Academic literature on the topic 'Realist theory'

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Journal articles on the topic "Realist theory"

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Leiter, Brian. "WHAT IS A REALIST THEORY OF LAW?" REI - REVISTA ESTUDOS INSTITUCIONAIS 6, no. 1 (April 23, 2020): 334–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21783/rei.v6i1.454.

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This essay offers a programmatic statement for a realist theory of law. Although I have been influenced by (and written about) the work of earlier American, Scandinavian, Italian and other legal realists, this is not an essay about what others have thought. This is an essay about what I take realism about law to mean and what its theoretical commitments are; I shall use other realists to sometimes illustrate the distinctive positions of a realist theory of law, but will make clear where I depart from them. A realist theory of law involves both a “realist” and a “naturalistic” perspective on law. Let me explain how I understand these perspectives.
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Edyvane, Derek. "Who’s the realest?" European Journal of Political Theory 19, no. 2 (July 19, 2019): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474885119864679.

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The revival of interest in realism in political theory is comprehensively explored in Politics Recovered, a major new volume of 14 original essays edited by Matt Sleat. Wide-ranging and engaging throughout, the book takes in both supporters and critics of the realist turn and addresses neglected questions of the political application of realism and of the connection between contemporary political realism and the classical IR tradition of realist thought. But I argue that the book also prompts some troubling questions about the ultimate coherence of the realist orientation and about the way in which realists interpret the limits of political theory and of political theorists.
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Wendt, Fabian. "ON REALIST LEGITIMACY." Social Philosophy and Policy 32, no. 2 (2016): 227–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052516000182.

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Abstract:In the last ten or fifteen years, realism has emerged as a distinct approach in political theory. Realists are skeptical about the merits of abstract theories of justice. They regard peace, order, and stability as the primary goals of politics. One of the more concrete aims of realists is to develop a realist perspective on legitimacy. I argue that realist accounts of legitimacy are unconvincing, because they do not solve what I call the “puzzle of legitimacy”: the puzzle of how some persons can have the right to rule over others, given that all persons are equals. I focus on the realist accounts of legitimacy developed by Bernard Williams and John Horton.
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Oren, Ido. "The Unrealism of Contemporary Realism: The Tension between Realist Theory and Realists' Practice." Perspectives on Politics 7, no. 2 (May 15, 2009): 283–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592709090823.

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Realist International Relations thinkers often intervene in political debates and criticize their governments' policies even as they pride themselves on theorizing politics as it “really” is. They rarely reflect on the following contradictions between their theory and their practice: if there is a “real world” impervious to political thought, why bother to try to influence it? And, is realist theory not putatively disconfirmed by the fact that realist thinkers have so often opposed existing foreign policies (e.g., the wars in Vietnam and Iraq)? I argue that these contradictions are not inherent in realism per se so much as in the commitment of contemporary realists to naturalistic methodological and epistemological postulates. I show that Hans Morgenthau and especially E. H. Carr, far from being naïve “traditionalists,” have grappled with these questions in a sophisticated manner; they have adopted non-naturalistic methodological and epistemological stances that minimize the tension between realist theory and the realities of realists' public activism. I conclude with a call for contemporary realists to adjust their theory to their practice by trading the dualism underlying their approach—subject-object; science-politics; purpose-analysis—for E. H. Carr's dictum that “political thought is itself a form of political action.”
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Gyulai, Attila. "The Lesson of Carl Schmitt’s Realism." Theoria 65, no. 155 (June 1, 2018): 26–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/th.2018.6515502.

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Political realism claims that politics should be understood as politics and not as a derivative of any other field of human activity. While contemporary realists often argue for the autonomy of politics, this article suggests that only the primacy of politics can be the starting point of political realism. The aim of the article is to expose a conceptual deficiency, namely, the unclear difference between the autonomy and the primacy approach in contemporary realist theory by going back to Carl Schmitt’s contribution to political realism. It will be argued that Schmitt’s concept of the political foreshadowed the ambiguities of contemporary realist theory, exemplified by key authors such as Bernard Williams, Raymond Geuss and Mark Philp.
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Ryu, Young-Hyeon. "The Question of Convention and Stereotype in George Eliot’s Realism: Focusing on Chapter 17 in Adam Bede." Criticism and Theory Society of Korea 28, no. 3 (October 31, 2023): 55–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.55.

