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Journal articles on the topic 'Real GDP'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Hashim, Emilda, Norimah Rambeli, Asmawi Hashim, Norasibah Abdul Jalil, Shahrun Nizam Abdul Aziz, and Noor Al Huda Abdul Karim. "Dynamic Relationship Between Real Export, Real Import, Real Exchange Rate, Labor Force and Real Gross Domestic Product in Malaysia." Research in World Economy 10, no. 5 (December 24, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v10n5p20.

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This study examined short run and long run relationship between endogenous and exogenous variables. Specifically, it studied the relationship between real export, real import, labor force participation and real effective exchange rate (REER) and real GDP in Malaysia from 1988 to 2017. These variables were tested in various tests, namely, unit root test, granger causality test, vector autoregressive (VAR), Johansen Juselius test and Error Correction Term (ECT). The result revealed that all variables were non-stationary at the level form and stationary at first difference in ADF unit root test. The findings also exhibited the existence of bilateral relationships between real export and real GDP, real import and real GDP, as well as labor and real GDP. Nonetheless, there were no relationship found between REER and real GDP. On the other hand, in VAR, the lag optimum was lag 10 because it indicated the smallest value of AIC. Moreover, for Johansen Juselius cointegration test, it showed two cointegrated vector at both, 5% and 1%, level in trace test. In addition, Max-Eigen value test indicated two cointegrated vector at 0.05 and one cointegrated vector at 0.01. As for the Wald test, there were long run cointegration relationship between real GDP and its determinants, namely real export, real import, labor and REER. Apparently, Malaysia, as a small open economy, has relied heavily on foreign trade. Consequently, our domestic economic performance is susceptible to the changes in international markets and exchange rate. Therefore, suitable international policy implementation is vital to ensure Malaysian economy will be able to adjust to current global changes.

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2

Schiff, Aaron F., and Peter C. B. Phillips. "Forecasting New Zealand's real GDP." New Zealand Economic Papers 34, no. 2 (December 2000): 159–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00779950009544321.

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3

Franses, Philip Hans, and Max Welz. "Forecasting Real GDP Growth for Africa." Econometrics 10, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/econometrics10010003.

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We propose a simple and reproducible methodology to create a single equation forecasting model (SEFM) for low-frequency macroeconomic variables. Our methodology is illustrated by forecasting annual real GDP growth rates for 52 African countries, where the data are obtained from the World Bank and start in 1960. The models include lagged growth rates of other countries, as well as a cointegration relationship to capture potential common stochastic trends. With a few selection steps, our methodology quickly arrives at a reasonably small forecasting model per country. Compared with benchmark models, the single equation forecasting models seem to perform quite well.

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4

Henderson, David. "Rejoinder: Measuring and Comparing Real GDP." Economic Affairs 36, no. 1 (February 2016): 88–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.12157.

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5

Summers, Lawrence H. "Comparing Real GDP Across Countries: Comment." Economic Affairs 36, no. 2 (June 2016): 221–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.12184.

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6

Cahill, Miles B. "Teaching Chain-Weight Real GDP Measures." Journal of Economic Education 34, no. 3 (January 2003): 224–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220480309595217.

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7

Rusnák, Marek. "Nowcasting Czech GDP in real time." Economic Modelling 54 (April 2016): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2015.12.010.

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8

Kohli, Ulrich. "Real GDP, real domestic income, and terms-of-trade changes." Journal of International Economics 62, no. 1 (January 2004): 83–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2003.07.002.

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9

Hsing, Yu. "Is Currency Appreciation or Depreciation Expansionary in Kosovo?" Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business 22, no. 1 (May 1, 2019): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/zireb-2019-0011.

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Abstract Applying an extended IS-MP-AS model (Romer, 2000), this paper shows that real depreciation of the euro raises real GDP in Kosovo and that a lower real lending rate in the euro area, a higher real GDP in Germany, a lower real oil price, or a lower expected inflation rate would help increase real GDP. More government deficit spending as a percent of GDP does not affect real GDP.

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10

Golinelli, Roberto, and Giuseppe Parigi. "Real-time squared: A real-time data set for real-time GDP forecasting." International Journal of Forecasting 24, no. 3 (July 2008): 368–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2008.05.001.

