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Journal articles on the topic 'Reading efficiency'

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1

Høien-Tengesdal, Ingjerd, and Torleiv Høien. "The Reading Efficiency Model." Journal of Learning Disabilities 45, no. 5 (January 31, 2012): 467–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022219411432688.

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Sotozaki, Hiroko, and Bianca Hatin. "Hemispheric processing and reading efficiency." Journal of Neurolinguistics 24, no. 4 (July 2011): 497–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2011.03.002.

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3

Swirsky-Sacchetti, T. "Visual efficiency problems in reading." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 14, no. 8 (November 1999): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0887-6177(99)80124-3.

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Swirsky-Sacchetti, T., M. M. Scheiman, and L. Catania. "Visual efficiency problems in reading." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 14, no. 8 (November 1, 1999): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/14.8.685.

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5

Jiang, Xiangying, Yasuyo Sawaki, and John Sabatini. "Word Reading Efficiency, Text Reading Fluency, and Reading Comprehension Among Chinese Learners of English." Reading Psychology 33, no. 4 (July 2012): 323–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02702711.2010.526051.

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McLean, Stuart, and Greg Rouault. "The effectiveness and efficiency of extensive reading at developing reading rates." System 70 (November 2017): 92–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2017.09.003.

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7

Chen, Hsuan-Chih, and Alice F. Healy. "Effects of reading efficiency and display size on rapid-sequential reading." Acta Psychologica 89, no. 1 (June 1995): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-6918(94)00010-e.

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8

McCallum, R. Steve, Shannon Sharp, Sherry Mee Bell, and Thomas George. "Silent versus oral reading comprehension and efficiency." Psychology in the Schools 41, no. 2 (2004): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pits.10152.

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9

Carver, Ronald P. "The Three Factors in Reading Ability: Reanalysis of a Study by Cunningham, Stanovich, and Wilson." Journal of Reading Behavior 24, no. 2 (June 1992): 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10862969209547771.

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Cunningham, Stanovich, and Wilson (1990) tested college students and concluded from their 22 measures that three factors were needed to explain individual differences in reading ability; one of these factors was called Word Recognition. Their data have been reanalyzed to determine whether there is any support for the three individual difference factors advanced in rauding theory—called rauding accuracy level (AL), rauding rate level (RL), and rauding efficiency level (EL). A factor analysis of their nine variables that measured reading ability yielded two factors; one was readily identified as AL because its highest loadings were on vocabulary and listening tests, and the other was readily identified as RL because its highest loadings were on measures of reading rate. When a single factor fit was forced upon these data, the resulting factor was readily identified as EL because the highest loadings were on measures of general reading ability such as reading comprehension and efficiency. It appears that individual differences in almost all measures of reading ability can be explained by regarding AL and RL as correlated subfactors of general reading ability, EL. The Word Recognition factor found by Cunningham et al. appears to be a rate factor, called rauding rate level, RL.
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10

Pasic, Milena. "Efficiency in reading of Cyrillic and Latin text." Psihologija 37, no. 4 (2004): 495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi0404495p.

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Readability of visual units is not only identification of single letters.The success in reading of a text is result of the interaction between different factors.A one of the most important being phonological structure of sequence. The research is done on the sample of 395 primary schoolchildren, divided in to three age groups. There are no differences in success of reading of Cyrillic and Latin text for most of the variables which measured success in reading. The readers who don?t have greater difficulties in reading, use Cyrillic equally well as and Latin alphabet. Moreover, greater practice in uses of one alphabet is not a deciding factor. Differences in uses of one alphabet or the other are notified with inferior readers and are more emphatic in the beginning phases of the development of the reading and writing skill.
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Paulson, Darin L., Jeff Pelson, and Vicki S. Borowicz. "(BV-105)INTERMITTENT CENTRAL SUPPRESSION AND READING EFFICIENCY." Optometry and Vision Science 77, SUPPLEMENT (December 2000): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-200012001-00454.

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Solan, Harold A., Jerome M. Feldman, and Laura Tujak. "DEVELOPING VISUAL AND READING EFFICIENCY IN OLDER ADULTS." Optometry and Vision Science 71, Supplement (December 1994): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-199412001-00238.

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13

SOLAN, HAROLD A., JEROME FELDMAN, and LAURA TUJAK. "Developing Visual and Reading Efficiency in Older Adults." Optometry and Vision Science 72, no. 2 (February 1995): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-199502000-00012.