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This paper examines the issue of stereotypes and conventions as constitutive elements of the realist form, focusing on chapter 17 of Adam Bede, which is most often cited when discussing the realist aesthetic of 19th-century English writer George Eliot. The emphasis on stereotypes and conventions is centered on Eliot’s observation of the still life. I argue that Eliot’s fiction aims for moral truth rather than mechanical objectivity in its representations in order to elicit reader’s sympathy. As such, Eliot’s realism emphasizes empirical observation while simultaneously embracing idealism. In addressing the often-debated “question of objectivity in the aesthetic representation of reality” in realism, the focus then needs to be on the word “aesthetic” as much as on “objectivity,” and this paper argues that Eliot’s aesthetic achievement is not sufficiently free from the constraints of convention and stereotype.
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SCOTT, MICHAEL, and ANDREW MOORE. "CAN THEOLOGICAL REALISM BE REFUTED?" Religious Studies 33, no. 4 (December 1997): 401–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412597004058.

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In a number of recent articles D. Z. Phillips has presented an exposition and defence of his views on theological realism, views which are based on his reading of Wittgenstein. Eschewing the label ‘anti-realist’ so often applied to his philosophy, Phillips claims that realists and anti-realists alike have ‘failed to appreciate how radical a challenge Wittgenstein makes to our philosophical assumptions’ (SL 22). Far from supporting non-realism above realism, Phillips – following Wittgenstein – wishes to upset the realist/non-realist debate by showing that the two theories offer equally confused accounts of belief and language, and specifically religious belief and language. If this claim could be substantiated it would, of course, be an extremely significant conclusion, and it is unfortunate that Phillips vacillates in his expression of it. Realism and non-realism are variously described as ‘empty’, ‘idle talk’ or like opposing ‘battle cries’ (RB 35), but despite being vacuous they are ‘not intelligible alternatives’ (RB 34) and ‘equally confused’ (RB 34). Furthermore, realism is ‘not coherently expressible’ (RB 45) and involves an ‘incoherent supposition’ (SL 23) and at least some forms of it can be ‘refuted’ (RR 194). In addition to their vacuity, unintelligibility and incoherence, both theories are also said to be guilty of a misguided reductionism (RB 47), and realists are charged with being ‘foundationalists’ who espouse a theory that ‘cannot take seriously the central religious conviction that God is at work in people's lives’ (RB 47).In this paper we will evaluate the arguments Phillips advances for rejecting realism and non-realism, and consider the sort of problems they might pose for realists. Phillips opposes the positions the realist and non-realist take on two crucial issues: first, whether religious practices and life are grounded in the belief that God is real, second, whether God may be considered to be an object. These are the two principal questions that occupy Phillips in his work on realism; it is in connection with the former that he puts forward his ‘refutation’ of realism. We aim to assess his arguments for their philosophical cogency and value.
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Brooks, Stephen G. "Dueling Realisms." International Organization 51, no. 3 (1997): 445–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081897550429.

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International relations scholars have tended to focus on realism's common features rather than exploring potential differences. Realists do share certain assumptions and are often treated as a group, but such a broad grouping obscures systematic divisions within realist theory. Recently, some analysts have argued that it is necessary to differentiate within realism. This article builds on this line of argument. The potential, and need, to divide realism on the basis of divergent assumptions has so far been overlooked. In this article I argue that realism can be split into two competing branches by revealing latent divisions regarding a series of assumptions about state behavior. The first branch is Kenneth Waltz's well-known neorealist theory; a second branch, termed here “postclassical realism,” has yet to be delineated as a major alternative but corresponds with a number of realist analyses that cohere with one another and are incompatible with Waltzian neorealism.
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Kegley, Charles W. "Neo-Idealism: A Practical Matter." Ethics & International Affairs 2 (March 1988): 173–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.1988.tb00534.x.

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The classical realist world view places moral standards subservient to the power concerns of international actors. Realists did not make this valuation without some hesitation, as the issue of morality was addressed with seriousness and concern. The neo-realist thinking of today embraces with less hesitation the ultimate conclusion of the realist premises: statesmen never act according to moral precepts, thus such concerns need not be addressed by a political theory. Kegly argues the neo-idealist position that opposes this empirical observation: states consistently act according to values that are based on more than power concerns. Kegley's primary intent is to show that neo-realism ignores factors that influence international actors, and that a theory is needed that expands the notion of self-interest to include the moral sphere.
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Hwang, Hyeryung. "Revisiting the Realism/Modernism Debate: Marxist Thought and the Ethics of Representation." Criticism and Theory Society of Korea 29, no. 1 (February 29, 2024): 293–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.19116/theory.2024.29.1.293.

