Journal articles on the topic 'Reading behaviour construct'
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Li, Wu, and Yuehua Wu. "Adolescents’ social reading: motivation, behaviour, and their relationship." Electronic Library 35, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 246–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-12-2015-0239.
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Purpose Using the case of social reading via WeChat in China, this paper aims to explore adolescents’ social reading motivation and behaviour. It also examines how the specific dimensions of reading motivation contribute to the different aspects of social reading behaviour. Design/methodology/approach This study used survey approach, which gathered 1,039 valid responses from a cluster sampling in 14 middle and high schools in Shanghai, China. Findings The results indicated that social reading motivation was a multidimensional construct, which included the dimensions of social interaction, self-development, peer recognition, information acquisition, personal interests and time killing. The research also found that different motivational dimensions exerted different influences on adolescents’ social reading activities. Specifically, the motivations of time killing and self-development are significant predictors of both the reading act and socializing act. However, information acquisition and personal interests were significant predictors only of the reading act, while social interaction and peer recognition significantly predicted the socializing act. Research limitations/implications The findings would be valuable for those who develop reading programs or administer adolescents’ reading practice. This study can help them understand the complexity of adolescents’ social reading motivation and distinguish between its different dimensions. Originality/value The study provides important insights into the nature of adolescents’ social reading motivation and how it relates to their social reading behaviour. It not only confirmed the multidimensionality of social reading motivation as a construct but also expanded the exploration of reading motivation and behaviour to the social media arena.
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ALTANLAR, Aslı, and Zeynep ÖZDEMİR. "READING BEHAVIORS AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE LIVING THROUGH ARCHITECTURE FACULTY STUDENTS." INTERNATIONAL REFEREED JOURNAL OF DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE, no. 27 (2022): 132–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17365/tmd.2022.turkey.27.06.
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Objective: It created a sustainable urban culture with common behaviour patterns in the relationship between humans and natural and artificial environments. Therefore, it is essential to raise awareness about social responsibilities to protect the ecosystem. The study focuses on understanding the factors that determine the awareness, environmentalist attitudes and behaviours of students at the faculty of architecture towards sustainable living. Method: "Exploratory Factor Analysis" was conducted to determine the construct validity of the scale of attitudes and behaviors towards sustainable living and to reveal its factor structure. Spearman-Brown correlation analysis was applied to determine the scale's relationship and sub-dimensions. Mann-Whitney Test and Kruskal-Wallis Test were conducted to determine whether there was a significant difference between the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants and the factors. Findings: It was determined that the components of the SAB scale are "environmental awareness", "environmental behaviors" and "technocentric attitude". There was a significant difference between the gender and their environmental awareness and behaviour scores, while there was no significant difference between their technocentric attitude score averages. Conclusion: It was determined that students' environmental awareness affects their environmental behaviors and sustainable living. It is crucial for creating sustainable urban development planning.
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Alshaibani, Elham, and Ali Bakir. "A reading in cross-cultural service encounter: Exploring the relationship between cultural intelligence, employee performance and service quality." Tourism and Hospitality Research 17, no. 3 (May 25, 2016): 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1467358416651474.
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A multi-disciplinary reading in cross-cultural service interactions in hospitality and service management literature was undertaken focusing on employee’s attitudes and behaviour that are seen to influence service quality. The interplay of the competing constructs of employee personality, emotional intelligence and cultural intelligence in the service encounter was looked at in relation to employee performance and customer perception of service quality. The reading suggests that cultural intelligence of service employees was the most relevant construct in the encounter. As there are no studies linking cultural intelligence to service quality, the dialogue with the literature allowed the development of a theoretical model of relationships which proposed that cultural intelligence is related to service quality through employee performance. This reading adds to the cross-cultural hospitality and service management literature and has potential implications for management and employee training and development in these fields.
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Manolitsis, George. "Ο αναδυόμενος γραμματισμός στην προσχολική εκπαίδευση: Νέα ζητήματα και εκπαιδευτικές προτάσεις." Preschool and Primary Education 4, no. 1 (May 30, 2016): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/ppej.9970.
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The present study aims to describe a theoretical perspective of emergent literacy, based on a detailed literature review of previous theoretical models, and on contemporary research findings on the structure of emergent literacy. A triangular model is suggested to explain the construct of emergent literacy. A prominent role is given to the continuous interaction of various contextual experiences with the components of emergent literacy. The construct of emergent literacy consists of three major components which are considered critical for literacy acquisition. These major components are the knowledge of literacy concepts, literacy skills and literacy behaviours. The knowledge components include concepts about print and letter knowledge; the literacy skills include oral language (vocabulary, listening comprehension, and narrative skills) and metalinguistic (phonological, syntactic and morphological awareness) skills; literacy behaviour includes emergent reading and emergent writing. According to this triangular model, the components of literacy knowledge and literacy skills are intercorrelated, while both components influence the emergence of literacy behaviours such as emergent reading and writing. However, beyond the direct links of each major component to each other, there are also indirect links among them through the effects of the experiences children get from the contexts they live in. These experiences originate from home and school contexts. Educational implications for optimal literacy acquisition from an early age are discussed based on the suggestions of this triangular model.
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Anuar, Nadia, Ahmad Mazli Muhammad, and Zainudin Awang. "An Exploratory Factor Analysis of Elicited Students’ Salient Beliefs Toward Critical Reading." International Journal of Modern Languages And Applied Linguistics 4, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ijmal.v4i4.11288.
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Critical reading was named a key aspiration in the Malaysian Education Blueprint (2015-2025) and is an essential skill students must acquire. However, an increased number of students was reported to demonstrate poor critical reading performance at the workplace. Thus, Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) was utilised to examine students’ beliefs critical reading which encompass behavioural belief (advantages and disadvantages of critical reading), normative belief (identification of people who approve participating in critical reading), and control belief (difficulties in critical reading). A three-stage research design was employed. The first stage, elicitation study, was conducted as this stage has received minimum scholarly attention in the TPB literature and to ensure a more comprehensive analysis. The beliefs were analysed qualitatively, which was proceeded by expert panel review. Subsequently, exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine the validity of the salient beliefs. Findings from the exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis revealed that beliefs that were elicited from students in this first stage are appropriate and possess sufficient reliability and construct validity. Hence, the results of this study not only contributed to the critical reading and Theory of Planned Behaviour’s literature but have also identified more relevant factors that influence students’ perception toward critical reading.
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Korstanje, Maximiliano Emanuel, and Babu P. George. "What does insurance purchase behaviour say about risks?" International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 6, no. 3 (September 14, 2015): 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-09-2012-0030.
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Purpose – This paper aims to explore the world of insurances as rites of adaptancy and resiliency before risk and disasters. The research on risks, both perceived and real, has become a frequent theme of academic research in the recent past. Design/methodology/approach – The information given by the superintendencia de Seguros de Buenos Aires involves 100 per cent of the insurances companies of Argentina. The reading of insurance demands corresponds with a new method in the studies of risks. Findings – Using advanced probability theory and quantitative techniques, risk management researchers have been able to construct sophisticated mathematical-statistical models of risk. Research limitations/implications – However, the relation between anticipated risks and insurance purchase behaviour has not received sufficient attention. In the present study, starting from the premise that societies may be studied by examining their fears, the authors posit that these fears are represented in the insurance premiums people buy for being protected. Originality/value – Insurance purchase behaviour at any particular point in time is a measure of what a society considers to be risky at that time and is a key source of information for tourism managers.
