Relevant bibliographies by topics / Reading behaviour construct

Academic literature on the topic 'Reading behaviour construct'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Reading behaviour construct"

Li, Wu, and Yuehua Wu. "Adolescents’ social reading: motivation, behaviour, and their relationship." Electronic Library 35, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 246–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-12-2015-0239.

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Purpose Using the case of social reading via WeChat in China, this paper aims to explore adolescents’ social reading motivation and behaviour. It also examines how the specific dimensions of reading motivation contribute to the different aspects of social reading behaviour. Design/methodology/approach This study used survey approach, which gathered 1,039 valid responses from a cluster sampling in 14 middle and high schools in Shanghai, China. Findings The results indicated that social reading motivation was a multidimensional construct, which included the dimensions of social interaction, self-development, peer recognition, information acquisition, personal interests and time killing. The research also found that different motivational dimensions exerted different influences on adolescents’ social reading activities. Specifically, the motivations of time killing and self-development are significant predictors of both the reading act and socializing act. However, information acquisition and personal interests were significant predictors only of the reading act, while social interaction and peer recognition significantly predicted the socializing act. Research limitations/implications The findings would be valuable for those who develop reading programs or administer adolescents’ reading practice. This study can help them understand the complexity of adolescents’ social reading motivation and distinguish between its different dimensions. Originality/value The study provides important insights into the nature of adolescents’ social reading motivation and how it relates to their social reading behaviour. It not only confirmed the multidimensionality of social reading motivation as a construct but also expanded the exploration of reading motivation and behaviour to the social media arena.

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ALTANLAR, Aslı, and Zeynep ÖZDEMİR. "READING BEHAVIORS AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE LIVING THROUGH ARCHITECTURE FACULTY STUDENTS." INTERNATIONAL REFEREED JOURNAL OF DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE, no. 27 (2022): 132–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17365/tmd.2022.turkey.27.06.

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Objective: It created a sustainable urban culture with common behaviour patterns in the relationship between humans and natural and artificial environments. Therefore, it is essential to raise awareness about social responsibilities to protect the ecosystem. The study focuses on understanding the factors that determine the awareness, environmentalist attitudes and behaviours of students at the faculty of architecture towards sustainable living. Method: "Exploratory Factor Analysis" was conducted to determine the construct validity of the scale of attitudes and behaviors towards sustainable living and to reveal its factor structure. Spearman-Brown correlation analysis was applied to determine the scale's relationship and sub-dimensions. Mann-Whitney Test and Kruskal-Wallis Test were conducted to determine whether there was a significant difference between the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants and the factors. Findings: It was determined that the components of the SAB scale are "environmental awareness", "environmental behaviors" and "technocentric attitude". There was a significant difference between the gender and their environmental awareness and behaviour scores, while there was no significant difference between their technocentric attitude score averages. Conclusion: It was determined that students' environmental awareness affects their environmental behaviors and sustainable living. It is crucial for creating sustainable urban development planning.

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Alshaibani, Elham, and Ali Bakir. "A reading in cross-cultural service encounter: Exploring the relationship between cultural intelligence, employee performance and service quality." Tourism and Hospitality Research 17, no. 3 (May 25, 2016): 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1467358416651474.

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A multi-disciplinary reading in cross-cultural service interactions in hospitality and service management literature was undertaken focusing on employee’s attitudes and behaviour that are seen to influence service quality. The interplay of the competing constructs of employee personality, emotional intelligence and cultural intelligence in the service encounter was looked at in relation to employee performance and customer perception of service quality. The reading suggests that cultural intelligence of service employees was the most relevant construct in the encounter. As there are no studies linking cultural intelligence to service quality, the dialogue with the literature allowed the development of a theoretical model of relationships which proposed that cultural intelligence is related to service quality through employee performance. This reading adds to the cross-cultural hospitality and service management literature and has potential implications for management and employee training and development in these fields.

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Manolitsis, George. "Ο αναδυόμενος γραμματισμός στην προσχολική εκπαίδευση: Νέα ζητήματα και εκπαιδευτικές προτάσεις." Preschool and Primary Education 4, no. 1 (May 30, 2016): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/ppej.9970.

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The present study aims to describe a theoretical perspective of emergent literacy, based on a detailed literature review of previous theoretical models, and on contemporary research findings on the structure of emergent literacy. A triangular model is suggested to explain the construct of emergent literacy. A prominent role is given to the continuous interaction of various contextual experiences with the components of emergent literacy. The construct of emergent literacy consists of three major components which are considered critical for literacy acquisition. These major components are the knowledge of literacy concepts, literacy skills and literacy behaviours. The knowledge components include concepts about print and letter knowledge; the literacy skills include oral language (vocabulary, listening comprehension, and narrative skills) and metalinguistic (phonological, syntactic and morphological awareness) skills; literacy behaviour includes emergent reading and emergent writing. According to this triangular model, the components of literacy knowledge and literacy skills are intercorrelated, while both components influence the emergence of literacy behaviours such as emergent reading and writing. However, beyond the direct links of each major component to each other, there are also indirect links among them through the effects of the experiences children get from the contexts they live in. These experiences originate from home and school contexts. Educational implications for optimal literacy acquisition from an early age are discussed based on the suggestions of this triangular model.

