Journal articles: 'Realistic Scenario'

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Paravisi, Marcelo, Davi H. Santos, Vitor Jorge, Guilherme Heck, Luiz Gonçalves, and Alexandre Amory. "Unmanned Surface Vehicle Simulator with Realistic Environmental Disturbances." Sensors 19, no. 5 (March 2, 2019): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19051068.

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The use of robotics in disaster scenarios has become a reality. However, an Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) needs a robust navigation strategy to face unpredictable environmental forces such as waves, wind, and water current. A starting step toward this goal is to have a programming environment with realistic USV models where designers can assess their control strategies under different degrees of environmental disturbances. This paper presents a simulation environment integrated with robotic middleware which models the forces that act on a USV in a disaster scenario. Results show that these environmental forces affect the USV’s trajectories negatively, indicating the need for more research on USV control strategies considering harsh environmental conditions. Evaluation scenarios were presented to highlight specific features of the simulator, including a bridge inspection scenario with fast water current and winds.

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David, Edward E. "A Realistic Scenario for U.S. R&D." Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 15, no. 1 (February 1995): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/027046769501500105.

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Ribeiro, Carolina Baptista, Carlos Marcelo Balbino, Davi Fideles De Oliveira, Andrea Moreira de Siqueira Puppin, Valquíria Jorge Sepp, and Lucrécia Helena Loureiro. "Meaningful learning in a realistic drug simulation scenario." Cuadernos de Educación y Desarrollo 16, no. 1 (January 19, 2024): 1534–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/cuadv16n1-079.

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This study addresses the use of David Ausubel's Theory in a didactic sequence developed specifically for realistic drug simulations. Objective: to test the usability of a didactic sequence developed for realistic simulation in the preparation and administration of parenteral drugs in critically ill patients; to improve the applicability strategy of the didactic sequence for adjustments and subsequent validation. Methodology: qualitative observational study, which took place in May 2023 during a workshop on the preparation and administration of medication, using the evaluation tool validated by Raurell-Torredà as a model for data collection. Nursing undergraduate students from the 5th period onwards were invited to take part in the research to carry out a medication simulation during the workshop, A pre- and post-intervention questionnaire was carried out using a QR code to capture the answers, a semi-structured questionnaire with 11 questions on the subject, the data collected was arranged in an information bank using Microsoft Office Excel software and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results and Discussions: It can be seen that realistic simulation is a teaching-learning method that is little used, with 77.8% of the students having had contact with it for the first time. Conclusion: Although it is an effective teaching-learning strategy, undergraduate courses should structure their teaching strategy to include this teaching model in the course curriculum in order to improve teaching on the preparation and administration of medicines.

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Pachón, Helena, Bethany Reynolds, Michelle Duong, Becky L. Tsang, Lana Childs, Corey L. Luthringer, Yunhee Kang, Florencia C. Vasta, and Karen Codling. "The Potential Contribution of Fortified Maize Flour, Oil, Rice, Salt, and Wheat Flour to Estimated Average Requirements and Tolerable Upper Intake Levels for 15 Nutrients in 153 Countries." Nutrients 13, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020579.

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Food fortification is designed to improve the nutritional profile of diets. The purpose of this research was to estimate the potential nutrient contribution of fortified maize flour, oil, rice, salt, and wheat flour in 153 countries, using the national intake (or availability) of the food and the nutrient levels required for fortification. This was done under two scenarios—maximum, where 100% of the food is assumed to be industrially processed and fortified, and realistic, where the maximum value is adjusted based on the percent of the food that is industrially processed and fortified. Under the maximum scenario, the median Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) met ranged from 22–75% for 14 nutrients (vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, D, E, folic acid and calcium, fluoride, iron, selenium and zinc), and 338% for iodine. In the realistic scenario, the median EARs met were 181% for iodine and <35% for the other nutrients. In both scenarios, the median Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs) met were <55% for all nutrients. Under the realistic scenario, no country exceeded 100% of the UL for any nutrient. Current fortification practices of the five foods of interest have the global potential to contribute up to 15 nutrients to the diets of people, with minimal risk of exceeding ULs.

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Daviaux, Yannick, Emilien Bonhomme, Hans Ivers, Étienne de Sevin, Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi, Stéphanie Bioulac, Charles M. Morin, Pierre Philip, and Ellemarije Altena. "Event-Related Electrodermal Response to Stress: Results From a Realistic Driving Simulator Scenario." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 62, no. 1 (May 3, 2019): 138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720819842779.

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Objective: The study goal was to test whether induced stress during driving could be measured at the event level through electrodermal activity responses. Background: Stress measured in simulation scenarios could thus far show an overall change in the stress state, but not be well attributed to acute stressful events. Driving simulator scenarios that induce stress measurable at the event level in realistic situations are thus warranted. As such, acute stress reactions can be measured in the context of changing situational factors such as fatigue, substance abuse, or medical conditions. Method: Twelve healthy female participants drove the same route numerous times in a driving simulator, each time with different random traffic events occurring throughout. During one of the scenarios, unknown to the participants, 10 programmed neutral traffic events occurred, whereas in another scenario, at the same location, 10 stressful events occurred. Results: Electrodermal response results showed both effects of scenario type and of events. The amplitude of the electrodermal response was significantly correlated with subjective stress experience. Conclusion: We conclude that our developed ecological driving simulation scenarios can be used to induce and measure stress at the event level. Application: The developed simulator scenarios enable us to measure stress reactions in driving situations at the time when the event actually happens. With these scenarios, we can measure how situational factors, such as fatigue or substance abuse, can change immediate stress reactions when driving. We can further measure more specifically how induced driving stress can affect physical and mental functioning afterward.

