Relevant bibliographies by topics / Real time characterisation

Academic literature on the topic 'Real time characterisation'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Real time characterisation"

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Hadler, Jens, Gunther Müller, Daniel Stern, and Peter Berlet. "Real Time Characterisation of Wear Behaviour." MTZ worldwide 76, no. 6 (May 2, 2015): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-015-0015-9.

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Best, Matthew C. "Real-time characterisation of driver steering behaviour." Vehicle System Dynamics 57, no. 1 (March 16, 2018): 64–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2018.1447678.

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Schüler, Yves S., Paul P. Hiebert, and Tuomas A. Peltonen. "Financial cycles: Characterisation and real-time measurement." Journal of International Money and Finance 100 (February 2020): 102082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2019.102082.

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Clark, J. M. "Aerosol characterisation in real time—Achievements and prospects." Journal of Aerosol Science 29, no. 1-2 (January 1998): 232–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(98)90265-8.

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Webb, D. Patrick, George Skouteris, and Shahin Rahimifard. "In-plant real-time manufacturing water content characterisation." Water Resources and Industry 20 (December 2018): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wri.2018.08.003.

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Wei, Jing, Erkan Ibraim, Nicolas Brüggemann, Harry Vereecken, and Joachim Mohn. "First real-time isotopic characterisation of N2O from chemodenitrification." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 267 (December 2019): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.09.018.

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Hague, L., D. Puzzovio, A. Dragoneas, and M. Grell. "Simplified Real-Time Organic Transistor Characterisation Schemes for Sensing Applications." Science of Advanced Materials 3, no. 6 (December 1, 2011): 907–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2011.1216.

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Dowell, Peter G., Sam Akehurst, and Richard D. Burke. "Characterisation and optimisation of a real-time diesel engine model." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, no. 14 (February 1, 2017): 1913–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017691618.

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Accurate real-time engine models are an essential step to allow the development of control algorithms in parallel to the development of engine hardware using hardware-in-the-loop applications. A physics-based model of the engine high-pressure air path and combustion chamber is presented. The model was parameterised using data from a small set of carefully selected operating conditions for a 2.0 l diesel engine. The model was subsequently validated over the complete engine operating map with exhaust gas recirculation and without exhaust gas recirculation. A high level of fit was achieved with R2 values above 0.94 for the mean effective pressure and above 0.99 for the air flow rate. The model run time was then reduced for real-time application by using forward differencing and single-precision floating-point numbers and by calculating the in-cylinder prediction for only a single cylinder. A further improvement of 25% in the run time was achieved by improving the submodels, including the strategic use of one-dimensional and two-dimensional look-up tables with optimised resolution. The model exceeds the performance of similar models in the literature, achieving a crank angle resolution of 0.5° at 4000 r/min. This simulation step size still yields good accuracy in comparison with a crank angle resolution of 0.1° and was validated against the experimental results from a New European Driving Cycle. The real-time model allows the development of control strategies before the engine hardware is available, meaning that more time can be spent to ensure that the engine can meet the performance and the emissions requirements over its full operating range.
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Jamaluddin, A. K. M., C. Dong, P. Hermans, I. A. Khan, A. Carnegie, O. C. Mullins, A. Kurkjian, G. Fujisawa, J. Nighswander, and S. Babajan. "REAL-TIME AND ON-SITE RESERVOIR FLUID CHARACTERISATION USING SPECTRAL ANALYSIS AND PVT EXPRESS." APPEA Journal 44, no. 1 (2004): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj03028.

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Obtaining an adequate fluid characterisation early in the life of a reservoir is becoming a key requirement for successful hydrocarbon development. This work presents and discusses a number of new fluid sampling and fluid characterisation technologies that can be deployed either down hole or at surface in the early stages of the exploration and development cycle to achieve this objective. Techniques discussed include methods to monitor and quantify oil-based mud contamination, gas-liquid-ratio (GLR) and basic fluid composition in real time during open-hole formation testing operations. In addition, we demonstrate the applicability of new surface analysis techniques that allow for rapid, accurate, and reliable measurements of key fluid properties, such as saturation pressure, gas-oil ratio, extended carbon number composition, viscosity, and density, on-site within a few hours of retrieving reservoir fluid samples at surface. Finally, prediction tools used to extend these limited measurements to a traditional PVT fluid characterisation are presented along with example measurements from all the techniques described. In conclusion, it is shown that the implementation of these techniques in a complementary program can reduce the risk associated with making key development decisions that are based on an understanding of reservoir fluid properties.
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Finnerty, Niall J., Saidhbhe L. O’Riordan, Erik Palsson, and John P. Lowry. "Brain nitric oxide: Regional characterisation of a real-time microelectrochemical sensor." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 209, no. 1 (July 2012): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.05.023.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Real time characterisation"

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Aletrari, Mina-Olga. "Characterisation of PLD activity in real-time." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2010. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4479/.