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Anuar, Nadia, Ahmad Mazli Muhammad, and Zainudin Awang. "An Exploratory Factor Analysis of Elicited Students’ Salient Beliefs Toward Critical Reading." International Journal of Modern Languages And Applied Linguistics 4, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ijmal.v4i4.11288.

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Critical reading was named a key aspiration in the Malaysian Education Blueprint (2015-2025) and is an essential skill students must acquire. However, an increased number of students was reported to demonstrate poor critical reading performance at the workplace. Thus, Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) was utilised to examine students’ beliefs critical reading which encompass behavioural belief (advantages and disadvantages of critical reading), normative belief (identification of people who approve participating in critical reading), and control belief (difficulties in critical reading). A three-stage research design was employed. The first stage, elicitation study, was conducted as this stage has received minimum scholarly attention in the TPB literature and to ensure a more comprehensive analysis. The beliefs were analysed qualitatively, which was proceeded by expert panel review. Subsequently, exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine the validity of the salient beliefs. Findings from the exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis revealed that beliefs that were elicited from students in this first stage are appropriate and possess sufficient reliability and construct validity. Hence, the results of this study not only contributed to the critical reading and Theory of Planned Behaviour’s literature but have also identified more relevant factors that influence students’ perception toward critical reading.

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Korstanje, Maximiliano Emanuel, and Babu P. George. "What does insurance purchase behaviour say about risks?" International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 6, no. 3 (September 14, 2015): 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-09-2012-0030.

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Purpose – This paper aims to explore the world of insurances as rites of adaptancy and resiliency before risk and disasters. The research on risks, both perceived and real, has become a frequent theme of academic research in the recent past. Design/methodology/approach – The information given by the superintendencia de Seguros de Buenos Aires involves 100 per cent of the insurances companies of Argentina. The reading of insurance demands corresponds with a new method in the studies of risks. Findings – Using advanced probability theory and quantitative techniques, risk management researchers have been able to construct sophisticated mathematical-statistical models of risk. Research limitations/implications – However, the relation between anticipated risks and insurance purchase behaviour has not received sufficient attention. In the present study, starting from the premise that societies may be studied by examining their fears, the authors posit that these fears are represented in the insurance premiums people buy for being protected. Originality/value – Insurance purchase behaviour at any particular point in time is a measure of what a society considers to be risky at that time and is a key source of information for tourism managers.

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Sellevold, Kirsti. "Reading Short Forms Cognitively: Mindreading and Procedural Expressions in La Rochefoucauld and La Bruyère." Paragraph 37, no. 1 (March 2014): 96–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/para.2014.0112.

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Drawing primarily on Relevance Theory, this essay explores mindreading strategies in the works of La Rochefoucauld and La Bruyère. The first part shows how La Bruyère exploits such strategies in bridging the gap between author and reader and in building his character portraits through observation of bodily behaviour. It also shows how he stages mindreading between characters. The second part analyses the procedural expressions ‘souvent’ and ‘ne que’ as linguistic clues to mental processes, more specifically as a device for bypassing readers' epistemic vigilance mechanisms. Rather than providing evidence for exceptions to the ruling principle of self-interest (as is commonly argued), such expressions block readers' attempts to draw such conclusions, thereby rendering their cognitive environment more uncertain. Endemic in La Rochefoucauld's Maximes, they prepare the ground for and help to construct the pessimistic world-view and wit that characterize the work as a whole.

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Hassaskhah, Jaleh, and Seyedeh Mona Gaskari. "Construct Validation of an Online Reading Strategy Inventory for Use in Iran." International Journal of Virtual and Personal Learning Environments 5, no. 4 (October 2014): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijvple.2014100104.

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Significant departure from reliance upon print texts is requiring teachers and researchers to redefine online reading processes for diverse contexts, and participants. To bring the significant role of the participants into the reading research limelight, the present study explores the processes involved in the online reading strategy use of Iranian EFL college readers. 270 participants responded to a 46-item instrument (a=0.85) called Online Reading Strategy Inventory (ORSI). The exploratory factor analysis of the responses indicated three major types of online reading strategies: 1) General Reading Strategy, 2) Online Specific Reading Strategy, and 3) Metacognitive Strategy, which implies that that the participants' online reading behavior is not identical to their offline reading practice. The factorial validity of the instrument, along with evidence for a significant relationship between students' responses on the instrument, and their online reading comprehension process suggests further considerations for providing the due digital literacy assistance.

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Rogalla, F., M. Badard, F. Hansen, and P. Dansholm. "Upscaling a Compact Nitrogen Removal Process." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 5-6 (September 1, 1992): 1067–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0548.

