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1

Oloke, O. C., O. A. Odetunmbi, and S. A. Akinwumi. "An examination of the level of engagement of modern portfolio techniques for portfolio management by real estate firms in Lagos State, Nigeria." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 993, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/993/1/012005.

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Abstract Portfolio management in real estate practices was examined in this study with a view to ascertaining the techniques engaged in carrying out the risk and return analysis as well as the evaluating portfolio performance in the firm. Questionnaires were administered to respondents from 208 estate surveying and valuation firms in Ikeja, Lagos Island, Ikoyi and Victoria Island, Lagos State.Response rate achieved was 86.5%. Basic descriptive tools of percentage, weighted mean, relative importance index were used to analyse the data.The study found that the number of firms that offer portfolio management services is rather low compared to other areas of services.Results further showed that the firms ranked discounted cashflow and contemporary growth models higher than the modern portfolio techniques for asset return assessment whereas simulation and modern portfolio tools ranked higher among the techniques for risk assessment. Finally, the results showed that most firms make use of contemporary growth models, benchmark, style or market comparison to evaluate the performance of the portfolio. The study therefore suggests that estate firms embark on staff capacity development for effective application of modern portfolio theory techniques and making the service widespread among practicing firms.
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Vallejo Toledo, Esteban. "Performing an Anti-Homeless City." McGill GLSA Research Series 1, no. 1 (November 22, 2021): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/glsars.v1i1.142.

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In the time of globalization, many cities, including the city of Victoria in BC, have engaged in a development model fueled by investment, tourism, and economic immigration. This model requires public authorities to implement policies that contribute to making cities worthy of capital, tourists, and immigrants. Digital connectivity, real estate development, local amenities, and revitalized neighbourhoods are essential ingredients for economic development. In contrast, poverty and urban decay are not good for the way of life that politicians, entrepreneurs, tourists, and urbanites desire. Therefore, all visual manifestations of urban decay, including homelessness, should be restricted by law. In response to this development model, homeless people are forced to perform actions that are banned like building tent cities in parks. In doing so, homeless people challenge exclusionary legal and spatial orderings that support anti-homeless cities. This paper develops a performativity-based approach to legal geography to contribute to the debate about homelessness in Canada. Rather than focusing on the social right to housing, my argument in this paper zeroes in on the right to use urban space without being excluded. To this goal, I explore interactions between local authorities, homeless people, and other social actors in Victoria to explain that reiterated human interaction is the means to perform and rectify legal and spatial orderings that segregate homeless people. Thus, the performativity-based approach to legal geography developed throughout this paper illustrates not only how anti-homeless cities are socially performed, but also how they are collectively contested.
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Harris, Joshua A. "Real Estate Development Matrix." Journal of Real Estate Literature 26, no. 2 (October 1, 2018): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10835547.2018.12090490.

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4

Lucius, Dominik I. "Real options in real estate development." Journal of Property Investment & Finance 19, no. 1 (February 2001): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14635780110365370.

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5

Hui, Eddie Chi‐Man, and Hankel Hon‐Kwok Fung. "Real estate development as real options." Construction Management and Economics 27, no. 3 (March 2009): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01446190902759017.

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Яськова, Наталья. "Real estate development amid crisis." Известия Иркутской государственной экономической академии 25, no. 3 (2015): 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/1993-3541.2015.25(3).443-449.

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Kaya, Hakan, and Cem Gazioğlu. "Real Estate Development at Landslides." International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics 2, no. 1 (March 2, 2015): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.302433.

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8

INOUE, Hidenori. "Biodiversity and Real-estate Development." Japanese Journal of Real Estate Sciences 26, no. 3 (2013): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5736/jares.26.3_35.

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9

Graaskamp, James A. "Fundamentals of Real Estate Development." Journal of Property Valuation and Investment 10, no. 3 (March 1992): 619–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14635789210031253.

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10

Sarchenko, Vladimir. "REAL ESTATE SPACE-TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT." Vestnik MGSU, no. 1 (January 2015): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2015.1.103-111.

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11

Glaeser, Edward L. "Real Estate Bubbles and Urban Development." Asian Development Review 34, no. 2 (August 2017): 114–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00097.

