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Sivokon, V. P., and D. V. Lapshov. "SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO TECHNOLOGY IN THE TASKS OF RADIONOISE CONTROL." Bulletin оf Kamchatka State Technical University, no. 58 (2021): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17217/2079-0333-2021-58-17-28.
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The article is dedicated to study of the atmospheric noise properties in the range of intermediate and decameter waves in the Western Bering Sea zone, where such observations were not carried out earlier. Since it is impossible to use the radio equipment of ships for such measurements, we used devices using the technology of software-defined radio systems. The measurements were carried out along the coast of Kamchatka and made it possible to establish the characteristic temporal, spatial and frequency variations in the parameters of atmospheric noise. It was found that the radio noise intensity distributions proposed due the recommendations of the International Telecommunication Union differ significantly from the real ones. The obtained data analysis showed the possibility of realizing a decameter range of circumpolar latitudes, unfavorable for radio engineering systems – a sharp increase in the intensity of radio noise due to the coincidence in time of several thunderstorm activity foci and a simultaneous decrease in absorption in the ionosphere.
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Duarte, Luis, Rodolfo Gomes, Carlos Ribeiro, and Rafael F. S. Caldeirinha. "A Software-Defined Radio for Future Wireless Communication Systems at 60 GHz." Electronics 8, no. 12 (December 6, 2019): 1490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121490.
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This paper reports on a complete end-to-end 5G mmWave testbed fully reconfigurable based on a FPGA architecture. The proposed system is composed of a baseband/low-IF processing unit, and a mmWave RF front-end at both TX/RX ends. In particular, the baseband unit design is based on a typical agile digital IF architecture, enabling on-the-fly modulations up to 256-QAM. The real-time 5G mmWave testbed, herein presented, adopts OFDM as the transmission scheme waveform, which was assessed OTA by considering the key performance indicators, namely EVM and BER. A detailed overview of system architecture is addressed together with the hardware considerations taken into account for the mmWave testbed development. Following this, it is demonstrated that the proposed testbed enables real-time multi-stream transmissions of UHD video content captured by nine individual cameras, which is in fact one of the killing applications for 5G.
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Radu, Florin, Petru A. Cotfas, Marian Alexandru, Titus C. Bălan, Vlad Popescu, and Daniel T. Cotfas. "Signals Intelligence System with Software-Defined Radio." Applied Sciences 13, no. 8 (April 21, 2023): 5199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13085199.
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In this paper, we present the implementation of a system that identifies the modulation of complex radio signals. This is realized using an artificial intelligence model developed, trained, and integrated with Microsoft Azure cloud. We consider that cloud-based platforms offer enough flexibility and processing power to use them instead of conventional computers for signal processing based on artificial intelligence. We tested the implementation using a software-defined radio platform developed in GNU Radio that generates and receives real modulated signals. This process ensures that the solution proposed is viable to be used in real signal processing systems. The results obtained show that for certain modulation types, the identification is performed with a high degree of success. The use of a cloud-based platform allows quick access to the system. The user is able to identify the signal modulation using only a laptop that has access to the internet.
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Bargarai, Faiq A. Mohammed, Adnan Mohsin Abdulazeez, Volkan Müjdat Tiryaki, and Diyar Qader Zeebaree. "Management of Wireless Communication Systems Using Artificial Intelligence-Based Software Defined Radio." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 14, no. 13 (August 14, 2020): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v14i13.14211.
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The wireless communication system was investigated by novel methods, which produce an optimized data link, especially the software-based methods. Software-Defined Radio (SDR) is a common method for developing and implementing wireless communication protocols. In this paper, SDR and artificial intelligence (AI) are used to design a self-management communication system with variable node locations. Three affected parameters for the wireless signal are considered: channel frequency, bandwidth, and modulation type. On one hand, SDR collects and analyzes the signal components while on the other hand, AI processes the situation in real-time sequence after detecting unwanted data during the monitoring stage. The decision was integrated into the system by AI with respect to the instantaneous data read then passed to the communication nodes to take its correct location. The connectivity ratio and coverage area are optimized nearly double by the proposed method, which means the variable node location, according to the peak time, increases the attached subscriber by a while ratio
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Șorecău, Mirela, Emil Șorecău, Annamaria Sârbu, and Paul Bechet. "Real-Time Statistical Measurement of Wideband Signals Based on Software Defined Radio Technology." Electronics 12, no. 13 (July 3, 2023): 2920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12132920.
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The increase in channel bandwidth and peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of modern communication standards poses a serious challenge to performing channel power (CP) and complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) measurements in real-time using standard measurement solutions based on spectrum analyzers (SA). Recently, Software Defined Radio (SDR) technology has become a viable alternative to the conventional real-time spectrum monitoring approach based on SA due to its reduced cost. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel, innovative, agile and cost-effective solution to enable both CP and CCDF measurements on a state-of-the-art SDR platform. The proposed solution exploits the ability of the SDR equipment to access signal samples in the time domain and defines both CP and CCDF-type measurements. The two measurement functions are software implemented in GNU Radio by designing customized blocks and integrated into a graphical user interface. The proposed system was first tested and parameterized in a controlled environment using emitted signals specific to the IEEE 802.11ax family of wireless local area networks. After parameterization, the SDR-based system was used for over-the-air measurements of signals emitted in the 4G+, 5G and 802.11ax communication standards. By performing the measurement campaign, we have demonstrated the capabilities of the measurement system in performing real-time measurements on broadband channels (up to 160 MHz for IEEE 802.11ax). Altogether, we have proved the usability of CP and CCDF measurement functions in providing valuable insights into the power distribution characteristics of signals emitted by the latest communication standards. By exploiting the versatility of SDR technology, we have enabled a cost-effective solution for advanced real-time statistical measurements of modern broadband signals.
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Ghiaasi, Golsa, Thomas Blazek, Mehdi Ashury, Rute Ramalho Santos, and Christoph Mecklenbräuker. "Real-Time Emulation of Nonstationary Channels in Safety-Relevant Vehicular Scenarios." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (May 8, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2423837.
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This paper proposes and discusses the architecture for a real-time vehicular channel emulator capable of reproducing the input/output behavior of nonstationary time-variant radio propagation channels in safety-relevant vehicular scenarios. The vehicular channel emulator architecture aims at a hardware implementation which requires minimal hardware complexity for emulating channels with the varying delay-Doppler characteristics of safety-relevant vehicular scenarios. The varying delay-Doppler characteristics require real-time updates to the multipath propagation model for each local stationarity region. The vehicular channel emulator is used for benchmarking the packet error performance of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) vehicular IEEE 802.11p modems and a fully software-defined radio-based IEEE 802.11p modem stack. The packet error ratio (PER) estimated from temporal averaging over a single virtual drive and the packet error probability (PEP) estimated from ensemble averaging over repeated virtual drives are evaluated and compared for the same vehicular scenario. The proposed architecture is realized as a virtual instrument on National Instruments™ LabVIEW. The National Instrument universal software radio peripheral with reconfigurable input-output (USRP-Rio) 2953R is used as the software-defined radio platform for implementation; however, the results and considerations reported are of general purpose and can be applied to other platforms. Finally, we discuss the PER performance of the modem for two categories of vehicular channel models: a vehicular nonstationary channel model derived for urban single lane street crossing scenario of the DRIVEWAY’09 measurement campaign and the stationary ETSI models.
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Abdelkareem, A. E., Saad Mohammed Saleh, and Ammar D. Jasim. "Design and Implementation of an Embedded System for Software Defined Radio." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 6 (December 1, 2017): 3484. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i6.pp3484-3491.