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The new European Guideline on municipal wastewater discharges will require nitrogen removal in all sensitive areas below 15 mg TN/l. To achieve this limit within reasonable time and budget, infrastructure cost has to be minimised. To construct new sewage treatment plants close to urban neighborhoods or to upgrade existing facilites within current plant boundaries, high-rate reactors for nitrogen were investigated. The retained option was an upflow aerated filter on a floating granular media. The lightweight media facilitates backwashing, and an anoxic zone at the filter bottom achieves denitrification. After extensive pilot tests to quantify the performance of the reactor, a demonstration plant of one full-scale filter cell was constructed and operated for two years to verify technological as well as process options. The dynamic behaviour of the reactor could be assessed by continuous reading of ammonia and carbon pollution. This paper describes the results obtained and the observed system limits. The reactor was fed with primary settled wastewater containing about 450 mg COD/l and 65 mg TKN/l. Filtration velocity was varied between 1 and 2 m/h, and 100 to 300 % of the feed flow was recirculated. The removal rates at different temperatures were measured, under an applied load of 5 kg COD/m3 d, nitrification and denitrification capacities in the respective zones were around 1 kg N/m3 d at 15 °C. Up to 50 mg TN/l could be removed and the required effluent quality of the EC guideline could thus be achieved with an empty bed contact time of 2 hours. An additional on-site pilot test showed that within this same detention time, total nitrogen residuals down to 5 mg/l could be achieved at 10 °C.

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Fuchs, Douglas, Donald L. Compton, Lynn S. Fuchs, Bobette Bouton, and Erin Caffrey. "The Construct and Predictive Validity of a Dynamic Assessment of Young Children Learning to Read: Implications for RTI Frameworks." Journal of Learning Disabilities 44, no. 4 (June 17, 2011): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022219411407864.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the construct and predictive validity of a dynamic assessment (DA) of decoding learning. Students ( N = 318) were assessed in the fall of first grade on an array of instruments that were given in hopes of forecasting responsiveness to reading instruction. These instruments included DA as well as one-point-in-time (static) measures of early alphabetic knowledge, rapid automatized naming (RAN), phonemic awareness, oral vocabulary, listening comprehension, attentive behavior, and hyperactive or impulsive behavior. An IQ test was administered in spring of second grade. Measures of reading outcomes administered in spring of first grade were accuracy and fluency of word identification skills and reading comprehension. Factor analysis using principal axis factor extraction indicated that DA loaded on a first factor that also included language abilities and IQ, which the authors refer to as the “language, IQ, and DA” factor. It was relatively distinct from two additional factors: (a) “speeded alphabetic knowledge and RAN” and (b) “task-oriented behavior.” A three-level (children nested within classroom; classrooms nested within school) random intercept model with fixed effects predictors suggested that DA differed from word attack in predicting future reading skill and that DA was a significant predictor of responsiveness to instruction, contributing unique variance to end-of-first-grade word identification and reading comprehension beyond that explained by other well-established predictors of reading development.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Reading behaviour construct"

(14042411), Danielle M. B. Helbers. "Examination of low scoring nine year old respondents in the IEA reading literacy study from English speaking countries." Thesis, 2003. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Examination_of_low_scoring_nine_year_old_respondents_in_the_IEA_reading_literacy_study_from_English_speaking_countries/21454098.

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The reading literacy study, conducted in 1990/91 by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), measured the performance of 9 year old students from 27 countries across the world. Until now, no specific analyses of the low scoring students has been undertaken. The aim of this secondary analysis of lEA reading literacy data was to examine the following question:

What factors operate to influence the identification of low scores in reading literacy within and between identifiable cultural categories?

Low scoring students were included when their scores fell below 100 rasch points (approximately 2.5 years) below their respective country mean. English speaking countries included in the analysis, all of which have historical ties to England, were Canada, New Zealand, Trinidad and Tobago, and the United States. Low scoring sample sizes exceeded 12% of their respective total sample. Typical differences featured when the background qualities of students (i.e. sex, language background, wealth) in the low scoring and respective country samples were compared.

To examine the reading factors influencing low scores, the models of reading proposed by the lEA were tested across and within low scoring country and international data sets. Through conducting principal components analyses (PCA), it was found that the text and skills based models proposed by the lEA were not supported. New models of reading for each data set were devised and saved for further multivariate analyses. The factors of the newly theorized reading literacy constructs are concerning with poor fitting data, though similar patterns are found across the data sets. These results indicate that the variables in the reading test examined other skills, knowledge and experiences.

Procedures of MANCOVA or MANOVA were applied to each data set to facilitate identification of significant personal background factors (independent variables) on the saved component scores (dependent variables). The reading behaviour constructs (Reading in Class, Voluntary Reading, Home Literacy Interaction) devised by the lEA were included as covariates following respecification using PCA where appropriate. A socio-economic construct was devised for each country using PCA and was included as another covariate. Canada was the only country to have no significant covariates, and so, a straight MANOVA was applied.

Socioeconomic status predicted student performance in all countries except Canada. Home Literacy Interaction predicted performance on one component in the United States and Internationally. Low scoring boys obtained higher scores than the girls on items with a mathematical component, and girls tended to obtain higher scores when information was presented in a narrative or literal form. Where significant differences feature, native English speaking students consistently out perform non-native speakers. Questions are raised about traditional cognitive views of reading comprehension and standardized testing. Evidence accumulated throughout the thesis lends credence for explanations of reading literacy favouring sociocultural viewpoints.