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14

Wang, Aiping, Wei Zhou, Hua Shu, and Ming Yan. "Reading proficiency modulates parafoveal processing efficiency: Evidence from reading Chinese as a second language." Acta Psychologica 152 (October 2014): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.07.010.

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15

Moreno-Pérez, Francisco J., David Saldaña, and Isabel R. Rodríguez-Ortiz. "Reading Efficiency of Deaf and Hearing People in Spanish." Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 20, no. 4 (July 23, 2015): 374–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/deafed/env030.

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16

Geva, Esther, Lesly Wade-Woolley, and Michal Shany. "Development of Reading Efficiency in First and Second Language." Scientific Studies of Reading 1, no. 2 (April 1997): 119–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s1532799xssr0102_2.

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17

Sabatini, John P. "Efficiency in Word Reading of Adults: Ability Group Comparisons." Scientific Studies of Reading 6, no. 3 (July 2002): 267–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s1532799xssr0603_4.

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18

Turkeltaub, Peter E., Jennifer Benson, Roy H. Hamilton, Abhishek Datta, Marom Bikson, and H. Branch Coslett. "Left lateralizing transcranial direct current stimulation improves reading efficiency." Brain Stimulation 5, no. 3 (July 2012): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2011.04.002.

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19

Hawkins, Renee O., Richard Marsicano, Ara J. Schmitt, Elizabeth McCallum, and Shobana Musti-Rao. "Comparing the Efficiency of Repeated Reading and Listening-While-Reading to Improve Fluency and Comprehension." Education and Treatment of Children 38, no. 1 (2015): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/etc.2015.0005.

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20

NASSAJI, HOSSEIN, and ESTHER GEVA. "The contribution of phonological and orthographic processing skills to adult ESL reading: Evidence from native speakers of Farsi." Applied Psycholinguistics 20, no. 2 (June 1999): 241–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716499002040.

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The present study investigated the role of phonological and orthographic processing skills in adult second language reading. The subjects were 60 ESL graduate students; all were native speakers of Farsi. Three types of ESL reading measures were used as criterion variables: reading comprehension, silent reading rate, and the ability to recognize individual words. Data were analyzed using correlational and hierarchical multiple regression. Efficiency in phonological and orthographic processing contributed significantly to individual differences on the reading measures. In particular, efficiency in orthographic processing contributed to the reading measures independently of syntactic and semantic measures. The study suggests that it is useful to consider individual differences in ESL reading with respect to individual differences in lower level processes – particularly the efficiency with which readers process phonological and orthographic information.
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21

Caravolas, Markéta. "Growth of Word and Pseudoword Reading Efficiency in Alphabetic Orthographies: Impact of Consistency." Journal of Learning Disabilities 51, no. 5 (July 18, 2017): 422–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022219417718197.

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Word and pseudoword reading are related abilities fundamental to reading development in alphabetic orthographies. They are respectively assumed to index children’s orthographic representations of words, which are in turn acquired through the underlying “self-teaching mechanism” of alphabetic pseudoword decoding. Little is known about concurrent growth trajectories of these skills in the early grades among children learning different alphabetic orthographies. In the present study, between- and within-group latent growth models of word and pseudoword reading efficiency were tested on data spanning Grades 1 and 2 from learners of the inconsistent English and consistent Czech and Slovak orthographies. Several language-general patterns emerged. Significant growth was observed for both skills in all languages. Growth was faster for word than pseudoword reading efficiency, and strong lexicality effects that increased over time were obtained across languages. Language-specific patterns were also found. In line with predictions about the costs of learning lower-consistency orthographies, readers of English experienced relatively slower growth on both reading skills. However, their lag was smaller, and evident only at the latter two time points for word reading. In contrast, on pseudoword reading, the English group performed considerably less well than their Czech and Slovak peers at every time point. Thus, weaker decoding skills were the main contributor to the larger lexicality effects of the English group. These findings are considered within the frame of recent theorizing about the effect of orthographic consistency on decoding as a self-teaching mechanism in alphabetic reading acquisition.
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22

Lu, Quan, Qingjun Liu, Jing Chen, and Ji Li. "Is there any efficient reading strategy when using text signals for navigation in a long document?" Library Hi Tech 35, no. 4 (November 20, 2017): 458–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-11-2016-0143.