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<p>In this paper, developing high performance software for demanding real-time embedded systems is proposed. This software-based design will enable the software engineers and system architects in emerging technology areas like 5G Wireless and Software Defined Networking (SDN) to build their algorithms. An ADSP-21364 floating point SHARC Digital Signal Processor (DSP) running at 333 MHz is adopted as a platform for an embedded system. To evaluate the proposed embedded system, an implementation of frame, symbol and carrier phase synchronization is presented as an application. Its performance is investigated with an on line Quadrature Phase Shift keying (QPSK) receiver. Obtained results show that the designed software is implemented successfully based on the SHARC DSP which can utilized efficiently for such algorithms. In addition, it is proven that the proposed embedded system is pragmatic and capable of dealing with the memory constraints and critical time issue due to a long length interleaved coded data utilized for channel coding.</p>
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Holtom, Jacob, Andrew Herschfelt, Isabella Lenz, Owen Ma, Hanguang Yu, and Daniel W. Bliss. "WISCANet: A Rapid Development Platform for Beyond 5G and 6G Radio System Prototyping." Signals 3, no. 4 (October 9, 2022): 682–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/signals3040041.
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Validating RF applications is traditionally time consuming, even for relatively simple systems. We developed the WISCA Software-Defined Radio Network (WISCANet) to accelerate the implementation and validation of radio applications over-the-air (OTA). WISCANet is a hardwareagnostic control software that automatically configures and controls a software-defined radio (SDR) network. By abstracting the hardware controls away from the user, WISCANet allows a non-expert user to deploy an OTA application by simply defining a baseband processing chain in a high level language. This technology reduces transition time between system design and OTA deployment, accelerates debugging and validation processes, and makes OTA experimentation more accessible to users that are not radio hardware experts. WISCANet emulates real-time RF operations, enabling users to perform real-time experiments without the typical restrictions on processing speed and hardware capabilities. WISCANet also supports multiple RF front-ends (RFFEs) per compute node, allowing sub-6 and mmWave systems to coexist on the same node. This coexistence enables simultaneous baseband processing that simplifies and enhances advanced algorithms and beyond-5G applications. In this study, we highlight the capabilities of WISCANet in several sub-6 and mmWave over-the-air demonstrations. The open source release of this software may be found on the WISCA GitHub page.
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Stef, Mihai Petru, and Zsolt Alfred Polgar. "Software Platform for the Comprehensive Testing of Transmission Protocols Developed in GNU Radio." Information 15, no. 1 (January 20, 2024): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info15010062.
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With the constant growth of software-defined radio (SDR) technologies in fields related to wireless communications, the need for efficient ways of testing and evaluating the physical-layer (PHY) protocols developed for these technologies in real-life traffic scenarios has become more critical. This paper proposes a software testbed that enhances the creation of network environments that allow GNU radio applications to be fed with test traffic in a simple way and through an interoperable interface. This makes the use of any traffic generator possible—existing ones or one that is custom-built—to evaluate a GNU radio application. In addition, this paper proposes an efficient way to collect PHY-specific monitoring data to improve the performance of the critical components of the message delivery path by employing the protocol buffers library. This study considers the entire testing and evaluation ecosystem and demonstrates how PHY-specific monitoring information is collected, handled, stored, and processed as time series to allow complex visualization and real-time monitoring.
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Restuccia, Francesco, and Tommaso Melodia. "Toward Polymorphic Internet of Things Receivers Through Real-Time Waveform-Level Deep Learning." GetMobile: Mobile Computing and Communications 25, no. 3 (January 7, 2022): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3511285.3511294.
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Wireless systems such as the Internet of Things (IoT) are changing the way we interact with the cyber and the physical world. As IoT systems become more and more pervasive, it is imperative to design wireless protocols that can effectively and efficiently support IoT devices and operations. On the other hand, today's IoT wireless systems are based on inflexible designs, which makes them inefficient and prone to a variety of wireless attacks. In this paper, we introduce the new notion of a deep learning-based polymorphic IoT receiver, able to reconfigure its waveform demodulation strategy itself in real time, based on the inferred waveform parameters. Our key innovation is the introduction of a novel embedded deep learning architecture that enables the solution of waveform inference problems, which is then integrated into a generalized hardware/software architecture with radio components and signal processing. Our polymorphic wireless receiver is prototyped on a custom-made software-defined radio platform. We show through extensive over-the-air experiments that the system achieves throughput within 87% of a perfect-knowledge Oracle system, thus demonstrating for the first time that polymorphic receivers are feasible.
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ZHU, Xiao-Min, and Pei-Zhong LU. "Scheduling of Real-Time Signal Processing in Cluster-Based Software Radio Systems." Journal of Software 20, no. 3 (March 20, 2009): 766–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1001.2009.03313.
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Küçük, Kerem. "2.4 GHz Real-Time Prototyping Tool for OFDM Channel Estimation using USRP2 and LabVIEW." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 28, no. 14 (March 6, 2019): 1950236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126619502360.
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Wireless local area networks (WLANs) are currently playing an important role in serving the indoor traffic demand. Therefore, there is a need for software-defined radio platforms (SDRs) that can enable the solutions used in these systems to be tested in real environments as well as simulated results. In this paper, we present the SDR-based wireless receiver platform for determining the real-time WLANs performance and provide the comparison of the different channel estimation methods for IEEE 802.11g based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) operations. The implementation of the receiver comprises the universal software radio peripheral and National Instruments LabVIEW. To determine the real-time receiver tool performance, we emphasized necessary signal processing techniques and different channel estimation methods with varying experimental parameters in real wireless environments. Experimental results report that the SDR-based receiver tool with the LabVIEW in real-time provides the throughput of the OFDM wireless network. The captured throughput performance concerning frame error rate by the receiver is also scrutinized with different channel estimation methods.
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Aboltins, Arturs, and Nikolajs Tihomorskis. "Software-Defined Radio Implementation and Performance Evaluation of Frequency-Modulated Antipodal Chaos Shift Keying Communication System." Electronics 12, no. 5 (March 4, 2023): 1240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12051240.
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This paper is devoted to software-defined radio (SDR) implementation of frequency modulated antipodal chaos shift keying (FM-ACSK) transceiver and presents results of prototype testing in real conditions. This novel and perspective class of spread-spectrum communication systems employs chaotic synchronization for the acquisition and tracking of the analog chaotic spreading code and does not need resource-demanding cross-correlation. The main motivation of the given work is to assess the performance of FM-ACSK in real conditions and demonstrate that chaotic synchronization can be considered an efficient spread-spectrum demodulation method. The work focuses on the real-time implementation aspects of the modulation-demodulation algorithms, forward error correction (FEC) and symbol timing synchronization approach in MATLAB Simulink. The performance of the presented prototype is assessed via extensive testing, which includes measurement of bit error ratio (BER) in single-user and multi-user scenarios, estimation of carrier frequency offset (CFO) impact and image transmission over-the-air between two independent sites and comparison with classical frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS). The paper shows that the presented class of the spread spectrum communication systems demonstrates good performance in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions and in terms of BER significantly outperforms the classic spread-spectrum modulation schemes which employ correlation-based detection.
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Cadena Muñoz, Ernesto, Luis Fernando Pedraza Martínez, and Cesar Augusto Hernandez. "Rényi Entropy-Based Spectrum Sensing in Mobile Cognitive Radio Networks Using Software Defined Radio." Entropy 22, no. 6 (June 6, 2020): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22060626.
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A very important task in Mobile Cognitive Radio Networks (MCRN) is to ensure that the system releases a given frequency when a Primary User (PU) is present, by maintaining the principle to not interfere with its activity within a cognitive radio system. Afterwards, a cognitive protocol must be set in order to change to another frequency channel that is available or shut down the service if there are no free channels to be found. The system must sense the frequency spectrum constantly through the energy detection method which is the most commonly used. However, this analysis takes place in the time domain and signals cannot be easily identified due to changes in modulation, power and distance from mobile users. The proposed system works with Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) for systems from Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) to 5G systems, the signals are analyzed in the frequency domain and the Rényi-Entropy method is used as a tool to distinguish the noise and the PU signal without prior knowledge of its features. The main contribution of this research is that uses a Software Defined Radio (SDR) system to implement a MCRN in order to measure the behavior of Primary and Secondary signals in both time and frequency using GNURadio and OpenBTS as software tools to allow a phone call service between two Secondary Users (SU). This allows to extract experimental results that are compared with simulations and theory using Rényi-entropy to detect signals from SU in GMSK and OFDM systems. It is concluded that the Rényi-Entropy detector has a higher performance than the conventional energy detector in the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh channels. The system increases the detection probability (PD) to over 96% with a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of 10dB and starting 5 dB below energy sensing levels.