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Real estate booms have regularly occurred throughout the world, leaving painful busts and financial crises in their wake. Real estate is a natural investment for more passive debt investors, including banks, because real estate's flexibility makes it a better source of collateral than production facilities built for a specific purpose. Consequently, passive capital may flow disproportionately into real estate and help generate real estate bubbles. The preference of banks for more fungible real estate assets also explains why real estate is so often the source of a financial crisis. Real estate bubbles can be welfare enhancing if cities would otherwise be too small, either because of agglomeration economies or building restrictions. But given reasonable parameters, the large welfare costs of any financial crisis are likely to be higher than the modest benefits of extra building. The benefits of real estate bubbles are welfare “triangles,” while the costs of widespread default are welfare “rectangles.”
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12

Wang, Zhenbang. "The realistic predicament and development path of China’s real estate development under the background of policy regulation." BCP Business & Management 29 (October 12, 2022): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v29i.2292.

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China’s real estate market is undergoing macro-adjustment of various policies. It is imperative to develop the real estate industry with high quality. It is of great practical value to strengthen the research on the real estate industry. Therefore, this paper systematically analyzes the main stages of real estate reform and development, and probes into the difficulties and challenges in the development of the real estate industry under the background of policy regulation. The present study finds that although China’s real estate has developed rapidly with the support of the government, it also has many problems and practical difficulties faced by the development of real estate. Finally, based on the analysis, this paper puts forward some targeted suggestions, aiming to be helpful to the sustainable development of the real estate industry.
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13

Hu, Yuqing, and Piyush Tiwari. "International Real Estate Review." International Real Estate Review 24, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 293–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100323.

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This paper identifies the impact of macroeconomic determinants of commercial property investment and development markets in Australia. A Hodrick-Prescott (HP) filter is used to filter the cyclical components of commercial property investment and development time series. In order to identify the long-run relationships and short-run dynamics, coupled with causality between these factors and property cycles, the investment and development property cycles are analyed with respect to the movement of nine macroeconomic factors by using time series data from 1987 to 2016. The empirical results suggest that the Australian commercial property market is often in an overdemand situation rather than oversupply, which can be explained by the different patterns of the property cycles on the demand and supply sides. Property investment cycles are shorter and more volatile than development cycles at around 8-10 years and more than 20 years, respectively, since there is a larger elasticity of the macroeconomic factors that underlie the investment market with short-term dynamics, while the development cycle is mainly affected by such factors moderately in the long run. Both the investment and development markets are intensively affected by financing related variables rather than market-sentiment and economic-cycle related variables.
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Chu, Yongqiang, and Tien Sing. "International Real Estate Review." International Real Estate Review 24, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100314.

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Developers make decisions around timing and intensity simultaneously when exercising a development option. Built on the early real options models, we allow the demand shock and the cost functions to be dependent on the intensity of real estate development. Based on a set of input parameters, the numerical results show that demand uncertainty delays development activities, and the rental elasticity to density change has an inverse effect on the deferment option values. In a market where the intensity impact on rental income is small, development activities are likely to be curtailed when market volatility increases. More empirical tests could be conducted on whether more smaller-scale projects are triggered in down markets relative to up markets.
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Das, Prashant, Vivek Sah, Divyanshu Sharma, Vinod Singh, and Louis Galuppo. "Real Estate Development Process in India." Journal of Real Estate Literature 21, no. 2 (January 1, 2013): 271–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10835547.2013.12090362.

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16

Fung, Hung-Gay, Jau-Lian Jeng, and Qingfeng "Wilson" Liu. "Development of China's Real Estate Market." Chinese Economy 43, no. 1 (January 2010): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/ces1097-1475430104.

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17

Tiwari, Piyush Kumar. "International Approaches to Real Estate Development." Construction Economics and Building 15, no. 1 (March 13, 2015): 118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v15i1.4355.

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Book ReviewInternational Approaches to Real Estate DevelopmentSquires, G. and Heurkens, E., 2015. International Approaches to Real Estate Development. Routledge, UK. ISBN (hbk): 978-0-415-82857-4, ISBN (pbk): 978-0-415-82858-1, Paperback: US$49.95, Hardback: US$165.00.
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18

OOSUGI, Mami. "Real estate development and environmental preservation." Japanese Journal of Real Estate Sciences 26, no. 3 (2013): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5736/jares.26.3_28.