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Sellevold, Kirsti. "Reading Short Forms Cognitively: Mindreading and Procedural Expressions in La Rochefoucauld and La Bruyère." Paragraph 37, no. 1 (March 2014): 96–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/para.2014.0112.
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Drawing primarily on Relevance Theory, this essay explores mindreading strategies in the works of La Rochefoucauld and La Bruyère. The first part shows how La Bruyère exploits such strategies in bridging the gap between author and reader and in building his character portraits through observation of bodily behaviour. It also shows how he stages mindreading between characters. The second part analyses the procedural expressions ‘souvent’ and ‘ne que’ as linguistic clues to mental processes, more specifically as a device for bypassing readers' epistemic vigilance mechanisms. Rather than providing evidence for exceptions to the ruling principle of self-interest (as is commonly argued), such expressions block readers' attempts to draw such conclusions, thereby rendering their cognitive environment more uncertain. Endemic in La Rochefoucauld's Maximes, they prepare the ground for and help to construct the pessimistic world-view and wit that characterize the work as a whole.
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Hassaskhah, Jaleh, and Seyedeh Mona Gaskari. "Construct Validation of an Online Reading Strategy Inventory for Use in Iran." International Journal of Virtual and Personal Learning Environments 5, no. 4 (October 2014): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijvple.2014100104.
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Significant departure from reliance upon print texts is requiring teachers and researchers to redefine online reading processes for diverse contexts, and participants. To bring the significant role of the participants into the reading research limelight, the present study explores the processes involved in the online reading strategy use of Iranian EFL college readers. 270 participants responded to a 46-item instrument (a=0.85) called Online Reading Strategy Inventory (ORSI). The exploratory factor analysis of the responses indicated three major types of online reading strategies: 1) General Reading Strategy, 2) Online Specific Reading Strategy, and 3) Metacognitive Strategy, which implies that that the participants' online reading behavior is not identical to their offline reading practice. The factorial validity of the instrument, along with evidence for a significant relationship between students' responses on the instrument, and their online reading comprehension process suggests further considerations for providing the due digital literacy assistance.
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Rogalla, F., M. Badard, F. Hansen, and P. Dansholm. "Upscaling a Compact Nitrogen Removal Process." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 5-6 (September 1, 1992): 1067–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0548.
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The new European Guideline on municipal wastewater discharges will require nitrogen removal in all sensitive areas below 15 mg TN/l. To achieve this limit within reasonable time and budget, infrastructure cost has to be minimised. To construct new sewage treatment plants close to urban neighborhoods or to upgrade existing facilites within current plant boundaries, high-rate reactors for nitrogen were investigated. The retained option was an upflow aerated filter on a floating granular media. The lightweight media facilitates backwashing, and an anoxic zone at the filter bottom achieves denitrification. After extensive pilot tests to quantify the performance of the reactor, a demonstration plant of one full-scale filter cell was constructed and operated for two years to verify technological as well as process options. The dynamic behaviour of the reactor could be assessed by continuous reading of ammonia and carbon pollution. This paper describes the results obtained and the observed system limits. The reactor was fed with primary settled wastewater containing about 450 mg COD/l and 65 mg TKN/l. Filtration velocity was varied between 1 and 2 m/h, and 100 to 300 % of the feed flow was recirculated. The removal rates at different temperatures were measured, under an applied load of 5 kg COD/m3 d, nitrification and denitrification capacities in the respective zones were around 1 kg N/m3 d at 15 °C. Up to 50 mg TN/l could be removed and the required effluent quality of the EC guideline could thus be achieved with an empty bed contact time of 2 hours. An additional on-site pilot test showed that within this same detention time, total nitrogen residuals down to 5 mg/l could be achieved at 10 °C.
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Fuchs, Douglas, Donald L. Compton, Lynn S. Fuchs, Bobette Bouton, and Erin Caffrey. "The Construct and Predictive Validity of a Dynamic Assessment of Young Children Learning to Read: Implications for RTI Frameworks." Journal of Learning Disabilities 44, no. 4 (June 17, 2011): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022219411407864.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the construct and predictive validity of a dynamic assessment (DA) of decoding learning. Students ( N = 318) were assessed in the fall of first grade on an array of instruments that were given in hopes of forecasting responsiveness to reading instruction. These instruments included DA as well as one-point-in-time (static) measures of early alphabetic knowledge, rapid automatized naming (RAN), phonemic awareness, oral vocabulary, listening comprehension, attentive behavior, and hyperactive or impulsive behavior. An IQ test was administered in spring of second grade. Measures of reading outcomes administered in spring of first grade were accuracy and fluency of word identification skills and reading comprehension. Factor analysis using principal axis factor extraction indicated that DA loaded on a first factor that also included language abilities and IQ, which the authors refer to as the “language, IQ, and DA” factor. It was relatively distinct from two additional factors: (a) “speeded alphabetic knowledge and RAN” and (b) “task-oriented behavior.” A three-level (children nested within classroom; classrooms nested within school) random intercept model with fixed effects predictors suggested that DA differed from word attack in predicting future reading skill and that DA was a significant predictor of responsiveness to instruction, contributing unique variance to end-of-first-grade word identification and reading comprehension beyond that explained by other well-established predictors of reading development.
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Kettler, Ryan J., Stephen N. Elliott, Peter A. Beddow, Elizabeth Compton, Dawn McGrath, Kristopher J. Kaase, Charles Bruen, Lisa Ford, and Kent Hinton. "What Do Alternate Assessments of Alternate Academic Achievement Standards Measure? A Multitrait—Multimethod Analysis." Exceptional Children 76, no. 4 (July 2010): 457–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440291007600405.
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This study featured validity evidence for scores from states' alternate assessments of alternate academic achievement standards (AA-AASs). It evaluated students from 6 states who were eligible for an AA-AAS concurrently with measures of academic competence and adaptive behavior. The investigators also assessed students with disabilities who were not eligible for an AA-AAS by using the same measures, as well as by using general achievement tests. The main findings included that AA-AAS reading and math scores may reflect a unitary construct, that AA-AAS scores are highly related to adaptive behavior but also relate to academic competence and achievement, and that all these scores represent unique but overlapping constructs. These results have implications for AA-AAS developers and teachers working with students with significant cognitive disabilities.
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Mahalakshmi.V, Shobha.T, and Banashri. "Socio-Cultural Psychology in Reading Behavior of Employees and Determining Organization Culture." ISPEC International Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities 4, no. 5 (December 31, 2020): 511–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/ispecijsshvol4iss5pp511-534.
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In the present diverse Organization culture, every Management need to determine motivational factors, policies, events and provide culture-based targets to lead the organization to achieve goals. In this journey every organization should understand the behavioral factors of their workforce. Psychology, on the other hand is a study of mind and behavior of human beings. This study considers important elements of psychology to study behavior of human at a said time to identify factors which motivates employees at workplace and improve efficiency. Understanding employee’s behavior also poses useful to set acceptable policies and work culture to the employees. This study also includes how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures, how it affects human behavior and thinking. A Likert scale is constructed based on important elements of psychology, the scores are analyzed to examine which point gets high score, further descriptive statistics was calculated to examine its variability and Reliability test on the construct was conducted to check whether the construct is reliable to the study are not.
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Ahn, Hyunah. "From Interlanguage grammar to target grammar in L2 processing of definiteness as uniqueness." Second Language Research 37, no. 1 (August 14, 2019): 91–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658319868003.
