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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Real Time automation'
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1
Howell, S. "The real-time optimisation of electron spectrometers." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356106.
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Blixt, Fanny. "Real-time auto-test monitoring system." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-85824.
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At Marginalen Bank, there are several microservices containing endpoints that are covered bytest automation. The documentation of which microservices and endpoints that are covered byautomated tests is currently done manually and is proven to contain mistakes. In the documentation, the test coverage for all microservices together and for every individual microserviceis presented. Marginalen Bank needs a way to automate this process with a system that cantake care of test coverage documentation and present the calculated data. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to find a way to create a real-time auto-test monitoring system thatautomatically detects and monitors microservices, endpoints, and test automation to documentand present test automation coverage on a website. The system is required to daily detect andupdate the documentation to be accurate and regularly find eventual changes. The implemented system that detects and documents the test automation coverage is calledTest Autobahn. For the system to detect all microservices, a custom hosted service was implemented that registers microservices. All microservices with the custom hosted service installedand extended to registers to Test Autobahn when deployed on a server. For the system todetect all endpoints of each microservice, a custom middleware was implemented that exposesall endpoints of a microservice with it installed. For the microservices to be able to install theseand get registered, a NuGet package containing the custom hosted service and the custom middleware, was created. To detect test automations, custom attributes models were created thatare supposed to be inserted into each test automation project. The custom attributes are placedin every test class and method within a project, to mark which microservice and endpoint thatis being tested within every automated test. The attributes of a project can be read throughthe assembly. To read the custom attributes within every test automation project, a consoleapplication, called Test Autobahn Automation Detector (TAAD), was implemented. TAADreads the assembly to detect the test automations and sends them to Test Autobahn. Test Autobahn couples the found test automation to the corresponding microservices and endpoints.TAAD is installed and ran on the build pipeline in Azure DevOps for each test automationproject to register the test automations. To daily detect and update the documentation of the test coverage, Quartz.NET hosted serviceis used. With Quartz.NET implemented, Test Autobahn can execute a specified job on a schedule. Within the job, Test Autobahn detects microservices and endpoints and calculates the testautomation coverage for the detection. The calculation of the test coverage from the latestdetection is presented on the webpage, containing both the test coverage for all microservicestogether and the test coverage for each microservice. According to the evaluations, the systemseems to function as anticipated, and the documentation is displaying the expected data.
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Bodner, Douglas Anthony. "Real-time control approaches to deadlock management in automated manufacturing systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25607.
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Aksu, Muharrem Ugur. "Environment behavior models for real-time reactive system testing automation." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Sep%5FAksu.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science and M.S. in Software Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Mikhail Auguston, Man-Tak Shing. "September 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-). Also available in print.
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Clare, Andrew S. "Modeling real-time human-automation collaborative scheduling of unmanned vehicles." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82469.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2013.This electronic version was submitted and approved by the author's academic department as part of an electronic thesis pilot project. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from department-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 325-336).
Recent advances in autonomy have enabled a future vision of single operator control of multiple heterogeneous Unmanned Vehicles (UVs). Real-time scheduling for multiple UVs in uncertain environments will require the computational ability of optimization algorithms combined with the judgment and adaptability of human supervisors. Automated Schedulers (AS), while faster and more accurate than humans at complex computation, are notoriously "brittle" in that they can only take into account those quantifiable variables, parameters, objectives, and constraints identified in the design stages that were deemed to be critical. Previous research has shown that when human operators collaborate with AS in real-time operations, inappropriate levels of operator trust, high operator workload, and a lack of goal alignment between the operator and AS can cause lower system performance and costly or deadly errors. Currently, designers trying to address these issues test different system components, training methods, and interaction modalities through costly human-in-the-loop testing. Thus, the objective of this thesis was to develop and validate a computational model of real-time human-automation collaborative scheduling of multiple UVs. First, attributes that are important to consider when modeling real-time human-automation collaborative scheduling were identified, providing a theoretical basis for the model proposed in this thesis. Second, a Collaborative Human-Automation Scheduling (CHAS) model was developed using system dynamics modeling techniques, enabling the model to capture non-linear human behavior and performance patterns, latencies and feedback interactions in the system, and qualitative variables such as human trust in automation. The CHAS model can aid a designer of future UV systems by simulating the impact of changes in system design and operator training on human and system performance. This can reduce the need for time-consuming human-in-the-loop testing that is typically required to evaluate such changes. It can also allow the designer to explore a wider trade space of system changes than is possible through prototyping or experimentation. Through a multi-stage validation process, the CHAS model was tested on three experimental data sets to build confidence in the accuracy and robustness of the model under different conditions. Next, the CHAS model was used to develop recommendations for system design and training changes to improve system performance. These changes were implemented and through an additional set of human subject experiments, the quantitative predictions of the CHAS model were validated. Specifically, test subjects who play computer and video games frequently were found to have a higher propensity to over-trust automation. By priming these gamers to lower their initial trust to a more appropriate level, system performance was improved by 10% as compared to gamers who were primed to have higher trust in the AS. The CHAS model provided accurate quantitative predictions of the impact of priming operator trust on system performance. Finally, the boundary conditions, limitations, and generalizability of the CHAS model for use with other real-time human-automation collaborative scheduling systems were evaluated.
by Andrew S. Clare.
Ph.D.
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Wong, Denis Kow Son. "Automation of region specific scanning for real time medical systems." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12027.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
X-rays have played a vital role in both the medical and security sectors. However, there is a limit to the amount of radiation a body can receive before it becomes a health risk. Modern low dose x-ray devices operate using a c-arm which moves across the entire human body. This research reduces the radiation applied to the human body by isolating the region that needs exposure. The medical scanner that this work is based on is still under development and therefore a prototype of the scanner is developed for running simulations. A camera is attached onto the prototype and used to point out the regions that are required to be scanned. This is both faster and more accurate than the traditional method of manually specifying the areas.
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Sun, Qi-zhi. "Knowledge-based interactive real-time control system in product-focused manufacturing environment." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292501.
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Puchol, Carlos Miguel. "An automation-based design methodolgy [sic] for distributed, hard real-time systems /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Otero, Sonia. "A real-time distributed analysis automation for hurricane surface wind observations." FIU Digital Commons, 2002. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3466.
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From 1993 until 1999, the Hurricane Research Division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) produced real-time analyses of surface wind observations to help determine a storm's wind intensity and extent. Limitations of the real-time analysis system included platform and filesystem dependency, lacking data integrity and feasibility for Internet deployment.
In 2000, a new system was developed, built upon a Java prototype of a quality control graphical client interface for wind observations and an object-relational database. The objective was to integrate them in a distributed object approach with the legacy code responsible for the actual real-time wind analysis and image product generation. Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) was evaluated, but Java Remote Method Invocation (AMI) offered important advantages in terms of reuse and deployment. Even more substantial, though, were the efforts towards object-oriented redesign, implementation and testing of the quality control interface and its database performance interaction.
As a result, a full-featured application can now be launched from the Web, potentially accessible by tropical cyclone forecast and warning centers worldwide.
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Vo, Do. "Automation, Annunciation, and Emergency Safety Shutdown of a Laboratory Microgrid Using a Real-Time Automation Controller (RTAC)." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2021. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2292.
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Over the last decade, microgrid deployments throughout the world have increased. In 2019, a record number of 546 microgrids were installed in the United States [1]. This trend continues upward to combat extreme weather conditions and power shortages throughout the country. To better equip students with the necessary skillsets and knowledge to advance in the microgrid field, Cal Poly San Luis Obispo's Electrical Engineering Department and the Power Energy Institute have invested resources to develop a laboratory microgrid.