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19

Gusakova, Elena, Boris Titarenko, and Vitaliy Stepanov. "Systems engineering real estate development projects." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 90 (October 2017): 012196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/90/1/012196.

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20

Timberlake, Jeffrey M. "Race, Real Estate, and Uneven Development." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 33, no. 2 (March 2004): 165–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009430610403300211.

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21

Hin Li, Ling. "Real estate development analysis in China." Journal of Property Finance 7, no. 4 (December 1996): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09588689610152381.

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22

Dowall, David E. "The Public Real Estate Development Process." Journal of the American Planning Association 56, no. 4 (December 31, 1990): 504–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01944369008975454.

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23

Goldberg, Abigail. "Urban planning and real estate development." URBAN DESIGN International 16, no. 2 (May 3, 2011): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/udi.2010.23.

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24

Koh, Sin Yee. "More than real estate." Dialogues in Human Geography 8, no. 2 (July 2018): 241–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043820617736622.

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25

Li, Yuming. "International Real Estate Review." International Real Estate Review 2, no. 1 (June 30, 1999): 94–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100014.

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One of the most important issues in emerging markets is the timing and intensity of land development decisions and how these decisions affect property values. In these markets, newly developed office space and residential units often account for a substantial proportion of the aggregate supply of similar types of developed properties. In this article I use a real option model to study the land development problem faced by a central planner. The optimal capital intensity, the value of land and the post- development rents and property values in these markets are strikingly lower than the corresponding values in the markets where the demand is perfectly elastic. Furthermore, the optimal capital intensity and the value of land are most sensitive to the market demand conditions in the emerging markets experiencing the fastest growth or greatest uncertainty, or at times when interest rates or construction costs are lowest.
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26

Fraser, Steve P., and Marcus T. Allen. "International Real Estate Review." International Real Estate Review 19, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 249–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100222.

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Considerable prior research confirms the existence of real estate price premiums associated with golf course amenities in residential development projects. This study examines a unique residential development project in which membership in a golf club is appurtenant to the real estate: ownership of certain (but not all) dwellings in the project includes deeded membership in the project¡¦s golf club. In this development project, golf memberships can only be obtained or disposed of by acquiring or selling the associated dwelling, respectively. The results of this analysis indicates that price premiums associated with appurtenant golf memberships, after controlling for golf course view and other relevant property characteristics, are significantly positive. Furthermore, the results indicate that the magnitude of the price premium for appurtenant golf memberships varies across dwelling types (detached vs. attached) in this project. These findings may be important for housing developers, consumers, lenders, appraisers, and property and income tax authorities.
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27

Ying, Donglei. "Optimization of Tourism Real Estate Development Project Based on Option Premium Model." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2021 (August 18, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2954795.

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Compared with that of traditional housing real estate, the development of tourism real estate is time-consuming, complex, and irreversible. It is hard to guide investment decision-making on tourism real estate with the conventional discount cash flow (DCF) method. This paper aims to demonstrate that the real option method can improve and optimize the investment decision-making on tourism real estate. Through case analysis, the real option model, i.e., the classic American real option model, and binary tree value distribution model were adopted to analyze the factors affecting the real option of tourism real estate, optimize the development sequence of tourism real estate project, and demonstrate the phased development value of tourism real state, thereby enhancing the development value of tourism real estate projects. The case analysis proves that tourism real estate investment is fully consistent with real option in the uncertain spatiotemporal attributes: uncertainty, irreversibility, and timeliness. Therefore, tourism real estate project carries obvious features of real option. The decision-making by the real option model is much more scientific and superior than that by the conventional DCF method. Since the application of real option theory has been emphasizing housing real estate over tourism real estate, the research results enrich the theory on real option-based investment decision-making for real estate and expand the application scope of real option.
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28

Syms, Paul. "Real Estate Economics." Journal of Urban Design 18, no. 2 (May 2013): 306–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2013.772848.

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29

Yu, Hongxiao. "China's real estate market reform and development path." BCP Business & Management 25 (August 30, 2022): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v25i.1845.

