Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rear-end collisions Prevention

Academic literature on the topic 'Rear-end collisions Prevention'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Rear-end collisions Prevention"

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Zhang, Wenhui, Tuo Liu, and Jing Yi. "Exploring the Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Causes of Rear-End Collisions on Urban Roadways." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 19, 2022): 11761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811761.

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Rear-end collisions are caused by drivers misjudging urgent risks while following vehicles ahead in most cases. However, compared with other accident types, rear-end collisions have higher preventability. This study aims to reveal the prone segments and hours of rear-end collisions. First, we extracted 1236 cases from traffic accident records in Harbin from 2015 to 2019. These accidents are classified as property damage accidents, injury accidents and fatal accidents according to the collision severity. Second, density analysis in GIS was used to demonstrate the spatial distribution of rear-end collisions. The collision spots considering the density and severity were visually displayed. We counted the hourly and seasonal distribution characteristics according to the statistical data. Finally, LightGBM and random forest classifier models were used to evaluate the substantial factors affecting accident severity. The results have potential practical value in rear-end collision warning and prevention.
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Minusa, Shunsuke, Kei Mizuno, Daichi Ojiro, Takeshi Tanaka, Hiroyuki Kuriyama, Emi Yamano, Hirohiko Kuratsune, and Yasuyoshi Watanabe. "Increase in rear-end collision risk by acute stress-induced fatigue in on-road truck driving." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 21, 2021): e0258892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258892.

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Increasing road crashes related to occupational drivers’ deteriorating health has become a social problem. To prevent road crashes, warnings and predictions of increased crash risk based on drivers’ conditions are important. However, in on-road driving, the relationship between drivers’ physiological condition and crash risk remains unclear due to difficulties in the simultaneous measurement of both. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between drivers’ physiological condition assessed by autonomic nerve function (ANF) and an indicator of rear-end collision risk in on-road driving. Data from 20 male truck drivers (mean ± SD, 49.0±8.2 years; range, 35–63 years) were analyzed. Over a period of approximately three months, drivers’ working behavior data, such as automotive sensor data, and their ANF data were collected during their working shift. Using the gradient boosting decision tree method, a rear-end collision risk index was developed based on the working behavior data, which enabled continuous risk quantification. Using the developed risk index and drivers’ ANF data, effects of their physiological condition on risk were analyzed employing a logistic quantile regression method, which provides wider information on the effects of the explanatory variables, after hierarchical model selection. Our results revealed that in on-road driving, activation of sympathetic nerve activity and inhibition of parasympathetic nerve activity increased each quantile of the rear-end collision risk index. The findings suggest that acute stress-induced drivers’ fatigue increases rear-end collision risk. Hence, in on-road driving, drivers’ physiological condition monitoring and ANF-based stress warning and relief system can contribute to promoting the prevention of rear-end truck collisions.
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Yan, Yu, Jing Huang, Fan Li, and Lin Hu. "Investigation of the Effect of Neck Muscle Active Force on Whiplash Injury of the Cervical Spine." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4542750.

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The objective of the present study is to investigate the influence of neck muscle activation on whiplash neck injury of the occupants of a passenger vehicle under different severities of frontal and rear-end impact collisions. The finite element (FE) model has been used as a versatile tool to simulate and understand the whiplash injury mechanism for occupant injury prevention. However, whiplash injuries and injury mechanisms have rarely been investigated in connection with neck active muscle forces, which restricts the complete reappearance and understanding of the injury mechanism. In this manuscript, a mixed FE human model in a sitting posture with an active head-neck was developed. The response of the cervical spine under frontal and rear-end collision conditions was then studied using the FE model with and without neck muscle activation. The effect of the neck muscle activation on the whiplash injury was studied based on the results of the FE simulations. The results indicated that the neck active force influenced the head-neck dynamic response and whiplash injury during a collision, especially in a low-speed collision.
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Yang, Xianfeng (Terry), Gang-Len Chang, Zhao Zhang, and Pengfei (Taylor) Li. "Smart Signal Control System for Accident Prevention and Arterial Speed Harmonization under Connected Vehicle Environment." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 5 (March 27, 2019): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119837242.