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This study investigated the processing of English articles by second language (L2) speakers whose first language (L1) is Korean. Previous studies in L2 English article use had some issues unresolved such as using offline tasks, conflating definiteness with real-world knowledge, and operationalizing definiteness and relevant constructs in ways that participants can be primed or get metalinguistic cues. To revisit such issues, the construct ‘definiteness’ was operationalized as unique identifiability, a self-paced reading task was used to collect data, and regression models were employed to analyse logarithm residuals of raw reading time data, which can detect subtle differences that are otherwise buried. The results show that L1 speakers show sensitivity to the use of definite and indefinite articles in response to given contexts and that both advanced and intermediate L2 speakers first resort to their non-target-like Interlanguage grammar, but the advanced group later revises their initial interpretation and eventually shows the effect of target grammar. The L2 behavior is discussed in terms of its theoretical implications.
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Son, Seung-Hee Claire, Alison E. Baroody, and Margaret Osgood Opatz. "Measuring preschool children's engagement behaviors during classroom shared reading: Construct and concurrent validity of the shared reading engagement rating scale." Early Childhood Research Quarterly 64 (2023): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2023.02.001.
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Quoquab, Farzana, Jihad Mohammad, and Nurain Nisa Sukari. "A multiple-item scale for measuring “sustainable consumption behaviour” construct." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 31, no. 4 (September 9, 2019): 791–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-02-2018-0047.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a reliable and valid scale with desirable psychometric properties and sufficient level of reliability and validity to measure sustainable consumption from consumer perspective. Design/methodology/approach In achieving this objective: the domain of the construct is specified; items are generated through qualitative interviews; the initial scale is purified, and finally it is validated. A survey yielded 1,002 complete, usable questionnaires in order to run the analysis. Data were splitted in half. First half was utilised for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and the second half of the data were utilised to run confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The initial pool of item was tested using EFA via SPSS version 23. The CFA was conducted using SmartPLS-3.2.7 to confirm the dimensionality of sustainable consumption behaviour (SCB) scale. Findings The EFA result revealed that SCB is a three-dimensional construct which is consisted of 24 items. The scale includes: quality of life; care for environmental well-being; and care for the future generation. The CFA confirmed the dimensionality, reliability and validity of the SCB scale. Research limitations/implications This sustainable consumption scale can be used to determine individual’s level of responsibility towards living a quality life, environment welfare, as well as responsibility towards sustainability of the future generation. It is expected that this initiative will stimulate further research on regional, cultural and demographic differences in understanding sustainable development. Practical implications Marketing practitioners may benefit from this scale by understanding the SCB of the socially and environmentally conscious consumers. It may eventually assist them to shape their strategies to meet the increasing demands of environmentalists. Originality/value The notion of sustainable consumption received significant research attention in present decade. It is regarded as one of the major catalysts of the sustainable development. However, in most cases sustainable consumption phenomenon is discussed from greater economic perspective and not much effort has been paid to consider it from consumer’s perspective. Furthermore, there is a lack of readily available scale to measure this construct in the existing literature.
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Chou, Pak Hei Benedito, and Andrew V. Wister. "From Cues to Action: Information Seeking and Exercise Self-Care among Older Adults Managing Chronic Illness." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 24, no. 4 (2005): 395–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cja.2006.0005.
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ABSTRACTDrawing from the health belief model, cues to action have been theorized to influence health behaviours; however, few studies have examined these constructs explicitly. This study investigated the relationship between information cues to action and exercise self-care. It was hypothesized that reading about illness information, knowing about services, and consulting with others about one's illness triggers exercise self-care. The sample consisted of 879 chronically ill adults aged 50 and over, drawn from the Vancouver North Shore Self-Care Study. It was found that the odds of exercising almost doubled for readers of information about illness (compared to non-readers), after controlling for socio-demographic factors, illness context, and illness efficacy. Furthermore, knowledge of services and consultations were shown to increase the odds of exercise self-care. These findings provide support for the salience of cues to action as a pivotal theoretical construct. The implications of these findings for health promotion programs targeting persons with chronic illnesses are discussed.
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Lee, Soobum. "A Cross-National Study of Newspaper Reading Patterns in the United States and Korea: An Analysis Based on the Uses and Gratifications Construct." International Area Review 1, no. 2 (June 1998): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/223386599800100208.
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This study examines the ability of the uses and gratifications construct to explain the motivations (gratifications sought) and the satisfactions (gratifications obtained) of college students' newspaper reading. This study also explores similarities and differences between U.S. and Korean college students' newspaper-reading behavior. One major finding is that Korean students spend more time reading newspapers than do Americans. The findings of this study support the existence of at least three distinct dimensions of gratifications sought in the Korean sample: interaction utility, information seeking, and diversion factor. In the U.S. sample, on the other hand, there were four distinct dimensions of gratifications sought: information-seeking, interaction utility, decisional utility, and diversion. This study concludes that the gratifications sought factors of the two countries are highly similar although not completely identical.
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Batini, Federico, Valerio Luperini, Eleonora Cei, Diego Izzo, and Giulia Toti. "The Association Between Reading and Emotional Development: A Systematic Review." Journal of Education and Training Studies 9, no. 1 (December 6, 2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v9i1.5053.
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Reading practice is associated with numerous psychological benefits. However, its influence over individual emotional dimensions has generally been underestimated by research. Only recently has it been recognized across different developmental stages but evidence is still scarce. The aim of this systematic review is to shed light over the association between reading and the several (and sometimes hardly distinguishable) socio-emotional constructs that we have identified in literature: interpersonal skills and prosocial behavior; emotional and behavioral symptoms; emotional regulation and expression; empathy and theory of mind; emotional knowledge and comprehension; and emotional responses. A total of 50 studies were analyzed, including all age groups, various settings, research drawings, and different emotional constructs in order to create a comprehensive view of the association between reading and emotions. Results show that overall reading practice has a positive impact on socio-emotional development, whatever its declination, regardless of age, gender or setting of implementation.
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Dawkins, Paul Christian, and Dov Zazkis. "Using Moment-by-Moment Reading Protocols to Understand Students’ Processes of Reading Mathematical Proof." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 52, no. 5 (November 2021): 510–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc-2020-0151.
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This article documents differences between novice and experienced undergraduate students’ processes of reading mathematical proofs as revealed by moment-by-moment, think-aloud protocols. We found three key reading behaviors that describe how novices’ reading differed from that of their experienced peers: alternative task models, accrual of premises, and warranting. Alternative task models refer to the types of goals that students set up for their reading of the text, which may differ from identifying and justifying inferences. Accrual of premises refers to the way novice readers did not distinguish propositions in the theorem statement as assumptions or conclusions and thus did not use them differently for interpreting the proof. Finally, we observed variation in the type and quality of warrants, which we categorized as illustrate with examples, construct a miniproof, or state the warrant in general form.
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Decrulle, Antoine L., Antoine Frénoy, Thomas A. Meiller-Legrand, Aude Bernheim, Chantal Lotton, Arnaud Gutierrez, and Ariel B. Lindner. "Engineering gene overlaps to sustain genetic constructs in vivo." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 10 (October 8, 2021): e1009475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009475.