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Puricer, Kovar, and Barta. "Modernized Solar Radio Spectrograph in the L Band Based on Software Defined Radio." Electronics 8, no. 8 (August 3, 2019): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8080861.
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The paper presents the concept, implementation, and test operation of a modernized solar radio spectrograph for an investigation of the solar emission and solar bursts in radio frequency bands. Besides having a strong diagnostic significance for studying the flare energy release, the solar radio bursts can also cause strong interference for radio communication and navigation systems. The current spectrograph for the Ondrejov observatory (Astronomical Institute of Czech Academy of Sciences) was modernized by using a direct-conversion receiver connected to a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) for the fast Fourier transform (FFT) spectrum estimation and put into the test operation. The higher time and frequency resolution and lower noise in comparison with the existing analog instrument were reached by the implementation of the latest optimal signal processing methods. To reduce the costs for such modernization, the operating frequency range was divided into four sub-bands of bandwidth 250 MHz, which brings another benefit of greater scalability. The first observations obtained by the new spectrograph and their comparison with the analog device are presented in the paper with future steps to put the spectrograph into the regular operation.
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Huang, Yi, Chao Tang, Hong-Liang Duan, Yi-Qing Zhou, Man-Li Qian, and Liang Huang. "Efficient Time Synchronization Approach for Wireless Communication Systems on GPP-Based Software-Defined Radio Platform." Journal of Computer Science and Technology 28, no. 3 (May 2013): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11390-013-1344-2.
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Mazuro, Maciej. "Cooperative spectrum sensing based on data fusion from multiple sensors." Bulletin of the Military University of Technology 72, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.2898.
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The development of technology is progressing in every area of our lives. Each of us has anelectronic device that emits electromagnetic energy. Radiation of radio signals is an essential element ofwireless communication, satellite navigation or real-time monitoring. Modern armies have technologicalsolutions based on wireless technologies that improve operational efficiency, increase situationalawareness and allow us for faster decision making, but at the same time, in the electromagneticspectrum, equipment using electromagnetic energy can be compared to a flashlight ‒ the enemycan observe “glowing” points on the spectrograms and frequency domain images. This enables us toeasy detect and localise the target and then to eliminate it. This is a domain where radio-electronicreconnaissance techniques work well ‒ a type of military reconnaissance that uses the electromagneticspectrum to gather information about the enemy. One of the methods is spectrum sensing, based onthe analysis of received radio signals. Currently, there is a tendency in which information from onesensor is not enough. It is necessary to collect reconnaissance products from many devices, and thento make effective data fusion. DF (Data Fusion) algorithms allow us for cooperative sensing of theelectromagnetic spectrum, which translates into a higher probability of signal detection. It is worthconsidering the introduction of software-defined radio and unmanned aerial vehicle solutions in orderto miniaturise reconnaissance systems and to increase a range through the use of flying platforms.Implementations of unmanned systems and artificial intelligence algorithms, capable of making quickand accurate decisions will help to avoid human losses.Keywords: signal intelligence, unmanned aerial vehicle, software defined radio, data fusion, artificialintelligence
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Santos, Ricardo, Konstantin Koslowski, Julian Daube, Hakim Ghazzai, Andreas Kassler, Kei Sakaguchi, and Thomas Haustein. "mmWave Backhaul Testbed Configurability Using Software-Defined Networking." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (April 8, 2019): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8342167.
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Future mobile data traffic predictions expect a significant increase in user data traffic, requiring new forms of mobile network infrastructures. Fifth generation (5G) communication standards propose the densification of small cell access base stations (BSs) in order to provide multigigabit and low latency connectivity. This densification requires a high capacity backhaul network. Using optical links to connect all the small cells is economically not feasible for large scale radio access networks where multiple BSs are deployed. A wireless backhaul formed by a mesh of millimeter-wave (mmWave) links is an attractive mobile backhaul solution, as flexible wireless (multihop) paths can be formed to interconnect all the access BSs. Moreover, a wireless backhaul allows the dynamic reconfiguration of the backhaul topology to match varying traffic demands or adaptively power on/off small cells for green backhaul operation. However, conducting and precisely controlling reconfiguration experiments over real mmWave multihop networks is a challenging task. In this paper, we develop a Software-Defined Networking (SDN) based approach to enable such a dynamic backhaul reconfiguration and use real-world mmWave equipment to setup a SDN-enabled mmWave testbed to conduct various reconfiguration experiments. In our approach, the SDN control plane is not only responsible for configuring the forwarding plane but also for the link configuration, antenna alignment, and adaptive mesh node power on/off operations. We implement the SDN-based reconfiguration operations in a testbed with four nodes, each equipped with multiple mmWave interfaces that can be mechanically steered to connect to different neighbors. We evaluate the impact of various reconfiguration operations on existing user traffic using a set of extensive testbed measurements. Moreover, we measure the impact of the channel assignment on existing traffic, showing that a setup with an optimal channel assignment between the mesh links can result in a 44% throughput increase, when compared to a suboptimal configuration.
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Diamantopoulos, Dionysios, Kostas Siozios, Sotiris Xydis, and Dimitrios Soudris. "A Systematic Methodology for Reliability Improvements on SoC-Based Software Defined Radio Systems." VLSI Design 2012 (July 17, 2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/784945.
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Shrinking silicon technologies, increasing logic densities and clock frequencies, lead to a rapid elevation in power density. Increased power density results in higher onchip temperature, which creates numerous problems tightly firmed to reliability degradation. Since typical low-power design has been proved inefficient to tackle the temperature increment by itself, device architects are facing the challenge of developing new methodologies to guarantee timing, power, and thermal integrity of the chip. In this paper, we propose a thermal-aware exploration framework targeting temperature hotspots elimination through the efficient exploration of multiple microarchitecture selections over the temperature-area trade-off curve. By carefully planning at design time the resources of the initial microarchitecture that should be replicated, the proposed methodology optimizes the system’s thermal profile and attens on-chip temperature under various design constraints. The introduced framework does not impose any architectural or compiler modification, whereas it is orthogonal to any other thermal-aware methodology. For evaluation purposes, we employ the software-defined radio executed onto a thermal-aware instance of LEON3 processor. Based on experimental results, we found that our methodology leads to an architecture that exhibits temperature reduction of 17 Kelvin degrees, which leads to improvement against aging phenomena about 14%, with a controllable overhead in silicon area about 15%, compared to the initial LEON3 instance.
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Peyrard, Fabrice. "Real-time performance evaluation of Bluetooth ARQ protocol." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 3, no. 4 (December 20, 2007): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v3i4.246.
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These research tasks present a measurement platform of Bluetooth asynchronous links in order to get the intrinsic time constraints of this network and communications protocols. These time measurements are necessary for the application we wish to implement for mobile robot control through Bluetooth link communication. We present the platform as well as the measurement protocol which we have carried out from real-time communicating operating systems. We have developed an application of radio and time data processing allowing a real-time evaluation of the global behavior of the communicating system.
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Chen, Guangming, and Ali Saboonchi. "Implementation of Systems Engineering Approach in Academic Projects: Software Defined Radio Technology Development as a Case Study." Industrial and Systems Engineering Review 4, no. 1 (July 15, 2016): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37266/iser.2016v4i1.pp22-36.