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PLD catalyses hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) to produce phosphatidic acid (PtdOH) and choline. PtdOH is a second messenger responsible for a multitude of cell processes, ranging from cytoskeletal rearrangement to cell proliferation. Antigenic stimulation of RBL-2H3 mast cells and growth factor stimulation of endothelial HeLa cells results in PLD-dependent exocytosis and endocytosis, respectively. A novel fluorescent PtdCho (fPtdCho) was used to label both cell lines and Bligh-Dyer lipid extraction of fPtdCho-labelled RBL-2H3 cells showed the lipid was intact post-labelling. fPtdCho co-localised up to 50% with the lysosomal marker LysoTracker Red in RBL- 2H3 cells, and was not secreted in response to antigenic stimulation as recorded using real-time confocal microscopy. Primary alcohol treatment of fPtdCho-labelled RBL- 2H3 cells altered fPtdCho-labelling to diffuse from punctate distribution, suggesting PLD-generated PtdOH is responsible for retention of punctate fPtdCho staining. PLD isoforms 1b and 2a were labelled with Cherry (a red fluorescent protein) and transiently expressed in fPtdCho-labelled HeLa cells. Localisation was assessed using FRET by FRAP technology in live cells and showed that substrate and lipase were in close proximity. These findings will facilitate future development of a live real-time in vivo PLD assay. Furthermore, localisation of PLD and its activator Rac1 was assessed at rest and in EGF-stimulated HeLa cells in real-time. This showed co-localisation between PLD and Rac1 following stimulation. The fluorescent PtdCho was also used to develop a novel real-time in vitro PLD assay, monitoring fPtdCho metabolism at two second intervals. This in vitro assay is more sensitive than traditional end-point assays and will help clarify the relative rate of PLD activation in response to small G-protein activators and other co-factors in real-time.
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Rößler, Dirk, Frank Krüger, and Matthias Ohrnberger. "Automatic near real-time characterisation of large earthquakes." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1838/.

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We use seismic array methods (semblance analysis) to image areas of seismic energy release in the Sunda Arc region and world-wide. Broadband seismograms at teleseismic distances (30° ≤ Δ ≤ 100°) are compared at several subarrays. Semblance maps of different subarrays are multiplied. High semblance tracked over long time (10s of second to minutes) and long distances indicate locations of earthquakes. The method allows resolution of rupture characteristics important for tsunami early warning: start and duration, velocity and direction, length and area. The method has been successfully applied to recent and historic events (M>6.5) and is now operational in real time. Results are obtained shortly after source time, see http://www.geo.uni-potsdam.de/Forschung/Geophysik/GITEWS/tsunami.htm). Comparison of manual and automatic processing are in good agreement. Computational effort is small. Automatic results may be obtained within 15 - 20 minutes after event occurrence.
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Rößler, Dirk, Frank Krüger, Matthias Ohrnberger, and Lutz Ehlert. "Automatic near real-time characterisation of large earthquakes." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2019/.