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In Utopian Generations: The Political Horizon of Twentieth-Century Literature (2005), Nicholas Brown remarks on the difference between realism and modernism as one that expresses a conflict between “a responsibility to historical truth” and “a fidelity to the formal energies released by the emergence of a form of subjectivity liberated (or alienated) from historical consciousness” (182). This raises several issues that might be useful for us to develop since, despite the emergence of diverse critical lines of thought since the development of postwar critical theory, realism and modernism have continued to affect the intricately interconnected modes of philosophical and political attitudes towards the relation between aesthetics and politics. Marxist thinkers, Georg Lukács, Theodor Adorno, and Fredric Jameson, among others, explored the dichotomy of realism and modernism in terms of the dialectic of form and content. While they shared that there is an essentially inextricable relationship between literature and the underlying contradictions of our society, how they described the aesthetic expression of social contradictions was distinct, leaving the important question unanswered: “what does it mean to be ‘real’?” In this paper, I revisit the realism-modernism debate to explore this fundamental antagonism to see how these thinkers help clarify the following issues: what is realist form, and what are its features? How does realism negotiate the history of aesthetic forms? Are “formal energies,” as Brown puts it, by themselves an attempt to be free of “historical consciousness” or ones that, as form, highlight historical consciousness? And finally, how does realist form make political action possible? These questions also help us see what it means that the aesthetic choices of an older realism have been persistently replicated after modernism in the global periphery.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Realist theory"

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Mathews, Peter David 1975. "Strategies of realism : realist fiction and postmodern theory." Monash University, Centre for Comparative Literature and Cultural Studies, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8656.

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Kent, Samuel. "On Revolution and Realism: A Structural Realist Theory of Revolution." Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2993.

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Thesis advisor: Paul Christensen
Revolutions have been a neglected subject in Structural Realism. Nevertheless, they have profound impacts in the International System, ranging from immediate state-unit behavior deviation to long-term altering of the balance of power. Revolutions can be explained within the Structural Realist paradigm as a structural contradiction between state and society that depresses state capabilities, allowing it to succumb to intra-territorial competition. Accordingly, revolution can be considered a mechanism for reconstituting state-unit power
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Political Science Honors Program
Discipline: Political Science
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Williams, Bernard C. "A realist theory of auditing." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233557.

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Nunez, Iskra. "Critical realist activity theory (CRAT)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020004/.

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This thesis develops a theoretical-interpretive scheme, a Critical Realist Activity Theory (CRAT). It is argued that learning is a passage through the dialectic, the logic of emancipation and for self-emancipation. The structure of CRAT follows the 1M-5A Bhaskarian dialectical schema to show how the theories of Collaborative Learning, Cooperative Learning, Supplemental Instruction, and Activity Theory (AT) function in a pluralist sense to account for the main critical realist categories of reality — 1M: learning as product (non-identity), 2E: learning as process (negativity), 3L: learning as process-in-product (totality), 4D: learning as product-in-process (transformative agency), and 5A: learning as emancipatory intentionality (reflexivity). In particular, CRAT engages the basic tenets of Critical Realism to provide a philosophical foundation and simultaneously, a resolution to various dualisms that AT suffers from. An immanent critique of AT, as a method of argumentation, is particularly effective for this purpose since it involves taking a theory and its claims about the world and using them to show that the theory is inconsistent with itself. Then CRAT goes on to show, at the level of omissive critique, that a key element that is absent from the historical development of the activity-theoretical approach and explains its dualisms is the omission of a critique of empiricism, i.e., a critique of Humean philosophy. Thereafter, CRAT goes on from the immanent and omissive critiques, a step further with an explanatory critique as a means by which to reincorporate the absent element in AT in order to reclaim and strengthen our perception of emancipatory human praxis. The result from cementing this tradition in a critical realist philosophy is a move through dialectical learning.
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Minto, William Richmond. "Foundations for a realist theory of causality." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ28507.pdf.

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Kalf, Wouter Floris. "Moral error theory : a cognitivist realist defence." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5499/.

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This dissertation argues that moral error theory is the most plausible metaethical theory if we assume the truth of cognitivism about moral judgments and the moral statements that express them. According to moral error theory, various moral statements carry a non-negotiable commitment to a robust kind of categorical moral normativity, which means that this commitment cannot be denied on pains of changing the subject. Unfortunately, there is no such robust categorical moral normativity, at least not in the actual world. This entails that these moral statements are always untrue, or ‘in error’. In arguing for moral error theory, the thesis first argues that the standard argumentative strategy for establishing moral discourse’s non-negotiable commitment—viz., forging a relation of conceptual entailment between moral statements and the statement that there exists robust categorical moral normativity—is highly problematic. It also argues that forging a presupposition relation can work, but that error theorists are best advised to pursue a completely new strategy, which uses a relation of metaphysical entailment. The dissertation then argues that moral discourse metaphysically entails robust moral categorical normativity and proceeds to present a new argument against its existence. According to this argument, various sorts of hypothetical and categorical normativity exist because these can be grounded in a naturalistically respectable metaphysic; unfortunately, categorical moral normativity cannot be so grounded. Finally, the dissertation explores an often ignored answer to the following question: what (prudentially) should we with our error-riddled moral discourse? I argue for revolutionary cognitivism. This is the view that we should continue to use moral language and fully believe what we say but that what we say should be purged of its error. We should revolutionize our moral thought and start to conceive of morality’s normativity in a less robust way than we currently do.
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Kireyev, Sergey. "GEORGE LISKA'S REALIST ALLIANCE THEORY, AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF NATO." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3159.