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Each year, federal and private agencies spend billions of dollars on research projects that academic institutions conduct for them. However, the communication language between these agencies as clients and academia as hosts, is not very efficient and well-established. This has resulted in lack of clarity in clients’ description of what exactly to be expected and in hosts’ description of their capabilities and challenges. In addition, many of these projects are essentially interdisciplinary and demand the involvement of diverse research teams from different university departments. Lack of cohesive collaboration among these diverse teams results in mismatches between different compartments of project output, and consequently, generation of superfluous product prototypes. Finally, for their real-time tracking and later retrieval, the current situation of documentation of academic projects needs to be significantly altered. We suggest that the presence of a systems engineering team should be an indispensable part of a large academic research project, in order to monitor and manage the various aspects and phases from initiation to completion.For this purpose, we proposed a systems engineering model specific for academic research projects, which considers both strengths and challenges of universities as host research institutes. As a case study, we applied this proposed systems engineering approach on a NASA-funded project at Morgan State University (MSU) which was about design and implementation of software defined radio (SDR) for space exploration. Application of this model significantly improved the professional dialogue and technical clarifications between NASA and MSU partners, as well as within MSU teams. Moreover, the sub-system compatibility among different modules of the implemented product was notably enhanced. Overall, application of systems engineering approach in academic projects can result in mutual benefits for the institution and either federal or private client.
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Bossi, Luca, Pierluigi Falorni, and Lorenzo Capineri. "Versatile Electronics for Microwave Holographic RADAR Based on Software Defined Radio Technology." Electronics 11, no. 18 (September 12, 2022): 2883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11182883.
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The NATO SPS G-5014 project has shown the possibility of using a holographic RADAR for the detection of anti-personnel mines. To use the RADAR on a robotic scanning system, it must be portable, light, easily integrated with mechanical handling systems and configurable in its operating parameters for optimal performance on different terrains. The novel contribution is to use software programmable electronics to optimize performance and to use a time reference to obtain synchronization between the RADAR samples and the position in space, in order to make it easy to integrate the RADAR on robotic platforms. To achieve these goals we used the Analog Devices “ADALM Pluto” device based on Software Defined Radio technology and a time server. We have obtained a portable system, configurable via software in all its operating parameters and easily integrated on robotic scanning platforms. The paper will show experiments performed on a simulated minefield. The electronics project reported in this work makes holographic RADARs portable and easily reconfigurable, therefore adaptable to different applications from subsurface soil investigations to applications in the field of non-destructive testings.
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Kumarin, A. A., and I. A. Kudryavtsev. "SoC opportunities for boosting SDR GNSS performance." Information Technology and Nanotechnology, no. 2416 (2019): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/1613-0073-2019-2416-457-462.
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Software-defined-radio (SDR) becomes an attractive technique for the development of GNSS receivers due to universal hardware and high flexibility. However, the performance of signal processing can be a challenging task. Real-time mode implementation requires fast floating point calculations in several threads, not available for most part of embedded systems. This paper describes the system-on-chip based device drastically increasing computational performance. A summary of computational complexity of each stage of GNSS receiver is provided and several particular solutions are proposed.
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Lacruz, Jesus O., Dolores Garcia, Pablo Jimenez, Joan Palacios, and Joerg Widmer. "High-Speed Millimeter-Wave Mobile Experimentation on Software-Defined Radios." GetMobile: Mobile Computing and Communications 24, no. 4 (March 15, 2021): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3457356.3457368.
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Millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) communications have become an integral part of WLAN standards and 5G mobile networks and, as application data rate requirements increase, more and more traffic will move to these very high frequency bands. Although there is an ample choice of powerful experimental platforms for sub-6 GHz research, building mm-Wave systems is much more difficult due to the very high hardware requirements. To address the lack of suitable experimentation platforms, we propose mm-FLEX, a flexible and modular open platform with real-time signal processing capabilities that supports a bandwidth of 2 GHz and is compatible with current mm-Wave standards. The platform is built around a fast FPGA processor and a 60 GHz phased antenna array at front-end that can be reconfigured at nanosecond timescales. Together with its ease of use, this turns the platform into a unique tool for research on beam training in highly mobile scenarios and full-bandwidth mm-Wave signal processing.
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Ashleibta, Aboajeila Milad, Adnan Zahid, Syed Aziz Shah, Qammer H. Abbasi, and Muhammad Ali Imran. "Flexible and Scalable Software Defined Radio Based Testbed for Large Scale Body Movement." Electronics 9, no. 9 (August 20, 2020): 1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091354.
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Human activity (HA) sensing is becoming one of the key component in future healthcare system. The prevailing detection techniques for IHA uses ambient sensors, cameras and wearable devices that primarily require strenuous deployment overheads and raise privacy concerns as well. This paper proposes a novel, non-invasive, easily-deployable, flexible and scalable test-bed for identifying large-scale body movements based on Software Defined Radios (SDRs). Two Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) models, working as SDR based transceivers, are used to extract the Channel State Information (CSI) from continuous stream of multiple frequency subcarriers. The variances of amplitude information obtained from CSI data stream are used to infer daily life activities. Different machine learning algorithms namely K-Nearest Neighbour, Decision Tree, Discriminant Analysis and Naïve Bayes are used to evaluate the overall performance of the test-bed. The training, validation and testing processes are performed by considering the time-domain statistical features obtained from CSI data. The K-nearest neighbour outperformed all aforementioned classifiers, providing an accuracy of 89.73%. This preliminary non-invasive work will open a new direction for design of scalable framework for future healthcare systems.
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Yudachev, S. S., P. A. Monakhov, and N. A. Gordienko. "Industry 4.0 Digital Technologies for data collection and control." Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic), no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2106-04.
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This article describes an attempt to create open source LabVIEW software, equivalent to data collection and control software. The proposed solution uses GNU Radio, OpenCV, Scilab, Xcos, and Comedi in Linux. GNU Radio provides a user-friendly graphical interface. Also, GNU Radio is a software-defined radio that conducts experiments in practice using software rather than the usual hardware implementation. Blocks for data propagation, code deletion with and without code tracking are created using the zero correlation zone code (ZCZ, a combination of ternary codes equal to 1, 0, and –1, which is specified in the program). Unlike MATLAB Simulink, GNU Radio is open source, i. e. free, and the concepts can be easily accessed by ordinary people without much programming experience using pre-written blocks. Calculations can be performed using OpenCV or Scilab and Xcos. Xcos is an application that is part of the Scilab mathematical modeling system, and it provides developers with the ability to design systems in the field of mechanics, hydraulics and electronics, as well as queuing systems. Xcos is a graphical interactive environment based on block modeling. The application is designed to solve problems of dynamic and situational modeling of systems, processes, devices, as well as testing and analyzing these systems. In this case, the modeled object (a system, device or process) is represented graphically by its functional parametric block diagram, which includes blocks of system elements and connections between them. The device drivers listed in Comedi are used for real-time data access. We also present an improved PyGTK-based graphical user interface for GNU Radio. English version of the article is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/industry-40-digital-technology-for-data-collection-and-management/65216.html
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ABBAS, Yasir M. O., and Kenichi Asami. "Design of Software-Defined Radio-Based Adaptable Packet Communication System for Small Satellites." Aerospace 8, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8060159.
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Software-defined radio (SDR) devices have made a massive contribution to communication systems by reducing the cost and development time for radio frequency (RF) designs. SDRs opened the gate to programmers and enabled them to increase the capabilities of these easily manipulated systems. The next step is to upgrade the reconfigurability into adaptability, which is the focus of this paper. This research contributes to improving SDR-based systems by designing an adaptable packet communication transmitter and receiver that can utilize the communication window of CubeSats and small satellites. According to the feedback from the receiver, the transmitter modifies the characteristics of the signal. Theoretically, the system can adopt many modes, but for simplicity and to prove the concept, here, the changes are limited to three data rates of the Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) modulation scheme, i.e., 2400 bps GMSK, 4800 bps GMSK and 9600 bps GMSK, which are the most popular in amateur small satellites. The system program was developed using GNU Radio Companion (GRC) software and Python scripts. With the help of GRC software, the design was simulated and its behavior in simulated conditions observed. The transmitter packetizes the data into AX.25 packets and transmits them in patches. Between these patches, it sends signaling packets. The patch size is preselected. Alternatively, the receiver extracts the data and saves it in a dedicated file. It directly replies with a feedback message whenever it gets the signaling packets. Based on the content of the feedback message, the characteristics of the transmitted signal are altered. The packet rate and the actual useful data rate are measured and compared with the selected data rate, and the packet success rate of the system operating at a fixed data rate is also measured while simulating channel noise to achieve the desired Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR).