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Purpose Since researchers have utilized text signals to develop a mass of within-document visualization analysis tools for reading aid in a long document, there is an increasing need to study the relationship between readers’ behavior of using text signals for navigation and their reading performance in the tools. The purpose of this paper is to combine the text signals using behavior and reading performance in two kinds of analysis tools to verify their relationship and discover whether there is any efficient reading strategy when using text signals to navigate a long document. Design/methodology/approach The methodology is a case study. The authors reviewed related literature first. After explaining the design ideas, interface and functions of THC-DAT and BOOKMARK, which are two reading tools utilizing two main kinds of text signals, one utilizing topics and the other utilizing headings for reading aid, a case study was presented to collect click data on the text signals of participants and their reading effectiveness (score) and efficiency (time). Findings The results confirm that the text signals using behavior for navigation has a significant impact on reading efficiency and no impact on reading effectiveness in both BOOKMARK and THC-DAT. The discrete degree of clicks behavior on text signals has an impact on reading efficiency. The using behavior of different types of text signals has different impacts on reading efficiency. Research limitations/implications Using text signals for navigation time evenly can help improve reading efficiency. And a basic strategy suggested to readers is focusing on reducing their time to find answers when using text signals for navigation in a long document. As to utilizing the two different kinds of text signals, readers can have different strategies. Accordingly, personalized recommendation based on interval of adjacent clicks will help to improve computer-aided reading tools. Originality/value This paper combines the text signals using behavior for navigation and reading performance in two kinds of visual analysis tools, studied the relationship between them and discovers some efficient reading strategies when using text signals for navigation to read a long document.
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23

Xin, Wang, and Jun Ma. "Storage Mechanism of Processing Magnanimity Small Files Applying HDFS Architecture." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 1614–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.1614.

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Pointing at the low efficiency problem of I/O operations of small files using HDFS application architecture, this article proposes a new method, that is, add disk buffer on DataNode to reduce addressing time of reading small files, and thus reduce reading time, and reduce the stress bringed by frequent NameNode access, so as to optimize the reading efficiency of small files. Experiment results show that the design programme is feasible, and adding disk buffer benefits for increasing efficiency of processing small files applying HDFS.
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24

Johnson, Evelyn S., Juli L. Pool, and Deborah R. Carter. "Validity Evidence for the Test of Silent Reading Efficiency and Comprehension (TOSREC)." Assessment for Effective Intervention 37, no. 1 (December 2011): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534508411395556.

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An essential component of a response to intervention (RTI) framework is a screening process that is both accurate and efficient. The purpose of this study was to analyze the validity evidence for the Test of Silent Reading Efficiency and Comprehension (TOSREC) to determine its potential for use within a screening process. Participants included 226 students in Grades 1 to 5. Validity evidence was analyzed through (a) correlation with performance on concurrent, individually administered oral reading fluency (ORF) measures, (b) correlation with performance on concurrently administered reading comprehension measures, (c) correlation of fall and winter TOSREC performance with a state reading outcome measure administered in spring, (d) a binary classification analysis to predict whether students met grade-level performance benchmarks on a state reading assessment, and (e) a stepwise regression analysis examining the variance in performance on a state assessment accounted for by TOSREC and ORF. The concurrent correlations of TOSREC with ORF were high, with the exception of the fall fourth grade administration. Correlations of TOSREC and outcome measures were consistent with those of ORF. The binary classification analysis examining the TOSREC’s ability to accurately predict those students who did not meet grade-level performance benchmarks on the state’s reading assessment demonstrated high classification accuracy (90%) as well as high sensitivity (78%) and specificity (86%). Finally, a regression analysis indicated that the TOSREC accounted for additional unique variance in state assessment performance above and beyond ORF. Implications for practice are discussed.
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25

Casco, Clara, Patrizio E. Tressoldi, and Annamaria Dellantonio. "Visual Selective Attention and Reading Efficiency are Related in Children." Cortex 34, no. 4 (January 1998): 531–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70512-4.

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26

Lloyd, Robert Earl, and Rick L. Bunch. "Explaining Map-reading Performance Efficiency: Gender, Memory, and Geographic Information." Cartography and Geographic Information Science 35, no. 3 (January 2008): 171–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1559/152304008784864677.

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Voiskounsky, Alexander E., and Maxim Yu Solodov. "How features of digital text affect reading efficiency and comprehension." Psychology in Education 2, no. 2 (2020): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33910/2686-9527-2020-2-2-134-142.