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11

Nalewaik, Jeremy J. "Estimating Probabilities of Recession in Real Time Using GDP and GDI." Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2007, no. 07 (May 2007): 1–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2007.07.

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12

Jönsson, Kristian. "Real-time US GDP gap properties using Hamilton’s regression-based filter." Empirical Economics 59, no. 1 (January 29, 2019): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00181-019-01631-6.

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13

NALEWAIK, JEREMY J. "Estimating Probabilities of Recession in Real Time Using GDP and GDI." Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 44, no. 1 (January 27, 2012): 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4616.2011.00475.x.

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14

Kohli, Ulrich. "An Implicit Törnqvist Index of Real GDP." Journal of Productivity Analysis 21, no. 3 (May 2004): 337–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:prod.0000022097.34038.ad.

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15

Liao, Shu‐Yi, Lan‐Hsun Wang, and Mao‐Lung Huang. "Does More Consumption Promote Real GDP Growth?" Scottish Journal of Political Economy 66, no. 3 (July 27, 2018): 384–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sjpe.12189.

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16

Zestos, George K., Wei Guo, and Ryan Patnode. "Determinants of Real Chinese GDP 1978–2014." Atlantic Economic Journal 46, no. 2 (June 2018): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11293-018-9580-z.

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17

Fatiwetunusa, Any, Syamsurijal Syamsurijal, and Sa’adah Yuliana. "The Analysis of Income per Capita Convergence on ASEAN Plus Three (APT) Countries." SRIWIJAYA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS 1, no. 1 (September 20, 2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29259/sijdeb.v1i1.51-76.

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The main objective of this study is to test the convergence of income per capita in APT countries through three models: absolute convergence, conditional convergence and sigma convergence. Regression analysis of panel data from 13 APT countries during the period of 2001-2014 is used to analysed to study problem. In absolute convergence model, the growth of real GDP per capita and initial real GDP are used as the variables, meanwhile, 8 variables such as the growth of real GPD per capita, initial real GDP per capita, labor force ratio, value added in agricultural sector, value added in industrial sector, terms of trade, foreign direct investment and internet users ratio are analyzed in conditional convergence model. According to the Solow model, the economies of the countries will converge in which the growth of income per capita of developing countries will be higher than those of developed countries. The economies will be convergent if the countries tend to move to a similar steady state resulting in smaller gap between the countries. Based on the results of absolute convergence and conditional convergence models, APT countries is converging with the rate of 2% and 2.2%. This is consistent with the results of sigma convergence model that shows a declining trend in the dispersion of real GDP per capita in APT regions. The growth of real GDP per capita is influenced by initial GDP per capita, labor force ratio, value added in agricultural sector, value added in industrial sector, terms of trade, foreign direct investment and internet users ratio. Developed countries such as Singapore, Brunei Darussalam and South Korea experience the impact of high real GDP per capita growth. On the contrary, Indonesia, Laos, Vietnam and The Phillipines undergo the impact of low GDP per capita growth.

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18

Fatiwetunusa, Any, Syamsurijal Syamsurijal, and Sa’adah Yuliana. "The Analysis of Income per Capita Convergence on ASEAN Plus Three (APT) Countries." SRIWIJAYA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS 1, no. 1 (September 20, 2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29259/sijdeb.v1i1.9.

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The main objective of this study is to test the convergence of income per capita in APT countries through three models: absolute convergence, conditional convergence and sigma convergence. Regression analysis of panel data from 13 APT countries during the period of 2001-2014 is used to analysed to study problem. In absolute convergence model, the growth of real GDP per capita and initial real GDP are used as the variables, meanwhile, 8 variables such as the growth of real GPD per capita, initial real GDP per capita, labor force ratio, value added in agricultural sector, value added in industrial sector, terms of trade, foreign direct investment and internet users ratio are analyzed in conditional convergence model. According to the Solow model, the economies of the countries will converge in which the growth of income per capita of developing countries will be higher than those of developed countries. The economies will be convergent if the countries tend to move to a similar steady state resulting in smaller gap between the countries. Based on the results of absolute convergence and conditional convergence models, APT countries is converging with the rate of 2% and 2.2%. This is consistent with the results of sigma convergence model that shows a declining trend in the dispersion of real GDP per capita in APT regions. The growth of real GDP per capita is influenced by initial GDP per capita, labor force ratio, value added in agricultural sector, value added in industrial sector, terms of trade, foreign direct investment and internet users ratio. Developed countries such as Singapore, Brunei Darussalam and South Korea experience the impact of high real GDP per capita growth. On the contrary, Indonesia, Laos, Vietnam and The Phillipines undergo the impact of low GDP per capita growth.