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China's real estate market has made an important contribution to economic and social development and has attracted widespread attention. The real estate market is not only concerned with housing problems, but also closely related to finance, residents and public services, and has become an important factor affecting economic and social development. This paper analyzes the main reasons driving the development of China's real estate market and discusses the possible problems. The results show that China's real estate market is in urgent need of reform and innovation to solve some existing contradictions, so as to promote high-quality economic development. Finally, this paper provides some suggestions for real estate development.
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Mintah, Kwabena. "International Real Estate Review." International Real Estate Review 21, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 473–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100270.

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Studies have demonstrated the potential of real options analysis (ROA) in property development decision-making. However, practitioners have yet to accept, adopt and integrate ROA in property development decision-making in Australia. This paper therefore investigates how Australian residential property developers manage uncertainties and risks, examines flexibility as a risk management tool, and evaluates the receptiveness and acceptance of ROA for decision making. Data are collected through face-to-face semi-structured interviews with twelve participants, and analysed by using thematic analysis. The results indicate that a discount rate is insufficient for managing uncertainties and risks; rather, contingency is used. Receptiveness and acceptance of the RO theory are mixed due to lack of unanimity among responses. Some participants are positive about flexibility, while others are dismissive. Beyond quantitative ROA models, the findings suggest that practitioners are receptive to ROA, but concerns remain over adoption. Flexibility cases executed by some participants in practice indicate that practitioners are subconsciously using ROA. Therefore, it is possible that acceptance and adoption could be achieved in the future. Evidence of the use of contingency as a risk management tool challenges the long-held notions of risk-return relationships in property development and investment. This is initial evidence of qualitative research on ROA in practice within Australian property developments.
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BAE, DONG HAK, and SEUNG HEE KIM. "Professional development factors of licensed real estate agents through FGI." Korea Real Estate Society 66 (December 31, 2022): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37407/kres.2022.40.4.5.

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This study aims to identify the professional development characteristics of licensed real estate agentsthrough licensed real estate agents in private practice, and to suggest a direction for fosteringprofessional development of licensed real estate agents in private practice. To this end, FGI wasconducted on licensed real estate agents to understand the professional development characteristics oflicensed real estate agents in context. The professionalism of licensed real estate agents is developed by various factors, but among them,learning activities and networks have a great influence, and it has been confirmed that the characteristicsexpand at each stage of development. In addition, it was possible to confirm the characteristics of theprofessional development stage in the intensive and expansive activities of licensed real estate agents inthe area of activity and activity. In the introductory stage, they focus on their main business within theregion and develop their expertise, but in order to go to the stage of proficiency or higher, they mustexpand their activity area and work to approach them as experts. Based on these FGI research results,it was possible to understand the professional development factors of licensed real estate agents incontext. In order for licensed real estate brokers to advance real estate brokerage services and providehigh-quality services tailored to the eye level of consumers, a plan to enhance professionalism for eachdevelopmental stage of licensed real estate brokers should be presented.
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32

Guo, Peijun. "International Real Estate Review." International Real Estate Review 13, no. 3 (December 31, 2010): 238–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100127.

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Land development is a typical one-shot decision for private investors due to the huge investment expense and the fear of substantial loss. In this paper, a private real estate investment problem is analyzed within a one-shot decision framework, which is used for a situation where a decision is made only once. The one-shot decision framework involves two steps. The first is to identify which state of nature should be focused for each alternative. The second is to evaluate alternatives by using the focused states of nature. In a one-shot decision framework, the behavior of different types of private investors, such as normal, active, passive and more easily satisfied ones, are examined. The analysis provides insights into personal real estate investment and important policy implications in the regulation of urban land development.
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Schoenmaker, Dennis A. J., and Arno J. Van der Vlist. "On real estate development activity: the relationship between commercial and residential real estate markets." Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences 8, no. 3 (April 18, 2015): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12076-015-0144-4.

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34

Singh, Alok. "Perspective of Developer, Buyer, Financier and Equity Participants in Real Estate Project Development Process in India: An important constituent of Construction Industry." International Journal of Management Excellence 8, no. 2 (February 28, 2017): 932–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17722/ijme.v8i2.886.