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Evolution is often an obstacle to the engineering of stable biological systems due to the selection of mutations inactivating costly gene circuits. Gene overlaps induce important constraints on sequences and their evolution. We show that these constraints can be harnessed to increase the stability of costly genes by purging loss-of-function mutations. We combine computational and synthetic biology approaches to rationally design an overlapping reading frame expressing an essential gene within an existing gene to protect. Our algorithm succeeded in creating overlapping reading frames in 80% of E. coli genes. Experimentally, scoring mutations in both genes of such overlapping construct, we found that a significant fraction of mutations impacting the gene to protect have a deleterious effect on the essential gene. Such an overlap thus protects a costly gene from removal by natural selection by associating the benefit of this removal with a larger or even lethal cost. In our synthetic constructs, the overlap converts many of the possible mutants into evolutionary dead-ends, reducing the evolutionary potential of the system and thus increasing its stability over time.
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Hare, Dougal Julian, Marianne Durand, Steve Hendy, and Anja Wittkowski. "Thinking About Challenging Behavior: A Repertory Grid Study of Inpatient Staff Beliefs." Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 50, no. 6 (December 1, 2012): 468–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-50.06.468.
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Abstract Studies examining staff attitudes toward people with intellectual disability have traditionally used pre-determined categories and models or been open to researcher bias. The use of methods derived from personal construct psychology permits an objective investigation of staff views and attitudes without such limitations. Fourteen staff from an inpatient intellectual disability service were interviewed about their perceptions of clients with challenging behavior primarily using the repertory grid technique as developed from personal construct theory. Staff was found to construe their clients and their behaviors in a heterogeneous manner that was not readily reducible to a group average, and they did not make or use attributions about them in a consistent manner. Future research should incorporate work culture and the staff–client relationship. The results have implications for clinical decision making, team working, and clinical supervision.
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Rodriguez, Nathian Shae. "Hip-Hop’s Authentic Masculinity: A Quare Reading of Fox’s Empire." Television & New Media 19, no. 3 (April 24, 2017): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527476417704704.
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Black masculinity in the hip-hop culture often promotes instances of homophobia, effeminophobia, and misogyny. To reify an “authentic” black masculinity, individuals within the hip-hop genre police its boundaries through discourse and behavior. This policing is evident in popular media content like songs, music videos, interviews, television shows, and film. These media depictions can, over time, cultivate the attitudes and opinions of the viewing public about homosexuals and their place within black culture, specifically in hip-hop. Through a quare lens, the study investigates how Fox’s television show Empire helps construct and maintain stereotypical representations of black gay men against the milieu of hip-hop. Empire reifies queer stereotypes and highlights conventions of black masculinity and hip-hop authenticity.
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CHING, BOBY HO-HONG, CONNIE SUK-HAN HO, DAVID W. CHAN, KEVIN K. H. CHUNG, and LAP-YAN LO. "Behavioral characteristics of Chinese adolescents with dyslexia: The use of teachers’ behavior checklist in Hong Kong." Applied Psycholinguistics 35, no. 6 (February 28, 2013): 1235–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716413000179.
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ABSTRACTWe developed the Hong Kong Specific Learning Difficulties Behavior Checklist for Junior Secondary School Students (BCL-JS) for teachers to rate the frequency of 52 reading-related behavioral characteristics of Chinese secondary school students. An item factor analysis based on ratings on 947 students yielded seven distinct dimensions. In a separate sample of 90 students, the seven constructs of the BCL-JS significantly correlated with students’ performances on most literacy and reading-related cognitive measures, and differentiated adolescents with or without dyslexia. Discriminant analysis showed that the BCL-JS had a high rate of correct classification (82.2%). These findings support that the BCL-JS is a reliable screening tool for Chinese junior secondary school students at risk for dyslexia.
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Glass, Myrene R., J. Richard Franks, and Robert E. Potter. "A Comparison of Two Tests of Auditory Selective Attention." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 17, no. 4 (October 1986): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.1704.300.
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A weak but significant correlation was found between the two tests of auditory selective attention, the FATSA and GFW-A, which suggests that although each test purports to measure auditory selective attention, (ASA), they do not appear to evaluate entirely the same constructs. Comparison of test scores with auditory profile scores derived from teacher judgments of auditory behavior were not statistically significant. Also, the formalized tests did not consistently identify children classified as having weak auditory profiles. Although low, significant correlations were shown between each test and reading level; no correlation was shown between the auditory profile scores and reading level. Implications are discussed.
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Punt, André E., David C. Smith, Kyne KrusicGolub, and Simon Robertson. "Quantifying age-reading error for use in fisheries stock assessments, with application to species in Australia’s southern and eastern scalefish and shark fishery." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65, no. 9 (September 2008): 1991–2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f08-111.
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Age-reading error occurs when estimates of age based on reading hard structures differ from the true age of the animal concerned. This error needs to be accounted for when conducting stock assessments. Common methods for quantifying age-reading error include the average percent error, the coefficient of variation, age bias plots, and age difference tables, but these techniques cannot be used to construct age-reading error matrices. A method for constructing age-reading error matrices that accounts for both ageing bias and ageing imprecision is outlined. Simulation evaluation of this method suggests that it is able to estimate both ageing bias (assuming that one reader is unbiased) and ageing imprecision for relatively large sample sizes and for the ages that constitute the bulk of the ages in the sample. However, the performance of the method is poor when sample sizes are small, age-reading error is correlated among readers, when both readers are biased, and for ages that are poorly represented in the sample. The method is applied for illustrative purposes to data on multiple-aged fish in Australia’s southern and eastern scalefish and shark fishery.
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Zuilkowski, Stephanie Simmons, Dana Charles McCoy, Christine Jonason, and Amy Jo Dowd. "Relationships Among Home Literacy Behaviors, Materials, Socioeconomic Status, and Early Literacy Outcomes Across 14 Low- and Middle-Income Countries." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 50, no. 4 (March 21, 2019): 539–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022119837363.
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Most research on reading acquisition is conducted in high-income countries, and the majority of the limited research from middle- and low-income countries focuses exclusively on school settings. We therefore know little about how home literacy environments (HLEs) relate to early reading skill acquisition in low-resource settings. This study uses baseline data from 18 Save the Children (SC) project sites across 14 countries in Central America, Asia, and Africa to address several questions. First, we examine the structure of HLE in the data set, with a particular focus on its relationship to socioeconomic status (SES). Second, we extend our measurement model to examine the relationship between HLE and early literacy skills across the sample of more than 14,000 first- and second-grade boys and girls (mean age: 8.4 years) from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. We conclude that SES, home reading behaviors, and home reading materials are separate, though related constructs, and that materials in the home are a moderately strong predictor of early reading in these contexts. Our findings indicate that studies investigating literacy environments in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) should clearly and distinctly conceptualize SES, literacy behaviors, and literacy materials. In addition, the robustness of the relationships between the presence of reading materials in the home and children’s early literacy skills suggests that increasing access to these materials may enhance skill development in low-resource contexts.
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Williams, Clay K., Donald Wynn, Ramana Madupalli, Elena Karahanna, and Barbara K. Duncan. "Explaining Users' Security Behaviors with the Security Belief Model." Journal of Organizational and End User Computing 26, no. 3 (July 2014): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/joeuc.2014070102.
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Information security is often viewed as a technological matter. However, security professionals will readily admit that without safe practices by users, no amount or type of technology will be effective at preventing unauthorized intrusions. By paralleling the practices of information security and health prevention, a rationale for employing constructs from existing models of health behavior is established. A comprehensive and parsimonious model (the Security Belief Model) is developed to explain information security behavior intentions. The model is tested empirically based on a sample of 237 Indian professionals. The results of the empirical study indicate general support for the model, particularly including severity, susceptibility, benefits, and a cue to action as antecedents to the intention to perform preventive information security behaviors. The paper also discusses implications of the model and results for practitioners and possibilities for future research are included.