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19

Hsing, Yu. "Impacts of the Exchange Rate and the Global Interest Rate on Real Output for Ten Selected Latin American Countries." Global Economy Journal 12, no. 1 (March 2012): 1850253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/1524-5861.1830.

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This paper examines the effects of currency depreciation or appreciation, the changing global interest rate and other related macroeconomic variables on real GDP for ten selected Latin American countries, namely, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela. The monetary policy reaction function is incorporated in the formulation of the model. There are several major findings. Currency depreciation hurts real GDP for Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Uruguay and Venezuela whereas the real exchange rate and real GDP exhibit a backward-bending relationship for Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay and Peru, suggesting that currency depreciation increases real GDP in early years whereas currency appreciation raises real GDP in recent years. Except for Bolivia and Paraguay, a higher global interest rate reduces real GDP. Expansionary fiscal policy is effective for Argentina, Mexico and Paraguay. Except for Chile, Paraguay and Venezuela, a higher expected inflation rate reduces real GDP. Hence, currency depreciation may be contractionary or expansionary, depending upon the level of real GDP or the state of economic development.

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20

Hsing, Yu. "Impacts of Real Depreciation and Appreciation on Aggregate Output in Taiwan." American Economist 65, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0569434518819958.

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Extending the IS-MP-AS model, this article finds that real depreciation helped to raise real gross domestic product (GDP) during 1999.Q1-2010.Q2 whereas real appreciation helped to increase real GDP during 2010.Q3-2016.Q4. In addition, a lower world real interest rate, a higher stock price, a higher real oil price or a lower expected inflation would increase real GDP. More deficit spending as a percent of GDP does not affect real GDP.JEL Classification: F41, E62

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21

Liu, Xiaochun. "QUANTILE-BASED ASYMMETRIC DYNAMICS OF REAL GDP GROWTH." Macroeconomic Dynamics 24, no. 8 (March 27, 2019): 1960–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100519000063.

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This paper studies asymmetric dynamics of real GDP growth by estimating linear and nonlinear quantile persistence over different parts of the conditional distribution for six major developed economies. Several novel quantile-based hypotheses are motivated in this paper and tested for the steepness asymmetry of real GDP growth that hypothesizes that contractions are steeper than expansions. The empirical results show that quantile persistence is generally high at far lower tails, thus requiring much longer half-lives to reverting negative deviations to the mean of real GDP growth and hence leading to gradual economic recoveries. By contrast, less persistence in far upper tails tends to generate sharp and short economic downturns that adjust positive deviations towards the mean of real GDP growth so as to cause abrupt economic recessions. In particular, this asymmetry in quantile persistence strongly supports the steepness asymmetry conjecture, robust to the presence of structural breaks and potential nonlinearities in real GDP growth.

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22

Liu, Wen-Chi. "The Relationship between Primary Energy Consumption and Real Gross Domestic Product: Evidence from Major Asian Countries." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 24, 2020): 2568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062568.