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An der Universität Potsdam wird seit 2008 ein automatisiertes Verfahren angewandt, um Bruchparamter großer Erdbeben in quasi-Echtzeit, d.h. wenige Minuten nachdem sich das Beben ereignet hat, zu bestimmen und der Öffentlichkeit via Internet zur Verfügung zu stellen. Es ist vorgesehen, das System in das Deutsch-Indonesische Tsunamifrühwarnsystem (GITEWS) zu integrieren, für das es speziell konfiguriert ist. Wir bestimmen insbesondere die Dauer und die Ausdehnung des Erdbebens, sowie dessen Bruchgeschwindigkeit und -richtung. Dabei benutzen wir die Seismogramme der zuerst eintreffenden P Wellen vom Breitbandstationen in teleseimischer Entfernung vom Beben sowie herkömmliche Arrayverfahren in teilweise modifizierter Form. Die Semblance wir als Ähnlichkeitsmaß verwendet, um Seismogramme eines Stationsnetzes zu vergleichen. Im Falle eines Erdbebens ist die Semblance unter Berücksichtigung des Hypozentrums zur Herdzeit und während des Bruchvorgangs deutlich zeitlich und räumlich erhöht und konzentriert. Indem wir die Ergebnisse verschiedener Stationsnetzwerke kombinieren, erreichen wir Unabhängigkeit von der Herdcharakteristik und eine raum-zeitliche Auflösung, die es erlaubt die o.g. Parameter abzuleiten. In unserem Beitrag skizzieren wir die Methode. Anhand der beiden M8.0 Benkulu Erdbeben (Sumatra, Indonesien) vom 12.09.2007 und dem M8.0 Sichuan Ereignis (China) vom 12.05.2008 demonstrieren wir Auflösungsmöglichkeiten und vergleichen die Ergebnisse der automatisierten Echtzeitanwendung mit nachträglichen Berechnungen. Weiterhin stellen wir eine Internetseite zur Verfügung, die die Ergebnisse präsentiert und animiert. Diese kann z.B. in geowissenschaftlichen Einrichtungen an Computerterminals gezeigt werden. Die Internetauftritte haben die folgenden Adressen: http://www.geo.uni-potsdam.de/arbeitsgruppen/Geophysik_Seismologie/forschung/ruptrack/openday http://www.geo.uni-potsdam.de/arbeitsgruppen/Geophysik_Seismologie/forschung/ruptrack
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Teal, Paul D., and p. teal@irl cri nz. "Real Time Characterisation of the Mobile Multipath Channel." The Australian National University. Research School of Information Sciences and Engineering, 2002. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20020722.085502.

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In this thesis a new approach for characterisation of digital mobile radio channels is investigated. The new approach is based on recognition of the fact that while the fading which is characteristic of the mobile radio channel is very rapid, the processes underlying this fading may vary much more slowly. The comparative stability of these underlying processes has not been exploited in system designs to date. Channel models are proposed which take account of the stability of the channel. Estimators for the parameters of the models are proposed, and their performance is analysed theoretically and by simulation and measurement. Bounds are derived for the extent to which the mobile channel can be predicted, and the critical factors which define these bounds are identified. Two main applications arise for these channel models. The first is the possibility of prediction of the overall system performance. This may be used to avoid channel fading (for instance by change of frequency), or compensate for it (by change of the signal rate or by power control). The second application is in channel equalisation. An equaliser based on a model which has parameters varying only very slowly can offer improved performance especially in the case of channels which appear to be varying so rapidly that the convergence rate of an equaliser based on the conventional model is not adequate. The first of these applications is explored, and a relationship is derived between the channel impulse response and the performance of a broadband system.
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Barnes, Joel B. "Real time kinematic GPS and multipath : characterisation and improved least squares modelling." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327235.

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Chliveros, Georgios. "Light scattering models for real-time bacteria characterisation in water based environments." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2005. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19461/.

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Bacteria can be said to be small particles in terms of their volume and can be modelled as near-index particles when the average refractive index of their body is close to that of the medium in which they are suspended. This is the case with water based environments whereas the bacterial scatterer is said to be a 'soft particle' and within the Rayleigh-Debye experimental bounds of applicability. However, discrepancies in the past have illustrated insufficiency of geometric assumptions, such as spherical symmetry and simplistic internal structures, as well as the assumption of 'transparency' of the particle. The aim of this work is to generalize the Rayleigh-Debye approximation in order to apply them to a wider class of not necessarily soft scatterers, hence departing from |m --- 1| < 1 to |m --- 1| < 1. We start by establishing a connection between the assumption on the functional expression of the internal field of small particles and that of the function of refractive index, to a generalisation for arbitrary number of layers within a particle of spherical symmetry. Based on the modification of the Rayleigh-Debye approximation (mRDG) with Bessel functions we proceed to formulate an extended version of the arbitrary layers particle for ellipsoidal forms. An application of this n-layer generalised mRDG to the bacterial domain optical properties via simulation, re-establishes the limits of the Rayleigh-Debye approximation as a result of the internal field modification. Finally, we consider the problem of populations of cells modelled as multilayered geometrical structure, consistent with assumptions from bacteriology concerning size distributions and their relationship to statistical frequency functions. The latter problem is examined both when the independent scattering condition is satisfied and when it is violated, leading to increased probability of multiple scattering. Examination of ensembles of inhomogeneous particles was possible due to our generalised approximation which is essentially acting on any infinitesimal volume, within the boundaries of the said layered structured particles, and is the main result of this work. The mathematical treatment presented within this thesis acts as an extension of the known near-index techniques in the theory of scattering for unlimited number of layers and internal distributions of refractive index.
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Brunskill, Henry Peter. "The real-time characterisation of dry machine element contacts using ultrasonic reflectometry." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6494/.