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In many aspects, political theory forms a subjective structure of this abstract science. Perhaps, it is due to the fact that unlike natural sciences or mathematics, social sciences often lack the privilege of testing the theories in absolute and unadulterated conditions. Nonetheless, such nature of the science allows for a certain degree of flexibility, when applying political theories to real-world phenomena. Alliances and coalitions in international relations form the backbone of the theory, concerning IR scholars with two main questions: Why do alliances and coalitions form? And, what keeps alliances and coalitions together? As the core of my research, I examined NATO, as the most prominent and long-lasting alliance of our time, through the prism of alliance formation and cohesion theory introduced by George Liska. In particular, I explored the evolution of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization over the term of its existence, and sought to determine whether Liska's principles still apply to the contemporary situation, and in particular, how may the variables have altered the application of this scholar's theory to our future understanding of alliances. In its essence, this is a comparative study of the same alliance during the different stages of its existence. In particular, the comparison dissects such aspects of alliance theory as alignment, alliance formation, efficacy, and reasons for possible dissolution. As a result, the study led to a conclusion, that despite the permutations around and within NATO, the basic realist principles that may explain the mechanism of this alliance's formation and cohesion still apply to the contemporary organization.
M.A.
Department of Political Science
Arts and Sciences
Political Science
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Sundman, Hugo. "David Miller's Theory of Immigration: A Realist Critique." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-392273.

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This study examines the coherency of David Miller’s immigration argument in favour of a state regulated immigration policy. It is an internal critique where Miller’s empirical understanding of immigration is questioned by an empirical analysis using external concepts taken from the substantive realist thinker’s Bonnie Honig and Marc Stears as well as Raymond Geuss. From Honig and Stears the theoretical tool of framing “the real” is used to claim that there are many national identity narratives. According to Clara Sandelind’s empirical research institutional narratives are more compatible with immigration than cultural ones. Miller on the other hand asserts that a liberal national identity that is culturally based is compatible with regulated immigration. Then according to the analysis with the second theoretical tool self-interest, which assumes a strife for power and security, the alleged problem of Miller’s theory is that it underestimates the conflict between national identity and immigration. The vertical relationship of power between insiders and immigrants gives insiders a national self-interest to exclude outsiders in order to preserve their national privilege. Miller’s conception of a quite allowing immigration policy therefore does not cohere with a more realistic interpretation of the political reality.
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Birkett, Holly. "Identity transitions : towards a critical realist theory of identity." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/44047/.

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This thesis explores the relationship between paid employment and individual identity. It aims to understand how paid employment impacts identity. In order to do so, the thesis focuses on work transitions; times when people relinquish one working identity and potentially acquire other forms of identity. As such, these transitions are also viewed as identity transitions. The thesis is split into two major sections. First, there is a review of the current Organization Studies literature on individual identity, which provides a critique of the current dominant perspectives on identity: Social Identity Theory, which focuses on group membership and role identification; narrative approaches to identity, which focus on reflexive processes and the agency involved in developing a coherent story of self during times of change; and, finally, discursive theories of identity which focus on the dominant discourses in society and their role in creating individual identity. Each of these approaches is discussed, their strengths are highlighted and their weaknesses explained. This critical review of the literature leads me to conclude that the current literature on identity has a tendency to under-theorize and under-explain the role of social structure, and capital resources in particular, on identity over time. This is a problem as it means that the current explanations we have for working identity and identity transitions exaggerate agency, the role of group membership or cultural discourses and, therefore, only offer a partial explanation of identity transitions. This research aims to demonstrate the crucial role of capital resources (Bourdieu: 1986) in identity transitions, thus highlighting the role of social structures. Secondly, the research examines the relationship between structure, agency and discourse in identity transitions by exploring the interaction between capital resources, narratives and reflexivity and discourse during two different identity transitions. The thesis therefore makes a number of contributions to knowledge. Firstly, it clearly critiques the current literature on identity and identity transition. Secondly, it identifies and examines the missing link in the current literature in terms of a systematic conceptualization of the role of social structure, using Bourdieu‘s concept of capital resources. Thirdly, the thesis begins to develop a new approach to identity which incorporates social structure and theorizes the relationship between social structure, agency and discourse in identity development. This approach is informed by Margaret Archer‘s morphogenetic approach (1995) and Bourdieu‘s (1986) concept of capital resources. The final substantive contribution this thesis offers is an empirical one. The thesis presents rich empirical data about two very different work transitions, retirement and downshifting, which see the respondents undergoing different forms of identity transition. This empirical data particularly adds to the literature in the downshifting case by exploring an under-researched transition. The thesis is also novel in that it explores career transitions from an identity perspective and offers extensive qualitative data on individual work and identity transitions. Finally, the empirical chapters of this thesis allow me to examine the utility of the approach to identity transitions, which I develop in this thesis, which explicitly recognizes the role of social structures. Thus, the empirical data helps to refine this approach for use in future research on identity transitions.
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François, Any Marie-Gérard. "Value as part of reality : an internal realist response to non-cognitivism in ethics." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61116.