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The intent of this paper is to develop a system that can integrate connected vehicle (CV) data and traffic sensor information to concurrently address the need to improve urban arterial safety and mobility. Under the mixed traffic pattern of CVs and human-driven vehicles (HVs), the system aims to achieve three primary objectives: proactively preventing rear-end collision, reactively protecting side-street traffic from red-light-running vehicles, and effectively facilitating speed harmonization along local arterials. The embedded safety function will integrate CV and roadside sensor data to compute the distribution of dilemma zones for vehicles of different approaching speeds in real-time. Such data fusion will enable the proposed system to offer the advice of either “stop” or “go” to both CVs and HVs so as to prevent rear-end collisions and side-angled crashes. Given the locations and speeds of CVs, and the number of vehicles monitored by sensors, the proposed system can further compute the time-varying intersection queue length. Then the embedded mobility function will optimize the arterial signal plan in real-time and produce the speed advisory for approaching vehicles to facilitate their progression through intersections. Results from extensive simulation experiments confirm the effectiveness of the proposed system in both reducing potential intersection crash rates and improving arterial progression efficiency. The proposed control framework also proves the effectiveness of using dilemma zone protection sensors for traffic mobility improvement.
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Giummarra, Melita J., Ben Beck, and Belinda J. Gabbe. "Classification of road traffic injury collision characteristics using text mining analysis: Implications for road injury prevention." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): e0245636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245636.

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Road traffic injuries are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Understanding circumstances leading to road traffic injury is crucial to improve road safety, and implement countermeasures to reduce the incidence and severity of road trauma. We aimed to characterise crash characteristics of road traffic collisions in Victoria, Australia, and to examine the relationship between crash characteristics and fault attribution. Data were extracted from the Victorian State Trauma Registry for motor vehicle drivers, motorcyclists, pedal cyclists and pedestrians with a no-fault compensation claim, aged > = 16 years and injured 2010–2016. People with intentional injury, serious head injury, no compensation claim/missing injury event description or who died < = 12-months post-injury were excluded, resulting in a sample of 2,486. Text mining of the injury event using QDA Miner and Wordstat was used to classify crash circumstances for each road user group. Crashes in which no other was at fault included circumstances involving lost control or avoiding a hazard, mechanical failure or medical conditions. Collisions in which another was predominantly at fault occurred at intersections with another vehicle entering from an adjacent direction, and head-on collisions. Crashes with higher prevalence of unknown fault included multi-vehicle collisions, pedal cyclists injured in rear-end collisions, and pedestrians hit while crossing the road or navigating slow traffic areas. We discuss several methods to promote road safety and to reduce the incidence and severity of road traffic injuries. Our recommendations take into consideration the incidence and impact of road trauma for different types of road users, and include engineering and infrastructure controls through to interventions targeting or accommodating human behaviour.
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Bian, Chentong, Guodong Yin, Liwei Xu, and Ning Zhang. "REAR-END COLLISION ESCAPE ALGORITHM FOR INTELLIGENT VEHICLES SUPPORTED BY VEHICULAR COMMUNICATION." Transport 37, no. 6 (December 31, 2022): 398–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2022.18172.

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To reduce rear-end collision risks and improve traffic safety, a novel rear-end collision escape algorithm is proposed for intelligent vehicles supported by vehicular communication. Numerous research has been carried out on rear-end collision avoidance. Most of these studies focused on maintaining a safe front clearance of a vehicle while only few considered the vehicle’s rear clearance. However, an intelligent vehicle may be collided by a following vehicle due to wrong manoeuvres of an unskilled driver of the following vehicle. Hence, it is essential for an intelligent vehicle to maintain a safe rear clearance when there is potential for a rear-end collision caused by a following vehicle. In this study, a rear-end collision escape algorithm is proposed to prevent rear-end collisions by a following vehicle considering both straight and curved roads. A trajectory planning method is designed according to the motions of the considered intelligent vehicle and the corresponding adjacent vehicles. The successive linearization and the Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithms are used to design a motion controller in the proposed algorithm. Simulations were performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm is effective in preventing rear-end collisions caused by a following vehicle.
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Behbahani, Hamid, Navid Nadimi, Hooman Alenoori, and Mina Sayadi. "Developing a New Surrogate Safety Indicator Based on Motion Equations." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 26, no. 5 (October 31, 2014): 371–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v26i5.1388.

