the musical world and the emergence of that world as one concerned with the production of fine art. Historical inquiry reveals that no force for this concept would have been visible or effective had the concept not been delimited, articulated, and specified from every conceivable point of interest. Such points of interest extended well beyond musical and aesthetic theory. They extended far into the depths of musical practice.
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Conference papers on the topic "Reasoning – early works to 1800"

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Li, Hai, Wei Wang, Qingzhao Li, Lei Fan, and Pu Huang. "Early Fault Warning of Spindle Based on the Adaptive Weighted Fuzzy Petri Net." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86042.

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The spindle system of machine tool produces a huge amounts of process data when it works. These data directly reflect the running state of spindle system but are seldom used to perform early fault warning. This paper proposes a novel early fault warning method adaptive weighted fuzzy Petri-net. Firstly, the long short-term memory (LSTM) is put forward to predict the time-series of future state for spindle system. Then, in order to design a reasoning framework for dynamic knowledge which can adapt to changes in the area of knowledge, an adaptive weighted fuzzy petri-net (AWFPN) is brought up to perform fault diagnosis. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of proposed method are verified by simulations and experiments. Results show that the proposed early fault warning method could effectively help to find potential fault information in the manufacturing process and provide the useful advice for maintenance.
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