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For two components to be in contact, they must be physically touching. If two solids are touching, the contact is by definition inaccessible. How do engineers develop an understanding about a contact if the interface is inaccessible? Load, geometry and material properties govern the contact pressures of touching components. As they move against one another, the result is often wear and this inherently changes the contact behaviour. By understanding how interfaces interact in terms of contact pressure, contact area and wear, components can be optimised to reduce cost and maximise efficiency. Ultrasonic reflectometry has been widely used in medical imaging and non-destructive testing. It is a non-invasive technique that has the ability to probe deep into solid structures and extract information regarding the material and the interface. Two methods have been developed to measure wear in real-time based on ultrasonic time-of-flight and the resonant frequency model. The ultrasonic technique has also been applied to learn more about the contacting parts of machine elements. By analogising the interface asperities as springs, ultrasonic reflectometry can be used to calculate the interfacial stiffness and from this, contact pressure of a tribosystem. Previous work has been limited to laboratory based static measurements. This work builds on this technology to characterise dynamic machine elements with the hopes of developing industrial condition monitoring tools. This thesis is aimed to be a guide for those who wish to use ultrasound as a tool to measure and monitor a dry dynamic tribosystem. More specifically, this work highlights a series of recommendations and pitfalls for ultrasonic measurements of contact pressure and wear in industrial applications.
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Prince-Pike, Arrian. "Power characterisation of a Zigbee wireless network in a real time monitoring application." Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/800.

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Zigbee is a relatively new wireless mesh networking standard with emphasis on low cost and energy conservation. It is intended to be used in wireless monitoring and control applications such as sensors and remotely operated switches where the end devices are battery powered. Because it is a recent technology there is not sufficient understanding on how network architecture and configuration affect power consumption of the battery powered devices. This research investigates the power consumption and delivery ratio of Zigbee wireless mesh and star networks for a single sink real time monitoring system at varying traffic rates and the beacon and non beacon mode operation of its underlying standard IEEE 802.15.4 in the star network architecture. To evaluate the performance of Zigbee, the network operation was simulated using the simulation tool NS-2. NS-2 is capable of simulating the entire network operation including traffic generation and energy consumption of each node in the network. After first running the simulation it was obvious that there were problems in the configuration of the simulator as well as some unexpected behaviour. After performing several modifications to the simulator the results improved significantly. To validate the operation of the simulator and to give insight on the operation of Zigbee, a real Zigbee wireless network was constructed and the same experiments that were conducted on the simulator were repeated on the Zigbee network. The research showed that the modified simulator produced good results that were close to the experimental results. It was found that the non beacon mode of operation had the lowest power consumption and best delivery ratio at all tested traffic rates. The operation of Zigbee mesh and star networks were compared to the results for IEEE 802.15.4 star networks in non beacon mode which revealed that the extra routing traffic sent by the Zigbee networking layers does contribute significantly to the power consumption, however even with the extra routing traffic, power consumption is still so low that it the battery life of the device would be limited by the shelf life of the battery, not by the energy consumption of the device. This research has successfully achieved its objectives and identified areas for future development. The simulator model for NS-2 could be improved to further increase the accuracy of the results as well as include the Zigbee routing layers and the experimental results could be improved by a more accurate power consumption data acquisition method.
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Van, der Westhuyzen Petrus Johannes. "Probe characterisation, design and evaluation for the real-time quality indication of milk /." Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/476.

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Van, der Westhuyzen Petrus Johannes. "Probe characterisation, design and evaluation for the real-time quality Indication of milk." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1804.

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Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
In order to rapidly detect, monitor and predict changes in milk as it ferments, sensors would need to be designed specifically for milk. To this end, invasive surgical stainless steel probes were investigated and the probe impedances were characterised according to measurements made in various saline concentrations. Based on these findings, specific probes were designed that were robust and easy to use in milk. To measure multiple probe sensors continuously and accurately, an automatic measurement device was designed and manufactured. The device was self-sustaining, portable and calculated and stored all probe impedance data internally, allowing experimental runs to take place in controlled laboratory environments. The probes designed in this thesis were consequently tested in various milk fermentation experiments and it was found that surgical stainless steel probes were effective at detecting and monitoring fermentation changes. The probe impedance changes also lead the pH changes in milk, giving it a predictive element. The probe sensor studies provided enough data so that studies could be done into potential non-invasive sensors. Therefore, capacitive sensors were investigated and a fringe field capacitor was presented as a potential non-invasive milk fermentation sensor.
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Book chapters on the topic "Real time characterisation"

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Vipulanandan, Cumaraswamy. "Material Characterisation and Real-Time Monitoring." In Smart Cement, 17–32. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429298172-2.