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The real estate project development is an important constituent of construction industry. The other important constituent of construction industry is infrastructure development. The construction industry drives and impacts many other industries and has a substantial multiplier effect on various sectors and hence on economic output as well as on employment scenarios. This article discusses multiplier effect of construction industry on few of the important economic indicators and further focuses on real estate project development process. The real estate project development process starts from land acquisition to sales and marketing. The internal stakeholders in real estate project development process are real estate developers, real estate buyers and the real estate financers. The paper discusses alternatives for real estate developers, the opportunistic schemes for real estate buyers, and the role of portfolio of financing agencies as well as the role of multitudes of equity participants. It also describes about the regulatory institutions active in real estate project development and promotion process. The real estate projects are developed by organized real estate project developer as well as by unorganized real estate project developers or local builders. This article contributes regarding the challenges and opportunities among the real estate buyers, real estate developers, portfolio of financial schemes offered by real estate financers and the opportunities for real estate equity participants.
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Guo, Hong, and Min Fang Su. "Impact of Residential Real Estate Development on Green Construction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 2756–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.2756.

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It discussed green construction practice in residential real estate development projects in China, analyzed problems met on the implementation of green construction in residential real estate development, on this basis several suggestions on how to promote green construction in residential real estate development were proposed. Policy support and government supervision play the role of lead, promotion and enforcement in the process of green construction in residential real estate development. Green construction plays an important role in promoting sustainable development of residential real estate development and construction industry.
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Dowall, David E., and Paavo Monkkonen. "International Real Estate Review." International Real Estate Review 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2008): 142–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100101.

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The metropolitan area of Chennai, India, presents an interesting case study on India’s transforming economy because it has a unique urban structure for an Indian city of its size. It has an extremely high population density at the city center that is becoming even more crowded. It is also experiencing rapid, but low-density, expansion at the periphery. This paper documents Chennai’s spatial development with detailed data on land use, population density, and land values. A hedonic regression on the price of land suggests that de facto policy differences between political jurisdictions have had a significant effect on land prices. However, the data presented in this paper suggest that land policy reforms in Chennai have been successful in reducing some of the sprawling urban development patterns evident in the 1970’s and 1980’s. Nevertheless, policymakers in Chennai continue to face the double challenge of an extremely dense urban core combined with extensive urban growth.
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37

Shelemekha, D. "The hotel real estate market of Kyiv: formation and development." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 62 (2014): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2014.62.16.

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The dynamics of hotel real estate market of Kyiv are analyzed. The different views about the concept of “real estate market” are explored. The definition of “real estate market” as a socio-geographic category is allocated. The connection between tourists visit of Ukraine and hotel real estate market are disclosed. The basic characteristics of the hotel real estate market of Kyiv, such as supply on the market, average daily room rate, occupancy and revenue per available room are displayed.
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Locke, Stuart M. "Real estate market efficiency." Land Development Studies 3, no. 3 (September 1986): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640828608723910.

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Fu, Yuming, Tsur Somerville, Mengdi Gu, and Tongcheng Huang. "International Real Estate Review." International Real Estate Review 2, no. 1 (June 30, 1999): 49–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100012.

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This paper reviews the urban redevelopment activities in Shanghai as the land market reforms were introduced. We focus on the impact of land use institutions on the spatial pattern of these activities. Sites for private real estate redevelopment were supplied by individual districts in the city. But the need for districts to pay for the resettlement of displaced residents contributed to a spatial mismatch between the supply of redevelopment sites and the market demand for commercial real estate space. Resettlement costs are highest at the high demand locations. State owned enterprises and institutions occupying land allocated by the state also engaged in real estate development. Whereas the density of private redevelopment was sensitive to the volume of commercial activities in a district, this does not appear to have been important in determining the location of the significant increase in the stock of commercial space resulting from development by local enterprises and institutions. This growth shows considerable decentralization between 1993 and 1996, 50 Fu, Somerville, Gu and Huang indicative of spatially inefficient redevelopment activities by land-rich state enterprises.
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40

Shaw, Joe. "Platform Real Estate: theory and practice of new urban real estate markets." Urban Geography 41, no. 8 (October 17, 2018): 1037–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2018.1524653.

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41

Tong, Zhi Neng. "The Real Estate Industry and Economic Development Issues Discussed." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 2542–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.2542.