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Tsoeunyane, Lekhobola, Simon Winberg, and Michael Inggs. "Automatic Configurable Hardware Code Generation for Software-Defined Radios." Computers 7, no. 4 (October 19, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers7040053.
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The development of software-defined radio (SDR) systems using field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) compels designers to reuse pre-existing Intellectual Property (IP) cores in order to meet time-to-market and design efficiency requirements. However, the low-level development difficulties associated with FPGAs hinder productivity, even when the designer is experienced with hardware design. These low-level difficulties include non-standard interfacing methods, component communication and synchronization challenges, complicated timing constraints and processing blocks that need to be customized through time-consuming design tweaks. In this paper, we present a methodology for automated and behavioral integration of dedicated IP cores for rapid prototyping of SDR applications. To maintain high performance of the SDR designs, our methodology integrates IP cores using characteristics of the dataflow model of computation (MoC), namely the static dataflow with access patterns (SDF-AP). We show how the dataflow is mapped onto the low-level model of hardware by efficiently applying low-level based optimizations and using a formal analysis technique that guarantees the correctness of the generated solutions. Furthermore, we demonstrate the capability of our automated hardware design approach by developing eight SDR applications in VHDL. The results show that well-optimized designs are generated and that this can improve productivity while also conserving the hardware resources used.
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Witte, Ernst Martin, Torsten Kempf, Venkatesh Ramakrishnan, Gerd Ascheid, Marc Adrat, and Markus Antweiler. "A seamless software defined radio development flow for waveform and prototype debugging." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, no. 2 (June 25, 2023): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2008.2.868.
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With the increasing number of wireless communication standards flexibility has gained more and more importance which has lead to the software defined radio (SDR) concept. However, SDR development has to face many challenges, among them are the questions how SDR systems can be designed to achieve flexibility, architectural efficiency, energy efficiency and portability at the same time. These requirements result in very elaborate architectures and a highly increased design complexity. To cope with such complexity, we proposed an SDR development flow. During the development of such SDR, debugging becomes more efficient on a prototype hardware implementation than on a simulation model. However, error analysis on a prototype suffers from strong limitations like a reduced state visibility. In this paper, an extension to the SDR development flow is presented and successfully applied to an example SDR. It allows for an efficient error analysis with the SDR simulation model by the feedback of stimulus data from the prototype.
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Sholokhov, Serhii, Ivan Samborsky, Bohdan Nikolaienko, and Іеvgen Samborskyі. "Method of assessment of energy intensity of public communication radio equipment with software adjustable working frequency for determination of interruption protection indicators." Collection "Information Technology and Security" 11, no. 1 (June 29, 2023): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2411-1031.2023.11.1.279857.
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The ability of modern departmental communication systems to perform tasks in conditions of radio-electronic suppression by the enemy characterizes their immunity to interference. It is known that the interference protection of radio equipment in conditions of enemy radio reconnaissance and electronic suppression can be described by a set of probability indicators that characterize its secrecy (energy) and interference resistance. Secrecy (energy) is the ability of departmental communication systems to counteract the enemy's radio reconnaissance means, which are aimed at detecting the fact of the departmental communication system's operation, determining the parameters of its radio emissions, intercepting information for further deliberate radio-electronic and electromagnetic interference. One of the methods that significantly increases the secrecy of departmental communication systems is the use of signals with software-defined frequency conversion. These signals are a set of radio pulses (signal elements) whose frequencies change over time according to the law of pseudorandom sequence. The enemy searches for and detects the elements of these signals in a wide frequency band. This search is carried out under conditions of partial a priori uncertainty regarding their spectral-time structure using panoramic receivers. It should be noted that the basis of the radio reconnaissance means of the world's leading states is Fourier processors, which perform Fourier transforms from the implementation of a set of input signals. When designing and developing methods for interference protection, the problem of evaluating their energy stealth arises. Known research results and existing methodologies allow for a simplified assessment of the energy stealth of radio equipment with software frequency hopping under time constraints for decision making and do not take into account the peculiarities of the construction of modern panoramic analysis tools. In particular, the known methodologies do not take into account the peculiarities of the process of frequency-time searching for elements of such signals in a wide frequency range using panoramic receiving devices based on the complex application of different types of Fourier processors, the order of spectral-time processing of signal elements at the output of Fourier processors, requirements for their threshold sensitivity and dynamic signal range. Therefore, the article proposes a methodology for evaluating the stealthiness of communication systems with software-defined frequency tuning to determine the indicators of interference protection based on Fourier processors in the conditions of the opponent's use of modern radio-electronic intelligence tools.
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Utami, Alifia Fitri, Iswandi Iswandi, and I. Wayan Mustika. "Random Time Delay Mitigation in Pulse Radar Systems Implementation using Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) and GNU Radio Companion (GRC)." IJITEE (International Journal of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering) 2, no. 3 (February 26, 2019): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijitee.42873.
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Abstract— Radar or radio detection and ranging has a basic function to detect and measure a target range. One of the latest developments is Software Defined Radio (SDR)-based radar. An example of SDR implementation is by using Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) as hardware and GNU Radio Companion (GRC) as software. The simplest radar type is pulse radar in which system timing is crucial. Meanwhile, in pulse radar system implementation using USRP and GRC, there is an issue with the random processing time delay between communication protocol of USRP and computer running the GRC, which causes incorrect measurement. This research aims to analyze the random time delay in the pulse radar system implementation by using USRP and GRC to anticipate the effect of random time delay. Pulse radar systems implementation is administered by transmitting 128 bits of Barker code and performing correlation between transmitted and received radar signal. Research result shows that the random time delay can be anticipated by making the direct reception from radar transmitter to receiver as the reference in range calculation.
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Masood, Sabeen, Shoab Ahmed Khan, Ali Hassan, and Urooj Fatima. "A Novel Framework for Testing High-Speed Serial Interfaces in Multiprocessor Based Real-Time Embedded System." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 13, 2021): 7465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167465.
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Recent years has seen a tremendous increase in processing requirements of present-day embedded system applications. Embedded systems consist of multiple processing elements (PEs) connected to each other using different types of interfaces. Many complicated tasks are accomplished by embedded systems in varied settings, which may introduce errors during inter-processor communication. Testing such systems is tremendously difficult and challenging from testing non-real time systems. A major part of testing real time embedded systems involves ensuring accuracy and timing in synchronous inter-process communication More specifically, the synchronization and inter-processor communication of real-time applications makes testing a challenging task and due to the demand for higher data rate increases, day-by-day, making testing of such systems even more complex. This paper presents a novel frame work that uses multiple instances of simulators with physical high-speed serial interfaces to emulate any real time embedded system communication. The framework presents a testing technique that detects all faults related to synchronization of high-speed synchronous serial interfaces in a systematic manner. The novelty of our approach is to simulate communication across multiple processors in a simulation environment for detecting and localizing bugs. We verify this framework using a case study consisting of an embedded software defined radio (SDR) system. The test results show the applicability of our approach in fixing bugs that relates to synchronization issues that otherwise are very hard to find and fix in very complicated systems, such as SDR.
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Lu, Xu Ming, Wei Jie Wen, and Hong Zhou Tan. "A Prototyping Environment for Hardware/Software Codesign of OFDM Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 2803–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.2803.