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Trsek, Henning. "Industrial Environment Characterisation." In Isochronous Wireless Network for Real-time Communication in Industrial Automation, 35–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49158-4_3.

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Antonik, Piotr. "Real-Time Automated Tissue Characterisation for Intravascular OCT Scans." In Springer Theses, 137–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91053-6_6.

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Boker, Udi, and Karoliina Lehtinen. "Token Games and History-Deterministic Quantitative Automata." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 120–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99253-8_7.

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AbstractA nondeterministic automaton is history-deterministic if its nondeterminism can be resolved by only considering the prefix of the word read so far. Due to their good compositional properties, history-deterministic automata are useful in solving games and synthesis problems. Deciding whether a given nondeterministic automaton is history-deterministic (the problem) is generally a difficult task, which might involve an exponential procedure, or even be undecidable, for example for pushdown automata. Token games provide a PTime solution to the problem of Büchi and coBüchi automata, and it is conjectured that 2-token games characterise for all $$\omega $$ ω -regular automata. We extend token games to the quantitative setting and analyze their potential to help deciding for quantitative automata. In particular, we show that 1-token games characterise for all quantitative (and Boolean) automata on finite words, as well as discounted-sum ($${\mathsf {DSum}}$$ DSum ) automata on infinite words, and that 2-token games characterise of $${\mathsf {LimInf}}$$ LimInf and $${\mathsf {LimSup}}$$ LimSup automata. Using these characterisations, we provide solutions to the problem of $${\mathsf {Inf}}$$ Inf and $${\mathsf {Sup}}$$ Sup automata on finite words in PTime, for $${\mathsf {DSum}}$$ DSum automata on finite and infinite words in NP$$\cap $$ ∩ co-NP, for $${\mathsf {LimSup}}$$ LimSup automata in quasipolynomial time, and for $${\mathsf {LimInf}}$$ LimInf automata in exponential time, where the latter two are only polynomial for automata with a logarithmic number of weights.
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Akutagawa, S., H. Zhang, M. Terashima, and K. Tsujimura. "Measurement and real-time visual presentation of ground deformation ahead of mountain tunneling face using optical fibers." In Rock Characterisation, Modelling and Engineering Design Methods, 759–62. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b14917-136.

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Bourantas, Christos V., Katerina Naka, Dimitrios Fotiadis, and Lampros Michalis. "New Developments in Intracoronary Ultrasound Processing." In Handbook of Research on Advanced Techniques in Diagnostic Imaging and Biomedical Applications, 48–59. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-314-2.ch004.

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Intracoronary Ultrasound (ICUS) imaging is an intravascular catheter-based technique which provides real-time, high resolution, cross-sectional images of coronary arteries. In these images the lumen, the media-adventitia border, the plaque burden and the composition of the plaque can be identified. Conventionally, ICUS border detection is performed manually. However, this process is laborious and time consuming. To enhance the clinical applicability of ICUS, several automated algorithms have been developed for fast ICUS segmentation and characterisation of the type of the plaque. In this chapter the authors present an overview on the developments in ICUS processing and they describe advanced methodologies which fuse ICUS and X-ray angiographic data in order to overcome indigenous limitations of ICUS imaging and provide complete and geometrically correct coronary reconstruction.
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Amy, Dominique. "Breast Elastography." In Elastography - Applications in Clinical Medicine [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102445.

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Breast elastography has become a key complementary technique. A modality in the framework of breast pathology, complementary of B-mode imaging and colour doppler analysis. Breast ultrasound has provided morphological grayscale images and functional flow analysis of the soft breast tissues. Elastography now brings new physio-pathological information through the assessment of tissue elasticity. There are two different modalities: Real Time Elastography (RTE) and Shear Waves (SWE) ultrafast Imaging. Both techniques require a minimum adhesion to the skill rules for acquisition and interpretation so as to limit the operator dependant dimension and diagnostic errors. Elastography thus becomes perfectly reproducible with good accuracy in the different scores of the RTE or SWE classification. The aim of elastography in cancer screening is to achieve reliable lesion characterisation and better therapy monitoring/management.
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Manning, Louise, and Jan Mei Soon. "The value of product sampling in mitigating food adulteration." In A Handbook of Food Crime, 127–40. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447336013.003.0009.