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Zhang, Jie, Qiang Wang, and Yan Shi. "Research on E-Book Application Interface Based on Mental Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 731 (January 2015): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.731.242.
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Mental model is the key to meet user’s needs, improve effectiveness and reduce critical errors of the interaction in the e-book application interface development. Constructing app function rules based on mental model is a research focus in menu interface design of e-book application. In this paper, college students were selected as target user group with comparison between light users and heavy users. By interviews and observations on users’ behavior of reading e-book and paper book, thus a scheme of function definition of e-book app based on users’ goal and behavior needs was formed, which can be applied to construct interface layout based on college students’ mental models, thus be propitious to enhancing user experience.
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Zhang, Min, Mingxing Zhu, Xiaotong Liu, and Jun Yang. "Why should I pay for e-books?" Electronic Library 35, no. 3 (June 5, 2017): 472–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-09-2015-0165.
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Purpose Because mobile phones offer a new, affordable and easy-to-use portal to reading material, mobile reading is emerging as the most ultra-modern reading approach. From the perspective of mobile reading service providers, knowledge of customer purchase, and consumption behaviour is critical for their survival and success. This paper aims to provide insights into the factors that influence the purchase e-books. Design/methodology/approach Following means-end chain theory, the prospect theory and elaboration likelihood model, a structural equation model is proposed to investigate and identify key factors that drive the purchase intention of experienced mobile readers. In the theoretical model, utilitarian value (UV) and hedonic value (HV) are supposed as formative second-order constructs formed by related payoff. Findings Both UV and HV are positively associated with readers’ purchase intention. However, there are no big differences between these two path coefficients. People seem to perceive relatively low payment risk although perceived risk could still negatively affect purchase intention. As a predictor of purchase intention, UV is less important when risk perception increases or when involvement (IV) decreases. Furthermore, this study illustrates that uniqueness and convenience (CV) are significant components of UV, whereas curiosity and flow are components of HV. Practical implications Mobile reading providers should highlight the professional and specificity of app such as beautiful cover, page setup that similar to real books and so on. Readers should be allowed to post real-time reviews and communicate with others to improve their sense of satisfaction, participation and belonging. The payment process should be concise and simple through which readers can save their purchase time and effort. Mobile reading service providers should provide trustworthy payment approaches, especially third-party platform and guarantee the CV and safety of payment activity. Originality value By focusing on the impacts of relationships among UV, HV, perceived risk and IV to purchase intention, this paper not only provides a theoretical understanding of mobile reading purchase behaviour but also offers practical insights to reading material manufactures and app developers for promoting such a process.
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Liu, Wei, Heng Huang, Atif Saleem, and Zhongping Zhao. "The effects of university students’ fragmented reading on cognitive development in the new media age: evidence from Chinese higher education." PeerJ 10 (August 23, 2022): e13861. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13861.
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Introduction The impacts of fragmented reading have been felt on a huge scale during the new media age. An increasingly fast-paced society and a corresponding drop in theoretical reading have affected reading literacy and cognitive development across communities—and among university students in particular. This study sought to identify the components of fragmented reading and cognitive development and investigate the former’s effects on the latter among university students in the new media age. Methods Paper-based and electronic surveys were used to gather demographic and related-reading data from undergraduates at six Chinese universities in early 2021. After testing the data from 916 samples for reliability and validity, descriptive statistics were obtained and path analysis was undertaken using structural equation modeling. Results The students reported relatively high levels of fragmented reading, particularly in its temporal form. Significant associations were found between the constructs of fragmented reading and cognitive development. Specifically, the fragmentation of content, time, and attention in reading behavior had significant, positive effects on cognitive breadth. However, each of these components was somewhat negatively associated with cognitive depth. Conclusions The findings disclosed the dual effects of fragmented reading on the cognitive development of students, opening a new perspective on this debate. As fragmented reading in the new media age grows inexorably, the study highlights the need to utilize its positive effects on cognitive development by integrating and classifying fragmented information into the mental maps of learners.
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Palma, Theodore Sourav. "The Tempest: A Postmodern Reading." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 5, no. 12 (December 18, 2022): 1578–160. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2022.5.12.19.
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The works of William Shakespeare have a universal influence and are considered representatives of all times and all ages. Critics, scholars, academics, and students have been rereading, reexamining, retelling, and restaging his plays century after century. This dissertation proposes to examine The Tempest as a postmodern text. The postmodern elements: ant-formality, pastiche, intertextuality, paranoia, irony, playfulness, puns, wordplays, conspiracy theories, temporal distortion, and supernatural elements, create an atmosphere in The Tempest, which can be described as postmodern. Focusing on Ihab Hassan and Brian McHale's definition and characterization of postmodernism which have created an opportunity to have a postmodern approach to The Tempest, this paper illustrates how Shakespeare deconstructs the formal properties of the text and uses pastiche that projects a postmodern connotation of the play. The dissertation also explores the religious, mythological, geographical, and historical references of characters and their names, events, incidents, locations, and places that construct intertextuality and insert paranoia into the play. In identifying postmodernist elements— particularly the presence of a supernatural and dreamy world—this paper examines binaries: natural vs. supernatural and reality vs. dream, which are pivotal postmodern concepts. Based on Foucault's The Eye of Power, the study also discovers the Panoptical Gaze of Prospero, who has assigned Ariel—as surveillance to keep an eye on everybody and everything on the island. Finally, this paper aims to reread The Tempest—as a postmodern text.
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PARODI, GIOVANNI, CRISTOBAL JULIO, LAURA NADAL, ADRIANA CRUZ, and GINA BURDILES. "Stepping back to look ahead: neuter encapsulation and referent extension in counter-argumentative and causal relations in Spanish." Language and Cognition 11, no. 3 (August 6, 2019): 431–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2019.24.
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abstractIn discourse comprehension, if all goes well, people tend to create a rich and coherent mental representation of the events described in the text. To do so, referential and relational coherence must be established in order to construct a connected discourse. The objective of this follow-up eye-tracking study (N = 72) is to explore the existence of an interaction effect between two factors: (a) the extension of the referent (short and long antecedent), and (b) the semantic relation (counter-argumentativea pesar de, and causalpor), when processing the neuter pronounelloin texts written in Spanish. No previous study has systematically compared the on-line processing of texts in which different extensions of the encapsulated anaphoric antecedent by the neuter pronounello(‘this’ or ‘it’ in English) are presented in diverse marked semantic relations (causal and counter-argumentative). Based on three eye-tracking measures, we found distinctive patterns of reading behavior when anaphoric neuter reference and semantic relations must be processed conjointly in order to construct a coherent mental representation. The main findings show that reading longer and more complex antecedents encapsulated by the neutral pronounselloexerts more cognitive effort in late processing (Look Back measure), particularly when simultaneously and in the same discourse construction there is an explicitly marked counter-argumentative semantic relation. Implications for theories of referential and relational coherence are discussed.
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Pedrosa, Gabriel. "Quijano’s imminent death, governor Panza’s present death." Intexto, no. 47 (August 6, 2019): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.19132/1807-8583201947.121-138.