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Zaidi, Taskeen, Shubhang Giri, Kavita Srivastava, and Shivam Chaurasia. "Realistic Scenario Based VANET Analysis through Sumo and NS3." International Journal of Sensors, Wireless Communications and Control 8, no. 2 (September 28, 2018): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210327908666180605093749.

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Nidhi. "Performance Evaluation of Realistic VANET Using Traffic Light Scenario." International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks 4, no. 1 (February 29, 2012): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijwmn.2012.4118.

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Abada, Asmaa, Paramita Dey, and Grégory Moreau. "Neutrinos in flat extra dimension: towards a realistic scenario." Journal of High Energy Physics 2007, no. 09 (September 4, 2007): 006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2007/09/006.

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Lindgren, Carina. "Do You Know Your Outcome of Realistic Scenario Training?" Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 46 (2012): 863–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.05.214.

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Griss, Johannes, Yasset Perez‐Riverol, Henning Hermjakob, and Juan Antonio Vizcaíno. "Identifying novel biomarkers through data mining—A realistic scenario?" PROTEOMICS – Clinical Applications 9, no. 3-4 (January 12, 2015): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prca.201400107.

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Zhukov, D. S., D. G. Seltser, and N. S. Barabash. "SCENARIOS OF TRANSFORMATION OF REGIONAL ELITES IN THE LATE SOVIET AND POST-SOVIET PERIODS: RESULTS OF SYSTEM-DYNAMIC MODELING." Innovatics and Expert Examination, no. 2(30) (December 3, 2020): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.35264/1996-2274-2020-2-96-107.

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The article presents realistic and alternative (counterfactual) scenarios for the development of regional administrative and political elites in Russia in 1985-2004. The scenarios are built using a system-dynamic model that simulates elite recruitment in the Powersim Studio software environment. The model describes the mechanisms and channels for recruiting managerial personnel, as well as the sociopolitical forces that influenced elite substitution. Experiments with the model allow us to explore different variants of the evolution of elites. The counterfactual scenario proceeds from the hypothetical refusal of M.S. Gorbachev from dismantling the nomenclature system and from eliminating the CPSU’s control over the «placement of personnel». The model demonstrates that in this case, there was no rapid degradation of regional elites (as was the case in the realistic scenario). However, by the beginning of the 2000s, other systemic problems arose due to the gap between the principles of forming the management apparatus and the transforming socio-economic realities.

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Dalal, Dhaval, Muhammad Bilal, Hritik Shah, Anwarul Islam Sifat, Anamitra Pal, and Philip Augustin. "Cross-Correlated Scenario Generation for Renewable-Rich Power Systems Using Implicit Generative Models." Energies 16, no. 4 (February 7, 2023): 1636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041636.

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Generation of realistic scenarios is an important prerequisite for analyzing the reliability of renewable-rich power systems. This paper satisfies this need by presenting an end-to-end model-free approach for creating representative power system scenarios on a seasonal basis. A conditional recurrent generative adversarial network serves as the main engine for scenario generation. Compared to prior scenario generation models that treated the variables independently or focused on short-term forecasting, the proposed implicit generative model effectively captures the cross-correlations that exist between the variables considering long-term planning. The validity of the scenarios generated using the proposed approach is demonstrated through extensive statistical evaluation and investigation of end-application results. It is shown that analysis of abnormal scenarios, which is more critical for power system resource planning, benefits the most from cross-correlated scenario generation.

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Kusuma, Adhitya Rendra, Rizal Syarief, Arry Ekananta, and Anggraini Sukmawati. "Scenario Planning of Digital Transformation in Indonesia’s Fast-Moving Consumer Goods Sales Organization: Uncertainties and Possibilities." Winners 24, no. 2 (December 18, 2023): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/tw.v24i2.10401.

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Since uncertainty in the business domain has increased the urgency for scenario development as a strategic tool, the research examined a relationships between a leadership model, organizational citizenship behavior, and sales management control variables using scenario planning. The questionnaire’s scaling using a Likert scale was done toward results from discussions and in-depth interviews with several experts in Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) organizations, FMCG organizational leaders (Chief Executive Officers/CEOs), leadership experts, organizational behavior consultants, and organizational performance practitioners. The research finds that external and internal forces determine the success of digital transformation. External forces consist of digital technology availability, consumer expectations,business competition maps, and digital talents. Internal forces are budget allocation, competency trap versus growth mindset, organizational structure, and organizational culture. The scenario matrix plot forms four scenarios of the digital transformation in the sales organization of Indonesia’s FMCG companies (realistic, pessimistic, optimistic, and superoptimistic), where realistic (iteration improvement scenario) is largely predicted to occur for companies carrying out digital transformation. Such scenario requires sales organizations to have a growth mindset to deal with the uncertainty of customer/consumer expectations properly. The strategy appearing as an FMCG digital transformation compass is expected to advise FMCG companies in Indonesia when executing and overseeing the digital transformation within theircompanies.

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Chang, Yan, Daxiu Wei, Huihui Jia, Cecilia Curreli, Zhenzhou Wu, Mao Sheng, Steffen J. Glaser, and Xiaodong Yang. "Spin-Scenario: A flexible scripting environment for realistic MR simulations." Journal of Magnetic Resonance 301 (April 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2019.01.016.

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Łazowski, Adam. "Unilateral withdrawal from the EU: realistic scenario or a folly?" Journal of European Public Policy 23, no. 9 (May 4, 2016): 1294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2016.1174529.

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Kharazishvili, Yu. "Strategic Scenarios of Post-War Restoration of Sustainable Development of the Kharkiv Region." Economic Herald of the Donbas, no. 2 (68) (2022): 142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/1817-3772-2022-2(68)-142-153.