This thesis sets to improve the laboratory microgrid's existing automation using the Schweitzer Engineering Laboratory SEL-3530 Real-time Automation Controller (RTAC). The improved automation features a new load-shedding scheme, LCD annunciator and meter panel, and emergency safety shutdown system. The load shedding scheme aims to enhance the grid's frequency stability when the inverter-based power output declines. The LCD annunciator and meter panels provide real-time oversight of the microgrid operating conditions via the RTAC Human Machine Interface (HMI). The emergency safety shutdown enables prompt de-energization and complete isolation of the laboratory microgrid in hazardous conditions such as earthquake, fire, arcing, and equipment malfunction and activates an audible siren to alert help. This safety system provides safety and peace of mind for students and faculties who operate the Microgrid. Lastly, this thesis provides an operating procedure for ease of operation and experiment.
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Lindner, Marcus. "Robust industrial automation software: outsets for non-determinism and real-time execution." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, EISLAB, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-25969.
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Studies about the industrial standard IEC 61499 and its relation to the RTFM Model of Computation represent the basis of this thesis. An overview of industrial automation software in general and in the scope of Svenska Kraftnät introduces the subject of software related issues. The thesis focuses on selected properties, which are important for software development to improve the robustness of industrial automation software. Among others, timing is essential due to its importance in real-time applications. An example case of the nuclear power plant Forsmark in Sweden illustrates problems correlated with timing issues and makes the lack of an overall system modelling (including timing) evident. A review of the relevant industrial standards for software development in industrial applications provides a background for various aspects of software compliance to safety requirements. Special attention lies on the standards IEC 61131 and IEC 61499 for industrial software development and their programming and execution model. The presented RTFM framework defines a concurrent model of execution based on tasks and resources together with a timing semantics that was designed from the outset for the development of embedded real-time systems. It can serve as a scheduling and resource management for the run-time environments of industrial applications, while addressing the aforementioned issues. Mappings from the functional layer (IEC 61499 function block networks) and safety layer (PLCopen safety function blocks) to RTFM show the applicability and possibility of using IEC 61499 as an overall, distributed, and hierarchical model. A discussion on options for future work presents choices to pursue the second half of the PhD studies. Formal methods for program specification and verification open up an interesting path to further increase the robustness of industrial automation software.Godkänd; 2016; 20160318 (maalin); Nedanstående person kommer att hålla licentiatseminarium för avläggande av teknologie licentiatexamen. Namn: Marcus Lindner Ämne: Inbyggda system/Embedded Systems Uppsats: Robust Industrial Automation Software: Outsets for Non-determinism and Real-time Execution Examinator: Professor Per Lindgren, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, Avdelning: EISLAB, Luleå tekniska universitet. Diskutant: PhD Alois Zoitl, Division: Control Systems Engineering, Manufactureing Engineering, Fortiss GmbH An-Institut Technische Universität München, Germany. Tid: Tisdag 3 maj, 2016 kl 13.15 Plats: A1547, Luleå tekniska universitet
Frekvensomriktares funktion i beredskapskritiska system
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Olawale, Babatunde Olumide. "Near real-time monitoring of buried oil pipeline right-of-way for third-party incursion." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/65408/.
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Many security systems employing different methods have been proposed to protect buried oil pipelines transporting petroleum products from the well head via the refinery to: depots and other receiving stations. Currently there is a security gap in the monitoring of these buried pipelines in real time and in keeping them protected from third party interference. This thesis addresses the problem of monitoring these systems by developing an automated image analysis system with the aid of a low-cost multisensory Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for monitoring of buried pipeline right-of-way (ROW). The method used in this research is based on the identification of threat objects of interest from the video frame sequences of the pipeline right-of-way acquired by the UAV. This is achieved by training the system to recognise objects of interest using trained correlation filters. To determine the geographical location of detected objects, the Video frame sequences captured by the UAV platform were ortho-rectified to form ortho-images which were then mosaicked to form a seamless Digital Surface Model (DSM) covering the test area using a photogrammetry model. The DSM formed from the mosaicking of ortho-images is then emerged with a digital globe for geo-referencing of detected objects. Experiments were carried out on a test field located in United Kingdom and Nigeria, where video and telemetry data were collected, then processed using the techniques created in this research. The results demonstrated that the developed correlation filter was able to detect objects of interest despite the distortions that come with the object image, due to the fact that the expected distortion was compensated for using the training images. When compared with the 6 control points in the digital globe the accuracy of the two-dimension DSM gave a misalignment error of between 2 and 3 metres.
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Mahmud, Nesredin. "Automated Orchestra for Industrial Automation on Virtualized Multicore Environment." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-23672.
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Industrial control systems are applied in many areas e.g., motion control for industrial robotics, process control of large plants such as in the area of oil and gas, and in large national power grids. Since the last decade with advancement and adoption of virtualization and multicore technology (e.g., Virtual Monitoring Machine, cloud computing, server virtualization, application virtualization), IT systems, automation industries have benefited from low investment, effective system management and high service availability. However, virtualization and multicore technologies have posed a serious challenge to real-time systems, which is violating timeliness and predictability of real-time application running on control systems. To address the challenge, we have extended a real-time component-based framework with virtual nodes; and evaluated the framework in the context of virtualized multicore environment. The evaluation is demonstrated by modeling and implementing an orchestra application with QoS for CPU, memory and network bandwidth. The orchestra application is a real-time and distributed application deployed on virtualized multicore PCs connected with speakers. The result shows undistorted orchestra performance played through speakers connected to physical computer nodes. The contribution of the thesis can be considered: 1) extending a real-time component-based framework, Future Automation Software Architecture (FASA) with virtual nodes using Virtual Computation Resource (VCR) and 2) design and installation of reusable test environment for development, debugging and testing of real-time application on a network of virtualized multicore environment.Vinnova project “AUTOSAR for Multi-Core in Automotive and Automation Industries “
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Winkel, Reik, and Matthias Rabel. "Mine Digitalization: Automation and Collision Avoidance by Radar-tag Localization and Radar-scan Mapping (UPNS4D+)." Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-231178.
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Motivation
Mine digitization is a consequent approach to establish industry 4.0 / IoT related mine operation models based on various dimensions: flexibility, coverage, real-time capability and analytics. Networking technology, wired and wireless, can be easily deployed large scale. Miniaturized sensors, thus can be placed anywhere.
Laser technology has been successfully used for more than a decade in the manufacturing industry. However, due to restrictions found in challenging heavy industry environments, such as dust, fog, rain or snow, laser technology can only rarely be found in mining applications. At the same time, technology-supported geometrical environmental scanning is essential for the control of mining machines. GPS in open pit mining is the state of the art technology for machine allocation and dispatch, whereby an underground equivalent is still missing.
Because of this technology gap, many machines are frequently operated beyond their original design boundaries, and not according to the production planning which may result in significant safety impacts and collisions. Recent breakthroughs in radar technology both in 2D/3D passive scanning as well as /3D Active localization is bound to trigger a revolution in mining. In close collaboration with major universities, radar technology has been developed to mature and ruggedized industrial sensors by indurad.
The public funded project “UPNS4D+” which stands for “Underground 4D+ Positioning, Navigation and Mapping System“, funded by BMBF (FKZ: 033R126), focuses on fully autonomous operated vehicles, including navigation, orientation, collision avoidance by driving autonomously around obstacles whether detected with the radar-tag system or by environmental Radar-scan.
Asset and Personnel Localization
Radar-tags are suitable to detect any tagged object or person. Vehicle based Radar-radios are used to measure distances and angles to radar-tags, relative to the vehicle. Any other machinery, person helmets, equipment can be tagged and thus can be localized. Based on this information, collision avoidance systems can be realized, by informing the vehicles operator or as break assistance system. Next to important localizations “geotags”, e.g. at crushers, the system can be used to exactly position vehicles, like LHDs to perfectly dump the moved material. Virtual fences can be realized to stop machinery if anyone enters a secured area. This enables fast operation e.g. at drill rigs, where manual work is required, when drill pipes have to be added. In room and pillar environments road crossings can be secured, by detecting exactly the own position at the crossing and observation other vehicles.