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The possibility of considering the ethical domain as cognitive is a principal concern of contemporary moral philosophy. Following an analysis of Hilary Putnam's internal realism, I discuss how our usual conceptions of truth and factuality should be modified in order to render philosophical discourse free of the fact/value distinction. I then present a response to Gilbert Harman's argument for non-cognitivism in ethics and argue that, within an internal realism that incorporates such modified conceptions, the non-cognitive argument no longer carriers any weight.
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Books on the topic "Realist theory"

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1948-, Carter Bob, and New Caroline 1946-, eds. Making realism work: Realist social theory and empirical research. New York: Routledge, 2004.

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Bhaskar, Roy. A realist theory of science. New York: Routledge, 2008.

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Bhaskar, Roy. A realist theory of science. London: Verso, 2008.

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Bhaskar, Roy. A realist theory of science. New York: Routledge, 2008.

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Archer, Margaret Scotford. Realist social theory: Morphogenetic approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

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Williams, Bernard C. A realist theory of auditing. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1988.

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A realist theory of science. London: Verso, 2008.

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Realist constructivism: Rethinking international relations theory. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Realist social theory: The morphogenetic approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

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Hammond, Albert L. Theory of knowledge: A direct realist approach. Lanham, Md: University Press of America, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Realist theory"

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Schmidt, Brian C. "Realist International Theory and the Military." In Handbook of Military Sciences, 1–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02866-4_103-1.

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AbstractRealism is generally seen as one of the most influential theories of international politics. Military and foreign policy officials adhere to the apparent timeless insights of realism. They stress the importance of power, especially military power, and the need to ensure the survival and security of the state. Ontologically, realism depicts a hostile world of power-seeking states. Some realists explain this in terms of human nature while others emphasize the anarchical structure of international politics. The chapter begins with a brief overview of the development of realist theory from Thucydides, who was an Athenian military official, to the present day. The next section explains the various epistemological, methodological, and ontological positions that realists hold. Next, the common elements that comprise the essence of realism will be identified: rationality, statism, survival, and self-help (the three S’s). In the third section, the differences between two variants of realist theory, classical and structural realism, are explained. In the conclusion the timeless wisdom of realism is revisited by considering the rise of China and the implications this has for international order.
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Jørgensen, KnudErik. "The Realist Tradition." In International Relations Theory, 88–112. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-60447-7_5.

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Jørgensen, Knud Erik. "The Realist Tradition." In International Relations Theory, 78–101. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-36694-7_5.

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Marchal, Bruno, Guy Kegels, and Sara Van Belle. "Theory and Realist Methods." In Doing Realist Research, 79–90. 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781526451729.n6.

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Snooks, Graeme Donald. "A Realist Dynamic Theory." In Longrun Dynamics, 12–21. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230599390_2.

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Mukhopadhyay, Amartya. "Game Theory or the Theory of Interdependent Decisions in IR." In Realist Paradigm of International Relations, 219–45. London: Routledge India, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003451167-9.

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Döring, Andreas. "Topos Theory and ‘Neo-Realist’ Quantum Theory." In Quantum Field Theory, 25–47. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8736-5_2.

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Turner, J. E. "A Realist Theory of Time." In A Theory of Direct Realism, 232–52. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003397748-18.

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Scambler, Graham. "A Critical Realist Frame." In A Critical Realist Theory of Sport, 43–66. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003157106-3.

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Burchill, Scott. "Conventional Perspectives: Realist Approaches." In The National Interest in International Relations Theory, 31–62. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230005778_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Realist theory"

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Alperen, Ümit, and Ahmet Günay. "Trade Expectations Theory and China’s Rising: Towards a Peaceful Future?" In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00907.