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The state and strategic scenarios of restoration of sustainable development of the post-war Kharkiv region in the security dimension are studied. To develop a strategic plan for the restoration of the Kharkiv region, a modern methodology of identification and strategizing (scientific-strategic foresight) is used according to the principle "the future is determined by the trajectory into the future" and with the help of adaptive regulation methods from management theory. According to the defined methodology, three strategic recovery scenarios until 2027 were developed: inertial, realistic, optimistic with scientifically based quantitative dynamics of components and indicators until 2027, which ensure the achievement of the defined goals. The inertial scenario consolidates the negative trends of the post-war state with an average annual growth rate of real GDP of -7.3%, the realistic one – 9.8% (return to the level of 2000), the optimistic scenario – 22.9% (return to the pre-war level in 2021. The obtained strategic benchmarks of components and indicators are the ultimate goal of regulation, and their monitoring allows determining the effectiveness of the region's economic policy.

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MEDEIROS, L. G. "REALISTIC CYCLIC MAGNETIC UNIVERSE." International Journal of Modern Physics D 21, no. 09 (September 2012): 1250073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271812500733.

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This work presents a complete cyclic cosmological scenario based on nonlinear magnetic field. It is constructed from a model composed of five fluids, namely baryonic matter, dark matter, radiation, neutrinos and a cosmological magnetic field. The first four fluids are treated in the standard way and the fifth fluid, the magnetic field, is described by a nonlinear electrodynamics. The free parameters are fitted by observational data (SNIa, CMB, extragalactic magnetic fields, etc.) and by simple theoretical considerations. As a result arises a cyclic cosmological model that preserves the main successes of the standard Big Bang model and solves some other problems such as the initial singularity, the present acceleration and the Big Rip.

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Gifford, Tyler S., John M. Zobel, and Lindsey M. Shartell. "Modeling Potential Changes in Rare Species Habitat from Planned Timber Harvest in Minnesota, USA." Forests 13, no. 2 (January 31, 2022): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13020216.

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In 2018, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources conducted the Sustainable Timber Harvest Analysis that resulted in the 10-year Stand Exam List (SEL). The SEL includes stands that will be assessed for potential management action from 2021 to 2030, but the location, number, and impact of stands actually harvested remains unknown. This study sought to use modeling to assess potential habitat changes from the SEL for five threatened, endangered, or special concern wildlife species. Three simulation scenarios captured the potential range of harvest from the SEL, and the Wildlife Habitat Indicator for Native Genera and Species model assessed associated habitat changes. The most realistic simulation scenario resulted in statistically insignificant habitat changes of less than ±6%, while two scenarios providing the upper and lower extremes of harvest resulted in statistically significant changes for one species each. Scenarios that resulted in less harvest and more mature forests benefited the five species, reflecting their habitat preferences. The tempering of habitat change values in the most realistic simulation scenario provides evidence for forest management tradeoffs between different wildlife species habitat requirements, as well as other forest resource management objectives.

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Porter, Keith A., and Rachel Sherrill. "Utility Performance Panels in the ShakeOut Scenario." Earthquake Spectra 27, no. 2 (May 2011): 443–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3584121.

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The ShakeOut Scenario assessed earth-science impacts, physical damage, and socioeconomic impacts of a hypothetical M7.8 southern San Andreas Fault earthquake. Among many detailed studies were special studies of 12 lifelines, 7 of which were performed by panels of employees of the utilities at risk. Panels met for four hours. Panelists were presented with the scenario's earth science impacts and previously estimated damage to “upstream” lifelines. They then hypothesized a realistic outcome of the earthquake on damage and service restoration, identifying research needs and mitigation options. The panel process worked well: panelists were well qualified and seemed to fairly assess realistic earthquake impacts and restoration, probably more realistically than an outside consultant would have been able to do, thus improving the ShakeOut. Panelists gained insight into lifeline interaction, mutual-aid needs, communication capabilities, and backup supplies. Southern California Edison, for example, enhanced its planning and preparedness for a large Southern California earthquake.

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Chalvatzaki, Eleftheria, Sofia Eirini Chatoutsidou, Susan Marta Almeida, Lidia Morawska, and Mihalis Lazaridis. "The Representativeness of Outdoor Particulate Matter Concentrations for Estimating Personal Dose and Health Risk Assessment of School Children in Lisbon." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 8 (April 18, 2023): 5564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20085564.

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This study investigated the suitability of outdoor particulate matter data obtained from a fixed monitoring station in estimating the personal deposited dose. Outdoor data were retrieved from a station located within the urban area of Lisbon and simulations were performed involving school children. Two scenarios were applied: one where only outdoor data were used assuming an outdoor exposure scenario, and a second one where an actual exposure scenario was adopted using the actual microenvironment during typical school days. Personal PM10 and PM2.5 dose (actual exposure scenario) was 23.4% and 20.2% higher than the ambient (outdoor exposure scenario) PM10 and PM2.5 doses, respectively. The incorporation of the hygroscopic growth in the calculations increased the ambient dose of PM10 and PM2.5 by 8.8% and 21.7%, respectively. Regression analysis between the ambient and personal dose showed no linearity with R2 at 0.07 for PM10 and 0.22 for PM2.5. On the other hand, linear regression between the ambient and school indoor dose showed no linearity (R2 = 0.01) for PM10 but moderate (R2 = 0.48) for PM2.5. These results demonstrate that ambient data must be used with caution for the representativeness of a realistic personal dose of PM2.5 while for PM10 the ambient data cannot be used as a surrogate of a realistic personal dose of school children.

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Unger, Nicholas R. "Testing the Untestable: Mitigating Simulation Bias During Summative Usability Testing." Proceedings of the International Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care 9, no. 1 (September 2020): 142–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2327857920091058.