Environmental Face and Rib Mapping
Radar-scan Mapping is further, very advanced radar based technology to measure 2D planes or even the complete 3D environment around vehicles. As well infrastructure based usage might be considered, e.g. at crossings or crushers. Autonomous mapping radar scans algorithms are developed to reconstruct the surrounding and to detect the own driven trajectory including 3D translation, rotation.
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Nilsson, Robert. "Automated Selective Test Case Generation Methods for Real-Time Systems." Thesis, University of Skövde, Department of Computer Science, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-487.
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This work aims to investigate the state of the art in test case generation for real-time systems, to analyze existing methods, and to propose future research directions in this area. We believe that a combination of design for testability, automation, and sensible test case selection is the key for verifying modern real-time systems. Existing methods for system-level test case generation for real-time systems are presented, classified, and evaluated against a real-time system model. Significant for real-time systems is that timeliness is crucial for their correctness. Our system model of the testing target adopts the event-triggered design paradigm for maximum flexibility. This paradigm results in target systems that are harder to test than its time-triggered counterpart, but the model improves testability by adopting previously proposed constraints on application behavior. This work investigates how time constraints can be tested using current methods and reveals problems relating to test-case generation for verifying such constraints. Further, approaches for automating the test-case generation process are investigated, paying special attention to methods aimed for real-time systems. We also note a need for special test-coverage criteria for concurrent and real-time systems to select test cases that increase confidence in such systems. We analyze some existing criteria from the perspective of our target model. The results of this dissertation are a classification of methods for generating test cases for real-time systems, an identification of contradictory terminology, and an increased body of knowledge about problems and open issues in this area. We conclude that the test-case generation process often neglects the internal behavior of the tested system and the properties of its execution environment as well as the effects of these on timeliness. Further, we note that most of the surveyed articles on testing methods incorporate automatic test-case generation in some form, but few consider the issues of automated execution of test cases. Four high-level future research directions are proposed that aim to remedy one or more of the identified problems.
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Yang, Jinsong. "Data Distribution Service for Industrial Automation." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-15483.
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In industrial automation systems, there is usually large volume of data which needs to be delivered to right places at the right time. In addition, large number of nodes in the automation systems are usually distributed which increases the complexity that there needs to be more point-to-point Ethernet-connections in the network. Hence, it is necessary to apply data-centric design and reduce the connection complexity. Data Distributed Service for Real-Time Systems (DDS) is a data-centric middleware specification adopted by Object Management Group (OMG). It uses the Real-Time Publish-Subscribe protocol as its wiring protocol and targets for mission- and business-critical systems. The IEC 61499 Standard defines an open architecture for the next generation of distributed control and automation systems. This thesis presents the structure and key features of DDS and builds a model of real-time distributed system based on the IEC 61499 Standard. Then a performance evaluation of the DDS communication based on this model is carried out. The traditional socket-based communication is also evaluated to act as a reference for the DDS communication. The results of the evaluation mostly show that DDS is considered as a good solution to reduce the complexity of the Ethernet connections in distributed systems and can be applied to some classes of industrial automation systems.
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Menon, Malavika Vasudevan. "Parameter Estimation Technique for Models in PSS/E using Real-Time Data and Automation." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2017. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2436.
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The purpose of this thesis is to use automation to create appropriate models in PSS/E with the data from Hardware-in-Loop real-time simulations. With the increase in technology of power electronics, the use of High Voltage Direct Current Technology and Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System devices in the electrical power system have increased tremendously. Static Var Compensators are widely used and it is important to have accurate and reliable models for studies relating to power systems planning and interaction. An automation method is proposed to find the parameters of an SVC model in PSS/E with the data from the Hardware-in- loop real-time simulation of the SVC physical controller using Hypersim. The effect of the SVC on the system under steady state and fault conditions are analyzed with HIL simulation of an SVC physical controller in Hypersim and its corresponding model in PSS/E in the IEEE 14 bus system. The parameters of the SVC model in PSS/E can be effectively varied to bring its response closer to that of the response from HIL simulations in Hypersim. An error function is used as a measure to understand the extent of difference between the model and the physical controller.
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Sudhakaran, Nair Sudhesh. "A Virtual Framework for Semi-Autonomous Robotic Surgery using Real-Time Spatial Mapping." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1378196074.
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Yukishima, Cláudia Tomie. "Desenvolvimento de ferramenta de engenharia para aplicação de simulação em tempo real em plantas industriais automatizadas "FASTR"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-13122006-181617/.
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Este trabalho de pesquisa apresenta a fundamentação teórica da simulação de sistemas, a motivação e os objetivos para o estudo e o desenvolvimento de técnicas para efetuar a simulação em tempo real. Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento da Arquitetura de Software da ferramenta de Engenharia denominada FASTR (Ferramenta de engenharia para Aplicação de Simulação em Tempo Real), que possui o objetivo de alimentar o sistema de simulação com dados da planta industrial em tempo real. Este trabalho também apresenta a arquitetura de Hardware empregada para testar e validar a FASTR. Os testes, resultados e análises obtidos com a FASTR são apresentados neste trabalho para comprovar e convalidar a aplicabilidade da mesma como ferramenta de engenharia para análise de projetos e de análise de desempenhos de plantas industriais automatizadas.This research work presents the theoretical basis of systems simulation, the motivation and the objectives of study and development of techniques to execute real time simulation. This research work presents the development of Software Arquitecture of the engineering tool named FASTR (engineering tool for application of real time simulation in automated industrial plants), that has the objective of feeding the simulation system with data of the industrial plant in real time. This work also presents the used Hardware Architecture to test and to validate the FASTR. The tests, results and analyses obtained with the FASTR are presented in this work to prove and to validate the applicability of the same one as an engineering tool for analysis of projects and analysis of performances of automated industrial plants.
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Winkel, Reik, and Matthias Rabel. "Mine Digitalization: Automation and Collision Avoidance by Radar-tag Localization and Radar-scan Mapping (UPNS4D+)." TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 2017. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23180.
Full textAbstract:
Motivation
Mine digitization is a consequent approach to establish industry 4.0 / IoT related mine operation models based on various dimensions: flexibility, coverage, real-time capability and analytics. Networking technology, wired and wireless, can be easily deployed large scale. Miniaturized sensors, thus can be placed anywhere.
Laser technology has been successfully used for more than a decade in the manufacturing industry. However, due to restrictions found in challenging heavy industry environments, such as dust, fog, rain or snow, laser technology can only rarely be found in mining applications. At the same time, technology-supported geometrical environmental scanning is essential for the control of mining machines. GPS in open pit mining is the state of the art technology for machine allocation and dispatch, whereby an underground equivalent is still missing.
Because of this technology gap, many machines are frequently operated beyond their original design boundaries, and not according to the production planning which may result in significant safety impacts and collisions. Recent breakthroughs in radar technology both in 2D/3D passive scanning as well as /3D Active localization is bound to trigger a revolution in mining. In close collaboration with major universities, radar technology has been developed to mature and ruggedized industrial sensors by indurad.
The public funded project “UPNS4D+” which stands for “Underground 4D+ Positioning, Navigation and Mapping System“, funded by BMBF (FKZ: 033R126), focuses on fully autonomous operated vehicles, including navigation, orientation, collision avoidance by driving autonomously around obstacles whether detected with the radar-tag system or by environmental Radar-scan.