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28

Kosak Babuder, Milena. "EFFICIENCY OF READING COMPREHENSION TRAINING IN PUPILS LIVING IN POVERTY." Innovative Issues and Approaches in Social Sciences 8, no. 3 (September 5, 2015): 61–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12959/issn.1855-0541.iiass-2015-no3-art03.

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Lü, Xuehong, and Jie Zhang. "Reading efficiency: A comparative study of English and Chinese orthographies." Reading Research and Instruction 38, no. 4 (June 1999): 301–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19388079909558298.

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30

Lowe, J. B., and N. Drasdo. "Efficiency in reading with closed-circuit television for low vision." Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 10, no. 3 (July 1990): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1313.1990.tb00856.x.

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Bender, Paul. "Automated Meter Reading: WASA Increases Efficiency, Revenues, and Customer Satisfaction." Opflow 28, no. 10 (October 2002): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8701.2002.tb01676.x.

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Guimarães, Márcia Reis, Douglas de Araújo Vilhena, Stephen J. Loew, and Ricardo Queiroz Guimarães. "Spectral Overlays for Reading Difficulties: Oculomotor Function and Reading Efficiency Among Children and Adolescents With Visual Stress." Perceptual and Motor Skills 127, no. 2 (November 25, 2019): 490–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512519889772.

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This study analyzed the effects of spectral overlays on ocular motility during reading among a clinical group of children and adolescents experiencing visual–perceptual distortions of text. We reviewed the records of 323 eye-hospital patients diagnosed with visual stress and divided this participant sample into two age-based cohorts: children ( n = 184; Mean [ M] age = 10.1, standard deviation [ SD] = 1.3 years) and adolescents ( n = 139; M age = 14.6, SD = 1.5 years). We used a Visagraph III Eye-Movement Recording System to record ocular motor efficiency while reading with and without spectral overlays, and we examined the following parameters: (a) Fixations, (b) Regressions, (c) Span of Recognition, (d) Reading Rate, (e) Relative Efficiency, and (f) Comprehension. Our results showed that using one or some combination of 10 participant-selected spectral overlays immediately and significantly ( p < .001) reduced the number of Fixations and Regressions per 100 words, while there were significant ( p < .001) gains in positive factors such as Span of Recognition, Reading Rate, Relative Efficiency, and Comprehension. Our findings indicate that spectral filtering can be an effective tool for helping many young patients who experience visual–perceptual distortions while reading. Future expanded research employing eye-tracking technology is clearly needed.
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Foorman, Barbara R., Yaacov Petscher, and M. Denise Bishop. "The incremental variance of morphological knowledge to reading comprehension in grades 3–10 beyond prior reading comprehension, spelling, and text reading efficiency." Learning and Individual Differences 22, no. 6 (December 2012): 792–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2012.07.009.

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Ho, Connie Suk-Han, Mo Zheng, Catherine McBride, Lucy Shih Ju Hsu, Mary M. Y. Waye, and Jocelyn Ching-Yan Kwok. "Examining an extended simple view of reading in Chinese: The role of naming efficiency for reading comprehension." Contemporary Educational Psychology 51 (October 2017): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2017.08.009.

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Jiang, Xiangying. "Lower-Level Processing Skills in English-as-a-Second-Language Reading Comprehension: Possible Influence of First Language Orthography." Studies in English Language Teaching 5, no. 3 (July 1, 2017): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/selt.v5n3p448.

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<em>Cross-linguistic studies on second language (L2) reading reveal that component skills of reading such as word recognition, phonemic decoding, spelling, and oral text reading are prone to the influence of first language (L1) orthography but few empirical studies have examined the possible influence of L1 orthography on these skills. This study investigates how adult ESL learners of two different L1 backgrounds (Spanish and Chinese) compare in their performances on word recognition efficiency, phonemic decoding efficiency, spelling, and oral text reading fluency and how these skills are related to their overall ability in reading comprehension. The differences in the learners’ performances on the component skills and the variations in the role of these skills in ESL reading comprehension indicated possible influence of the orthographic features of learners’ first language.</em>
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Dragan, Valeriu. "CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR EFFICIENCY CALCULATION WITH HEAT TRANSFER." IIUM Engineering Journal 18, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v18i2.695.