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A literature review was conducted on the topic of sources of simulation bias, as it applies to test design and use scenario creation for simulated-use studies, on medical devices for FDA submission. When it comes to Summative Usability Testing, there isn’t room for simulation bias to impact the data collected. From working with clinicians to design more realistic/appropriate clinical scenarios, to traveling to medical simulation labs to set up a realistic operating room simulation, we, as researchers, are constantly learning and improving our testing designs to ensure that they are as realistic as possible. This poster will look at current research and study logistics to provide best practices for identifying common sources of simulation bias and mitigating those sources during your Summative Evaluation.

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Dmitriev, M. E. "Scenarios of greenhouse gases emissions for Russia." Journal of the New Economic Association 56, no. 4 (2022): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31737/2221-2264-2022-56-4-10.

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The purpose of this study is to develop and quantify possible scenarios for the implementation of climate policy, as well as the opportunities for achieving carbon neutrality by the middle of the 21st century or earlier. For this purpose, two scenarios are considered — basic and transformational. The baseline scenario includes measures that least affect the existing socio-political and economic interests with the greatest contribution from deforestation, modernization of technologies for the use of hydrocarbons in industry and cleaner transport. The limitations of the baseline scenario will not allow achieving carbon neutrality by the middle of the 21st century. The transformational scenario takes into account the most realistic options for closing the gap between the offi cial scenario developed by the Government of the Russian Federation shortly before the 2021 UN Climate Change Conference and more ambitious options for achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 or earlier. In our transformational scenario, Russia reaches carbon neutrality 10 years earlier, by 2040, and subsequently turns into a net sink of greenhouse gases, including due to the huge potential of forest plantations.

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Gualdi, S., S. Somot, L. Li, V. Artale, M. Adani, A. Bellucci, A. Braun, et al. "The CIRCE Simulations: Regional Climate Change Projections with Realistic Representation of the Mediterranean Sea." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 94, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-11-00136.1.

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In this article, the authors describe an innovative multimodel system developed within the Climate Change and Impact Research: The Mediterranean Environment (CIRCE) European Union (EU) Sixth Framework Programme (FP6) project and used to produce simulations of the Mediterranean Sea regional climate. The models include high-resolution Mediterranean Sea components, which allow assessment of the role of the basin and in particular of the air–sea feedbacks in the climate of the region. The models have been integrated from 1951 to 2050, using observed radiative forcings during the first half of the simulation period and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario during the second half. The projections show a substantial warming (about 1.5°–2°C) and a significant decrease of precipitation (about 5%) in the region for the scenario period. However, locally the changes might be even larger. In the same period, the projected surface net heat loss decreases, leading to a weaker cooling of the Mediterranean Sea by the atmosphere, whereas the water budget appears to increase, leading the basin to lose more water through its surface than in the past. Overall, these results are consistent with the findings of previous scenario simulations, such as the Prediction of Regional Scenarios and Uncertainties for Defining European Climate Change Risks and Effects (PRUDENCE), Ensemble-Based Predictions of Climate Changes and Their Impacts (ENSEMBLES), and phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3). The agreement suggests that these findings are robust to substantial changes in the configuration of the models used to make the simulations. Finally, the models produce a 2021–50 mean steric sea level rise that ranges between +7 and +12 cm, with respect to the period of reference.

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Azad, Abdus Salam, Edward Kim, Qiancheng Wu, Kimin Lee, Ion Stoica, Pieter Abbeel, Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, and Sanjit A. Seshia. "Programmatic Modeling and Generation of Real-Time Strategic Soccer Environments for Reinforcement Learning." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 6 (June 28, 2022): 6028–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i6.20549.

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The capability of a reinforcement learning (RL) agent heavily depends on the diversity of the learning scenarios generated by the environment. Generation of diverse realistic scenarios is challenging for real-time strategy (RTS) environments. The RTS environments are characterized by intelligent entities/non-RL agents cooperating and competing with the RL agents with large state and action spaces over a long period of time, resulting in an infinite space of feasible, but not necessarily realistic, scenarios involving complex interaction among different RL and non-RL agents. Yet, most of the existing simulators rely on randomly generating the environments based on predefined settings/layouts and offer limited flexibility and control over the environment dynamics for researchers to generate diverse, realistic scenarios as per their demand. To address this issue, for the first time, we formally introduce the benefits of adopting an existing formal scenario specification language, SCENIC, to assist researchers to model and generate diverse scenarios in an RTS environment in a flexible, systematic, and programmatic manner. To showcase the benefits, we interfaced SCENIC to an existing RTS environment Google Research Football (GRF) simulator and introduced a benchmark consisting of 32 realistic scenarios, encoded in SCENIC, to train RL agents and testing their generalization capabilities. We also show how researchers/RL practitioners can incorporate their domain knowledge to expedite the training process by intuitively modeling stochastic programmatic policies with SCENIC.

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Aleynikov, Pavel, and Nikolai B. Marushchenko. "3D Full-Wave modelling and EC mode conversion in realistic plasmas." EPJ Web of Conferences 203 (2019): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920301003.

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The wave physics of O-X conversion in overdense W7-X plasma is discussed. For this study, a new 3D, cold plasma full-wave code has been developed. The code takes advantage of massive parallel computations with Graphics Processing Units (GPU), which allows for up to 100 times faster calculations than on a single-CPU. A 3D calculation of the O-X conversion is demonstrated. We discuss limitations of the mode conversion scenario within the capabilities of the existing ECRH system in W7-X, and demonstrate an optimised conversion scenario in which the launching antenna location is altered. The conversion eﬃciency of the optimised scenario is predicted to be >85%.