Asset and Personnel Localization
Radar-tags are suitable to detect any tagged object or person. Vehicle based Radar-radios are used to measure distances and angles to radar-tags, relative to the vehicle. Any other machinery, person helmets, equipment can be tagged and thus can be localized. Based on this information, collision avoidance systems can be realized, by informing the vehicles operator or as break assistance system. Next to important localizations “geotags”, e.g. at crushers, the system can be used to exactly position vehicles, like LHDs to perfectly dump the moved material. Virtual fences can be realized to stop machinery if anyone enters a secured area. This enables fast operation e.g. at drill rigs, where manual work is required, when drill pipes have to be added. In room and pillar environments road crossings can be secured, by detecting exactly the own position at the crossing and observation other vehicles.
Environmental Face and Rib Mapping
Radar-scan Mapping is further, very advanced radar based technology to measure 2D planes or even the complete 3D environment around vehicles. As well infrastructure based usage might be considered, e.g. at crossings or crushers. Autonomous mapping radar scans algorithms are developed to reconstruct the surrounding and to detect the own driven trajectory including 3D translation, rotation.
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Venturini, Valéria Paula. "Desenvolvimento de um mestre PROFIBUS com a finalidade de análise de desempenho." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18149/tde-06122007-155730/.
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Quando se dispõe de um sistema de controle distribuído em tempo real, o atendimento aos requisitos temporais constitui-se num fator crucial para a aplicação. Assim, para garantir que tais requisitos sejam atendidos, é fundamental que o tráfego de mensagens no barramento seja gerenciado e controlado apropriadamente, evitando-se atrasos na comunicação para não prejudicar a performance do sistema e do produto final. Este trabalho apresenta um mestre PROFIBUS desenvolvido em PC, cujas finalidades foram analisar por meio de dados experimentais, a influência do parâmetro TTR no tempo de atualização das variáveis de processo no sistema e o tempo de reintegração da estação-mestre no anel lógico após perda de mensagem de token.Using a real-time distributed control system, it is crucial to fullfill the time requirements for an application. Therefore, to guarantee that these requirements are fulfilled, it is essential to manage and control the message traffic in the bus properly, avoiding delays in the communication that could compromise the final product and the system performance. This study presents a PROFIBUS master based on PC. The main purpose of the PROFIBUS master is to analyze, using empirical data, the influence of the TTR parameter in the updating time of the process variables and the time interval to reintegrate a master device to the logical ring after a token message is lost.
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Bougueng, Tchemeube Renaud. "Location-Aware Business Process Management for Real-time Monitoring of Patient Care Processes." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24336.
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Long wait times are a global issue in the healthcare sector, particularly in Canada. Despite numerous research findings on wait time management, the issue persists. This is partly because for a given hospital, the data required to conduct wait times analysis is currently scattered across various information systems. Moreover, such data is usually not accurate (because of possible human errors), imprecise and late. The whole situation contributes to the current state of wait times.
This thesis proposes a location-aware business process management system for real-time care process monitoring. More precisely, the system enables an improved visibility of process execution by gathering, as processes execute, accurate and granular process information including wait time measurements. The major contributions of this thesis include an architecture for the system, a prototype taking advantages of commercial real-time location system combined with a business process management system to accurately measure wait times, as well as a case study based on a real cardiology process from an Ontario hospital.
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Gungor, Vehbi Cagri. "Real-Time and Reliable Communication in Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16366.
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Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (WSANs) are composed of heterogeneous nodes referred to as sensors and actors. Sensors are low-cost, low-power, multi-functional devices that communicate untethered in short distances. Actors collect and process sensor data and perform appropriate actions on the environment. Hence, actors are resource-rich devices equipped with higher processing and transmission capabilities, and longer battery life. In WSANs, the collaborative operation of the sensors enables the distributed sensing of a physical phenomenon. After sensors detect an event in the deployment field, the event data is distributively processed and transmitted to the actors, which gather, process, and eventually reconstruct the event data. WSANs can be considered a distributed control system designed to react to sensor information with an effective and timely action. For this reason, in WSANs it is important to provide real-time coordination and communication to guarantee timely execution of the right actions. The energy efficiency of the networking protocols is also a major concern, since sensors are resource-constrained devices. Hence, the unique characteristics and challenges coupled with the limitations of wireless environments call for novel networking protocols for WSANs. The objective of this research is to develop new communication protocols to support real-time and reliable event data delivery with minimum energy consumption in WSANs. The proposed solutions dynamically adjust their protocol configurations to adapt to the heterogeneous characteristics of WSANs. Specifically, the interactions between contention resolution and congestion control mechanisms as well as the physical layer effects in WSANs are investigated. Next, a real-time and reliable transport protocol is proposed to achieve reliable and timely event detection with congestion avoidance in WSANs. In addition, a resource-aware and link-quality-based routing protocol is presented to address energy limitations and link quality variations in WSANs. Finally, the electric utility automation applications of WSANs are presented and the propagation characteristics of wireless channel in different utility environments are investigated.
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Hasanzadeh, Mujtaba, and Alexandra Hengl. "Real-Time Pupillary Analysis By An Intelligent Embedded System." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Inbyggda system, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-44352.
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With no online pupillary analysis methods today, both the medical and the research fields are left to carry out a lengthy, manual and often faulty examination. A real-time, intelligent, embedded systems solution to pupillary analysis would help reduce faulty diagnosis, speed-up the analysis procedure by eliminating the human expert operator and in general, provide a versatile and highly adaptable research tool. Therefore, this thesis has sought to investigate, develop and test possible system designs for pupillary analysis, with the aim for caffeine detection. A pair of LED manipulator glasses have been designed to standardize the illumination method across testing. A data analysis method of the raw pupillary data has been established offline and then adapted to a real-time platform. ANN was chosen as classification algorithm. The accuracy of the ANN from the offline analysis was 94% while for the online classification the obtained accuracy was 17%. A realtime data communication and synchronization method has been developed. The resulting system showed reliable and fast execution times. Data analysis and classification took no longer than 2ms, faulty data detection showed consistent results. Data communication suffered no message loss. In conclusion, it is reported that a real-time, intelligent, embedded solution is feasible for pupillary analysis.
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Chahal, Ashwani. "In Situ Detection of Road Lanes Using Raspberry Pi." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7051.
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A self-driven car is a vehicle that can drive without human intervention by making correct decisions based on the environmental conditions. Since the innovation is in its beginning periods, totally moving beyond the human inclusion is still a long shot. However, rapid technological advancements are being made towards the safety of the driver and the passengers. One such safety feature is a Lane Detection System that empowers vehicle to detect road lane lines in various climate conditions.
This research provides a feasible and economical solution to detect the road lane lines while driving in a sunny, rainy, or snowy weather condition. An algorithm is designed to perform real time road lane line detection on a low voltage computer that can be easily powered in a regular auto vehicle.
The algorithm runs on a RaspberryPi computer placed inside the car. A camera, attached to the vehicle’s windshield, captures the real time images and passes them to the RaspberryPi for processing. The algorithm processes each frame and determines the lane lines. The detected lane lines can be viewed on a 7 inch display screen connected to the Raspberry Pi. The entire system is mounted inside a Jeep Wrangler to conduct the experiments and is powered by the vehicle’s standard charger of 12V-15V power supply. The algorithm provides approximately 97% accurate detection of road lane lines in all weather conditions.
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Marcus, Ventovaara, and Hasanbegović Arman. "A Method for Optimised Allocation of System Architectures with Real-time Constraints." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-39492.