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Through the course of the economic cycle and the development of urban real estate industry analysis process, economic development, in-depth study of the real estate cycle fluctuations and macroeconomic volatility relationship, trying to figure out the development of the real estate cycle and links between the current economic city fluctuations in the real estate cycle process development law issues to try to do some qualitative research.
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Kotlińska, Janina. "Local Development and Sale of Municipal Real Estate." Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i Prognozy 16, no. 1 (June 20, 2018): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.56583/br.386.

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Local development is associated with investments, the implementation of which requires significant financial resources. Revenues are the primary source of these funds, but also own income or non-returnable funds from abroad. Thus, those local self-governments (LGU ) will develop, which actively and effectively participate in the real estate market, as well as those that will have the possibility to incur liabilities. The indicated conditions are closely related to the construction of an individual debt limit of LGU. In the study, attention was focused on the effects of changing the LGU debt limitation to the economy of municipal real estate in Poland — probably unintended by the legislature. Its purpose is to indicate that the new approach to LGU debt limitation: (1) encourages local government to sell municipal real estate and forced the analysis of the structure of municipal real estate in the aspect of having real estate, and (2) causes changes in the structure of municipal real estate and ways of using it. The statistical data from 2010–2016 are the background and confirmation of the theses and issues presented in the study. The considerations and figures presented in the study show that: (1) return revenues are primarily the source of financing local development, although in recent years a significant change is visible in this area, (2) the new LGU debt rule forces LGU to undertake actions aimed at selling property, (3) sales of municipal real estate is conditioned both by the potential buyer and the seller, (4) both the pool and the structure of municipal real estate is changing, which gives grounds to believe that in the face of many restrictions, it has a chance to become optimal in given conditions and time, and (5 ) the optimal structure of municipal real estate from the point of view of territorial self-government missions, the number and type of tasks performed by individual LGU, as well as their situation and financial conditions is different in each LGU, and it is difficult to assign a target status.
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Li, Bo, Rita Yi Man Li, and Thitinant Wareewanich. "Factors Influencing Large Real Estate Companies’ Competitiveness: A Sustainable Development Perspective." Land 10, no. 11 (November 12, 2021): 1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10111239.

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Strict policy control and real estate market downturn affects large-scale real estate enterprises performance. We surveyed large Chinese real estate enterprises and the internal factors that affect their competitiveness. Verified by the hierarchical regression and structural equation modelling approach, the results mainly show that profitability, capital ability, management and operation ability, human resource ability, brand name, and innovation ability play positive roles in the competitiveness of large real estate enterprises. Management and operation ability plays an intermediary role between human resources and the improvement of competitiveness. Real estate enterprises’ capital sources play an intermediary role between brand names and the improvement of competitiveness. Moreover, landbank area and quality and sales are three major factors that impact the competitiveness improvement of real estate enterprises, while the ability for marketing innovation and the payment collection of enterprises has a relatively small impact. All in all, this paper provides practical implications concerning factors that affect the competitiveness of large real estate enterprises. The findings are helpful to improve the sustainable development of real estate enterprises in the future. As research on factors that affect large-scale real estate enterprises is scarce, this study aims to fill this gap.
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44

Rajan Annamalai, Thillai, Bharat Bansal, and Josephine Gemson. "Private equity investment and real estate development." Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction 19, no. 3 (October 28, 2014): 202–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmpc-02-2014-0001.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the trends and contribution of private equity (PE) investors in real estate development in India because the real estate sector in India had witnessed significant investments from PE firms in recent years. Design/methodology/approach – The study focused on residential segment of real estate development, as it is the largest among all the segments. Two types of analyses have been done in this paper: first was to compare residential projects with PE investment with those that did not have any PE investment. The results were based on an analysis of 453 residential projects. The second was an analysis of only those projects that had PE investment. This paper studied if there were differences in investment patterns between domestic and foreign PE investors, and dedicated and diversified PE investors. Findings – Projects with PE investment were larger, as compared to projects that did not have any PE investment. The results of this paper also showed that PE firms preferred to invest with developers who had significant experience in undertaking larger-sized projects. PE investments significantly happened in projects that were located in metro cities. While PE firms as a whole preferred to invest in project mode, domestic investors were more inclined to invest in a project structure as compared to foreign PE firms. Though foreign PE firms invested more amounts per deal on average, there was a negative relationship between foreign PE firms and the extent of their shareholding in the investment. Practical implications – Encouraging PE investment in real estate projects would contribute toward to increasing the transparency in the sector. Strengthening the domestic PE industry would increase investment flow for real estate projects. PE investors who are able to add value to their investments are able to obtain higher shareholding. Originality/value – Empirical research on Indian real estate industry is scarce because of the lack of transparency and availability of reliable data. This is one of the initial studies on the Indian real estate sector based on a robust dataset.
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Lee, Mei-Hsing, Chien-Wen Peng, and Hsueh-Fei Liao. "International Real Estate Review." International Real Estate Review 23, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 483–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100311.