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From the definition that Sancho Panza gives of his government as "present death", when abandoning it after so much desiring and seeking it, this paper constructs the image of the present time as an arrest of any flow and, as the limit of this movement, as the death of writing. The post of governor, bound to a number of codes of conduct, has converted the object of his adventures into its closure, in which the paper sees the identity between function and terminus.Besides this, the episode of Alonso Quijano's testament is analyzed, especially the withdrawal of the Quixote that it implies, leaving to the lucid and well-behaved gentleman the role of dying, unsuitable for the delirious knight he had created. The hens of his testament allow us to see an echo of Socrates' preparation for his poisoning scene, which creates a contrast between with the finalism of our culture and the free behavior of Don Quixote.This, however, is not a specific theme of Cervantes’ book nor of his time. Thus, this paper seeks to construct another image of this present as dead time, from aspects specific to contemporary reality, but with the same detention of writing as the previous one.The ways with which the knight of la Mancha and his squire face the subject of death (present or imminent) are thought of as modes of inventive writing, which can’t be reduced to the division between functional and dysfunctional as a criterion of production or reading.
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Snaza, Nathan. "Ethologies of Education." Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 20, no. 3 (September 6, 2019): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532708619873881.
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This essay offers a “version” of Vinciane Despret’s “ethology of ethology” through close engagement with the concepts Despret constructs in What Would Animals Say if We Asked the Right Questions? Reading Despret with other thinkers associated with feminist science studies, the essay sketches Despret’s critique of reductive animal science, and her corresponding work—often collaborative—to find more open, risky ways of researching animal behavior, including the behavior of the human animals we call “scientists.” The distinction between control-driven work in laboratories and the more anecdotal observations she finds in some ethology and anthropology leads Despret to propose a certain ethics of asking questions and listening to answers that Snaza proposes could guide a different, more risky approach to educational research.
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Burns, Matthew K., and Vincent J. Dean. "Effect of Acquisition Rates on Off-Task Behavior with Children Identified as Having Learning Disabilities." Learning Disability Quarterly 28, no. 4 (November 2005): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4126966.
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Research has consistently demonstrated the importance of providing an appropriate level of challenge, called the instructional level, within curricular material. Although the instructional level is a generally well-defined and researched construct, much less data exist on the acquisition rate (AR) component of an appropriate level of challenge. The current study used curriculum-based assessment to assess the AR of five fourth-grade students diagnosed with a reading disability and taught each 20 words from the Esperanto International Language over two sessions (10 each session). Students were observed during instruction, and the number of demonstrated off-task behaviors was converted to a mean rate of off-task behaviors/minute. Comparison of pre- and post-AR data showed that each student demonstrated an increase in off-task behaviors while rehearsing the word that immediately exceeded his or her AR. Implications for practice and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Ketterlinus, Robert D., Fred L. Bookstein, Paul D. Sampson, and Michael E. Lamb. "Partial least squares analysis in developmental psychopathology." Development and Psychopathology 1, no. 4 (October 1989): 351–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400000523.
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AbstractDespite extensive theoretical and empirical advances in the last two decades, little attention has been paid to the development of statistical techniques suited for the analysis of data gathered in studies of developmental psychopathology. As in most other studies of developmental processes, research in this area often involves complex constructs, such as intelligence and antisocial behavior, measured indirectly using multiple observed indicators. Relations between pairs of such constructs are sometimes reported in terms of latent variables (LVs): linear combinations of the indicators of each construct. We introduce the assumptions and procedures associated with one method for exploring these relations: partial least squares (PLS) analysis, which maximizes covariances between predictor and outcome LVs; its coefficients are correlations between observed variables and LVs, and its LVs are sums of observable variables weighted by these correlations. In the least squares logic of PLS, familiar notions about simple regressions and principal component analyses may be reinterpreted as rules for including or excluding particular blocks in a model and for “splitting” blocks into multiple dimensions. Guidelines for conducting PLS analyses and interpreting their results are provided using data from the Goteborg Daycare Study and the Seattle Longitudinal Prospective Study on Alcohol and Pregnancy. The major advantages of PLS analysis are that it (1) concisely summarizes the intercorrelations among a large number of variables regardless of sample size, (2) yields coefficients that are readily interpretable, and (3) provides straightforward decision rules about modeling. The advantages make PLS a highly desirable technique for use in longitudinal research on developmental psychopathology. The primer is written primarily for the nonstatistician, although formal mathematical details are provided in Appendix 1.
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Garwood, Justin D. "Reader Self-Perceptions of Secondary Students With and At Risk for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders." Journal of Special Education 53, no. 4 (March 18, 2019): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022466919834338.
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Perception of one’s ability as a reader is a key construct for improving adolescent literacy outcomes, but this research has not yet been extended to students with disabilities. The current study attempted to address this research gap with a sample of 152 secondary students with and at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). Results include a description of these students’ reader self-perceptions, a comparison to a larger sample of students without EBD, and exploration of variables associated with self-perceptions of reading ability. Demographic variables (e.g., sex, race), degree of behavior problems, and physiological states were significant predictors of self-perceptions. Discussion focuses on how practitioners can assess students’ self-perceptions to guide their instruction and on future directions for research.
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Asnawi, Asnawi, Ida Zulaeha, Teguh Supriyanto, Hari Bakti Mardikantoro, Sri Wahyuni, and Fauzul Etfita. "Critical Reading of Tunjuk Ajar Melayu Texts Regarding Humanist Literacy as Conservation Teaching Materials Language Learning in the Millennial Era." Jurnal Kependidikan: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Kajian Kepustakaan di Bidang Pendidikan, Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran 8, no. 3 (September 20, 2022): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/jk.v8i3.5368.
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This study aims to describe the characteristics of teaching materials for critical reading of Tunjuk Ajar Melayu texts that link the humanist literacy desired by lecturers and students in Riau Province, Indonesia. This research is a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The research data are in the form of questionnaires and interviews from research respondents. The respondents of this study involved lecturers and students in Riau Province. Data validation is done by triangulation of sources and methods. Furthermore, data analysis was carried out reflectively with the help of TagCrowd and AntCont. Based on the study that has been carried out, it is found that the characteristics of critical reading teaching materials desired by students and lecturers in Riau Province include, (1) teaching materials must be oriented towards humanist literacy activities, (2) use the Tunjuk Ajar Melayu text, (3) be oriented towards an attitude approach. and behavior (psychodidactic), (4) has material that is in accordance with the characteristics of Malay culture, (5) has language that is in line with the context of Malay language and culture, and (6) presentation uses Malay icons which are arranged in detail and systematically. The implications of the results of this study can be to construct and conserve critical reading learning and critical reading teaching materials for the Tunjuk Ajar Melayu text to create student understanding in understanding and integrating humanist values in everyday life. Humanist awareness is important to be formed in facing the challenges of language learning in the millennial era.
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Bhagwanji, Yash, and Patty Born. "Use of Children’s Literature to Support an Emerging Curriculum Model of Education for Sustainable Development for Young Learners." Journal of Education for Sustainable Development 12, no. 2 (September 2018): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973408218785320.
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Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is an educational imperative that requires supporting young learners in developing awareness about–and exploring–concepts, topics and vocabulary of significant importance in environmental education. Chawla (2009, Journal of Developmental Processes, 4(1), pp. 6–23) identified two factors that predicted pro-environment behaviours: (a) direct experience in nature and (b) second-hand learning such as through books and stories. By using carefully selected children’s books that affirm and underscore children’s relationships with nature, classroom teachers and programme leaders can support inquiry-based learning in a recurring and interrelated fashion. Additionally, a wide range of constructs and content embedded within the realm of environmental education can be explored through carefully selected children’s reading materials.