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Optimised allocation of system architectures is a well researched area as it can greatly reduce the developmental cost of systems and increase performance and reliability in their respective applications.In conjunction with the recent shift from federated to integrated architectures in automotive, and the increasing complexity of computer systems, both in terms of software and hardware, the applications of design space exploration and optimised allocation of system architectures are of great interest.This thesis proposes a method to derive architectures and their allocations for systems with real-time constraints.The method implements integer linear programming to solve for an optimised allocation of system architectures according to a set of linear constraints while taking resource requirements, communication dependencies, and manual design choices into account.Additionally, this thesis describes and evaluates an industrial use case using the method wherein the timing characteristics of a system were evaluated, and, the method applied to simultaneously derive a system architecture, and, an optimised allocation of the system architecture.This thesis presents evidence and validations that suggest the viability of the method and its use case in an industrial setting.The work in this thesis sets precedence for future research and development, as well as future applications of the method in both industry and academia.
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Valentim, Ricardo Alesxandro de Medeiros. "Protocolo multiciclos para automa??o hospitalar sobre Multicast com IEEE 802.3 utilizando." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15120.
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Previous issue date: 2008-10-31The concepts of the industrial automation are being incorporated in the medical area, in other words, they also pass to be applied in the hospital automation. In this sense, researches have been developed and have usually been approached several of the problems that are pertinent to the processes that can be automated in the hospital environment. Considering that in the automation processes, an imperative factor is the communication, because the systems are usually distributed, the network for data transference becomes itself an important point in these processes. Because this network should be capable to provide the exchange of data and to guarantee the demands that are imposed by the automation process. In this context, this doctorate thesis proposed, specified, analyzed and validated the Multicycles Protocol for Hospital Automation (MP-HA), which is customized to assist the demands in these automation processes, seeking to guarantee the determinism in the communications and to optimize the factor of use of the mean of transmission
Os conceitos da automa??o industrial j? est?o a algum tempo sendo incorporados na ?rea m?dica, passando tamb?m a ser utilizados na automa??o hospitalar. Nesse sentido, v?rias pesquisas t?m sido desenvolvidas e geralmente tem abordado v?rios dos problemas que s?o pertinentes aos processos que podem ser automatizados no ambiente hospitalar. Considerando que, nos processos de automa??o, um fator imperativo ? a comunica??o, visto que os sistemas geralmente s?o distribu?dos, a rede para transfer?ncia de dados passa a ser um elemento fundamental desses processos, pois devem ser capazes de prover a troca de dados e garantir ?s exig?ncias impostas pelo processo de automa??o. ? nesse contexto, que a presente tese de doutorado prop?s, especificou, validou e analisou o PM-AH (Protocolo Multiciclos para Automa??o Hospitalar). O PM-AH ? customizado para atender as exig?ncias dos processos de monitoramento de pacientes (redes de controle) em ambientes hospitalares e visa garantir o determinismo nas comunica??es, otimizando o fator de utiliza??o do meio de transmiss?o
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Jansson, Daniel, and Rasmus Blomstrand. "REAL-TIME PREDICTION OF SHIMS DIMENSIONS IN POWER TRANSFER UNITS USING MACHINE LEARNING." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-45615.
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Borngrund, Carl. "Machine vision for automation of earth-moving machines : Transfer learning experiments with YOLOv3." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-75169.
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This master thesis investigates the possibility to create a machine vision solution for the automation of earth-moving machines. This research was done as without some type of vision system it will not be possible to create a fully autonomous earth moving machine that can safely be used around humans or other machines. Cameras were used as the primary sensors as they are cheap, provide high resolution and is the type of sensor that most closely mimic the human vision system. The purpose of this master thesis was to use existing real time object detectors together with transfer learning and examine if they can successfully be used to extract information in environments such as construction, forestry and mining. The amount of data needed to successfully train a real time object detector was also investigated. Furthermore, the thesis examines if there are specifically difficult situations for the defined object detector, how reliable the object detector is and finally how to use service-oriented architecture principles can be used to create deep learning systems. To investigate the questions formulated above, three data sets were created where different properties were varied. These properties were light conditions, ground material and dump truck orientation. The data sets were created using a toy dump truck together with a similarly sized wheel loader with a camera mounted on the roof of its cab. The first data set contained only indoor images where the dump truck was placed in different orientations but neither the light nor the ground material changed. The second data set contained images were the light source was kept constant, but the dump truck orientation and ground materials changed. The last data set contained images where all property were varied. The real time object detector YOLOv3 was used to examine how a real time object detector would perform depending on which one of the three data sets it was trained using. No matter the data set, it was possible to train a model to perform real time object detection. Using a Nvidia 980 TI the inference time of the model was around 22 ms, which is more than enough to be able to classify videos running at 30 fps. All three data sets converged to a training loss of around 0.10. The data set which contained more varied data, such as the data set where all properties were changed, performed considerably better reaching a validation loss of 0.164 compared to the indoor data set, containing the least varied data, only reached a validation loss of 0.257. The size of the data set was also a factor in the performance, however it was not as important as having varied data. The result also showed that all three data sets could reach a mAP score of around 0.98 using transfer learning.
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Zaitouni, Wael K. "Applied Real-Time Integrated Distributed Control Systems: An Industrial Overview and an Implemented Laboratory Case Study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc862854/.
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This thesis dissertation mainly compares and investigates laboratory study of different implementation methodologies of applied control systems and how they can be adopted in industrial, as well as commercial, automation applications. Namely the research paper aims to assess or evaluate eventual feedback control loops' performance and robustness over multiple conventional or state-of-the-art technologies in the field of applied industrial automation and instrumentation by implementing a laboratory case study setup: the ball on beam system. Hence, the paper tries to close the gap between industry and academia by: first, conducting a historical study and background information of main evolutional and technological eras in the field of industrial process control automation and instrumentation. Then, some related basic theoretical as well as practical concepts are reviewed in Chapter 2 of the report before displaying the detailed design. After that, the next Chapter, analyses the ball on beam control system problem as the case studied in the context of this research through reviewing previous literature, modeling and simulation. The following Chapter details the proposed design and implementation of the ball on beam case study as if it is under the introduced distributed industrial automation architecture. Finally, Chapter 5 concludes this work by listing several points leaned, remarks, and observations, and stating possible development and the future vision of this research.
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Almadi, Soloman Moses. "Converged IP-over-standard ethernet progress control networks for hydrocarbon process automation applications controllers." Thesis, Brunel University, 2011. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/8365.
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The maturity level of Internet Protocol (IP) and the emergence of standard Ethernet interfaces of Hydrocarbon Process Automation Application (HPAA) present a real opportunity to combine independent industrial applications onto an integrated IP based network platform. Quality of Service (QoS) for IP over Ethernet has the strength to regulate traffic mix and support timely delivery. The combinations of these technologies lend themselves to provide a platform to support HPAA applications across Local Area Network (LAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN) networks. HPAA systems are composed of sensors, actuators, and logic solvers networked together to form independent control system network platforms. They support hydrocarbon plants operating under critical conditions that — if not controlled — could become dangerous to people, assets and the environment. This demands high speed networking which is triggered by the need to capture data with higher frequency rate at a finer granularity. Nevertheless, existing HPAA network infrastructure is based on unique autonomous systems, which has resulted in multiple, parallel and separate networks with limited interconnectivity supporting different functions. This created increased complexity in integrating various applications and resulted higher costs in the technology life cycle total ownership. To date, the concept of consolidating HPAA into a converged IP network over standard Ethernet has not yet been explored. This research aims to explore and develop the HPAA Process Control Systems (PCS) in a Converged Internet Protocol (CIP) using experimental and simulated networks case studies. Results from experimental and simulation work showed encouraging outcomes and provided a good argument for supporting the co-existence of HPAA and non-HPAA applications taking into consideration timeliness and reliability requirements. This was achieved by invoking priority based scheduling with the highest priority being awarded to PCS among other supported services such as voice, multimedia streams and other applications. HPAA can benefit from utilizing CIP over Ethernet by reducing the number of interdependent HPAA PCS networks to a single uniform and standard network. In addition, this integrated infrastructure offers a platform for additional support services such as multimedia streaming, voice, and data. This network‐based model manifests itself to be integrated with remote control system platform capabilities at the end user's desktop independent of space and time resulting in the concept of plant virtualization.