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This study examines the relationship between primary energy consumption (PEC) and real gross domestic product (real GDP) in the top four major energy consumers in Asia, namely, China, India, Japan, and South Korea. The study period is from 1982–2018, covering 37 years of data after the second oil crisis (1979–1981). Bootstrap panel Granger causality method is applied to examine the causal relationship between PEC and real GDP. This method is capable of controlling cross-sectional dimension and cross-country heterogeneity. In addition, few studies investigate the relevance of real GDP to energy consumption, although real GDP adjusted by inflation provides an accurate picture of a country’s economic situation. Our results contribute to existing literature in the field of PEC and real GDP. Through rigorous empirical research, we derive the main conclusion as follows. The real GDP and PEC of the top four energy consumers in Asia seem to be affected by the burst of the speculative Internet bubble from 2000–2001. Therefore, this study divides the research period into three periods: 1982–2018, 1982–2001, and 2002–2018. During the 1982–2018 period, an independent causal relationship is observed between real GDP and PEC for all four countries, thus supporting the neutrality hypothesis. During the 1982–2001 period, a unidirectional causal relationship running from PEC to real GDP is observed, thus supporting the energy growth hypothesis. Moreover, the coefficient is significantly negative in India; that is, PEC constrains economic development. Thus, the Indian government should reform its energy efficiency and consumption technologies to reduce energy waste. During the 2002–2018 period, an independent causal relationship is observed between real GDP and energy consumption for all four countries, thus supporting the neutrality hypothesis. This study then changes real GDP into nominal GDP and finds a unidirectional causal relationship running from PEC to nominal GDP in South Korea, thus supporting the growth hypothesis. A unidirectional causal relationship is also observed running from nominal GDP to PEC in India, thus supporting the energy conservation hypothesis. As mentioned above, we find that the relationship between PEC and real GDP adjusted by the GDP deflator is weaker than that between PEC and nominal GDP. Nominal GDP strengthens its relationship with PEC through the effect of prices for all the goods and services produced in an economy.

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23

Yusiana, E., D. B. Hakim, Y. Syaukat, and T. Novianti. "Analysis of factors influencing Thai rice trade based on Gravity model." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 951, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/951/1/012039.

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Abstract The purpose of this study is to analyse what factors influencing Thai rice export including importers’ GDP, exporters of GDP, distance of the countries, international rice prices, production and exchange rates by using the gravity model approach. The results show that the factors that influence rice exports in Thailand include the GDP of the importing country, the GDP of the exporting country, distance, international rice prices, production and the real exchange rate. Factors that have positive coefficients are importers’ GDP and real exchange rates, while those with negative coefficients are exporters’ GDP, rice prices, production and distance. Positive coefficients include importer’s GDP and Real Exchange Rate. The GDP of the importing country has a positive coefficient of 0.73 and the real exchange rate or RER (Real Exchange Rate) has a positive coefficient of 0.73. In addition, the negative coefficient values include exporters’ GDP, rice prices, production and distance. The exporting country’s GDP has a negative coefficient of 0.98, prices have a negative coefficient of 1.37 and production has a negative coefficient of 0.23 and distance has a negative coefficient of 0.3.

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24

Miller, J. Isaac, and Shawn Ni. "LONG-TERM OIL PRICE FORECASTS: A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON OIL AND THE MACROECONOMY." Macroeconomic Dynamics 15, S3 (November 2011): 396–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100511000265.

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We examine how future real GDP growth relates to changes in the forecasted long-term average of discounted real oil prices and to changes in unanticipated fluctuations of real oil prices around the forecasts. Forecasts are conducted using a state-space oil market model, in which global real economic activity and real oil prices share a common stochastic trend. Changes in unanticipated fluctuations and changes in the forecasted long-term average of discounted real oil prices sum to real oil price changes. We find that these two components have distinctly different relationships with future real GDP growth. Positive and negative changes in the unanticipated fluctuations of real oil prices correlate with asymmetric responses of future real GDP growth. In comparison, changes in the forecasted long-term average are smaller in magnitude but are more influential on real GDP. Persistent upward revisions of forecasts in the 2000s had a substantial negative impact on real GDP growth, according to our estimates.

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25

Hsing, Yu, and Wen-jen Hsieh. "Is Real Depreciation or Rising Government Debt Contractionary in India? A Simultaneous-Equation Model." Global Economy Journal 17, no. 2 (April 2017): 20170010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gej-2017-0010.

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Based on a sample during 1978–2014, this paper finds that India’s real GDP has a positive relationship with real depreciation during 1978–2002, the government debt/GDP ratio, the real stock price, the growth rate of U.S. real GDP, and a negative relationship with real depreciation during 2003–2014, the real lending rate and the expected inflation rate. Therefore, the stage of economic development may play an important role in deciding whether real depreciation or real appreciation may promote economic growth.