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To make rapid implementation and verification for the systems becomes important in frontend Application Specific Integrated Circuits. Therefore, a field programmable gate array based hardware/software codesign prototyping environment is proposed to simulate the software implementation and verify the hardware implementation of a baseband OFDM system. The system is implemented by software and hardware partitions, respectively. The analog radio frequency front-end module helps take a full insight into the actual baseband system performance. User datagram protocol is used for data transmission between these two partitions, and hence makes a complete baseband system. With the proposed codesign environment, the software simulation is running over real wireless channels, and the hardware implemental results can be flexibly processed in real time and enhances the design efficiency.
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Utrilla, Ramiro, Roberto Rodriguez-Zurrunero, Jose Martin, Alba Rozas, and Alvaro Araujo. "MIGOU: A Low-Power Experimental Platform with Programmable Logic Resources and Software-Defined Radio Capabilities." Sensors 19, no. 22 (November 15, 2019): 4983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19224983.
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The increase in the number of mobile and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, along with the demands of new applications and services, represents an important challenge in terms of spectral coexistence. As a result, these devices are now expected to make an efficient and dynamic use of the spectrum, and to provide processed information instead of simple raw sensor measurements. These communication and processing requirements have direct implications on the architecture of the systems. In this work, we present MIGOU, a wireless experimental platform that has been designed to address these challenges from the perspective of resource-constrained devices, such as wireless sensor nodes or IoT end-devices. At the radio level, the platform can operate both as a software-defined radio and as a traditional highly integrated radio transceiver, which demands less node resources. For the processing tasks, it relies on a system-on-a-chip that integrates an ARM Cortex-M3 processor, and a flash-based FPGA fabric, where high-speed processing tasks can be offloaded. The power consumption of the platform has been measured in the different modes of operation. In addition, these hardware features and power measurements have been compared with those of other representative platforms. The results obtained confirm that a state-of-the-art tradeoff between hardware flexibility and energy efficiency has been achieved. These characteristics will allow for the development of appropriate solutions to current end-devices’ challenges and to test them in real scenarios.
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PHẠM, VĂN ĐẢM, THẾ TÀI NGUYỄN, THÀNH ĐÔNG NGUYỄN, THANH TÙNG VŨ, HỒNG HẢI HOÀNG, TOÀN THẮNG VŨ, and THỊ PHƯƠNG MAI NGUYỄN. "Ultrasonic vibration measurement using heterodyne interferometry and SDR phase meter." Tạp chí Khoa học - Công nghệ Thủy Sản, Trường Đại học Nha Trang, no. 03 (September 30, 2023): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.53818/jfst.03.2023.147.
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Ultrasonic vibration measurement and the development of ultrasonic vibration sensors have a significant impact on underwater pattern detection, providing good support for the exploitation and usage of marine resources. Advanced digital signal processing algorithms improve mechanical displacement measurements using ultrasonic speed and pm-level interferometers in real-time. In recent years, developing digital algorithms and employing low-cost software-defined radio (SDR) software applied to communication systems and other general-purpose systems with flexible solutions are essential in modern industrial applications. Specifically, the SDR can be consistent with real-time phase-change measurements of MHz-frequency interference signals for a heterodyne interferometer. This paper combines a heterodyne interferometer and a real-time SDR phase meter, demonstrating an ultrasonic vibration instrument's high-speed vibrating measurement capabilities. A double-pass interferometer is implemented to produce interference signals modulated with a sine waveform phase change associated with a tool's ultrasonic vibrating displacement, calculated by the phase meter's quadrature demodulation algorithm. The measurement results show that the system detects the sine-wave vibration trajectory generated by the vibrator at a frequency of 20 kHz and an amplitude of ~460 nm. The principle of the measurement system, instrumentations, experiments, and results are discussed in the paper.
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Sarigiannidis, Panagiotis, Antonios Sarigiannidis, Ioannis Moscholios, and Piotr Zwierzykowski. "DIANA: A Machine Learning Mechanism for Adjusting the TDD Uplink-Downlink Configuration in XG-PON-LTE Systems." Mobile Information Systems 2017 (2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8198017.
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Modern broadband hybrid optical-wireless access networks have gained the attention of academia and industry due to their strategic advantages (cost-efficiency, huge bandwidth, flexibility, and mobility). At the same time, the proliferation of Software Defined Networking (SDN) enables the efficient reconfiguration of the underlying network components dynamically using SDN controllers. Hence, effective traffic-aware schemes are feasible in dynamically determining suitable configuration parameters for advancing the network performance. To this end, a novel machine learning mechanism is proposed for an SDN-enabled hybrid optical-wireless network. The proposed architecture consists of a 10-gigabit-capable passive optical network (XG-PON) in the network backhaul and multiple Long Term Evolution (LTE) radio access networks in the fronthaul. The proposed mechanism receives traffic-aware knowledge from the SDN controllers and applies an adjustment on the uplink-downlink configuration in the LTE radio communication. This traffic-aware mechanism is capable of determining the most suitable configuration based on the traffic dynamics in the whole hybrid network. The introduced scheme is evaluated in a realistic environment using real traffic traces such as Voice over IP (VoIP), real-time video, and streaming video. According to the obtained numerical results, the proposed mechanism offers significant improvements in the network performance in terms of latency and jitter.
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Kim, Heyone, Junhak Lee, Sang Heon Oh, Hyoungmin So, and Dong-Hwan Hwang. "Multi-Radio Integrated Navigation System M&S Software Design for GNSS Backup under Navigation Warfare." Electronics 8, no. 2 (February 6, 2019): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8020188.
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To avoid degradation of navigation performance in the navigation warfare environment, the multi-radio integrated navigation system can be used, in which all available radio navigation systems are integrated to back up Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) when the GNSS is not available. Before real-time multi-radio integrated navigation systems are deployed, time and cost can be saved when the modeling and simulation (M&S) software is used in the performance evaluation. When the multi-radio integrated navigation system M&S is comprised of independent function modules, it is easy to modify and/or to replace the function modules. In this paper, the M&S software design method was proposed for multi-radio integrated navigation systems as a GNSS backup under the navigation warfare. The M&S software in the proposed design method consists of a message broker and function modules. All the messages were transferred through the message broker in order to be exchanged between the function modules. The function modules in the M&S software were independently operated due to the message broker. A message broker-based M&S software was designed for a multi-radio integrated navigation system. In order to show the feasibility of the proposed design method, the M&S software was implemented for Global Positioning System (GPS), Korean Navigation Satellite System (KNSS), enhanced Long range navigation (eLoran), Loran-C, and Distance Measuring Equipment/Very high-frequency Omnidirectional Radio range (DME/VOR). The usefulness of the proposed design method was shown by checking the accuracy and availability of the GPS only navigation and the multi-radio integrated navigation system under the attack of jamming to GPS.
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Baldychev, M., A. Bosyy, and O. Galtseva. "Model of forming a spatial-temporary radio frequency portrait of subscriber terminals in satellite communication systems monitoring." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Physics" Series 100, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2020ph4/78-86.
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Currently, the development of satellite communications systems (SCS) is associated with the development of signals of complex structure. The popularization and distribution of software-defined radio systems (Software-defined radio, SDR) are noted, which leads to a decrease of quality of functioning of the SCS. Promising areas of countering the unauthorized use of the time-frequency resource of the KA repeater are methods aimed at determining the location of subscriber terminals (ST) and analyzing the service and semantic parts of the transmitted message. Accounting for changes of physical parameters requires the use of a large amount of heterogeneous a priori data; it is not achievable task in practice. According to the theory of mathematical statistics, the approximation is used at solving problems of sample analysis. The result of the approximation is a spatio-temporal radio-frequency portrait (STRFP) of an ST participating in the formation of a group signal. Thus, the aim of the research is to develop a model of changing the physical parameters of a radio signal and to study the possibility of approximating physical parameters in order to form a spatio-temporal radiofrequency portrait of an ST SCS.