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Dietrich, Steven [Verfasser], Rolf [Gutachter] Kraemer, Theo [Gutachter] Vierhaus, and Ludwig [Gutachter] Leurs. "Methods of evaluation and improvement on cascaded wired and wireless real-time communication networks for factory automation / Steven Dietrich ; Gutachter: Rolf Kraemer, Theo Vierhaus, Ludwig Leurs." Cottbus : BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1232728977/34.
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Malaviya, Anoop Kumar. "Decision mechanism, knowledge representation, and software architecture for an intelligent control system." University of Western Australia. Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 1998. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0127.
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[Truncated abstract] This thesis analyses the problem of Intelligent Control for large industrial plants and suggests a hierarchical, distributed, object-oriented architecture for Intelligent Control. The architecture is called MLIAC (Multi Level Intelligent Adaptive Control) Architecture. The MLIAC architecture is inspired by biological control systems (which are flexible, and are capable of adapting to unstructured environments with ease) and the success of the distributed architecture SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) Systems. The MLIAC Architecture structures the decision and control mechanism for the real-time properties namely safety, liveliness, and timeliness . . . In addition, three case studies have been reported. The case studies cover the control of a Flexible Manufacturing System and the Mine Products Quality Control. The results show that MLIAC Knowledge Representation model meets the requirements of the Roth-Hayes benchmark regarding Knowledge Representation. The decisions taken are logically tractable. The software architecture is effective and easily implemented. The actual performance has been found to depend upon a number of factors discussed in this thesis. For the specification and design of Potline MLIAC software, a CASE package ("Software Through Pictures") has been used. The Potline MLIAC software has been developed using C⁄C++, SQL, 4 GL and RDBMS based on a Client-Server model. For computer simulation the Potline MLIAC software has been integrated with the MATLAB⁄SIMULINK package.
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Söderlund, Henrik. "Real-time Detection and Tracking of Moving Objects Using Deep Learning and Multi-threaded Kalman Filtering : A joint solution of 3D object detection and tracking for Autonomous Driving." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160180.
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Perception for autonomous drive systems is the most essential function for safe and reliable driving. LiDAR sensors can be used for perception and are vying for being crowned as an essential element in this task. In this thesis, we present a novel real-time solution for detection and tracking of moving objects which utilizes deep learning based 3D object detection. Moreover, we present a joint solution which utilizes the predictability of Kalman Filters to infer object properties and semantics to the object detection algorithm, resulting in a closed loop of object detection and object tracking.On one hand, we present YOLO++, a 3D object detection network on point clouds only. A network that expands YOLOv3, the latest contribution to standard real-time object detection for three-channel images. Our object detection solution is fast. It processes images at 20 frames per second. Our experiments on the KITTI benchmark suite show that we achieve state-of-the-art efficiency but with a mediocre accuracy for car detection, which is comparable to the result of Tiny-YOLOv3 on the COCO dataset. The main advantage with YOLO++ is that it allows for fast detection of objects with rotated bounding boxes, something which Tiny-YOLOv3 can not do. YOLO++ also performs regression of the bounding box in all directions, allowing for 3D bounding boxes to be extracted from a bird's eye view perspective. On the other hand, we present a Multi-threaded Object Tracking (MTKF) solution for multiple object tracking. Each unique observation is associated to a thread with a novel concurrent data association process. Each of the threads contain an Extended Kalman Filter that is used for predicting and estimating an associated object's state over time. Furthermore, a LiDAR odometry algorithm was used to obtain absolute information about the movement of objects, since the movement of objects are inherently relative to the sensor perceiving them. We obtain 33 state updates per second with an equal amount of threads to the number of cores in our main workstation.Even if the joint solution has not been tested on a system with enough computational power, it is ready for deployment. Using YOLO++ in combination with MTKF, our real-time constraint of 10 frames per second is satisfied by a large margin. Finally, we show that our system can take advantage of the predicted semantic information from the Kalman Filters in order to enhance the inference process in our object detection architecture.
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Celanovic, Ivan. "A Distributed Digital Control Architecture for Power Electronics Systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34998.
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This thesis proposes a novel approach to power electronics system design that is based on the open-architecture distributed digital controller and modular power electronics building blocks (PEBBs). The proposed distributed digital controller partitions the controller in three levels of control authority. The power stage controller, designated as hardware manager, is responsible for low-level hardware oriented tasks; the high level controller, designated as applications manager, performs higher-level application-oriented tasks; and the system level controller handles system control and monitoring functions.
Communications between the hardware-oriented controller and the higher-level controller are implemented with the previously proposed 125 Mbits/sec daisy-chained fiber optic communication protocol. Real-time control and status data are communicated by means of communication protocol. The distributed controller on the power converter level makes the system open, flexible and simple to use. Furthermore, this work gives an overview and comparison of current state-of-the-art communication protocols for real-time control applications with emphasis on industrial automation and motion control. All of the studied protocols have been considered as local area networks (LAN) for system-level control in power converter systems. The most promising solution has been chosen for the system level communication protocol.
This thesis also provides the details of design and implementation of the distributed controller. The design of both the hardware and software components are explained. A 100 kVA three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) prototype was built and tested using the distributed controller approach to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed concept.Master of Science
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Forsberg, Olof. "Semantic Stixels fusing LIDAR for Scene Perception." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-224151.
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Autonomous driving is the concept of a vehicle that operates in traffic without instructions from a driver. A major challenge for such a system is to provide a comprehensive, accurate and compact scene model based on information from sensors. For such a model to be comprehensive it must provide 3D position and semantics on relevant surroundings to enable a safe traffic behavior. Such a model creates a foundation for autonomous driving to make substantiated driving decisions. The model must be compact to enable efficient processing, allowing driving decisions to be made in real time. In this thesis rectangular objects (The Stixelworld) are used to represent the surroundings of a vehicle and provide a scene model. LIDAR and semantic segmentation are fused in the computation of these rectangles. This method indicates that a dense and compact scene model can be provided also from sparse LIDAR data by use of semantic segmentation.Fullt självkörande fordon behöver inte förare. Ett sådant fordon behöver en precis, detaljerad och kompakt modell av omgivningen baserad på sensordata. Med detaljerad avses att modellen innefattar all information nödvändig för ett trafiksäkert beteende. Med kompakt avses att en snabb bearbetning kan göras av modellen så att fordonet i realtid kan fatta beslut och manövrera i trafiken. I denna uppsats tillämpas en metod där man med rektangulära objekt skapar en modell av omgivningen. Dessa beräknas från LIDAR och semantisk segmentering. Arbetet indikerar att med hjälp av semantisk segmentering kan en tät, detaljerad och kompakt modell göras även från glesa LIDAR-data.
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Park, Young-Saeng. "Automatic schedule computation for distributed real-time systems using timed automata." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2008. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/745/.