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Chikara, Rupesh Kumar, and Li-Wei Ko. "Global Neural Activities Changes under Human Inhibitory Control Using Translational Scenario." Brain Sciences 10, no. 9 (September 16, 2020): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10090640.

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This study presents a new approach to exploring human inhibition in a realistic scenario. In previous inhibition studies, the stimulus design of go/no-go task generally used a simple symbol for the go and stop signals. We can understand the neural activity of inhibition through simple symbol scenario. In the real world, situations of human inhibition are more complex than performing an experiment in the laboratory scale. How to explore the neural activities of inhibition in a realistic environment is more complex. Consequently, we designed a battlefield scenario to investigate the neural activities of inhibition in a more realistic environmental setting. The battlefield scenario provides stronger emotion, motivation and real-world experiences for participants during inhibition. In the battlefield scenario, the signs of fixation, go and stop were replaced by images of a sniper scope, a target and a non-target. The battlefield scenario is a shooting game between the enemy and the soldiers. In battlefield scenario participants played the role of the soldiers for shooting target and to stop shooting when a non-target appeared. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals from twenty participants were acquired and analyzed using independent component analysis (ICA) and dipole source localization method. The results of event-related potential (ERP) showed a significant modulation of the peaks N1, N2 and P3 in the frontal and cingulate cortices under inhibitory control. The partially overlapping ERP N2 and P3 waves were associated with inhibition in the frontal cortex. The ERP N2, N1 and P3 waves in the cingulate cortex are related to sustained attention, motivation, emotion and inhibitory control. In addition, the event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) results shows that the powers of the delta and theta bands increased significantly in the frontal and cingulate cortices under human inhibitory control. The EEG-ERP waves and power spectra in the frontal and cingulate cortices were found more increased than in the parietal, occipital, left and right motor cortices after successful stop. These findings provide new insights to understand the global neural activities changes during human inhibitory control with realistic environmental scenario.

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Shriparkash. "U.S. - INDIA Relations: Current Scenario." Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities 2, no. 6 (December 11, 2022): 288–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.2.6.39.

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Both their respective home attempts to achieve their respective domestic climate targets and the remotivated global efforts to boost climate ambition were shared by India and the United States. Both parties reiterated their promise to the crucial role of multilateral cooperation in addressing these global macroeconomic challenges as they discussed the current challenges to the global macroeconomic outlook in the context of the conflict in Ukraine, such as rising commodity and energy prices as well as supply constraints. They both reaffirmed their commitment to stepping up their efforts to put the G20 Common Framework for Debt Treatment into effect in a realistic, timely, organised, and coordinated way.

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dos Santos-Junior, Ademar, José Roberto Arcanjo, Helder Pereira, and Raul Almeida-Junior. "Analysis of the Impact of Wavelength-Dependent Physical Impairments Considering a Multiband Elastic Optical Network." Journal of Communication and Information Systems 38, no. 1 (2023): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.14209/jcis.2023.11.

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In this paper, we analyze the impact of wavelength- dependent physical impairments, specifically the optical fiber attenuation coefficient (α) and the optical amplifiers noise figure (NF), considering S, C and L bands in a multiband elastic optical network. The calls blocking probability and the distribution of modulation formats among the network accepted calls were used as evaluation metrics. The results obtained for the use of G-652.A optical fiber show that using α and NF with fixed values underestimates the most realistic scenario (α and NF dependent on wavelength). For the use of G-652.D optical fiber, it was possible to obtain a reduction of approximately 63.41% for S band, 95.60% for C band and 98.84% for L band, in terms of calls blocking probability, when the most realistic scenario was compared with the scenario most used in the literature (α and NF with fixed values). In addition, it was verified that, with the most realistic scenario, it was possible to obtain the distribution of more efficient modulation formats using the G-652.D optical fiber with C band.

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Shan, Xu, and Hua Wang Shao. "The Scenario Analysis of Carbon Emissions Based on Improved IPAT Model in China." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 1484–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.1484.

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The coordination development of economy-energy-environment was discussed with traditional environmental loads model, combined with "decoupling" theory. Considering the possibilities of social and economic development, this paper set out three scenarios, and analyzed quantitatively the indexes, which affected carbon dioxide emissions, including population, per capita GDP, industrial structure and energy structure. Based on this, it forecasted carbon dioxide emissions in China in future. By comparing the prediction results, it held that policy scenario was the more realistic scenario, what’s more it can achieve emission reduction targets with the premise of meeting the social and economic development goals. At last, it put forward suggestions to implement successfully policy scenario, from energy structure, industrial structure, low-carbon technology and so on.

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Janssen, Jacques, and Raimondo Manca. "A realistic non-homogeneous stochastic pension fund model on scenario basis." Scandinavian Actuarial Journal 1997, no. 2 (July 1997): 113–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03461238.1997.10413982.

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Janssen, J., and R. Manga. "A realistic non-homogeneous stochastic pension fund model on scenario basis." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 22, no. 2 (June 1998): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6687(98)80002-4.

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Khoa, Dao T., G. R. Satchler, and W. von Oertzen. "Realistic scenario for the quasielastic scattering of 11Li, 11C+12C at." Physics Letters B 358, no. 1-2 (September 1995): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(95)00999-2.

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Rajagopal, R., and P. Ramakrishna Rao. "Extension of Eigenstructure Methods for DOA Estimation to Realistic Ocean Scenario." IETE Technical Review 10, no. 2 (March 1993): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02564602.1993.11437306.

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Ananthi, V., Rathinam Raja, Isabel S. Carvalho, Kathirvel Brindhadevi, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, and A. Arun. "A realistic scenario on microalgae based biodiesel production: Third generation biofuel." Fuel 284 (January 2021): 118965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118965.