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In this paper we present a case study of apparent performance variation ofan optimized centrifugal compressor design when its metal parts are cold - before the conjugated heat transfer between the fluid and parts reaches an energetic equilibrium. The methods used are numerical, using full viscous 3D computational fluid dynamics with heat transfer. Three cases were considered, an adiabatic wall baseline, an all-blade cooling at 293 K and a more realistic stator row cooling at 293 K. Results indicate an apparent yet erroneous isentropic efficiency reading increase beyond 100% - which was to be expected due to the fluid cooling. However the isentropic and polytropic efficiencies could be estimated and were used to more accurately assess the performance of the compressor. Power consumption decreased to approximately 97% of the original load while the pressure ratio was marginally increased. This alone does not, however, explain the non-physical efficiency readings, which are mainly due to the assumptionsand manner under which the efficiency itself is calculated. The paper presents a more robust approach to measuring efficiency, regardless of the heat transfer within the turbomachinery itself. Possible applications of the study may range from cold-start regime simulation to the optimization of inter-cooling setup or even flow angle control without mechanically actuated OGV
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37

Cavalli, Eddy, Pascale Colé, Gilles Leloup, Florence Poracchia-George, Liliane Sprenger-Charolles, and Abdessadek El Ahmadi. "Screening for Dyslexia in French-Speaking University Students: An Evaluation of the Detection Accuracy of the Alouette Test." Journal of Learning Disabilities 51, no. 3 (April 19, 2017): 268–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022219417704637.

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Developmental dyslexia is a lifelong impairment affecting 5% to 10% of the population. In French-speaking countries, although a number of standardized tests for dyslexia in children are available, tools suitable to screen for dyslexia in adults are lacking. In this study, we administered the Alouette reading test to a normative sample of 164 French university students without dyslexia and a validation sample of 83 students with dyslexia. The Alouette reading test is designed to screen for dyslexia in children, since it taps skills that are typically deficient in dyslexia (i.e., phonological skills). However, the test’s psychometric properties have not previously been available, and it is not standardized for adults. The results showed that, on the Alouette test, dyslexic readers were impaired on measures of accuracy, speed, and efficiency (accuracy/reading time). We also found significant correlations between the Alouette reading efficiency and phonological efficiency scores. Finally, in terms of the Alouette test, speed-accuracy trade-offs were found in both groups, and optimal cutoff scores were determined with receiver operator characteristic curves analysis, yielding excellent discriminatory power, with 83.1% sensitivity and 100% specificity for reading efficiency. Thus, this study supports the Alouette test as a sensitive and specific screening tool for adults with dyslexia.
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OSANAIYE, Opeyemi, Sunday UNOGWU, and Folayo AINA. "A GSM MODULE-BASED SMART ELECTRIC METER READER." Acta Electrotechnica et Informatica 20, no. 4 (January 21, 2021): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15546/aeei-2020-0024.

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The traditional and estimated billing system of electric energy consumed in most part of Sub-Saharan Africa has become a lingering issue to the electricity consumers. This has therefore necessitated the advent of smart electric meters. In this work, we propose a smart electric meter reader that provides an efficient and economically viable technique for measuring the consumption of electricity. This proposed method tends to solve many issues of the traditional reading system, such as reading efficiency, accuracy, and the elimination of human interface. Our proposed method, consisting of a GSM module, is used to wirelessly communicate the smart meter readings to the electricity provider and the consumer in form of a text message. The results obtained from the evaluation of this work show that our proposed method has improved the accuracy of the meter reading process for proper accountability.
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Ochoa, Elena Maria, Nadia Estela del Río, Carina Mellone, and Carola Elsa Simonetti. "Eficacia de un programa de mejora de la comprensión lectora en Educación Primaria." Revista de Psicología y Educación - Journal of Psychology and Education 14, no. 1 (2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.23923/rpye2019.01.172.

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Mirzieva, L. R., E. N. Kulikova, and Li Siyuan. "EFFICIENCY OF SHORT STORIES IN INTENSIVE READING TEACHING ON CHINESE LESSONS." KAZAN LINGUISTIC JOURNAL 3, no. 3 (2020): 265–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2658-3321.2020.3.3.265-288.

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41

Bendel, S. E., A. N. Bardos, and N. Politikos. "Efficiency of visual search strategies: Reading disabled versus regular education students." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 10, no. 4 (January 1, 1995): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/10.4.298.

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42

Tanyeli, Nadıran. "The efficiency of online English language instruction on students’ reading skills." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 1, no. 1 (2009): 564–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2009.01.102.

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43

Petscher, Yaacov, and Young-Suk Kim. "Efficiency of Predicting Risk in Word Reading Using Fewer, Easier Letters." Assessment for Effective Intervention 37, no. 1 (May 13, 2011): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534508411407761.