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The time-triggered architecture is becoming accepted as a means of implementing scalable, safer and more reliable solutions for distributed real-time systems. In such systems, the execution of distributed software components and the communication of messages between them take place in a fixed pattern and are scheduled in advance within a given scheduling round by a global scheduling policy. The principal obstacle in the design of time-triggered systems is the difficulty of finding the static schedule for all resources which satisfies constraints on the activities within the scheduling round, such as the meeting of deadlines. The scheduler has to consider not only the requirements on each processor but also the global requirements of system-wide behaviour including messages transmitted on networks. Finding an efficient way of building an appropriate global schedule for a given system is a major research challenge. This thesis proposes a novel approach to designing time-triggered schedules which is radically different from existing mathematical methods or algorithms for schedule generation. It entails the construction of timed automata to model the arrival and execution of software tasks and inter-task message communication for a system; the behaviour of an entire distributed system is thus a parallel composition of these timed automata models. A job comprises a sequence of tasks and messages; this expresses a system-wide transaction which may be distributed over a system of processors and networks. The job is formalized by a timed automata based on the principle that a task or message can be modelled by finite states and a clock variable. Temporal logic properties are formed to express constraints on the behaviour of the system components such as precedence relationships between tasks and messages and adherence to deadlines. Schedules are computed by formally verifying that these properties hold for an evolution of the system; a successful schedule is simply a trace generated by the verifier, in this case the UPPAAL model-checking tool has been employed to perform the behaviour verification. This approach guarantees to generate a practical schedule if one exists and will fail to construct any schedule if none exists. A prototype toolset has been developed to automate the proposed approach to create of timed automata models, undertake the analysis, extract schedules from traces and visualize the generated schedules. Two case studies, one of a cruise control system, the other a manufacturing cell system, are presented to demonstrate the applicability and usability of the approach and the application of the toolset. Finally, further constraints are considered in order to yield schedules with limited jitter, increased efficiency and system-wide properties.
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Mawla, Aya Abdul. "Real time automatic intruder detection system (RAIDS)." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319332.
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Scott, Hazel Jean Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Electrical. "Automatic code generation for real time systems." Ottawa, 1991.
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Vi?gas, Junior Raimundo. "Group Sequential Communication (GSC): Especifica??o e An?lise de Desempenho de umMecanismo de Comunica??o de Tempo Real Compat?vel ao Padr?o IEEE 802.11/11e Aplicado ? Automa??o Industrial." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15139.
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This thesis proposes the specification and performance analysis of a real-time communication mechanism for IEEE 802.11/11e standard. This approach is called Group Sequential Communication (GSC). The GSC has a better performance for dealing with small data packets when compared to the HCCA mechanism by adopting a decentralized medium access control using a publish/subscribe communication scheme. The main objective of the thesis is the HCCA overhead reduction of the Polling, ACK and QoS Null frames exchanged between the Hybrid Coordinator and the polled stations. The GSC eliminates the polling scheme used by HCCA scheduling algorithm by using a Virtual Token Passing procedure among members of the real-time group to whom a high-priority and sequential access to communication medium is granted. In order to improve the reliability of the mechanism proposed into a noisy channel, it is presented an error recovery scheme called second chance algorithm. This scheme is based on block acknowledgment strategy where there is a possibility of retransmitting when missing real-time messages. Thus, the GSC mechanism maintains the real-time traffic across many IEEE 802.11/11e devices, optimized bandwidth usage and minimal delay variation for data packets in the wireless network. For validation purpose of the communication scheme, the GSC and HCCA mechanisms have been implemented in network simulation software developed in C/C++ and their performance results were compared. The experiments show the efficiency of the GSC mechanism, especially in industrial communication scenarios.
Esta tese prop?e a especifica??o e an?lise de desempenho de um mecanismo de comunica??o de tempo real compat?vel com o Padr?o IEEE 802.11/11e, chamado Group Sequential Communication (GSC). O GSC apresenta um melhor desempenho quando comparado ao mecanismo HCCA para tratar pequenos pacotes de dados, al?m de adotar uma abordagem descentralizada do controle de acesso ao meio baseado no conceito produtor/consumidor. O objetivo principal da proposta ? a redu??o de overheads da rede, oriundos de quadros de Polling, ACK e QoS Null trocados entre o controlador h?brido e as esta??es no HCCA padr?o. O mecanismo GSC elimina o uso de quadros de Polling utilizados pelo escalonador do HCCA, atrav?s de um procedimento de Virtual Token Passing entre os membros do grupo de tempo real, a quem ? garantida alta prioridade de acesso ao meio de forma sequencial. A fim de melhorar a confiabilidade da proposta em ambientes ruidosos ? apresentado um esquema de recupera??o de erro chamado algoritmo de segunda chance. Este esquema ? baseado em uma estrat?gia de reconhecimento em bloco das mensagens enviadas, com possibilidade de serem retransmitidas quando n?o recebidas com sucesso. Desta forma, o mecanismo GSC mant?m o tr?fego das esta??es de tempo real entre os diversos dispositivos compat?vel ao Padr?o IEEE 802.11/11e, com o uso otimizado da banda e varia??es m?nimas de atraso m?dio entre as entregas dos pacotes de dados pertencentes ? rede sem fio. Para prop?sito de valida??o da proposta, os mecanismos GSC e HCCA foram implementados atrav?s de softwares de simula??o de redes desenvolvido em C/C++ e os resultados de desempenho foram comparados. Os experimentos mostram a efici?ncia do mecanismo GSC, principalmente em cen?rios de comunica??es industriais.
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Rößler, Dirk, Frank Krüger, and Matthias Ohrnberger. "Automatic near real-time characterisation of large earthquakes." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1838/.
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We use seismic array methods (semblance analysis) to image areas of seismic energy release in the Sunda Arc region and world-wide. Broadband seismograms at teleseismic distances (30° ≤ Δ ≤ 100°) are compared at several subarrays. Semblance maps of different subarrays are multiplied. High semblance tracked over long time (10s of second to minutes) and long distances indicate locations of earthquakes. The method allows resolution of rupture characteristics important for tsunami early warning:
start and duration,
velocity and direction,
length and area.
The method has been successfully applied to recent and historic events (M>6.5) and is now operational in real time. Results are obtained shortly after source time, see http://www.geo.uni-potsdam.de/Forschung/Geophysik/GITEWS/tsunami.htm).
Comparison of manual and automatic processing are in good agreement.
Computational effort is small. Automatic results may be obtained within 15 - 20 minutes after event occurrence.
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Rößler, Dirk, Frank Krüger, Matthias Ohrnberger, and Lutz Ehlert. "Automatic near real-time characterisation of large earthquakes." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2019/.
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An der Universität Potsdam wird seit 2008 ein automatisiertes Verfahren angewandt, um Bruchparamter großer Erdbeben in quasi-Echtzeit, d.h. wenige Minuten nachdem sich das Beben ereignet hat, zu bestimmen und der Öffentlichkeit via Internet zur Verfügung zu stellen. Es ist vorgesehen, das System in das Deutsch-Indonesische Tsunamifrühwarnsystem (GITEWS) zu integrieren, für das es speziell konfiguriert ist.
Wir bestimmen insbesondere die Dauer und die Ausdehnung des Erdbebens, sowie dessen Bruchgeschwindigkeit und -richtung. Dabei benutzen wir die Seismogramme der zuerst eintreffenden P Wellen vom Breitbandstationen in teleseimischer Entfernung vom Beben sowie herkömmliche Arrayverfahren in teilweise modifizierter Form. Die Semblance wir als Ähnlichkeitsmaß verwendet, um Seismogramme eines Stationsnetzes zu vergleichen. Im Falle eines Erdbebens ist die Semblance unter Berücksichtigung des Hypozentrums zur Herdzeit und während des Bruchvorgangs deutlich zeitlich und räumlich erhöht und konzentriert. Indem wir die Ergebnisse verschiedener Stationsnetzwerke kombinieren, erreichen wir Unabhängigkeit von der Herdcharakteristik und eine raum-zeitliche Auflösung, die es erlaubt die o.g. Parameter abzuleiten.
In unserem Beitrag skizzieren wir die Methode. Anhand der beiden M8.0 Benkulu Erdbeben (Sumatra, Indonesien) vom 12.09.2007 und dem M8.0 Sichuan Ereignis (China) vom 12.05.2008 demonstrieren wir Auflösungsmöglichkeiten und vergleichen die Ergebnisse der automatisierten Echtzeitanwendung mit nachträglichen Berechnungen.