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Collision avoidance system (CAS), with the help of surrogate safety measures is a beneficial tool for reducing driver errors and preventing rear-end collisions. One of the most well-known surrogate safety measures to detect rear-end conflicts is Time-to-collision (TTC). TTC refers to the time remaining before the rear-end accident if the course and the speed of vehicles are maintained constant. Different surrogate measures have been derived from TTC; however, the most important are Time Exposed Time-to-collision (TET) and Time Integrated Time-to-collision (TIT). In this paper a new surrogate safety measure based on TTC notion has been developed. This new indicator merges TET and TIT into one measure and gives a score between 0 and 100%, as the probability of collision. Applying this indicator in CAS as a safety measure will be more useful than TET&TIT, to reduce driver errors and rear-end collisions.
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HIROSE, Toshiya, Takafumi KAWAKAMI, Nobuyo KASUGA, and Toichi SAWADA. "Evaluation of Preventing Rear-end Collision System." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 73, no. 725 (2007): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.73.244.

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9

Xi, Jianfeng, Hongyu Guo, Jian Tian, Lisa Liu, and Weifu Sun. "Analysis of influencing factors for rear-end collision on the freeway." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 7 (July 2019): 168781401986507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019865079.

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Rear-end collision accounts for the main type of traffic accidents occurring on the freeway. In order to extract the significant influence factors of rear-end collision on the freeway, this study utilized the data of freeway traffic accidents between 2010 and 2015 in China. First, based on quasi-induced exposure theory, the information of driver, vehicle, and road environment was analyzed. Gender, age, driving age, vehicle safety, load, weather, fatigue, driving speed, road alignment, accident time, and visibility were selected as the important factors that might affect rear-end collision. Second, based on logistic regression model, the influencing factors analysis model of freeway rear-end collision was established. In the regression analysis, the possible important factors selected were taken as the independent variables, and the accident responsibility was taken as the dependent variable. Then, the factors that had significant influence on rear-end collision were selected from candidate independent variables by stepwise regression method. Finally, the specific influence of driving age, load, weather, accident time, visibility, fatigue, and driving speed on rear-end collision occurring on the freeway was discussed. The analysis results were explained according to the odds ratio. The research results of this article can provide guidance for the prevention of rear-end collision on the freeway and theoretical support for the development of freeway early warning system.
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HUANG, SHYH-CHOUR, and RONALD L. HUSTON. "INFLUENCE OF THE HEAD RESTRAINT POSITION ON DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF THE HEAD/NECK SYSTEM UNDER WHIPLASH LOADING." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 15, no. 04 (August 25, 2003): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237203000250.

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The objective of this paper is to present modeling and simulation of the effect of head restraint position on head/neck dynamics in rear-end motor vehicle collisions. Although individual injury tolerance levels vary, it is believed that properly positioned head restraints can be beneficial in reducing injury. The paper discusses the effects of restraint positioning by simulating a series of rear-end collisions using a finite-segment (lumped-mass) model of the human frame. It is found that proximity of the restraint to the head is the principal factor in preventing harmful whiplash motion. The findings suggest that "smart" head restraints could therefore significantly reduce whiplash induced injuries.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rear-end collisions Prevention"

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Chen, Cheng-Bang, and 陳承邦. "Applying Adaptive Cruise Control System to Preventing Rear-End Collisions on Highway." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27691492168228796939.