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Gao , Li, Rui Zhou, and Kai Zhang. "Scenario Generation for Autonomous Vehicles with Deep-Learning-Based Heterogeneous Driver Models: Implementation and Verification." Sensors 23, no. 9 (May 8, 2023): 4570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23094570.

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Virtual testing requires hazardous scenarios to effectively test autonomous vehicles (AVs). Existing studies have obtained rarer events by sampling methods in a fixed scenario space. In reality, heterogeneous drivers behave differently when facing the same situation. To generate more realistic and efficient scenarios, we propose a two-stage heterogeneous driver model to change the number of dangerous scenarios in the scenario space. We trained the driver model using the HighD dataset, and generated scenarios through simulation. Simulations were conducted in 20 experimental groups with heterogeneous driver models and 5 control groups with the original driver model. The results show that, by adjusting the number and position of aggressive drivers, the percentage of dangerous scenarios was significantly higher compared to that of models not accounting for driver heterogeneity. To further verify the effectiveness of our method, we evaluated two driving strategies: car-following and cut-in scenarios. The results verify the effectiveness of our approach. Cumulatively, the results indicate that our approach could accelerate the testing of AVs.

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Danieli, Piero, Massimo Masi, Andrea Lazzaretto, Gianluca Carraro, Enrico Dal Cin, and Gabriele Volpato. "Is Banning Fossil-Fueled Internal Combustion Engines the First Step in a Realistic Transition to a 100% RES Share?" Energies 16, no. 15 (July 29, 2023): 5690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16155690.

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Planning the best path for the energy system decarbonization is currently one of the issues of high global interest. At the European level, the recent policies dealing with the transportation sector have decided to ban the registration of light-duty vehicles powered by internal combustion engines fed by fossil fuels, from 2035. Regardless of the official positions, the major players (industries, politicians, economic and statistical institutions, etc.) manifest several opinions on this decision. In this paper, a mathematical model of a nation’s energy system is used to evaluate the economic impact of this decision. The model considers a superstructure that incorporates all energy conversion and storage units, including the entire transportation sector. A series of succeeding simulations was run and each of them was constrained to the achievement of the decarbonization level fixed, year by year, by the European community road-map. For each simulation, an optimization algorithm searches for a less costly global energy system, by including/excluding from the energy system the energy conversion units, storage devices, using a Mixed Integer Linear approach. Three optimization scenarios were considered: (1) a “free” scenario in which the only constraint applied to the model is the achievement of the scheduled decarbonization targets; (2) an “e-fuels” scenario, in which all new non-battery-electric light-duty vehicles allowed after 2035 must be fed with e-fuels; (3) a “pure electric” scenario, in which all new light-duty vehicles allowed after 2035 are battery-electric vehicles. The comparison of the optimum solutions for the three scenarios demonstrates that the less costly transition to a fully renewable energy system decarbonizes the transportation sector only when the share of renewable energy sources exceeds 90%. E-fueled light-duty vehicles always turn out to be a less expensive alternative than the electric vehicles, mainly because of the very high cost of the energy supply infrastructure needed to charge the batteries. Most of all, the costs imposed to society by the “e-fuels” and “pure electric” light-duty-vehicle decarbonizing scenarios exceed by 20% and 60%, respectively, the “free” transition scenario.

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Bauer, Michael, and Daniel Redmann. "ATEFA - Project's results on UAM air traffic noise and air-taxi certification." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, no. 5 (February 1, 2023): 2851–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0398.

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ATEFA, Germany's first nationally funded research project on UAM community noise, aimed to provide first answers, how novel air traffic noise from air-taxis can be assessed in a realistic scenario. Two eVTOL air-taxi systems - diverse in design and acoustics - and one regional sVTOL were acoustically described and implemented in a traffic scenario which was covering the greater area around Munich in southern Germany, interlinking surrounding small towns, five larger cities of the region and the international airport. So far, in most studies generic noise emission data were used to discuss quite complex, but also generic air traffic scenarios. ATEFA did follow a different path, based on realistic technical data and passenger number predictions. Besides this, simulated certification procedures were carried out for the two air-taxi systems. This activity was performed for an understanding of the applicability of already existing rules and regulations regarding noise certification. The project will close by end of 2022, but significant results for air-taxi flyover simulations, large area noise mapping, and certification aspects are already part of this paper.

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Chojan, Adrian. "Brexit and Its Impact on Poland’s Policy Towards Europe – An Attempt to Forecast." Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs 24, no. 2 (July 19, 2020): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33067/se.2.2020.5.

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Brexit has betrayed the disadvantages of the European project along with the fact that European institutions have no desire to conduct deeper reforms. Brexit cannot be considered without the stance that the British have developed not only in the last few years but generally over the period of its integration with continental Europe. A study shows the political consequences of the UK’s exit from the European Union alog with the potential scenarios of Poland’s European policy in the next 2–3 years. This article presents three scenarios for the development of Poland's European policy, i.e. the British scenario, a conservative scenario and a pro-European scenario. In addition, this article aims to show the potential activities of the Polish government in the context of selected scenarios for the development of the situation in Europe. Currently, the most likely is the British scenario, where the Polish government concentrates on those areas of integration that are important to it. The European Union will be treated by Poland as an economic organization providing access to the common European market as well as political support in the event of disputes with the powers. The adoption of the British scenario by Poland assumes an evolutionary drift towards polexit. The least realistic choice of scenario is the strongly pro-European approach. This would require a total change in Poland's European policy strategy and the abandoning of internal reforms.