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Books on the topic "Reading behaviour construct"

Carpini, Joseph A., and Sharon K. Parker. The Bigger Picture: How Organizational Citizenship Behaviors Fit Within a Broader Conceptualization of Work Performance. Edited by Philip M. Podsakoff, Scott B. Mackenzie, and Nathan P. Podsakoff. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219000.013.3.

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Scholars have identified numerous forms of individual work performance, including core task, adaptive, proactive, and citizenship. Although the diversity of performance constructs has contributed to breadth, it has also resulted in a fragmented literature that, at times, operates in theoretical silos. As such, the overarching purpose of this chapter is to consider how organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) constructs relate to, and can fit within, broader models of individual work performance. We begin with a brief history of work performance concepts and review five integrative models of individual performance, culminating with the presentation of the Griffin, Neal, and Parker (2007) model. We use the latter to assess systematically whether and how OCB concepts relate to other performance concepts. We highlight constructs that fit readily within the Griffin et al. framework, in addition to constructs that do not. We conclude with five recommendations.

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Anderson, Jill E. “The Element that Shaped Me, That I Shape by Being In”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039805.003.0006.

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This chapter presents a reading of Margaret Atwood's Surfacing (1971) and The Edible Woman (1969). It argues that a fully feminist reading of these two novels must address how each contributes to the emerging discourse of queer ecology and to its examination of naturalization, or the process by which various behaviors, ideals, and conventions are accepted and legitimated, often to the detriment of their subjects. It employs the terms naturalized and natural in two distinct ways. First, it uses them as a means of identifying dictates and expectations that have shaped women and caused their oppression throughout specific historical periods. Second, it uses them to indicate the method by which Atwood reverses this primary process of naturalization in order to redefine the terms and construct feminist rebellion and consciousness-raising in the novels.

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Proudfoot, Diane, and B. Jack Copeland. Artificial Intelligence. Edited by Eric Margolis, Richard Samuels, and Stephen P. Stich. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195309799.013.0007.

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In this article the central philosophical issues concerning human-level artificial intelligence (AI) are presented. AI largely changed direction in the 1980s and 1990s, concentrating on building domain-specific systems and on sub-goals such as self-organization, self-repair, and reliability. Computer scientists aimed to construct intelligence amplifiers for human beings, rather than imitation humans. Turing based his test on a computer-imitates-human game, describing three versions of this game in 1948, 1950, and 1952. The famous version appears in a 1950 article inMind, ‘Computing Machinery and Intelligence’ (Turing 1950). The interpretation of Turing's test is that it provides an operational definition of intelligence (or thinking) in machines, in terms of behavior. ‘Intelligent Machinery’ sets out the thesis that whether an entity is intelligent is determined in part by our responses to the entity's behavior. Wittgenstein frequently employed the idea of a human being acting like a reliable machine. A ‘living reading-machine’ is a human being or other creature that is given written signs, for example Chinese characters, arithmetical symbols, logical symbols, or musical notation, and who produces text spoken aloud, solutions to arithmetical problems, and proofs of logical theorems. Wittgenstein mentions that an entity that manipulates symbols genuinely reads only if he or she has a particular history, involving learning and training, and participates in a social environment that includes normative constraints and further uses of the symbols.

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Arnold, Monica M., Lauren M. Burgeno, and Paul E. M. Phillips. Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry in Behaving Animals. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199939800.003.0005.

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Gaining insight into the mechanisms by which neural transmission governs behavior remains a central goal of behavioral neuroscience. Multiple applications exist for monitoring neurotransmission during behavior, including fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). This technique is an electrochemical detection method that can be used to monitor subsecond changes in concentrations of electroactive molecules such as neurotransmitters. In this technique, a triangular waveform voltage is applied to a carbon fiber electrode implanted into a selected brain region. During each waveform application, specific molecules in the vicinity of the electrode will undergo electrolysis and produce a current, which can be detected by the electrode. In order to monitor subsecond changes in neurotransmitter release, waveform application is repeated every 100 ms, yielding a 10 Hz sampling rate. This chapter describes the fundamental principles behind FSCV and the basic instrumentation required, using as an example system the detection of in vivo phasic dopamine changes in freely-moving animals over the course of long-term experiments. We explain step-by-step, how to construct and surgically implant a carbon fiber electrode that can readily detect phasic neurotransmitter fluctuations and that remains sensitive over multiple recordings across months. Also included are the basic steps for recording FSCV during behavioral experiments and how to process voltammetric data in which signaling is time-locked to behavioral events of interest. Together, information in this chapter provides a foundation of FSCV theory and practice that can be applied to the assembly of an FSCV system and execution of in vivo experiments.

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Book chapters on the topic "Reading behaviour construct"

McDermott, Paul A., Arthur I. Alterman, Lawrence Brown, Arturo Zaballero, Edward C. Snider, and James R. McKay. "Construct refinement and confirmation for the Addiction Severity Index." In Addictive behaviors: Readings on etiology, prevention, and treatment., 323–39. Washington: American Psychological Association, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10248-012.