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Letter-name identification has been widely used as part of early screening to identify children who might be at risk for future word reading difficulty. The goal of the present study was to examine whether a reduced set of letters could have similar diagnostic accuracy rather than a full set (i.e., 26 letters) when used as a screen. First, we examined whether a hierarchical scale existed among letters by using a Mokken scale analysis. Then, we contrasted diagnostic accuracy among the 5, 10, 15, and 20 easiest letters, with all 26 letters by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and indices of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive power, and negative predictive power. Results demonstrated that a hierarchical scale existed among items in the letter-name knowledge test. In addition, assessing students on the easiest 15 letters was not statistically distinguished from all 26 letters in diagnostic accuracy. The implications of the results for the use of a Mokken scale analysis in educational research are discussed.
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44

Soederberg Miller, Lisa M. "Age differences in the effects of domain knowledge on reading efficiency." Psychology and Aging 24, no. 1 (2009): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0014586.

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45

Marinus, Eva, Saskia Kohnen, and Genevieve McArthur. "Australian comparison data for the Test of Word Reading Efficiency (TOWRE)." Australian Journal of Learning Difficulties 18, no. 2 (October 31, 2013): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19404158.2013.852981.

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46

Torres-Díaz, Rosario, Raysil Mosquera Suárez, Marlis Ontivero Ortega, Yuniel Romero Quintana, Eduardo González Alemañy, Aymee Alvarez-Rivero, José A. Ojeda Núñez, Brenda Peón López, Belkis Recio Morales, and Mitchell Valdés-Sosa. "Text segmentation ability predicts future reading efficiency in Spanish-speaking children." Acta Psychologica 204 (March 2020): 103015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103015.

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47

Bendel, S. "Efficiency of visual search strategies: Reading disabled versus regular education students." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 10, no. 4 (August 1995): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0887-6177(95)92879-a.

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48

Walters, Alison D., Sarah E. Smith, and James P. J. Chong. "Shuttle Vector System forMethanococcus maripaludiswith Improved Transformation Efficiency." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 7 (February 4, 2011): 2549–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02919-10.

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ABSTRACTWe have identified an open reading frame and DNA element that are sufficient to maintain shuttle vectors inMethanococcus maripaludis. Strain S0001, containing ORF1 from pURB500 integrated into theM. maripaludisgenome, supports a significantly smaller shuttle vector, pAW42, and a 7,000-fold increase in transformation efficiency for pURB500-based vectors.
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49

Yamada, Akira, Yukinori Okajima, Eriko Yoshizawa, Fumiaki Fukamatsu, Takayuki Mitsui, Takeshi Suzuki, Fumihito Ichinohe, et al. "Improvement in radiological reading efficiency and residents’ education and clinical contribution using the modified reading system “Triage Reader”." Japanese Journal of Radiology 36, no. 11 (September 1, 2018): 649–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11604-018-0772-x.

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50

Andrusiak, V., and V. Kravchenko. "Analysis of efficiency of perception of information depending on the individual learning style." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Biology 78, no. 2 (2019): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728_2748.2019.78.61-67.

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The paper explored the features of information acquisition by people with different individual learning styles in accordance with the VARK classification (Visual, Auditory, Reading, Kinesthetic), which is popular in the educational field, using a comparative analysis of memorizing the details of fiction and scientific texts, as well as the brain's electrical activity during reading and listening.It is revealed that the way of presenting the text corresponding to the individual learning style does not increase the efficiency of memorizing its details.Audials, better than visuals, learned the content of a fiction text, when it is visually presented. Audials and kinesthetics demonstrated the worst long-term memorization of the details of a fiction text, regardless of how it was processed. It is shown that, regardless of the dominant learning style, listening to the text is accompanied by a greater cognitive load compared to reading, which was reflected in a generalized increase in spectral power in the theta EEG range. Reading was accompanied by a greater spectral power in the delta range in comparison with listening to texts for representatives of all learning styles, except visuals. In the kinesthetics, the spectral power of the high-frequency beta range of the EEG increased in the left temporo-occipital zones, while reading a fiction fragment, which indicates higher level of psycho-emotional tension in comparison with listening. The brain mechanism for maintaining attention and working memory during perception of information had specific EEG correlates in subjects with different individual learning styles, which, however, did not affect the differences in the efficiency of information assimilation by representatives of these groups.
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