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Singh, Gagan Deep, Sunil Kumar, Hammam Alshazly, Sahar Ahmed Idris, Madhushi Verma, and Samih M. Mostafa. "A Novel Routing Protocol for Realistic Traffic Network Scenarios in VANET." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (December 9, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7817249.

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The vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) has traditional routing protocols that evolved from mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). The standard routing protocols of VANET are geocast, topology, broadcast, geographic, and cluster-based routing protocols. They have their limitations and are not suitable for all types of VANET traffic scenarios. Hence, metaheuristics algorithms like evolutionary, trajectory, nature-inspired, and ancient-inspired algorithms can be integrated with standard routing algorithms of VANET to achieve optimized routing performance results in desired VANET traffic scenarios. This paper proposes integrating genetic algorithm (GA) in ant colony optimization (ACO) technique (GAACO) for an optimized routing algorithm in three different realistic VANET network traffic scenarios. The paper compares the traditional VANET routing algorithm along with the metaheuristics approaches and also discusses the VANET simulation scenario for experimental purposes. The implementation of the proposed approach is tested on the open-source network and traffic simulation tools to verify the results. The three different traffic scenarios were deployed on Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) and tested using NS3.2. After comparing them, the results were satisfactory and it is found that the GAACO algorithm has performed better in all three different traffic scenarios. The realistic traffic network scenarios are taken from Dehradun City with four performance metric parameters including the average throughput, packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, and packet loss in a network. The experimental results conclude that the proposed GAACO algorithm outperforms particle swarm intelligence (PSO), ACO, and Ad-hoc on Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) routing protocols with an average significant value of 1.55%, 1.45%, and 1.23% in three different VANET network scenarios.

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Karunakaran, Dhanoop, Julie Stephany Berrio Perez, and Stewart Worrall. "Generating Edge Cases for Testing Autonomous Vehicles Using Real-World Data." Sensors 24, no. 1 (December 25, 2023): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24010108.

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In the past decade, automotive companies have invested significantly in autonomous vehicles (AV), but achieving widespread deployment remains a challenge in part due to the complexities of safety evaluation. Traditional distance-based testing has been shown to be expensive and time-consuming. To address this, experts have proposed scenario-based testing (SBT), which simulates detailed real-world driving scenarios to assess vehicle responses efficiently. This paper introduces a method that builds a parametric representation of a driving scenario using collected driving data. By adopting a data-driven approach, we are then able to generate realistic, concrete scenarios that correspond to high-risk situations. A reinforcement learning technique is used to identify the combination of parameter values that result in the failure of a system under test (SUT). The proposed method generates novel, simulated high-risk scenarios, thereby offering a meaningful and focused assessment of AV systems.

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Gossé, Jean-Baptiste, and Dominique Plihon. "The future of financial markets and regulation: what strategy for Europe?" Foresight 16, no. 2 (April 8, 2014): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-05-2012-0039.

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Purpose – This article aims to provide insight into the future of financial markets and regulation in order to define what would be the best strategy for Europe. Design/methodology/approach – First the authors define the potential changes in financial markets and then the tools available for the regulator to tame them. Finally, they build five scenarios according to the main evolutions observed on the financial markets and on the tools used by the regulator to modify these trends. Findings – Among the five scenarios defined, two present highly unstable features since the regulator refuses to choose between financial opening and independently determining how to regulate finance in order to preserve financial stability. Three of them achieve financial stability. However, they are more or less efficient or feasible. In terms of market efficiency, the multi-polar scenario is the best and the fragmentation scenario is the worst, since gains of integration depend on the size of the new capital market. Regarding sovereignty of regulation, fragmentation is the best scenario and the multi-polar scenario is the worst, because it necessitates coordination at the global level which implies moving further away from respective national preferences. However, the more realistic option seems to be the regionalisation scenario: this level of coordination seems much more realistic than the global one; the market should be of sufficient size to enjoy substantial benefits of integration. Nevertheless, the “European government” might gradually increase the degree of financial integration outside Europe in line with the degree of cooperation with the rest of the world. Originality/value – Foresight studies on financial markets and regulation are quite rare. This may be explained by the difficulty to forecast what will be their evolution in the coming decades, not least because finance is fundamentally unstable. This paper provides a framework to consider what could be the best strategy of regulators in such an unstable environment.

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Wang, Haigang, and Kan He. "Quantum Tomography of Two-Qutrit Werner States." Photonics 9, no. 10 (October 8, 2022): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9100741.

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In this article, we introduce a framework for two-qutrit Werner states tomography with Gaussian noise. The measurement scheme is based on the symmetric, informationally complete positive operator-valued measure. To make the framework realistic, we impose the Gaussian noise on the measured states numbers. Through numerical simulation, we successfully reconstructed the two-qutrit Werner states in various experimental scenarios and analyzed the optimal scenario from four aspects: fidelity, purity, entanglement, and coherence.

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Farooq, Bilal, Elisabetta Cherchi, and Anae Sobhani. "Virtual Immersive Reality for Stated Preference Travel Behavior Experiments: A Case Study of Autonomous Vehicles on Urban Roads." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 50 (June 8, 2018): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118776810.

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Stated preference experiments have been criticized for lack of realism. This issue is particularly visible when the scenario does not have a well understood prior reference, as in the case of research into demand for autonomous vehicles. The paper presents Virtual Immersive Reality Environment (VIRE), which is capable of developing highly realistic, immersive, and interactive choice scenarios. We demonstrate the use of VIRE in researching pedestrian preferences related to autonomous vehicles and associated infrastructure changes on urban streets in Montréal, Canada. The results are compared with predominantly used approaches: text-only and visual aid. We show that VIRE results in respondents having better understanding of the scenario and it yields more consistent results.