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Ni’mah, Zetty Azizatun. "SELAWAT NABI IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCAL SUFIS AND REVIVALISTS IN INDONESIA." Didaktika Religia 8, no. 2 (December 10, 2020): 311–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30762/didaktika.v8i2.2703.
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This study aims to reveal the understanding of local Sufis and revivalists about Selawat Nabi. The two schools, if their ideological roots are traced, are different. But they both share the concept of Selawat Nabi which is believed to be the construct of understanding. This research is interesting, because local Sufis with theological revivalists (not sharia, which is ritual muamalah), still carry out the construct of thought. This is also a point of research significance. This research is a qualitative-descriptive literature review with a phenomenological approach. The result of this research is that local Sufis state that the Prophet's selawat is a medium to achieve wusul to Allah accompanied by appreciation through the concept of opening, it will be acceptable because it is closely related to the formation of adab so that it is kept away from behavior that can harm oneself and others. The figure of the Messenger of Allah is to make him live in the soul by verbally reproducing selawat. The routine of reading selawat is a connection between the readers of selawat and the Prophet which is actualized in the behavior of imitating the Prophet's morals. Revivalists adhere to selawat ma'surat whose pronunciation is following the guidance of the Prophet. Saying selawat is not the main thing in loving the Prophet, but the most important thing is to make the Prophet's figure to live in the soul and have the morals of the Prophet.
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Marcuzzi, Michael. "Dancing with the Divine(r): Batá Drumming, Ifá Divination, and Orisha Worship in Cuba." Canadian University Music Review 19, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1014448ar.
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This paper is an examination of similarities between batá drumming and Ifá divination among the Afrocuban socio-religious group, Lukumí. Primarily addressing the use of diametrically opposed social actions within each of these practices, the paper maintains that this juxtaposition of opposites is a constituent characteristic of divining modes—be they interpretive or mediumistic—in effecting suprahuman communication. The paper purports the necessity to examine batá drumming as a divination system; thus, it argues the need for an expanded construct of divination that can readily include musical behaviours such as possession induction.
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Khodaparast, Seyedeh Mitra, and Mohammad Hossein Keshmirshekan. "Task-induced Involvement Load, Vocabulary learning and Reading Comprehension Among Iranian Intermediate English as a Foreign Language Learners." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 4, no. 11 (November 29, 2021): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.11.23.
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The importance of vocabulary in a second language is so self-axiomatic that it renders learning and teaching a must. The present study aimed to explore whether the manipulation of the task components, as proposed by Laufer and Hulstijn, affected the acquisition of English vocabularies by EFL learners. The present study followed an experimental design in that it used pre-test and post-test to collect data from the participants. The current research included 50 EFL students from two private English language institutions in Yazd, Iran. The study included two distinct reading tasks that placed varying loads on participants. The two reading texts were controlled for their difficulty level: one with the high level of involvement load and the other with lack of involvement load, thus two experimental groups. There was a reading comprehension exam for those who participated in the first experimental group (with a high involvement load). Reading comprehension was assessed using the first Vocabulary Knowledge Scale (VKS1), which measures vocabulary knowledge. The second reading comprehension assignment was simultaneously presented to the second experimental group (the one with a low involvement load). After two weeks, they were administered VKS2, and their results were recorded. Analyzing the data was done by using independent t-tests. Exposure to high levels of involvement load has been shown to impact vocabulary development in English learners. This is despite respondents being able to recall more words from high-involvement vocabulary acquisitions than from low-involvement vocabulary acquisitions. Findings from this study may be used to construct practical tasks of reading with suitable degrees of difficulty for English language learners (EFL/ESL) teachers and vocabulary instructors.
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Gao, Can, Lei Jiang, and Zhichao Dong. "Effect of Wettability and Adhesion Property of Solid Margins on Water Drainage." Biomimetics 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8010060.
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Liquid flows at the solid surface and drains at the margin under gravity are ubiquitous in our daily lives. Previous research mainly focuses on the effect of substantial margin’s wettability on liquid pinning and has proved that hydrophobicity inhibits liquids from overflowing margins while hydrophilicity plays the opposite role. However, the effect of solid margins’ adhesion properties and their synergy with wettability on the overflowing behavior of water and resultant drainage behaviors are rarely studied, especially for large-volume water accumulation on the solid surface. Here, we report the solid surfaces with high-adhesion hydrophilic margin and hydrophobic margin stably pin the air-water-solid triple contact lines at the solid bottom and solid margin, respectively, and then drain water faster through stable water channels termed water channel-based drainage over a wide range of water flow rates. The hydrophilic margin promotes the overflowing of water from top to bottom. It constructs a stable “top + margin + bottom” water channel, and a high-adhesion hydrophobic margin inhibits the overflowing from margin to bottom and constructs a stable “top + margin” water channel. The constructed water channels essentially decrease marginal capillary resistances, guide top water onto the bottom or margin, and assist in draining water faster, under which gravity readily overcomes the surface tension resistance. Consequently, the water channel-based drainage mode achieves 5–8 times faster drainage behavior than the no-water channel drainage mode. The theoretical force analysis also predicts the experimental drainage volumes for different drainage modes. Overall, this article reveals marginal adhesion and wettability-dependent drainage modes and provides motivations for drainage plane design and relevant dynamic liquid-solid interaction for various applications.
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Lwin, May Oo, Shelly Malik, and Jerrald Lau. "Association between food availability and young people’s fruits and vegetables consumption: understanding the mediation role of the theory of planned behaviour." Public Health Nutrition 23, no. 12 (May 26, 2020): 2155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019005263.
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AbstractObjective:To evaluate the relationship between fruits and vegetables (F&V) availability at home and young people’s F&V consumption behaviour, and how the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) constructs could potentially mediate the relationship.Design:Cross-sectional face-to-face survey questionnaire to assess the TPB constructs and home food availability assessed using open inventories method. F&V availability was categorised into low and high levels based on median split.Setting:Singapore.Participants:Two hundred and ten households (each consisting one parent–child pair) recruited via stratified cluster sampling with child participants ranging from 9 to 16 years of age.Results:Mediation analyses were conducted using structural equation modelling. The relationship between home F&V availability and F&V consumption behaviour did not have a significant direct association, but there were significant indirect effects through the routes of perceived behavioural control (PBC) and intention as well as attitude and intention. Specifically, higher level of F&V availability at home was related to more positive PBC and attitude towards F&V, and subsequently greater intention to consume F&V and higher consumption of F&V.Conclusions:Parents should make F&V more readily available at home as increased exposure to F&V could be related to enhanced liking, sense of control and intention to consume F&V and facilitate children’s healthy diet.
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Hsueh, Nien-Lin, Bilegjargal Daramsenge, and Lien-Chi Lai. "Exploring the Influence of Students’ Modes of Behavioral Engagement in an Online Programming Course Using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling Approach." Journal of Information Technology Education: Research 21 (2022): 403–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/5010.