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Food supply chain fraud occurs as a result of a multiplicity of drivers, motivations, and intended outcomes. The aim of this book chapter is to consider one aspect of food fraud, namely adulteration and provide comment on reported prevalence, and critique the use of countermeasures, including product sampling, to minimise, or where possible eliminate, food adulteration risk. Procedural and policy driven countermeasures and/or traditional process controls alone will not give sufficient protection against food adulteration. Instead additional measures such as risk based product testing, responsive surveillance and verification mechanisms that are underpinned by real-time supply chain intelligence also need to be in place. This requires food supply chain leaders and managers to firstly recognise the specific risk of food adulteration associated with their organisations and products, implement effective risk characterisation, risk assessment and risk mitigation, and appropriate food adulteration risk communication programs.
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Dobson, C. M. "The Role of NMR Spectroscopy in Understanding How Proteins Fold." In Biological NMR Spectroscopy. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195094688.003.0014.

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Proteins are synthesized within the cell on ribosomes. Although there is debate as to the beginnings of folding, it is clear that the major events in the folding process of a protein occur following departure from the ribosome. Folding may involve a series of auxiliary proteins, including molecular chaperones, and for extracellular proteins may occur in part following secretion from the cell itself (Ellis, 1994). Nevertheless, many proteins also fold efficiently and correctly in isolation, for example, following transfer from a denaturing medium to a medium in which the native state is thermodynamically stable (Anfinsen, 1973). It seems most unlikely, given the improbability that folding could occur in a finite time on a random search basis (Levinthal, 1968), that the principles behind the folding process differ fundamentally in the two situations (in vivo and in vitro). Studies of the molecular basis of protein folding are therefore appropriately initiated in vitro, where physical techniques capable of providing detailed structural information can be used most readily and where folding of molecules can be examined in isolation (Evans and Radford, 1994). It has long been recognized that NMR spectroscopy, with its ability to define protein structure and dynamics in solution, is ideally suited as a technique for studying the structural transitions that take place during folding. The rapidity of folding of small proteins under most conditions, however, has until recently limited its direct application in ‘real time’ kinetic studies. Early applications of NMR in folding studies therefore included investigations of the equilibrium between folded and unfolded states, and a search for stable intermediate species (Jardetzky et al., 1972). This approach has in fact become very important in recent years with the discovery that a wide range of stable partially structured states can be generated under carefully chosen conditions, and with the development of heteronuclear NMR techniques that make possible their detailed characterisation (Dobson, 1994). The most famous of these partially folded states are known as ‘molten globules’, compact species with extensive secondary structure but Sacking persistent tertiary interactions; these are of particular interest as they appeal to be closely linked to intermediates observed in kinetic refolding experiments (Ptitsyn, 1995).
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Olszok, Charis. "The Primordial Turn." In The Libyan Novel, 64–92. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474457453.003.0003.

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Chapter Two continues its focus on al-Nayhūm, al-Faqīh and al-Kūnī, turning to mythic and primordial imaginings, which reformulate narratives of creation, fall and evolution. I turn to the later work of the three authors, in which the primordial is conveyed through hybrid fiction, challenging the bounds of the novel, and reflecting the authors’ marginality as intellectuals in exile. Al-Nayhūm’s dystopian fable al-Qurūd (1984; The Primates), told in rhyming, rhythmic language, depicts the emergence of power struggles among jungle baboons. Al-Faqīh’s trilogy, Ḥadā’iq al-layl (1996; Gardens of the Night), is set in three worlds: Edinburgh, where a disillusioned student enters a series of destructive relationships; an ancient, utopian kingdom, inspired by The Thousand and One Nights, Sufi wisdom, and the natural world; and, finally, the socially and politically oppressed and oppressive Tripoli. Finally, al-Kūnī’s Anūbīs (2002; Anubis) brings to the geographically and epistemologically marginalised voices of animals in the Sahara the chronologically marginalised realm of deep, primordial time, telling the founding myth of the Tuareg, allegorising human alienation and homelessness. In each, the novel is radically rethought through the poetics of fable and myth, with characterisation shifting to abstract explorations of the primordial impulses of greed, violence and desire.
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Conference papers on the topic "Real time characterisation"

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Preciado, Miguel A., Kishan Dholakia, and Michael Mazilu. "Real-time optical eigenmode characterisation." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2014.fth3g.5.