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Since mid-1990, it has been discussed that China’s economic rise would affect political space. There are some worries that the “rejuvenation” of China as economic, politic, geo-strategic power could challenge to the current international system. Hence this rising has been called “China threat theory” and it could cause a conflict in international system. According to realist school, China’s peaceful rise is almost impossible, so China will threat to the current international system and clash with hegemonic power. They also provide some empirical evidence from history. On the other hand, Liberals expresses that trade provides valuable benefits to any particular states. So, China as a dependent state should avoid from war or conflict, since peaceful trading gives it all the benefits of close ties without any of the costs and risks of war. This paper attempts to examine ‘China’s peaceful rise’ based on interdependence and trade expectations theory within the context of international political economy. To analyze whether China threat or not to the world, we have to know the relationship between economic and politics. Trade expectations theory could explain the rise of China with establishes bridge between incompetence of realist and liberal theories. According to trade expectations theory, the rise of China will be peaceful because of China’s expectations as economically are positive. For this reason, China as a rational actor chooses win-win without risk instead of win-lose or lose-lose. If China’s expectations turn into negative in future, its policies could change from cooperation to conflict.
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"Towards a Realist Theory of Market Sector Housing Production: questionnaire evidence of house-builder behaviour." In 10th European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 2003. ERES, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2003_292.

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Rahman, Haji, and Mehtab Hameed. "Teaching and Learning with Smartphone: Qualitative Explorative Study from Pakistan." In Fourth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head18.2018.8015.

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This paper investigates the perceptions of teachers and students about using smartphone for teaching and learning practices in private sector universities of Islamabad through cross-sectional based qualitative explorative study. Focus group interviews were conducted from teachers and students through self-selection sampling technique. Current study is guided by Grounded Theory for which semi-structured questionnaire was adopted and modified. The results suggested two categories of teachers, Realistic and Idealistic. Realist teachers believe that they have to follow and act according to principles of reality that prevailes on ground. Idealist teachers believe that their job is to enlarge the intellectual capacity of students with focus on cognitive development rather vocational training. To sum up, integration of modern technologies like smartphone in higher education stimulates to adopt creative and innovative ways for teaching and learning practices because of its bilateral, media-rich and knowledge sharing nature thus necessary for gaining competitive advantage. Few restrictions were faced by researchers. The study is limited to city of Islamabad only. A practical implication of this study along with few recommendations for future research is also given. Keywords:Teaching; learning; smartphone; perceptions; private universities.
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Zhu, Gang. "Understanding ESL Preservice Teachers' Metaphorical Epistemology in the Teaching Practicum Context: Insights From Social Realist Theory and Practice Architectures." In 2022 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1886250.

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Larsson, Jan-Åke, and Andrei Yu Khrennikov. "Energy-time entanglement, Elements of Reality, and Local Realism." In QUANTUM THEORY: Reconsideration of Foundations—5. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3431481.

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Madsen, Claus. "Challenges of Visually Realistic Augmented Reality." In 15th International Conference on Computer Graphics Theory and Applications. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009171303760383.

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"Perceptual Evaluation of Photo-realism in Real-time 3D Augmented Reality." In International Conference on Computer Graphics Theory and Applications. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004683203770386.

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Marfia, Gustavo, Marco Roccetti, and Alessandro Amoroso. "From theory to reality." In the 7th Asian Internet Engineering Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2089016.2089024.

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Karcı, Ahenk, and Ayşe Kalaycı Önaç. "Evaluation of User Experience of Indoor Display in Virtual Reality (VR)." In 7th International Students Science Congress. Izmir International guest Students Association, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2023.052.

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Housing is one of the most essential needs of humanity since the beginning of existence. The discipline of architecture has emerged and developed based on this need and has continued to evolve with the advancement of civilization and technology. When looking at the history of architecture, it can be seen that the visualization of architectural design has a long history. Nowadays, with the parallel development of computer technologies, architectural visualization techniques have also greatly advanced. Virtual reality (VR) technology is used in many sectors such as education, health, and entertainment today. The discipline of architecture enables designers to visualize their designs in a realistic way. Especially in the architecture field, where isualization is very important, the use of this technology is crucial in increasing the realism of the user's experience in the design phase. VR is a developing and wide-spreading technology in the field of architecture these days. Although there are studies on this subject in literature, studies which are examining the effect of VR technology in architectural visuals on people's sense of reality and feelings about the VR experience are limited. The aim of this study is to help fill the gap in this subject of iterature. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the experience and reality sense of architectural design visuals’ aterials, light and shadow, outdoor view, indoor plants, furniture, objects, and participants’ feelings of provide through the use of virtual reality (VR). In this context, the use of VR technology in architecture was examined first. Later, a three-dimensional interior space environment designed was visualized using computer techniques and experienced by users through a VR headset. In the study, the participant's feelings about the VR experience and their thoughts on the realism of the experience were revealed through the prepared survey questions.
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Karcı, Ahenk, and Ayşe Kalaycı Önaç. "Evaluation of User Experience of Indoor Display in Virtual Reality (VR)." In 7th International Students Science Congress. Izmir International guest Students Association, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2023.052.