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Wibowo, Satrio Mukti, Dedi Budiman Hakim, Baba Barus, and Akhmad Fauzi. "Estimation of Energy Demand in Indonesia using Artificial Neural Network." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 6 (November 28, 2022): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11390.

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Although Indonesia has many variations in energy types, Indonesia is currently a Net Oil Importer Country. Therefore, accurate energy demand estimation is very important for energy policy making in Indonesia. This study proposes a neural network model to efficiently, precisely and validly estimate energy demand for Indonesia. This model has four independent variables, such as gross domestic product (GDP), population, imports, and exports. Data obtained from Central Bureau of Statistics of Indonesia and The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. Energy estimation is using a pessimistic, realistic and optimistic scenario that estimates of energy demand in the next 10 years using artificial neural networks shows that energy demand in Indonesia continues to increase every year, both in pessimistic, realistic and optimistic scenarios.

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Pantazis, D. N., P. Argyrakis, V. Moussas, G. Geroulis, A. C. Daverona, C. Stergiou, I. Voyiatzis, and P. Aposporis. "SMART TRANSPORT FOR SMART CITIES: A FUTURISTIC SCENARIO AND A REALISTIC PROJECT." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences X-4/W3-2022 (October 14, 2022): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-x-4-w3-2022-213-2022.

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Abstract. Smart transport for smart cities: our article presents an innovative and original idea in the field of urban air transport with a new type of manned drone. This scenario is analysed starting from some initial futuristic ideas up to the reality of the construction of such a vehicle. After a brief presentation of a list of manned aerial vehicles (manned drones) that reflects the efforts that have been realized until now, a number of parameters and specifications related to such aerial urban transport, are also pointed out. In addition, various emerging issues comprising legislation matters, infrastructure for landing and take-off in cities, navigation methods and other possible impacts on the urban transport, have also been presented shortly.

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Bylykbashi, Kevin, Evjola Spaho, Leonard Barolli, and Fatos Xhafa. "Routing in a many-to-one communication scenario in a realistic VDTN." Journal of High Speed Networks 24, no. 2 (March 27, 2018): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jhs-180584.

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Betti Sorbelli, Francesco, Cristina M. Pinotti, and Vlady Ravelomanana. "Range-free localization algorithm using a customary drone: Towards a realistic scenario." Pervasive and Mobile Computing 54 (March 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmcj.2019.01.005.

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Zhang, Weixia, Jia Yan, and Shiyong Hu. "Predicting perceptual quality of images in realistic scenario using deep filter banks." Journal of Electronic Imaging 27, no. 02 (April 28, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jei.27.2.023037.

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Puleo, Valeria, Chiara Maria Fontanazza, Vincenza Notaro, Mauro De Marchis, Gabriele Freni, and Goffredo La Loggia. "Pumps as turbines (PATs) in water distribution networks affected by intermittent service." Journal of Hydroinformatics 16, no. 2 (May 3, 2013): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2013.200.

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A hydraulic model was developed in order to evaluate the potential energy recovery from the use of centrifugal pumps as turbines (PATs) in a water distribution network characterized by the presence of private tanks. The model integrates the Global Gradient Algorithm (GGA), with a pressure-driven model that permits a more realistic representation of the influence on the network behaviour of the private tanks filling and emptying. The model was applied to a real case study: a District Metered Area in Palermo (Italy). Three different scenarios were analysed and compared with a baseline scenario (Scenario 0 – no PAT installed) to identify the system configuration with added PATs that permits the maximal energy recovery without penalizing the hydraulic network performance. In scenarios involving PAT on service connections, the specification of PAT operational parameters was also evaluated by means of Monte Carlo Analysis. The centralized solution with a PAT installed downstream of the inlet node of the analysed district, combined with local PATs on the larger service connections, proves to be the most energy-efficient scenario.

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Kryshev, A. I., A. A. Buryakova, M. E. Vasyanovich, and A. A. Ekidin. "Assessment of conservatism of assumptions on the population exposure conditions applied for establishing the permissible atmospheric release levels." Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene 14, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21514/1998-426x-2021-14-1-60-67.

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The annual permissible atmospheric release levels of radionuclides are established with the condition that the population annual dose should not exceed the dose quota. Two conservative assumptions on the population exposure are applied in handbooks for calculation of the permissible release levels: a person can reside in any point outside the sanitary protection zone of nuclear facility; all exposure pathways, including food consumption, are determined by the place of residence. Calculation of the annual dose for adults living near the Smolensk, Rostov and Bilibino NPP was performed for three scenarios to evaluate the degree of conservatism of these assumptions. Scenario 1 assumed permanent residence in a critical point of the area with production of all food in this point and consumption only local food by the population. Scenario 2 assumed that a certain part of food is imported. In scenario 3 dose assessment was made for a permanent resident of the closest settlement near NPP, taking into consideration realistic characteristics of the exposure conditions. Atmospheric release levels of radionuclides assessed during the radiation and technical surveys of the NPP’s emission sources in 2017 – 2019 were used as the initial data. It is shown that the assumptions on the conditions of population exposure significantly affect the conservatism of the annual dose assessment. The calculated annual dose for the most conservative scenario is higher than for realistic scenario by 6,3 times (for the Smolensk NPP), 8,4 times (Rostov NPP), 883 times (Bilibino NPP). The highest degree of conservatism was shown for the internal radiation dose estimates. The results of calculation of the annual dose from NPP’s emissions strongly depend on the method for dose assessment from releases of 3H and 14C. Use of the regional values of consumption of locally produced food allows reasonable reducing the conservatism of the annual dose estimates from the NPP’s permanent radionuclide releases.

Journal articles on the topic 'Realistic Scenario'

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