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Clark, J. M., M. J. Shelton, S. P. Evans, P. D. Smith, I. A. Simpson, and P. H. Kaye. "A new real-time biological agent characterisation system." In European Symposium on Optics and Photonics for Defence and Security, edited by John C. Carrano, Arturas Zukauskas, Anthony W. Vere, James G. Grote, and François Kajzar. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.634065.

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Abdulkarim, Anar, Alexander Kharitonov, Taher M. El Gezeery, Mohamed Al Haddad, Yousif Ahmad Halawah, and Salem Al Sabea. "Integration of Seismic Poisson Impedance Data with Real-Time Geomechanics and Real-Time 3D Ultra-Deep Resistivity Inversion Enabled New Opportunities in Developed Field." In SPE Reservoir Characterisation and Simulation Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212656-ms.

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Abstract The Wara sandstone reservoir in the Minagish field of Kuwait Oil Company is a complex deposition of a typical pro-deltaic environment consisting of shaly-silty sandstone sequences W7-W1. Three sequences (W6, W5, and W3) were expected in the case study well. The objective was to set 9⅝-in. casing at the top of W6 and then drill through the Wara sequences to connect all of them and land and drill the lateral section within W3. The W6 sequence is typically the primary target in the Wara formation, being thick and consistent throughout the field. The next logical step in developing the Wara reservoir was to study and investigate the minor W5 and W3 members. Due to poor correlation of W5 and W3 channels in offset wells, the geological target was selected based on seismic Poisson impedance. Historically, targeting the Wara formation occasionally resulted in multiple sidetracks due to drilling challenges. A real-time geomechanics service was utilized to overcome drilling challenges and real-time 3D ultra-deep resistivity inversion was implemented to optimize well placement. An extensive pre-drilling study for geomechanical and ultra-deep resistivity inversion modelling helped to develop road map for an optimal and safe well-construction process. The study showed that utilization of real-time 3D ultra-deep resistivity (UDR) inversion would help to optimize well placement and maximize sweet-zone exposure. The original well design, mud properties, and drilling parameters were modified based on the geomechanical study. Additionally, real-time geomechanics services were utilized to monitor and control the drilling process to follow the road map, which helped to avoid drilling issues, geostop at the W6 channel, and finally to run the casing smoothly. Real-time 3D ultra-deep resistivity mapping in the lateral section helped the operator to drill through W6 and W5, land precisely, and drill the lateral in the W3 channel, which was well developed, as expected from seismic Poisson impedance analysis. Formation evaluation of lateral section showed an average porosity of 24 p.u., water saturation 11% and up to 3 D/cp mobility. The application of real-time 3D ultra-deep resistivity inversion helped to triple the planned formation exposure and to discover a geometric extension of the above deposited channels (W6 and W5), which will help for future field development. The flow test showed the highest production rates from W3 of the field. The integrated approach described above was recommended to be utilized for all future Wara wells.
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Kundu, Ashish, Taufique Ahmad Raza, Lichuan Deng, Ahmed Mohamed Soliman, Eslam Elabsy, Sarah Zemiti, and Alyazia Alhammadi. "Maximizing Value from Geosteering Efficiency by Integrating Real-Time Petrophysical Analysis." In SPE Reservoir Characterisation and Simulation Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212684-ms.

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Abstract Conventional geo-steering approach use raw logging measurements to define wellbore positioning within the reservoir while drilling. The geo-steering specialist usually compares real-time logs to modelled logs (GR/Density/Neutron/Resistivity) and the geological model is then adjusted to make real-time decisions to deliver the well objectives. This conventional method is applicable to most reservoir conditions. However, it may be insufficient or inappropriate in heterogeneous reservoirs or wells with complex geological settings, potentially resulting in wells being sub-optimally placed and reducing the value of reservoir sections in terms of productivity. This paper aims to showcase a Petrophysics-based Geo-steering approach to maximize the value of reservoir sections. Geo-steering aims to place the well trajectory in the lithology with optimum storage capacity, flow capacity and hydrocarbon saturation. The method of log-to-log comparison is popular for its simplicity and speed of use in real-time but is not enough for certain scenarios. For example, the real-time log response can be very different from modelled log response in the presence of gas or very light oil, irrespective of petrophysical properties (porosity/permeability) being similar. Moreover, real-time Sw estimation would be required in addition to porosity to minimize the risk of drilling a producer into water bearing intervals. In fact, the comparison between petrophysical parameters is more appropriate to heterogeneous reservoirs or wells with complicated geology. This approach requires good co-ordination between geologist, petrophysicist and geo-steering specialist. Prior to drilling, the petrophysical model from offset wells should be defined and used to derive porosity, permeability and saturation. While drilling, the petrophysical properties are then interpreted in real-time and based on the comparison between modelled and real-time petrophysical properties, decisions are to be made with respect to the well objectives. An example with strong gas effect in a carbonate reservoir from Abu Dhabi is presented to demonstrate this novel approach. Real-time density/neutron does not have good correlation with modelled density /neutron due to gas effect. Such poor correlation can be attributed to proximity to a Gas Oil Contact (GOC) and dynamic invasion, complicating the real-time geo-steering. However, real-time total porosity from log analysis correlates very well with modelled total porosity, providing confidence in wellbore positioning and allowing the geologist and the geo-steering specialist to make the correct real-time decision to place the well in the optimum stratigraphic position in order to meet the well objectives. Only conventional logs are utilized in this case, but if real-time NMR and resistivity image interpretation are available, it will provide additional information in term of permeability, secondary porosity and irreducible water saturation to aid efficient geo-steering.
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Madasu, Srinath, and Keshava Prasad Rangarajan. "Deep Recurrent Neural Network DRNN Model for Real-Time Step-Down Analysis." In SPE Reservoir Characterisation and Simulation Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/196621-ms.