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Housing is one of the most essential needs of humanity since the beginning of existence. The discipline of architecture has emerged and developed based on this need and has continued to evolve with the advancement of civilization and technology. When looking at the history of architecture, it can be seen that the visualization of architectural design has a long history. Nowadays, with the parallel development of computer technologies, architectural visualization techniques have also greatly advanced. Virtual reality (VR) technology is used in many sectors such as education, health, and entertainment today. The discipline of architecture enables designers to visualize their designs in a realistic way. Especially in the architecture field, where isualization is very important, the use of this technology is crucial in increasing the realism of the user's experience in the design phase. VR is a developing and wide-spreading technology in the field of architecture these days. Although there are studies on this subject in literature, studies which are examining the effect of VR technology in architectural visuals on people's sense of reality and feelings about the VR experience are limited. The aim of this study is to help fill the gap in this subject of iterature. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the experience and reality sense of architectural design visuals’ aterials, light and shadow, outdoor view, indoor plants, furniture, objects, and participants’ feelings of provide through the use of virtual reality (VR). In this context, the use of VR technology in architecture was examined first. Later, a three-dimensional interior space environment designed was visualized using computer techniques and experienced by users through a VR headset. In the study, the participant's feelings about the VR experience and their thoughts on the realism of the experience were revealed through the prepared survey questions.
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Reports on the topic "Realist theory"

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Snyder, Claire, Christina T. Yuan, Renee F. Wilson, Katherine Smith, Youngjee Choi, Paul C. Nathan, Allen Zhang, and Karen A. Robinson. Models of Care That Include Primary Care for Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Realist Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcrealistmodelsofcare.

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Objectives. We had two aims: (1) identify and analyze models of survivorship care for adult survivors of childhood cancer that include primary care, and (2) identify available tools, training, and other resources for adult survivors of childhood cancer. Methods. For each aim, we used realist synthesis to provide insights on how and for whom, in what contexts, and via what mechanisms the models of care and resources we identified can be effective for adult survivors of childhood cancer. We developed an initial program theory through searches of the literature and discussions with Stakeholders. We then identified and summarized quantitative evidence that supported or refuted the theory and developed specific hypotheses about how contexts and mechanisms may interact to produce outcomes (i.e., “CMO” hypotheses). The final program theory and CMO hypotheses were presented to Stakeholders for feedback. Results. Our final refined theory describes how, within the overall environment, survivor and provider characteristics and facilitators/barriers interact to produce intermediate and final outcomes. We focus on the role of models of care and resources (e.g., care plans) in these interactions. The program theory variables seen most consistently in the literature include oncology care versus primary care, survivor and provider knowledge (i.e., survivor risks and needs), provider comfort treating childhood cancer survivors, communication and coordination between and among providers and survivors, and delivery/receipt of prevention and surveillance of late effects of original cancer treatment. In turn, these variables played the most prominent role in the seven CMO hypotheses (4 focused on survivors and 3 focused on providers) regarding what works for whom and in what circumstances. Conclusions. To enable models of care that include primary care for adult survivors of childhood cancer, there needs to be communication of knowledge to both survivors and primary care providers. Our program theory provides guidance on the ways this knowledge could be shared, including the role of resources in doing so, and our CMO hypotheses suggest how the relationships illustrated in our theory could be associated with survivors living longer and feeling better through high-value care.
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Apgar, Marina, Mieke Snijder, Pedro Prieto Martin, Giel Ton, Shona Macleod, Shanta Kakri, and Sukanta Paul. Designing Contribution Analysis of Participatory Programming to Tackle the Worst Forms of Child Labour. Institute of Development Studies, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2022.003.