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Aim/Purpose: The goal of this study was twofold: first, to examine how learners’ behavioral engagement types affect their final grades in an online programming course; and second, to explore which factors most strongly affect student performance in an online programming course and their connection to the types of cognitive engagement. Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic situation, information technology educational methods and teaching have been transforming rapidly into online or blended. In this situation, students learn course content through digital learning management systems (LMSs), and the behavioral data derived from students’ interactions with these digital systems is important for instructors and researchers. However, LMSs have some limitations. For computer science students, the traditional learning management system is not enough because the coding behavior cannot be analyzed. Through the OpenEdu platform, we collected log data from 217 undergraduates enrolled in a Python programming course offered by Feng Chia University in Taiwan in the spring semester of 2021. Methodology: We applied the evaluation framework of learning behavioral engagement conducted on a massive open online course (MOOC) platform and integrated it with the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach. PLS-SEM is widely used in academic research and is appropriate for causal models and small sample sizes. Therefore, this kind of analysis is consistent with the purpose of our study. Contribution: In today’s fast-paced world of information technology, online learning is becoming an important form of learning around the world. Especially in computer science, programming courses teach many skills, such as problem-solving, teamwork, and creative thinking. Our study contributes to the understanding of how behavioral engagements in distance programming learning affect student achievement directly and through cognitive engagement. The results can serve as a reference for practitioners of distance programming education. Findings: Our results demonstrate that: (1) online time and video-watching constructs had significant effects on the self-assessment construct, self-assessment and video-watching constructs had significant effects on the final grade construct, and online document reading was not a significant factor in both self-assessments and final grades; (2) video watching had a most significant effect than other behavioral constructs in an online programming course; (3) cognitive engagement types are inextricably linked to the development of a behavioral engagement framework for online programming learning. The mediation analysis and the importance-performance map analysis supported the importance of cognitive engagement. Recommendations for Practitioners: (1) Online education platform developers and university policymakers should pay close attention to the development of self-assessment systems and design such systems based on students’ cognitive skills. (2) Instructors are advised to put substantial effort into the creation of videos for each course session and to actively promote students’ interest in the course material. Recommendation for Researchers: The empirical results reported in this study allow a better understanding of the connection between behavioral engagement and final achievement. However, there are still great challenges in trying to explore more kinds of engagement, like emotional or social engagement. It would be interesting to deepen the results obtained by integrating programming behavior like debugging and testing. Impact on Society: Online programming courses allow students to improve their coding skills and computer science background. Students’ behavioral engagement strongly affects their academic achievement, their ability to complete a course successfully, and the quality of the learning process. Our work can encourage more people who are different majors in society to learn coding in an online environment even not only computer science students. Moreover, the findings of this study can be recommendations for understanding students’ learning behavior and the development of distance programming learning. Future Research: We suggest for future studies: (1) include a wider range of participants, such as students enrolled in MOOCs environments; (2) include more log data items that can express various students’ behavior, depending on the reliability and validity of the research model; and (3) conduct more detailed studies of the effects of emotional engagement as well as additional aspects of students’ social engagement to elucidate the factors affecting students’ behavioral participation and performance more thoroughly.
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Wehlau, Ruth. "Literal and Symbolic: the Language of Asceticism in Two Lives of St Radegund." Florilegium 19, no. 1 (January 2002): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/flor.19.004.
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Ascesis as practised within the early church combined a variety of qualities and functions: combat with the devil, suffering and mortification of the flesh, separation from the world, and preparation for death. It was also a means by which those saints who were not martyrs demonstrated heroic action; through asceticism saints created and maintained power. Hagiographers, in turn, described the ascetic actions of saints in order to construct a sense of the saint's body as a holy place, a locus of power. And yet, ascetic behaviour is not transparent of interpretation; hagiographers represented ascetic practices, and thus sainthood itself, differently. These differences are readily apparent in the two major lives of St Radegund.
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Dickens, Geoff, Judy Weleminsky, Yetunde Onifade, and Philip Sugarman. "Recovery Star: validating user recovery." Psychiatrist 36, no. 2 (February 2012): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.111.034264.
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Aims and methodMental Health Recovery Star is a multifaceted 10-item outcomes measure and key-working tool that has been widely adopted by service providers in the UK. We aimed to explore its factorial validity, internal consistency and responsiveness. Recovery Star readings were conducted twice with 203 working-age adults with moderate to severe mental health problems attending a range of mental health services, and a third time with 113 of these individuals.ResultsMental Health Recovery Star had high internal consistency and appeared to measure an underlying recovery-oriented construct. Results supported a valid two-factor structure which explained 48% of variance in Recovery Star ratings data. Two Recovery Star items (‘relationships’ and ‘addictive behaviour’) did not load onto either factor. There was good statistically significant item responsiveness, and no obvious item redundancy. Data for a small number of variables were not normally distributed and the implications of this are discussed.Clinical implicationsRecovery Star has been received enthusiastically by both mental health service providers and service users. This study provides further evidence for its adoption in recovery-focused mental health services and indicates that items relating to addictive behaviour, responsibilities and work could be further developed in future.
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Griffin, Meridith, and Cassandra Phoenix. "Learning to Run From Narrative Foreclosure: One Woman’s Story of Aging and Physical Activity." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 22, no. 3 (July 2014): 393–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2012-0300.
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In this article, the authors construct a story of one woman’s (Justine’s) experience of learning to run within the context of a beginners group. Building on existing scholarship on narrative, aging, and physical activity, this work is part of a larger ethnographic project examining subjective accounts of the physically active aging body across the life course. Concerned with often simplistically linear problems of representation, the authors present a messy text that represents the complex and fluid nature of Justine’s embodied tale. The aim is to show the intersection of biographical (storied) identity with health behavior choices and to interrogate the process of challenging narrative foreclosure. By using the emerging genre of messy text as a creative analytic practice, the authors avoid prompting a single, closed, convergent reading of Justine’s story. Instead, they provoke interpretation within the reader as witness and expand the ways in which research on aging and physical activity has been represented.
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Hirst, David, Geir Storvik, Hanne Rognebakke, Magne Aldrin, Sondre Aanes, and Jon Helge Vølstad. "A Bayesian modelling framework for the estimation of catch-at-age of commercially harvested fish species." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 69, no. 12 (December 2012): 2064–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2012-0075.
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A Bayesian hierarchical model was developed to estimate catch-at-age from commercial fishery data. Most common forms of data can be utilized: age and length, length-stratified ages, and length only. There is no need to construct an age–length key. Both landings and discards can be estimated, as can the effects of age reading errors. Estimates can be made for difficult to distinguish stocks, where stock identification is only possible in some fish, for example, by using otoliths and age determination. Uncertainty in stock identification can be included in this modelling approach which allows errors in the estimates to be fully captured in their posterior distributions. An important component of this model is the inclusion of random effects to account for positive correlation in both fish size and age within the sampling units.
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Garba, Deborah, Nneoma Iroaganachi, and Ishiyaku Bala. "Factors Determining Cooperative Societies’ Housing Finance Acceptance in Gombe, Nigeria." Path of Science 7, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 1007–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22178/pos.74-2.
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Housing finance in developing countries is not readily available, and access to which is increasingly becoming difficult. The government has not been able to tackle the problem of housing shortages, especially in cities, as caused by population growth and increased urbanisation rate. There is, therefore, the need for interest groups like cooperative societies to come in. The study aimed at assessing the factors determining cooperative societies’ housing finance acceptance in Gombe to identify the descriptive levels of variables, adopting the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Using stratified random sampling, close-ended structured questionnaires designed in 5-point Likert Scale were used to get a total of 283 valid questionnaires used for the analysis. The findings supported the fitness of the traditional variables of TPB in predicting willingness to accept the present (study’s) housing financing model. The levels of the research model’s constructs were very high performance based on their mean and standard deviation. Thus, all the constructs can fit into the research model. The study recommends a further analysis to determine the statistical relationship among the model’s constructs to validate the TPB in this domain.