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26

황종률. "Predicting Real GDP Growth Using Monthly Economic Indicators." Journal of Budget and Policy 1, no. 2 (November 2012): 103–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35525/nabo.2012.1.2.005.

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27

de Soyres, Constance, Mengxue Wang, and Reina Kawai. "Public Debt and Real GDP: Revisiting the Impact." IMF Working Papers 2022, no. 076 (April 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9798400207082.001.

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28

Abrekov, M. M. "ECONOMIC GROWTH MODEL OF THE US REAL GDP." Вестник Алтайской академии экономики и права 1, no. 5 2020 (2020): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/vaael.1106.

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29

Henderson, David. "Comparing Real GDP Across Countries: The Issues Revisited." Economic Affairs 35, no. 2 (June 2015): 286–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.12128.

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30

Baneth, Jean. "Comparing Real GDP Across Countries: Comment and Rejoinder." Economic Affairs 36, no. 1 (February 2016): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.12153.

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31

Ying, Zheng, Chang-Rui Dong, Hsu-Ling Chang, and Chi-Wei Su. "Are Real GDP Levels Stationary in African Countries?" South African Journal of Economics 82, no. 3 (October 25, 2013): 392–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/saje.12026.

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32

SMYTH, Russell, and Brett INDER. "Is Chinese provincial real GDP per capita nonstationary?" China Economic Review 15, no. 1 (January 2004): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1043-951x(03)00025-7.

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33

Cunningham, Steven R., and Jon R. Vilasuso. "Time Aggregation and the Money-Real GDP Relationship." Journal of Macroeconomics 19, no. 4 (October 1997): 675–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0164-0704(97)00036-0.

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34

Dadakas, Dimitrios, and Erotokritos Varelas. "The decomposition of Greek real GDP (1858–1938)." International Review of Economics 56, no. 2 (January 7, 2009): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12232-008-0059-0.

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35

Drake, Leigh, and Terence C. Mills. "Trends and cycles in Euro area real GDP." Applied Economics 42, no. 11 (April 2010): 1397–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036840701721372.

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36

Golinelli, Roberto, and Giuseppe Parigi. "Tracking world trade and GDP in real time." International Journal of Forecasting 30, no. 4 (October 2014): 847–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2014.01.008.

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37

Clavijo, Sergio. "Permanent and transitory components of Colombia's real GDP." Journal of Development Economics 38, no. 2 (April 1992): 371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(92)90005-t.

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38

Kanas, Angelos. "BANK DIVIDENDS, REAL GDP GROWTH AND DEFAULT RISK." International Journal of Finance & Economics 19, no. 3 (May 9, 2014): 212–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.1491.

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39

Poghosyan, K., and R. Poghosyan. "On the applicability of dynamic factor models for forecasting real GDP growth in Armenia." Applied Econometrics 61 (2021): 28–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1993-7601-2021-61-28-46.

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40

LI, Jie. "E Some Issues concerning Estimation of Chinaʼ Real GDP." Input-Output Analysis 21, no. 1-2 (2013): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11107/papaios.21.27.

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41

Gül, Hasan, and Mustafa Özer. "Frequency domain causality analysis of tourism and economic activity in Turkey." European Journal of Tourism Research 19 (July 1, 2018): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v19i.327.

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This paper studies the dynamic relationships between real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), real exchange rate (RER) and real tourism income (TOTREC) in Turkey over the period from 2003: Q1 to 2014: Q4 by using frequency domain causality approach developed by Breitung and Candelon (2006). Our findings reveal that real GDP Granger causes real tourism income both in the short-and long-run, while real tourism income only Granger causes real GDP in the short run. Moreover, there is no Granger causality neither between real tourism income and real exchange rate nor between real GDP and real exchange rate. These findings support Tourism-led Growth Hypothesis (TLGH) only in the short-run. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop and implement appropriate tourism policies so that the sector’s contribution to economic growth can be extended to long-run.