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Stenner, A. Jackson. "Theory Referenced Measurement: Combining Substantive Theory and the Rasch Model." In Explanatory Models, Unit Standards, and Personalized Learning in Educational Measurement, 121–25. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3747-7_9.

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AbstractA construct theory is the story we tell about what it means to move up and down the scale for a variable of interest (e.g., temperature, reading ability, short term memory). Why is it, for example, that items are ordered as they are on the item map? The story evolves as knowledge regarding the construct increases. We call both the process and the product of this evolutionary unfolding "construct definition" (Stenner et al., Journal of Educational Measurement 20:305–316, 1983). Advanced stages of construct definition are characterized by calibration equations (or specification equations) that operationalize and formalize a construct theory. These equations, make point predictions about item behavior or item ensemble distributions. The more closely theoretical calibrations coincide with empirical item difficulties, the more useful the construct theory and the more interesting the story. Twenty-five years of experience in developing the Lexile Framework for Reading enable us to distinguish five stages of thinking. Each subsequent stage can be characterized by an increasingly sophisticated use of substantive theory. Evidence that a construct theory and its associated technologies have reached a given stage or level can be found in the artifacts, instruments, and social networks that are realized at each level.

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Kowalsky, Nathan. "Animal Difference in the Age of the Selfsame." In The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics, 79–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63523-7_5.

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AbstractIn this chapter, I argue that mainstream animal-centered (i.e., “humane”) ethics and critical animal studies attempt to account for nonhuman moral considerability in terms of those animals’ similarities with human animals. I argue that this emphasis on similarity is a reason why these two fields are generally anti-naturalistic and ultimately (though ironically) anthropocentric. Moreover, on the assumption of a general Levinasian ethic of alterity, this anti-naturalism and anthropocentrism is violently immoral. I propose, therefore, an ethic of animal difference based on an ethically naturalistic reading of intra- and inter-specific behavior sets. However, such naturalism is problematic if the Anthropocene is understood to be a naturalized fact which undermines all (metaphysical or normative) claims to naturalness or wildness. In response, I argue that the Anthropocene is not a naturalized fact but a socially-contingent and constructed fact, and as such is open to moral evaluation. My proposed ethic of animal difference offers one such critique, and one more effective than those found in mainstream humane ethics or critical animal studies.

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Hager, Kelly. "Adoptive Reading." In Rereading Orphanhood, edited by Diane Warren and Laura Peters, 81–100. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474464369.003.0005.

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Consider these characters: Oswald Bastable (and his five brothers and sisters), Sara Crewe, Tom Sawyer, Anne (of Green Gables), Rebecca (of Sunnybrook Farm). Orphans all, at least in the nineteenth-century sense of the term, and also voracious, impressionable, and, to use the parlance of our day, interactive readers. Acting out scenes from their favourite novels and poems and ‘tak[ing] them to illuminate the world’ (the phrase is Jonathan Culler’s) is not in these novels, quixotic behaviour they need to grow out of but rather a reading strategy that allows them to find a kind of family, a community and a sense of belonging. What is more, their ‘active, invested, adoptive reading’ (Stauffer 95) enables them to survive in both domestic and economic terms. This chapter therefore seeks to shed light on the way that childhood reading was constructed and construed in the period we celebrate as the Golden Age of children’s literature and to uncover the connection between that kind of reading and the way these classic texts for and about children contributed to the era’s valorisation of the nuclear family, even as they depict and celebrate decidedly non-normative forms of family.

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Anand, Poonam. "Assessment of EAP Literacies in Diverse and Multilingual Classrooms." In Handbook of Research on Cultivating Literacy in Diverse and Multilingual Classrooms, 309–27. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2722-1.ch015.

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Older views of the English for Academic Purposes Literacies (EAPL) assessment have been in line with the assessment of the four-skills second language (L2) competencies. However, the new understanding is that literacy is not just a cognitive competence of reading and writing but also a set of other purposeful social processes. This understanding makes EAPL assessment multifaceted by calling upon a set of supra-linguistic behaviors, i.e., cognitive and social skills in addition to L2 competencies. This chapter starts with a brief history and the current state of theoretical constructs (of what is actually assessed) of EAPL assessment. It then centers its discussion on different academic literacies models, and the critical issues in measuring EAPL. The author highlights different strategies for planning assessment in the practical applications of academic literacies constructs. The chapter ends with the presentation of useful steps in creating EAPL assessments.

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Anand, Poonam. "Assessment of EAP Literacies in Diverse and Multilingual Classrooms." In Research Anthology on Bilingual and Multilingual Education, 950–68. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3690-5.ch047.

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Charbonneau, Paul. "Epidemics." In Natural Complexity. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691176840.003.0009.

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This chapter examines the complex nature of the epidemic spread of contagious diseases. It first describes the model of epidemic spread constructed by adding random walks on a lattice to the forest-fire model before discussing the implementation of the epidemic “algorithm” using a minimal Python code. It then considers a representative simulation showing a time series of the number of infected and healthy random walkers, along with the behavior of the epidemic spread model and the dynamic self-organization of epidemic surges around a marginal infection rate of exactly unity. It also explores the scale invariance of a small-world network connecting twelve nodes. The chapter includes exercises and further computational explorations, along with a suggested list of materials for further reading.