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Korpas, Przemysław, Dawid W. Rosołowski, Michał Kajczuk, Daniel Gryglewski, and Wojciech Wojtasiak. "A Universal Hardware Platform for an LTE-Advanced Base Station Prototyping." Electronics 12, no. 5 (February 21, 2023): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12051069.
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This paper presents a universal hardware platform (UHP) based on software defined radio (SDR) technology and developed to accelerate the prototyping and testing new hardware and algorithmic solutions for modern radio systems. There are two integrated transceivers and a baseband processor on the board. Thus, four complete RF transmitting and receiving channels, with observation paths for transmitted signals monitoring could be supported. Our platform can be operated in both time-division (TDD) and frequency-division (FDD) duplex schemes over a 300 MHz to 6 GHz frequency range with simultaneous synthesis and analysis in the bandwidth of up to 100 MHz. The radio system is formed by attaching an appropriate RF front-end to the UHP and uploading standard-specific software. As examples of possible UHP applications, two LTE-Advanced micro base stations for private networks with standard-defined RF front-ends operating in the LTE band B43 (3.6 GHz) with time duplex and the band B31 (450 MHz) in FDD mode are presented.
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Ghafoor, Huma, and Insoo Koo. "An Integrated Cognitive Radio Network for Coastal Smart Cities." Applied Sciences 9, no. 17 (August 30, 2019): 3557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9173557.
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The integration of different networks has attracted significant attention in academia. Both terrestrial and maritime communications systems have been attracting keen interest for ways to deal with various applications. As the environment of cognitive vehicular and maritime networks is extremely dynamic, these networks suffer with a long delay because of intermittent links while providing services for different applications. To this end, here we introduce the integration of cognitive vehicular and maritime networks to design a coastal smart city by utilizing software-defined networking, network function virtualization, and fog computing under the same infrastructure. This novel integrated cognitive coastal city fulfills the demand of each application user in a hybrid environment with a quicker response time. The idea is to combine vehicular and maritime communications to meet different user demands. Different virtual networks are launched by network function virtualization, and are managed and controlled by a software-defined networking controller. From the integration of software-defined networking, network function virtualization, and fog computing, both vehicular and marine users are provided with stable paths to meet each application’s demands.
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Sârbu, Annamaria, Marco Donald Migliore, Emil Șorecău, Mirela Șorecău, Simona Miclăuș, and Paul Bechet. "SDR-Enabled Multichannel Real-Time Measurement System for In Situ EMF Exposure Evaluation." Electronics 11, no. 17 (August 26, 2022): 2670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11172670.
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The spatial and temporal variability of the signals emitted by modern communication devices produced a paradigm shift in approaching the human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF). This inherent variability requires in situ, agile EMF measurement solutions capable of performing real-time isotropic measurements. The aim of this paper is to describe a new real-time, highly flexible multichannel EMF measurement system that consists of a sensor connected to state-of-the-art software-defined radio (SDR) equipment. In this paper an electric field sensor is proposed, but we also provide information on the extension of the probe to electric and magnetic fields. In the receiver section, the proposed solution is compared in terms of performances (sensitivity and accuracy), costs, and requirements, with standard solutions based on spectrum analyzers or a digital oscilloscope. Finally, the proposed solution was tested considering the signals emitted in various operating scenarios by a mobile device operating in the LTE-A and IEEE 802.11ax mobile communication standards. The results confirm the versatility and efficiency of the proposed solution for in situ EMF measurements of signals emitted by the new generation communication devices.
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Wang, Xiaoshuang, Jing Zhao, Xuejun Rao, and Lihua Qi. "Research and Implementation of a High-efficiency and Intelligent Power Supply System for Radio Equipment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2656, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2656/1/012004.
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Abstract The use of nickel-metal hydride batteries in tactical radios will lead to problems such as heavier loads, shorter battery life, and less intelligent power supply systems. Because analyzing the power supply guarantee requirements of tactical radio stations, this paper firstly models and simulates lithium-ion batteries to accurately estimate key design parameters such as lithium-ion power and balance control. Then, high-efficiency integration technologies of new materials such as PAA and LiPF6 are used to develop lithium-ion batteries with high specific energy density, good high and low-temperature performance, and lightweight. At the same time, DSP technology is used to develop battery fast charging and intelligent management software and hardware systems to achieve fast and real-time detection of battery state of charge, health state, and functional state. The battery-intelligent power supply system will provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the overall improvement of the combat effectiveness of tactical radio equipment.
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Nyamukondiwa, Ramson Munyaradzi, Necmi Cihan Orger, Daisuke Nakayama, and Mengu Cho. "A Study on the Derivation of Atmospheric Water Vapor Based on Dual Frequency Radio Signals and Intersatellite Communication Networks." Aerospace 10, no. 9 (September 15, 2023): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10090807.
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The atmospheric total water vapor content (TWVC) affects climate change, weather patterns, and radio signal propagation. Recent techniques such as global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are used to measure TWVC but with either compromised accuracy, temporal resolution, or spatial coverage. This study demonstrates the feasibility of predicting, mapping, and measuring TWVC using spread spectrum (SS) radio signals and software-defined radio (SDR) technology on low Earth-orbiting (LEO) satellites. An intersatellite link (ISL) communication network from a constellation of small satellites is proposed to achieve three-dimensional (3D) mapping of TWVC. However, the calculation of TWVC from satellites in LEO contains contribution from the ionospheric total electron content (TEC). The TWVC and TEC contribution are determined based on the signal propagation time delay and the satellites’ positions in orbit. Since TEC is frequency dependent unlike TWVC, frequency reconfiguration algorithms have been implemented to distinguish TWVC. The novel aspects of this research are the implementation of time stamps to deduce time delay, the unique derivation of TWVC from a constellation setup, the use of algorithms to remotely tune frequencies in real time, and ISL demonstration using SDRs. This mission could contribute to atmospheric science, and the measurements could be incorporated into the global atmospheric databases for climate and weather prediction models.
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Taylor, William, Syed Aziz Shah, Kia Dashtipour, Adnan Zahid, Qammer H. Abbasi, and Muhammad Ali Imran. "An Intelligent Non-Invasive Real-Time Human Activity Recognition System for Next-Generation Healthcare." Sensors 20, no. 9 (May 6, 2020): 2653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092653.
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Human motion detection is getting considerable attention in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) driven healthcare systems. Human motion can be used to provide remote healthcare solutions for vulnerable people by identifying particular movements such as falls, gait and breathing disorders. This can allow people to live more independent lifestyles and still have the safety of being monitored if more direct care is needed. At present wearable devices can provide real-time monitoring by deploying equipment on a person’s body. However, putting devices on a person’s body all the time makes it uncomfortable and the elderly tend to forget to wear them, in addition to the insecurity of being tracked all the time. This paper demonstrates how human motions can be detected in a quasi-real-time scenario using a non-invasive method. Patterns in the wireless signals present particular human body motions as each movement induces a unique change in the wireless medium. These changes can be used to identify particular body motions. This work produces a dataset that contains patterns of radio wave signals obtained using software-defined radios (SDRs) to establish if a subject is standing up or sitting down as a test case. The dataset was used to create a machine learning model, which was used in a developed application to provide a quasi-real-time classification of standing or sitting state. The machine-learning model was able to achieve 96.70% accuracy using the Random Forest algorithm using 10 fold cross-validation. A benchmark dataset of wearable devices was compared to the proposed dataset and results showed the proposed dataset to have similar accuracy of nearly 90%. The machine-learning models developed in this paper are tested for two activities but the developed system is designed and applicable for detecting and differentiating x number of activities.
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Zuiev, Andrii, Viktoriia Krylova, Anatolii Hapon, and Stanislav Honcharov. "Research of microprocessor device and software for remote control of a robotic system." Technology audit and production reserves 1, no. 2(75) (January 29, 2024): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2024.297339.