Weiterhin stellen wir eine Internetseite zur Verfügung, die die Ergebnisse präsentiert und animiert. Diese kann z.B. in geowissenschaftlichen Einrichtungen an Computerterminals gezeigt werden. Die Internetauftritte haben die folgenden Adressen:
http://www.geo.uni-potsdam.de/arbeitsgruppen/Geophysik_Seismologie/forschung/ruptrack/openday
http://www.geo.uni-potsdam.de/arbeitsgruppen/Geophysik_Seismologie/forschung/ruptrack
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Larsson, Anders. "Fully automatic benchmarking of real-time operating systems." Thesis, University of Skövde, Department of Computer Science, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-172.
Full textAbstract:
Testing and evaluating the performance of different software solutions is important in order to compare them with each other. Measuring, or benchmark, software is not a trivial task and conducting tests in a real-time environment implicates it further. Still, measuring is the only way to provide useful information, for example, which real-time operating system is best suitable for a specific hardware configuration.
The purpose of this project is to design a benchmark support system, which automatically performs benchmarks of a real-time operating system in a host-target environment. The benchmarks are conducted according to a user-defined specification and the support system also allows a developer to create configurable benchmarks.
The benchmark support system described also allows parameters to increase monotonically within a specified interval during benchmark execution. This is an important feature in order to detect unpredictable behavior of the real-time system.
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Zeng, Guang. "Real-time automatic linear feature detection in images." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1239894316/.
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Frindt, Faundez Catharina, and Sivan Dawood. "Automatic Generation of Real-Time Machine Learning Architectures." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-45541.
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An era is rising where more embedded systems are being moved to the edge. Everything from automated vehicles to smartphones with more complex machine learning architectures needs to be provided. Hence, the requirements of contributing with efficiency emerge more. Not only is this required for offline applications, but the demand is also rising for real-time applications. Therefore, software developers that are experts in real-time machine learning architecture may be in a situation where this architecture needs to be implemented on an embedded system that can provide the efficiency that is being demanded.FPGAs can provide with these demands. However, it is time-consuming to implement hardware description language (HDL) if not an expert. Our project has a main focus on building a frontend tool that gen-erates a dataflow programming language called CAL from a cus-tomized implementation for a specific machine learning model. The dataflow programming language CAL is used to accomplish an ef-ficient generation of hardware circuits. In this project, our primary focus is latency.The execution time of a software implementation has been compared to a hardware implementation where a Raspberry Pi 3b has con-tributed with the software implementation. A design space explo-ration has been done where different designs from the same model have been analyzed. In addition, the modules have also been ana-lyzed separately. In the analysis, latency is the factor explored.Results present a much faster execution time on the hardware im-plementation than the software implementation. Final results demon-strate a lower overall delay for modules implemented in parallel over modules implemented in serial. A parallel implementation reduced the overall delay with 242%.
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Wafa, Abrar. "Automatic real-time 2D-to-3D video conversion." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/58634.
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The generation of three-dimensional (3D) videos from monoscopic two-dimensional (2D) videos has received a lot of attention in the last few years. Although the concept of 3D has existed for a long time, the research on converting from 2D-to-3D in real-time is still on going. Current conversion techniques are based on generating an estimated depth map for each frame from different depth cues, and then using Depth Image Based Rendering (DIBR) to synthesize additional views. Efficient interactive techniques have been developed in which multiple depth factors (monocular depth cues) are utilized to estimate the depth map using machine-learning algorithms. The challenge with such methods is that they cannot be used for real-time conversion. We address this problem by proposing an effective scheme that generates high quality depth maps for indoor and outdoor scenes in real-time. In our work,we classify the 2D videos into indoor or outdoor categories using machine-learning-based scene classification. Subsequently, we estimate the initial depth mapsfor each video frame using different depth cues based onthe classification results. Then, we fuse these depth maps and the final depth map is evaluated in two steps. First, depth values are estimated at edges. Then, these depth values are propagated to the rest of the image using an edge-aware interpolation method. Performance evaluations show that our method outperforms the existing state-of-the-art 2D-to3D conversion methods.Applied Science, Faculty of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Bäcklund, Henrik, and Niklas Neijman. "Automatic Mesh Decomposition for Real-time Collision Detection." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Informationskodning, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-106383.
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Intersections tests between meshes in physics engines are time consuming and computationalheavy tasks. In order to speed up these intersection tests, each mesh can be decomposedinto several smaller convex hulls where the intersection test between each pair of these smallerhulls becomes more computationally efficient. The decomposition of meshes within the game industry is today performed by digital artistsand is considered a boring and time consuming task. Hence, the focus of this master thesislies in automatically decompose a mesh into several smaller convex hulls and to approximatethese decomposed pieces with bounding volumes of different complexity. These boundingvolumes together represents a collision mesh that is fully usable in modern games.
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Grobler, Johannes Petrus. "Design and implementation of a high resolution soft real-time timer." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08282007-095022.
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Böke, Carsten. "Automatic configuration of real time operating systems and real time communication systems for distributed embedded applications." Paderborn : Heinz-Nixdorf-Inst, 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=971712182.
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Klee, Christopher. "AI in Marketing – Curse or Blessing? : Impacts of Programmatic Advertising and Personalized Content on Society." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299572.
Full textAbstract:
With the help of Programmatic Advertising and the resulting personalized content, consumers can be targeted precisely and with the help of Artificial Intelligence. The associated use of customer data creates ethical conflicts. Therefore, the research question is asked: How does Programmatic Advertising influence consumer's data security and diversity of opinion and what effect does this have on the further development of the technology? For the purpose of elaborating the research problem a literature analysis and expert interviews are carried out. The analysis shows that Programmatic Advertising has already taken up the majority of digital advertising activities. This results in advantages for advertisers, since consumers can be addressed in a targeted manner. Nevertheless, this provokes data law issues and the demand for more data security for the individual customer, which, among other things, is given more attention by big tech companies. Due to the constant change within this trend, new possibilities arise, such as contextual targeting, in order to continue to do an efficient display of advertising. Nonetheless, this work calls for more regulations to be able to give customers a better overview and control of their used data and to avoid restricted diversities of opinion, which can be promoted through microtargeting and therefore the addressed display of content. The prospects of Programmatic Advertising, however, are predicted with a steady increase because other areas within the media landscape will be pervaded by this technology in the future.Med hjälp av programmatisk reklam och artificiell intelligens får kunder och individer reklam som är specifikt utformade för just dem. Användningen av underliggande användardata ger upphov till etiska dilemman. Således, har vi följande problemformulering: Hur påverkar programmatisk reklam användarnas data och åsikter, och vilken effekt har detta på den fortsatta utvecklingen av området? Med avsikt att vidareutveckla problemformuleringen utfördes expertintervjuer samt en litteraturstudie. Analysen visar att programmatisk reklam utgör majoriteten av all digital marknadsföring. Detta har resulterat i fördelar för marknadsförare, ty användarna kan bli bemötta mer precist. Icke desto mindre, medför detta legala problem relaterat till användardata och ett ökat kraf av dataskydd för användaren, vilket är något som får stort fokus av stora tech företag. På grund av den konstanta utvecklingen av denna metod, föds nya möjligheter, exempelvis "kontextuell riktad marknadsföring", för att fortsätta vara en effektiv marknadsföringsmetod. Därmed, redogör denna rapport för en mer reglerad spelplan där användarna får en bättre överblick och kontroll över hur deras användardata utnyttjas, samt en mindre inskränkt åsiktspåverkan, vilket är något som skulle kunna ske genom knappnålsfin riktad marknadsföring. Dock är utvecklingen för programmatisk reklam förutspådd ljus, då andra områden inom medielandskapet kommer att genomsyras av denna teknologi i framtiden