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This Research and Evidence Paper presents the theory-based and participatory evaluation design of the Child Labour: Action-Research- Innovation in South and South-Eastern Asia (CLARISSA) programme. The evaluation is embedded in emergent Participatory Action Research with children and other stakeholders to address the drivers of the worst forms of child labour (WFCL). The report describes the use of contribution analysis as an overarching approach, with its emphasis on crafting, nesting and iteratively reflecting on causal theories of change. It illustrates how hierarchically-nested impact pathways lead to specific evaluation questions and mixing different evaluation methods in response to these questions, critical assumptions, and agreement on causal mechanisms to be examined in depth. It also illustrates how realist evaluation can be combined with contribution analysis to deeply investigate specific causal links in the theory of change. It reflects on learning from the use of causal hotspots as a vehicle for mixing methods. It offers considerations on how to navigate relationships and operational trade-offs in making methodological choices to build robust and credible evidence on how, for whom, and under what conditions participatory programming can work to address complex problems such as child labour.
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Tanzi, Vito. Fiscal Policy: When Theory Collides with Reality. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011031.

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This paper sketches the outline of "Theory of Fiscal Policy" in its most essential elements and outlines the assumptions implicit in it. It then argues that the reality can be far removed from this theory, at least in some countries.
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Eberhard, P. H. A realistic model for quantum theory with a locality property. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6201536.

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Berglund, P., J. Ellis, and A. E. Faraggi. Toward the M(F)-theory embedding of realistic free-fermion models. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/604320.

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Oleksiuk, Vasyl P., and Olesia R. Oleksiuk. Exploring the potential of augmented reality for teaching school computer science. [б. в.], November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4404.

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The article analyzes the phenomenon of augmented reality (AR) in education. AR is a new technology that complements the real world with the help of computer data. Such content is tied to specific locations or activities. Over the last few years, AR applications have become available on mobile devices. AR becomes available in the media (news, entertainment, sports). It is starting to enter other areas of life (such as e-commerce, travel, marketing). But education has the biggest impact on AR. Based on the analysis of scientific publications, the authors explored the possibilities of using augmented reality in education. They identified means of augmented reality for teaching computer science at school. Such programs and services allow students to observe the operation of computer systems when changing their parameters. Students can also modify computer hardware for augmented reality objects and visualize algorithms and data processes. The article describes the content of author training for practicing teachers. At this event, some applications for training in AR technology were considered. The possibilities of working with augmented reality objects in computer science training are singled out. It is shown that the use of augmented reality provides an opportunity to increase the realism of research; provides emotional and cognitive experience. This all contributes to engaging students in systematic learning; creates new opportunities for collaborative learning, develops new representations of real objects.
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Lobdell, III, and Harrison. Division Command Interviews: Do They Reflect Reality? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada209581.

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Author, Not Given. Tribal Energy Program, Assisting Tribes to Realize Their Energy Visions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1087196.

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Petrunoff, Nick, Amanda Dominello, Ally Hamer, Liz King, Nikki Woolley, and Sian Rudge. Strategies to increase shade in public playgrounds: A realist review. The Sax Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/ssdy7898.

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Australia has one of the highest skin cancer incidences globally. Quality shade, which is a well-designed and correctly positioned combination of natural and built shade, can reduce solar ultraviolet radiation exposure by up to 75%. Existing shade in playgrounds in NSW was benchmarked in 2020-2021; this demonstrated a clear need for improvements to be made. This realist review sought to find evidence of shade targets and other complex strategies to increase shade in playgrounds. Fifty-nine documents (31 peer reviewed and 28 grey literature) contributed data to address the evidence review questions. Twenty-five examples of strategies, with a description of their implementation and/or reporting of outcomes, used to increase shade in playgrounds were located. Six types of strategies were identified: policies, guidelines and recommendations; settings-based site audits and site plans; city-level tree and shade site masterplan; monetary incentives; targets and other metrics; and multi-component interventions. For the strategies themselves, the review found evidence of intermediate changes such as the adoption of the strategy, but a lack of evidence of strategies leading to increased shade in playgrounds. Five enablers, five barriers and one barrier/enabler to the implementation of strategies to increase shade in playground were found in the literature. Expert opinion from reviews suggests that shade provision for skin cancer prevention is best affected through integration with other policies.
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Storm, Servaas. Tilting at Windmills: Bernanke and Blanchard’s Obsession with the Wage-Price Spiral. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp220.

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Bernanke and Blanchard (2023) use a simple dynamic New Keynesian model of wage-price determination to explain the sharp acceleration in U.S. inflation during 2021-2023. They claim their model closely tracks the pandemic-era inflation and they confidently conclude that “… we don’t think that the recent experience justifies throwing out existing models of wage-price dynamics.” This paper argues that this confidence is misplaced. The Bernanke and Blanchard is another failed attempt to salvage establishment macroeconomics after the massive onslaught of adverse inflationary circumstances with which it could evidently not contend. It misrepresents American economic reality, hides distributional issues from view, de-politicizes (monetary and fiscal) policy-making, and sets monetary policymakers up to deliver significantly more monetary tightening than can be justified on the basis of more realistic model analyses
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