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The modern stage of the development of intelligent robotic systems is characterized by the expansion of fields of application, which is due to autonomous work and decision-making in conditions of uncertainty. The object of research is the system of remote control of robotic systems. During the remote control of robotic systems, problems arise that are associated with the use of wireless communication in real time. The article analyzes software and hardware implementations of various remote control systems suitable for use as part of autonomous robotic systems and analyzes promising microcontroller platforms for implementing a remote control device for a robotic system. A brief review of existing protocols for transmitting control signals using radio communication equipment and microprocessor platforms for the development of embedded systems is performed, among which a solution is selected for research. Several approaches to the control of a robotic system are highlighted – control using a wired connection and corresponding protocols, control via wireless communication or via the Internet, control via general-purpose network protocols. The target platform is chosen and justified, and the S.BUS protocol is analyzed with the provision of an algorithm for obtaining the values of the control channels from the S.BUS package. The structure and algorithm of functioning of the microprocessor remote control system based on the ESP32 microcontroller and the FreeRTOS OS are given. A study of the operation process of the proposed remote control system is carried out, for which it is placed on the chassis of a ground autonomous robotic system with four-wheel drive, and the delay time of the control signal from the receiver to the engine control modules is determined. According to the conducted analysis, the expediency of using specialized radio communication equipment with the S.BUS protocol for controlling executive devices as part of a robotic system, for precise movement control in real time, is shown.
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Hao, Hong Qi, and Ming Li Song. "The Application of RFID Technology in Development Embedded Systems." Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.333.
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A complete set of RFID system is composed of two parts by Reader and Transponder grounds of the action principle Reader launch of unlimited radio waves of a specific frequency energy to Transponder, to drive Transponder circuit ID Code sent internally. Part of the embedded system software is including the operating system software (requires real-time and multi-tasking operation) and application programming. The operating system controls the application programming and hardware interaction, and the application to control the operation and behavior of the system. The paper presents the application of RFID technology in development embedded systems. The experiment shows RFID is superior to ARM in building embedded system.
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Fletscher, Luis A., Alejandra Zuleta, Alexander Galvis, David Quintero, Juan Felipe Botero, and Natalia Gaviria. "A Techno-Economic Analysis of New Market Models for 5G+ Spectrum Management." Information 15, no. 4 (April 3, 2024): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info15040197.
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While 5G has become a reality in several places around the world, some countries are still in the process of assigning frequency bands and deploying networks. In this context, there is a significant opportunity to explore new market models for the management and utilization of the radio spectrum. Access to the radio spectrum results in diverse competition schemes, where market behavior varies based on the regulator-defined access scheme and the competitive strategies of different actors. To thoroughly analyze potential competition scenarios, this work introduces a model that enhances the comprehension of market variables, emphasizing behaviors influenced by relationships. The model’s development leverages the potential of artificial intelligence and historical data from Colombia’s mobile telecommunications market. Intelligent spectrum sensing, based on Software Defined Radio, augments the model’s construction, utilizing lightweight AI algorithms to acquire real data on spectrum occupancy. In this way, the model provides novel insights into market dynamics, enabling the formulation of informed decision-making policies for regulatory bodies. Additionally, the application of causal machine learning (CausalML) helps understand the underlying causes of market behaviors, facilitating the design of guiding policies to maximize spectrum usage and foster competition. This approach demonstrates how AI-driven approaches and a deeper understanding of market dynamics can lead to effective 5G spectrum management, fostering a more competitive and efficient wireless communication landscape.
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Math, Sa, Prohim Tam, Dae-Young Kim, and Seokhoon Kim. "Intelligent Offloading Decision and Resource Allocations Schemes Based on RNN/DQN for Reliability Assurance in Software-Defined Massive Machine-Type Communications." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (April 21, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4289216.
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The heterogeneous novelty applications present in the 5th generation (5G) era, including machine-type communication (mMTC), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) communication, and ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC), which required mobile edge computing (MEC) for local computation and services. The next-generation radio networking (NGRN) will rely on new radio (NR) with the millimeter-wavelength (mmWave) technologies that enable ultra-dense connectivities of the deployed heterogeneous mobile terminal gateways (MTG). However, the mission-critical mMTC applications will suffer from inadequate radio resource management and orchestration (MANO), which will diminish end-to-end (E2E) communication reliability in edge areas. This paper proposed optimal MTG selections and resource allocation (RA) based on the complementary between MTG loading prediction based on recurrent neural network-based long short-term memory (RNN-LSTM) and MTG loading adjustment based on the applied deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approaches, respectively. Furthermore, the RNN-LSTM enhances offloading and handover decisions with discrete-time predictions, while the DRL plays an essential role in adjusting the determined MTG during congestion situations. The proposed method contributed to remarkable outcomes in crucial performance metrics over reference approaches regarding computation and communication quality of service (QoS).
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Kryuchkov, I. V., M. I. Noniashvili, A. I. Skachkova, and A. A. Filatov. "EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF SOFTWARE ALGORITHMIC SYNCHRONIZATION OF DISTRIBUTED RADIO SYSTEM WITH MOBILE CARRIERS." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics, no. 2 (April 24, 2019): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2019-22-2-44-52.
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Introduction. One of the classes of modern radio engineering systems are systems with spatial diversity of transmitting, receiving or transceiving elements. In such systems, an increase of the information content is achieved by signal coprocessing ensuring synchronization in time and phase of the carrier oscillation. Currently, the researchers do not pay enough attention to the requirements for the accuracy of synchronization of distributed systems of different applications, as well as simple and affordable ways to synchronize them.Objective. The paper main objective is the search for technical solutions for clock and phase synchronization without atomic frequency standards and external sources of coordinate-time information.Methods and materials. The paper considers a distributed radio engineering system with non-rigid structure. Each element of the system has reference signal from its own crystal oscillator. The oscillators are not physically aligned. The phases of their oscillations are periodically compared by the method of two-way transmission of synchronizing signals (from one element to another and vice versa). The synchronization technique (software algorithmic approach) is reduced to the coprocessing signal correction according to estimated frequency (phase) drifts. The testing of the proposed technical solution is presented on a hardware model consisting of ten receiving and transmitting modules.Results. The experiment showed that RMS of synchronization errors does not exceeded 12 degrees by phase (for VHF), or 0.2 ns by time. These results are acquired for spatial diversity up to several hundred meters, mutual speed of the modules up to several meters per second and may be extended for higher frequencies (in particular, UHF).Conclusion. The paper proposes a method of multilateral propagation to synchronize distributed radioengineering systems. Combined with software algorithmic technique this method enables to obtain synchronization accuracy in real-time sufficient for coherent diversity technique.
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Naydenova, Ju I., O. A. Safaryan, I. A. Alferova, and I. V. Reshetnikova. "USING EXPERT SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE THE RELIABILITY OF RADIO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS." H&ES Research 14, no. 6 (2022): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2409-5419-2022-14-6-53-57.
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Introduction. The article develops a dynamic expert system (ES) based on a model of a system for monitoring the technical condition of signal generators in telecommunication systems. In the proposed system, decision-making is based on a constant analysis of the parameters of the time-frequency parameters of signals generated by generators in infotelecommunication systems. The purpose of the work is to develop an expert system based on a model of a system for monitoring the technical condition of signal generators in infotelecommunication systems. Research results: In the course of the work, an analysis of expert systems was carried out, a dynamic expert system was selected from the real-time communication classification, the structure of the expert system was proposed, each of its elements was considered, an expert system was developed that allows predicting changes in the parameters of transmission channel generators in telecommunication systems, and the resulting expert system was tested based on two assumptions, which allows us to draw conclusions about the correctness of the development. For this purpose, the result of processing the input data is given based on two assumptions – the law of normal distribution and the uniform distribution law. On the basis of this, it can be concluded that the proposed developed version of the ES construction and the software product implementing it is working. The expert system makes it possible to analyze incoming data in the current time, as well as generate an output.