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碩士
國立成功大學
交通管理學系碩博士班
95
Rear-end collision is mainly caused by inattentive driving behavior and not keeping proper distance from the preceding vehicle. The advanced safety vehicle (ASV) can help to reduce crash occurring for those driving under poor driving conditions. The Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) system installed in ASV can automatically adjust both brake system and throttle to maintain constant time headway when a vehicle suddenly cuts in the line. Such advantage can enhance highway traffic safety. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate rear-end collision and to improve highway traffic safety. The study first adopts the logistic method to identify important factors that cause rear-end collision. The study then uses driving simulator to experiment the relationship between identified factors and collisions occurring. In particular, the ACC is designed based on ISO 15622 and the experiment is focused on whether or not using the proposed ACC will enhance driving safety. The logistic model identifies three important factors causing rear-end collisions—braking behavior of leading vehicle, lane change of leading vehicle, and difference in speed limit. The simulation results moreover show that the proposed ACC prolongs driver Time-To-Collision (TTC) for 1~2 seconds when compared with those driving without ACC. The extended TTC will significantly improve highway traffic safety.
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Books on the topic "Rear-end collisions Prevention"

1

Vachal, Kimberly J. Underride safety protection: Benefit-cost assessment of rear-impact guards for the North Dakota farm truck fleet. [Fargo, N.D.]: Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute, North Dakota State University, 2007.

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2

United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Railroad accident report: Rear end collision between Conrail trains OIPI-6 and ENPI-6X near Saltsburg, Pennsylvania, February 26, 1984. Washington, D.C: National Transportation Safety Board, 1985.

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United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Railroad accident report: Rear end collision between Conrail trains OIPI-6 and ENPI-6X near Saltsburg, Pennsylvania, February 26, 1984. Washington, D.C: National Transportation Safety Board, 1985.

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United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Railroad accident report: Rear end collision of two Chicago Transit Authority trains near the Montrose Avenue Station, Chicago, Illinois, August 17, 1984. Washington, D.C: The Board, 1985.

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United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Railroad accident report: Rear end collision of two Chicago Transit Authority trains near the Montrose Avenue Station, Chicago, Illinois, August 17, 1984. Washington, D.C: The Board, 1985.

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United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Railroad accident report: Rear end collision and derailment of two Union Pacific freight trains near North Platte, Nebraska on July 10, 1986. Washington, D.C: The Board, 1987.

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Board, United States National Transportation Safety. Railroad accident report: Rear end collision and derailment of two Union Pacific freight trains near North Platte, Nebraska on July 10, 1986. Washington, D.C: The Board, 1987.

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Board, United States National Transportation Safety. Railroad accident report: Rear-end collision of two Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority Red Line rapid transit trains near the 98th Street Station, Cleveland, Ohio, July 10, 1985. Washington, D.C: The Board, 1987.

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Board, United States National Transportation Safety. Railroad accident report: Rear end collision between Boston and Main [sic] Corporation commuter train no. 5324 and Consolidated Rail Corporation train TV-14, Brighton, Massachusetts, May 7, 1986. Washington, D.C: The Board, 1987.

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United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Railroad accident report: Rear end collision between Boston and Main [sic] Corporation commuter train no. 5324 and Consolidated Rail Corporation train TV-14, Brighton, Massachusetts, May 7, 1986. Washington, D.C: The Board, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rear-end collisions Prevention"

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Calvi, Alessandro, Fabrizio D’Amico, Chiara Ferrante, and Luca Bianchini Ciampoli. "Assessing the Effectiveness of Augmented Reality Cues in Preventing Rear-End Collisions: A Driving Simulator Study." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 229–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50943-9_29.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rear-end collisions Prevention"

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Che, Xinshuai, Shaohui Xi, Xu Bai, and Chunyan Han. "Prewarning system for preventing rear-end collisions on freeways." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Future Computer and Communication. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icfcc.2010.5497535.

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Giugliano, Luke, and Craig E. Beal. "Dynamic Rear-End Collision Mitigation for a Vehicle About to be Struck." In ASME 2015 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2015-9674.

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Increases in sensing and computing capability in modern vehicles create opportunities for improving safety through active control of the vehicle motion. A system for mitigating rear-end collisions is introduced, focusing on the strategies a vehicle about to be struck could employ to reduce the severity of the crash. Due to high differential speeds and tight space constraints, the timing and precision of control inputs are critical, preventing human drivers from effectively employing these strategies. However, the results of the study presented in this paper suggest that there are relatively unobtrusive strategies that a single vehicle with some limited autonomy could use in joining a roadway queue that would improve the safety of the occupants.
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