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42

G.S., Dhameeth,, and Diasz, L. "US Real GDP Growth and Impact of Covid-19." Research in Economics and Management 6, no. 2 (March 16, 2021): p20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/rem.v6n2p20.

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The global pandemic, COVID-19, has exacerbated the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth of the global economy since its outbreak in December 2019. One of the most affected economies, due to the global pandemic, is the US economy, currently crippled by an increased number of COVID-19 related deaths, layoffs, reduced work hours, and other related natural disasters, such as winter storms. Hence, it is imperative that the damage done to the GDP growth is evaluated meticulously to craft favorable monetary and fiscal policies to uplift economic performance. One of the key yet debated methods used by many economists is utilizing real GDP per capita as an economic performance measurement tool. Using two economic datasets and a multiple regression model, we compared real GDP per capita performance in the US economy between the second and third quarters of 2020. The study finds that the impact seems detrimental due to restrictions imposed on economic activities, such as business closures, disturbances in the supply chain, employee layoffs and reduced work hours. However, in the third quarter of 2020 COVID-19 after some of the COVID-19 imposed restrictions were lifted, the real GDP per capita significantly increased.

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43

Wahyu Ermawati, Dyah, and David Kaluge. "ANALISA PENGARUH INVESTASI DAN GDP RIIL TERHADAP PEMAKAIAN KONSUMSI ENERGI LISTRIK." EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan) 9, no. 4 (January 1, 2007): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2005.v9.i4.2393.

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The objective of this research is to analyze the impact of real GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and investment on the consumption of electricity energy in the ASEAN countries (Malaysia, Phillippine and Indonesia). From the result of the analysis, it is found that there are significant influences of the real GDP and investment on the consumption of the electricity energy. Partially, real GDP and investment doesn’t have any significant influence on the consumption of electricity for Malaysia and Indonesia. Estimation model show that an increasing trend of consumption of electricity, investment and real GDP.

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44

Ermawati, Dyah Wahyu, and David Kaluge. "ANALISA PENGARUH INVESTASI DAN GDP RIIL TERHADAP PEMAKAIAN KONSUMSI ENERGI LISTRIK." EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan) 9, no. 4 (September 17, 2018): 565–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2005.v9.i4.311.

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The objective of this research is to analyze the impact of real GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and investment on the consumption of electricity energy in the ASEAN countries (Malaysia, Phillippine and Indonesia). From the result of the analysis, it is found that there are significant influences of the real GDP and investment on the consumption of the electricity energy. Partially, real GDP and investment doesn’t have any significant influence on the consumption of electricity for Malaysia and Indonesia. Estimation model show that an increasing trend of consumption of electricity, investment and real GDP.

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45

Naqellari, Alqi, and Vladimir Mici. "Effective Macroeconomic Model for GDP Analysis, Albanian Case." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 9, no. 5 (September 21, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2020-0084.

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The study aims to create a macroeconomic market model, through which to analyze nominal and real GDP, to analyze the impact of prices on GDP, create a model of aggregate demand curve, using price deflator, etc. It aims to calculate the Price Deflator and real GDP starting from 1990, as the first year of calculating the macroeconomic indicators of the Albanian economy. More detailed analysis is focused on the years 2000-2017. It has been proven that the deflator calculated by INSTAT is almost equal to the nominal GDP average of the price increase. This data was used to construct the market model with Albanian economy data, with Aggregate Price and real GDP. The new model of the aggregate market differs from the existing one. It expresses the nominal GDP curve as a listing of real GDP at and has a positive slope. This model enables a detailed analysis of nominal and real GDP can be used by anyone, and for any economy. It is recommended for the government and the Albanian institutions to apply this model, as it is effective. Statistical, econometric, analysis, synthesis, comparison, etc. methods were used in the analysis.

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Hossain, Sharif, Rajarshi Mitra, and Thasinul Abedin. "AID AND GROWTH IN BANGLADESH: A REASSESSMENT." JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN ECONOMY, Vol 17, No 4 (2018) (2018): 422–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/jee2018.04.422.