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Bricken, William, and Geoffrey Coco. "VEOS: The Virtual Environment Operating Shell." In Virtual Environments and Advanced Interface Design. Oxford University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195075557.003.0011.

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Computer technology has only recently become advanced enough to solve the problems it creates with its own interface. One solution, virtual reality (VR), immediately raises fundamental issues in both semantics and epistcmology. Broadly, virtual reality is that aspect of reality which people construct from information, a reality which is potentially orthogonal to the reality of mass. Within computer science, VR refers to interaction with computer-generated spatial environments, environments constructed to include and immerse those who enter them. VR affords non-symbolic experience within a symbolic environment Since people evolve in a spatial environment, our knowledge skills are anchored to interactions within spatial environments. VR design techniques, such as scientific visualization, map digital information onto spatial concepts. When our senses are immersed in stimuli from the virtual world, our minds construct a closure to create the experience of inclusion. Participant inclusion is the defining characteristic of VR. (Participation within information is often called immersion.) Inclusion is measured by the degree of presence a participant experiences in a virtual environment. We currently use computers as symbol processors, interacting with them through a layer of symbolic mediation. The computer user, just like the reader of books, must provide cognitive effort to convert the screen’s representations into the user’s meanings. VR systems, in contrast, provide interface tools which support natural behavior as input and direct perceptual recognition of output. The idea is to access digital data in the form most easy for our comprehension; this generally implies using representations that look and feel like the thing they represent. A physical pendulum, for example, might be represented by an accurate three-dimensional digital model of a pendulum which supports direct spatial interaction and dynamically behaves as would an actual pendulum. Immersive environments redefine the relationship between experience and representation, in effect eliminating the syntax-semantics barrier. Reading, writing, and arithmetic are cast out of the computer interface, replaced by direct, non-symbolic environmental experience. Before we can explore the deeper issues of experience in virtual environments, we must develop an infrastructure of hardware and software to support “tricking the senses” into believing that representation is reality. The VEOS project was designed to provide a rapid prototyping infrastructure for exploring virtual environments.

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Furbish, David Jon. "Vorticity and Fluid Strain." In Fluid Physics in Geology. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195077018.003.0015.

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Many flows involve a sense of rotation. Clear examples include cyclones, whirlpools, and eddies. Less apparent, perhaps, is the interesting result that a one-dimensional shearing flow—for example, Couette flow—possesses a rotational component. As we will see below, the idea of fluid vorticity provides a way to characterize the rotational qualities of such flows. In addition, our treatment of vorticity will provide a way to distinguish between simple shear and pure shear of a fluid. Because shearing motions involve viscous dissipation of energy in real fluids, our descriptions of vorticity and shear will form an important part of the development of dynamical equations for flows that involve viscous forces (Chapter 12). The idea of vorticity also is useful in visualizing the onset of flow separation (Example Problem 11.4.2), very viscous flow behavior (Example Problem 12.6.5), and certain aspects of turbulence (Chapters 14 and 15). Beyond this, our treatment of vorticity is not emphasized. Let us envision a vorticity meter made of two small orthogonal vanes, with the end of one vane marked for easy identification. (Such meters can readily be constructed and used as described next.) Consider placing this meter at some position within a fluid that is rotating like a rigid body. The vorticity meter in this case rotates with the fluid in such a way that its orientation relative to the axis of rotation of the fluid remains fixed. As we will see below, the fluid possesses a definite vorticity that is reflected in the observation that the vorticity meter rotates with respect to its own axis. In this regard, we also may observe that the angular velocity of this local rotation of the meter is the same regardless of its distance from the fluid axis. Now consider a one-dimensional (Couette) shear flow. A vorticity meter placed at any position within this flow also rotates about its center due to the streamwise velocity differential over the span of the meter. Judging from the behavior of the meter, this flow also possesses a definite vorticity. We also may envision that the rate of rotation varies directly with the velocity gradient du/dy.

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Boarnet, Marlon, and Randall C. Crane. "A Case Study of Planning." In Travel by Design. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195123951.003.0014.

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The facts, figures, and inferences in chapter 7 regarding municipal behavior toward transit-oriented housing opportunities illustrate many points. Still, there is much that even a careful statistical analysis might miss or misunderstand. For that reason, we also explored what we could learn by talking to real planners about these issues. The case of San Diego is interesting and useful for several reasons. First, the San Diego Trolley is the oldest of the current generation of light rail projects in the United States. Unlike many newer systems, the age of San Diego’s rail transit (the South Line opened in 1981) allows time for land use planning to respond to the fixed investment. Second, the San Diego system is no stranger to modern transit-based planning ideas. The San Diego City Council approved a land-use plan for their stations that includes many of the ideas promoted by transit-oriented development (TOD) advocates (City of San Diego, 1992). Third, the light rail transit (LRT) authority in San Diego County, the Metropolitan Transit Development Board (MTDB), is often regarded as one of the more successful municipal LRT agencies. The initial parts of the MTDB rail transit system were constructed strictly with state and local funds, using readily available, relatively low-cost technology (Demoro and Harder, 1989, p. 6). Portions of San Diego’s system have high fare-box recovery rates, including the South Line, which in its early years recovered as much as 90 percent of operating costs at the fare box (Gómez-Ibáñez, 1985). All of these factors make San Diego potentially a “best-case” example of TOD implementation. When generalizing from this case study, it is important to remember that the transit station area development process in San Diego is likely better developed than in many other urban areas in the United States. The results from San Diego County can illustrate general issues that, if they have not already been encountered, might soon become important in other urban areas with rail transit systems. Also, given San Diego County’s longer history of both LRT and TOD when compared with most other regions, any barriers identified in San Diego County might be even more important elsewhere.