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Most existing studies on the behavior of real estate appraisers focus on the issues around the independence of the appraiser. This study uses a questionnaire to measure the objectivity of real estate appraisers which involves six indicators related to the appraisal process, and divides the factors that affect the objectivity of real estate appraisers in Taiwan into four categories, namely, the opinion of the appraiser regarding the future development of the real estate appraisal industry, current real estate appraisal approaches and behavior of other appraisers, and the characteristics of real estate appraisers and their firms. The empirical results reveal that the income of appraisers relative to other professionals and public opinion in relation to the fairness of real estate appraisers are the two most important factors that affect the objectivity of real estate appraisers. Furthermore, the work experience of the appraiser, total revenue of the real estate appraisal firm, and independence of the final appraisal result all significantly and positively affect the objectivity of the real estate appraisers, and the awareness of a lack of appraisers in the market significantly and negatively affects their objectivity. These findings are helpful to the healthy development of real estate appraisal and its related industries.
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46

Kauskale, Linda, Janis Zvirgzdins, and Ineta Geipele. "The Real Estate Market and its Influencing Factors for Sustainable Real Estate Development: A Case of Latvia." Baltic Journal of Real Estate Economics and Construction Management 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 171–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjreecm-2022-0012.

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Abstract The tendencies of the development of real estate market could affect the tendencies within the real estate development. The development of the real estate market could be influenced by the variety of factors, depending on the economic system of the country and other factors. The aim of the research is to analyse the tendencies in the Latvian real estate market, by paying particular attention to its influencing factors and sustainable real estate development. The literature review, comparative, historical, statistical analysis, observation and logical access methods have been used in the research. The research provides an interdisciplinary view on the topic. Particular attention is paid to the case of Latvia. The research can be used to promote the importance of sustainability and sustainable development using different forms, mostly economic and environmental ones. Changes within the economic dimension, including changes of real estate market prices, and other significant aspects of real estate development can influence the sustainability of the real estate market in general and may affect the financial results of market participants. Thus, the research can also be useful for real estate developers for a planned, balanced and financially successful entrepreneurship in the changing environment.
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Gillespie, Tom. "The Real Estate Frontier." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 44, no. 4 (May 7, 2020): 599–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12900.

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48

Mills, Edwin S. "International Real Estate Review." International Real Estate Review 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2002): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100034.

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Government controls on urban land use are as pervasive as death and taxes. Certainly, I have never been in or seen reference to a country that placed no or even almost no, controls on how owners could develop and use urban land. The most comprehensive study of urban housing development policies, Angel and Mayo (1996), which covers 53 countries that include 80 percent of the world’s population, included none that approximated free markets in housing.
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Zhang, A. Lin, and Hai Yan Zhang. "Analysis of the Effects of Real Estate Investment on Sustainable Development of Regional." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 1647–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.1647.

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Real estate investment is an essential part of regional economy. Combining the concept of sustainable development with the real estate investment and economic coordinating development, this text illustrates the correlation between real estate investment and regional economic development, discusses the boosting function of real estate investment on regional economic growth and proposes relevant policies of real estate investment on regional economic sustainable development.
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Hwang, Jong-Kyu, and Joo-hyun Cho. "A Study on Real Estate Development Ethics." Konkuk Research Institute of Real Estate and Urban Studies 9, no. 1 (August 16, 2016): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22423/kreus.2016.9.1.23.

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