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Wang, Shenglin, Peng Wang, Lyudmila Mihaylova, and Matthew Hill. "Real-time Activation Pattern Monitoring and Uncertainty Characterisation in Image Classification." In 2021 IEEE 24th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/fusion49465.2021.9627071.

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Di Palo, Arcangelo, Stefano Pianaro, Ada Crottini, Pamela Tempone, and Carla Sanasi. "Real Time Artificial Intelligence Assisted Operations Geology: Lithology and Fluids Early Identification and Automatic Well Correlation." In SPE Reservoir Characterisation and Simulation Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212669-ms.

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Abstract During the drilling of a well, a huge quantity of data is acquired in real-time. In order too mitigate risks due to geological uncertainties, to increase operational efficiency, to optimize processes and create new business models, Eni has developed its own cross-functional integrated data platform, which ensures data availability to all subsurface technical functions sharing a common data model. In this paper we describe an innovative approach, born from the collaboration between expert geologists and data scientists. The integrated team has developed a tool based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) supporting operations geologist during drilling phases. Two different tools have been created: litho-fluid interpretations, a set of AI algorithms used to identify in real-time the lithology and to interpret the formation fluids; well-to-well log correlation and look ahead, models used to find analogies between intervals of the well being drilled and the reference well, allowing to estimate the distance and time of arrival to a given geological event. The results obtained have been remarkable in terms of accuracy. The positive feedbacks from the operations geologists give the assurance of the usefulness of the tools and their expected benefits: the tools allow to better control geological uncertainties and speed up some repetitive and time-consuming tasks. The results presented in this paper are focused on two UAE applications of litho-fluid and well-to-well log correlations.
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Shelton, Matthew J., Steve P. Evans, Paul D. Smith, Innes A. Simpson, Paul H. Kaye, and James M. Clark. "Real-time biological agent detection using particle size, shape, and fluorescence characterisation." In European Symposium on Optics and Photonics for Defence and Security, edited by John C. Carrano and Arturas Zukauskas. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.573636.

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Faragasso, A., A. Stilli, J. Bimbo, Y. Noh, H. Liu, T. Nanayakkara, P. Dasgupta, H. A. Wurdemann, and K. Althoefer. "Endoscopic add-on stiffness probe for real-time soft surface characterisation in MIS." In 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6945121.

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Giuliani, Fabrice, Bernhard Wagner, Jakob Woisetschla¨ger, and Franz Heitmeir. "Laser Vibrometry for Real-Time Combustion Stability Diagnostic." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90413.

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Laser-based diagnostics for combustion monitoring are promising sensing techniques for the upcoming generation of build-in gas turbines measurement and control devices. Their principles are usually based on direct measurement of line-of-sight transmission, absorption, scattering or re-emission of laser light through the flame. We discuss here how a similar method based this time on interferometry can provide a refined analysis on dynamics of injected reactants and flame stability. Measurements are performed on a resonant premixed air/methane flame using Laser Vibrometry (LV). A method for detection of combustion instability within the primary zone is described, and dual LV measurements performed over the full flame cross section provide a refined analysis of the flow patterns. This technique, originally dedicated to structural dynamics, shows a high potential for low-cost and rapid flow characterisation during the benchmark tests of a gas turbine combustor. The discussion ends on feasibility for embarking Laser Vibrometry as a real-time combustion monitor.
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