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Although the amount of foreign aid received by Bangladesh as a share of GDP has declined over the years, Bangladesh remains one of the heavily aiddependent countries in Asia. The results of most empirical studies that have examined the effectiveness of foreign aid or other forms of development assistance for economic growth have varied considerably depending on the econometric methodology used and the period of study. As the debate and controversy over aid-effectiveness for economic growth continue to grow, this paper reinvestigates the short-run and long-run effects of foreign aid received on percapita real income of Bangladesh over the period 1972–2015. A vector error correction model is estimated. The results indicate lack of any significant short-run and long-run relation between foreign aid and per-capita real income. Results further indicate short-run unidirectional causalities from per-capita real GDP to domestic investment (in proportion to GDP), from government expenditure (in proportion to GDP) to inflation rate, from inflation rate to domestic investment (in proportion to GDP), and from domestic investment to foreign aid (as percentages of GDP). Short-run bidirectional causality is observed between per-capita electricity consumption and per-capita real GDP, and between per-capita real GDP and government expenditure (in proportion to GDP).

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47

Aigheyisi, Oziengbe Scott. "Oil Price Volatility and Business Cycles in Nigeria." Studies in Business and Economics 13, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2018-0018.

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AbstractThe effect of oil price volatility on the business cycle (measured as fluctuations in real GDP) in Nigeria is investigated, while controlling for effects of other variables such as inflation, exchange rate, money supply, trade openness and foreign direct investment. Volatility in real GDP and oil price is generated through the EGARCH process. The ARDL approach to cointegration and error correction modeling is employed for analysis of data covering the period from 1970 to 2015. The study finds positive and significant short-run effect of oil price volatility on real GDP volatility, and no significant long-run effect. The short-run and long-run effects of other variables on business cycle (real GDP volatility) in Nigeria are not statistically significant. This suggests that short-run fluctuations in real GDP are engendered mainly by oil price volatility. This could be attributed to the precarious dependence of the country on oil export. The paper recommends channeling of efforts by the government towards diversifying the productive base and exports of the country as measure to reduce volatility in the real GDP.

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Pribadi, Rizky Maulana. "Analisis Pembiayaan Konsumtif Riil Pada Bank Syariah Di Indonesia." Liquidity 6, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32546/lq.v6i1.38.

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The objective of this research study is to study there is positive influence of Gross Domestic Product/GDP Real and Consumer Price Index of Financing Real, investigate the determinants of real financing consumtive at Islamic Bank in Indonesia and how the determinants change the real financing consumtive at Islamic Bank in Indonesia in period 2011-2016. The result show that the respond of Consumer Price Index/CPI, GDP Real, and it could be seen from its size which are 3.118983, 1.601941, 0.397987. From the result, it can be concluded that Real Financing Consumtive is influenced by IHK, GDP Real, and Real Financing Consumtive.

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49

Najmi, Hafiz Saqib Mehmood, Farrukh Bashir, and Saman Maqsood. "Is Fiscal Policy Effective in Generating Higher Real Output? A Case of Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2013.0102.0004.

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Keeping in view the objective that is to observe the usefulness of fiscal policy on real GDP of Pakistan, the study collects time series data from 1976 to 2012 through reliable sources of statistical bureaus of Pakistan. Using Johansen Cointegration test, the long run results demonstrate investment and government expenditure as raising factor for real GDP of Pakistan while GDP Deflator and government revenue as de-motivating factor for real GDP of Pakistan in the long run.

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50

Soejoto, Ady, and David Kaluge. "EKSTERNALITAS EKSPOR ASEAN KE JEPANG DAN AMERIKA SERIKAT." EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan) 9, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 418–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2005.v9.i3.418.

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The objective of this research is to obtain externalities model of direct export to real GDP several ASEAN states. It is already known thatJapanand United States represent biggest commerce partners to state of ASEAN.From result of analysis, there are significance influences of direct export to Asian Continent andAmericato real GDP some members of ASEAN. Partially, export to Japan andAmericado not fully give any influence to the real GDP signicance ofMalaysia,Singaporeand of Filippine. Model of Estimation show trend go up for both GDP real and also direct export to the ASEAN country (Indonesia,Malaysia, Philippine, andSingapore).

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