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Conference papers on the topic "Reading behaviour construct"

Ilako, Caroline. "The influence of spatial attributes on users’ information behaviour in academic libraries: a case study." In ISIC: the Information Behaviour Conference. University of Borås, Borås, Sweden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47989/irisic2029.

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Introduction. Information practices manifest differently among diverse library users, because space influences the different activities that library users engage in. Lefebvre’s spatial triad theory was used to illustrate how library spaces influence spatial activities and hence affect information behaviour of users. Method. A qualitative, ethnographic study method was applied. Participant observations and interviews with library users were conducted from May to December 2019 within Makerere University. Analysis. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results. Information behaviour appears as the central activity within the library spaces, within those spaces and academic and non-academic behaviour manifest as a result of user engagement within the different spaces. It was thus revealed that different attributes support users’ activities such as reading, discussionsamong users and therefore sharping their space preference. Conclusion. Space is both a physical and social object that has a direct influence on its inhabitants’ spatial activities, perceptions and experiences. The concept that space is socially constructed is empirically supported through the social relations that users create as they engage in different activities. The availability of space attributes such as enclosed spaces, noise levels, lighting and space attachment influence the spatial activities and experience of users in a positive or negative way.

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Kiose, Maria, Anastasia Rzheshevskaya, and Anna Izmalkova. "Gaze behavior in single-page monomodal and cross-modal switches as affected by Event construal." In Dialogue. RSUH, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2022-21-1078-1088.

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This paper proposes Event-modelling Framework (EMF) to explore the systemic Event construal effects onto gaze. In two eye tracking experiments examining monomodal and cross-modal switches with a total number of 898 gaze probes of Text and Picture Areas of Interest (AOIs), we investigated gaze behavior variations produced by Event construal registered in 61 parameters of Referent, Event Frame and Perspective construal. 5 non-aliased gaze metrics served to assess the significance of Event construal effects and scale them. The results contribute to the research field of ergonomic optimization in visual and reading tasks.

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Aljehane, Salwa, Bonita Sharif, and Jonathan Maletic. "Determining Differences in Reading Behavior Between Experts and Novices by Investigating Eye Movement on Source Code Constructs During a Bug Fixing Task." In ETRA '21: 2021 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3448018.3457424.

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Malik, M. H. A., and M. S. Kamarudin. "Energy Meter Using a Smartphone." In Conference on Faculty Electric and Electronic 2020/1. Penerbit UTHM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30880/eeee.2020.01.01.006.

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This project is conducted to establish a monitoring system for electricity consumption that can be controlled via IoT-based protocol enabling consumers to monitor their electricity consumption based on real-time and automatic reading of electricity meters at single-load electrical appliances. The goal of implementing this program is to allow consumers to improve their behaviour in terms of energy use by making efforts to manage electricity demand better and minimize carbon emissions. This device is constructed using NodeMCU, a microcontroller. The programming which contains the code for reading from the current transformer sensor will be submitted to the board of NodeMCU. The programming also includes formulae for measuring energy usage based on TNB's electricity tariff. The energy consumption information or data will be sent via Wi-Fi to Smartphone apps using the Graphic User Interface. With more excellent timeliness and ease of access for customers or energy suppliers, the program is expected to help customers regulate their electricity consumption.

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Gassama, Edrissa, Daniel W. Spring, Aaron Stenta, Jeffrey Cochran, and Charles Panzarella. "A Probabilistic Approach to the Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Coke Drums." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63676.

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A coke drum experiences operating conditions that are severe and unrelenting, and their lifespans reflect this. In this paper, a coupled thermal-mechanical model of an operating coke drum is presented. The impacts of important operating parameters, such as the cycle time and quench rate, on an ideal operating cycle and a cycle that produces hotspots are discussed. The model is constructed in three stages: (i) the through-wall temperature distribution is probabilistically determined using a Bayesian inverse approach that calculates the heat flux profile on the inside of the drum wall from a temperature reading on the outside of the wall; (ii) a thermal-mechanical finite element analysis of the drum wall is conducted using the heat flux profile as a spatially and temporally varying boundary condition — to obtain the stress and strain behavior at a critical location (weld seam) on the drum; and (iii) hotspots are introduced in the vicinity of the weld through a novel approach, and their impact on the plastic behavior of the drum wall is examined. The influence of the operating conditions on the behavior of the coke drum is to be incorporated into a financial analysis of the entire coke drum’s life cycle — in a companion paper — to determine an optimal operating strategy.

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Laurent, Jonathan, Jean Yang, and Walter Fontana. "Counterfactual Resimulation for Causal Analysis of Rule-Based Models." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/260.

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Models based on rules that express local and heterogeneous mechanisms of stochastic interactions between structured agents are an important tool for investigating the dynamical behavior of complex systems, especially in molecular biology. Given a simulated trace of events, the challenge is to construct a causal diagram that explains how a phenomenon of interest occurred. Counterfactual analysis can provide distinctive insights, but its standard definition is not applicable in rule-based models because they are not readily expressible in terms of structural equations. We provide a semantics of counterfactual statements that addresses this challenge by sampling counterfactual trajectories that are probabilistically as close to the factual trace as a given intervention permits them to be. We then show how counterfactual dependencies give rise to explanations in terms of relations of enablement and prevention between events.

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Cicciarelli, Bradley A., David L. Davidson, Edward H. Hart, and P. Robert Peoples. "CFD Analysis of the Behavior of Airborne Allergens in Carpeted and Uncarpeted Dwellings." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1557.

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There is considerable concern today over indoor air quality (IAQ). The factors that influence IAQ may be numerous, and there is considerable research aimed at quantifying these factors. This research is of particular interest to industries that manufacture products used in residential and commercial dwellings, such as the carpet industry. With respect to carpet, there are various opinions about its role in IAQ, but little quantitative data. Much of the quantitative data that does exist either ignores or makes crude assumptions about the influence of fluid dynamics on the experimental observations. In this paper we discuss our use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to model the transient behavior of airborne particles in dwellings with and without carpeted floors to quantify the impact of floor covering on IAQ. In particular, we discuss the theoretical considerations that are required to construct an accurate and practical CFD model that captures the correct fluid and particle dynamics, and present and summarize CFD predictions that account for the effects of HVAC systems, room geometry and virtual objects, such as people moving about the dwelling. In addition to getting the fluid and particle dynamics correct, there are two additional aspects of this problem that will be discussed. First, in order to draw reasonable conclusions about IAQ, a large number of simulations are required to capture the wide range of realistic dwelling conditions of interest. In order to perform these simulations in a timely manner, the process of building and meshing the geometry, specifying all relevant room conditions, conducting the simulation and interrogating the results has been automated by constructing a Digital Expert for the problem, wherein the user can automatically complete these tasks with little CFD expertise and no intervention. Second, it is essential to communicate the results of these simulations to lay audiences — the wide range of people interested in IAQ, including school boards, politicians and other government officials. We have developed a means of generating “Hollywood grade” animations that are more realistic in appearance than conventional CFD animations, and consequently more appealing and more readily understandable, but that reflect the correct fluid and particle dynamics. We believe that the integration of CFD with realistic animation capability will see greater applicability as our society becomes increasingly dependent on technology and decreasingly technically literate.

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Veeramani, Arun, John Crews, and Gregory D. Buckner. "Modeling Smart Materials Using Hysteretic Recurrent Neural Networks." In ASME 2009 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2009-1476.

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This paper describes a novel approach to modeling hysteresis using a Hysteretic Recurrent Neural Network (HRNN). The HRNN utilizes weighted recurrent neurons, each composed of conjoined sigmoid activation functions to capture the directional dependencies typical of hysteretic smart materials (piezoelectrics, ferromagnetic, shape memory alloys, etc.) Network weights are included on the output layer to facilitate training and provide statistical model information such as phase fraction probabilities. This paper demonstrates HRNN-based modeling of two- and three-phase transformations in hysteretic materials (shape memory alloys) with experimental validation. A two-phase network is constructed to model the displacement characteristics of a shape memory alloy (SMA) wire under constant stress. To capture the more general thermo-mechanical behavior of SMAs, a three-phase HRNN model (which accounts for detwinned Martensite, twinned Martensite, and Austensite phases) is developed and experimentally validated. The HRNN modeling approach described in this paper readily lends itself to other hysteretic materials and may be used for developing real-time control algorithms.

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Popov, A. A., J. M. T. Thompson, and F. A. McRobie. "Parametrically Excited Vibrations and Auto-Parametric Resonance in Cylindrical Shells." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1011.

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Abstract Vibrations of cylindrical shells parametrically excited by external axial forcing or by internal auto-parametric resonances are considered. A Rayleigh-Ritz discretization of the von Kármán-Donnell equations through symbolic computations leads to low dimensional models of shell vibration. After applying methods and ideas of modern dynamical systems theory, complete bifurcation diagrams are constructed and analyzed with an emphasis on modal interactions and their relevance to structural behaviour. In the case of free shell vibrations, the Hamiltonian and a transformation into action-angle coordinates followed by averaging provides readily a geometric description of the interaction between concertina and chequerboard modes. It was established that the interaction should be most pronounced when there are slightly less than 2 N square chequerboard panels circumferentially, where N is the ratio of shell radius to thickness. The two mode interaction leads to preferred vibration patterns with larger deflection inwards than outwards, and at internal resonance, significant energy transfer occurs between the modes. The regular and chaotic features of this interaction are studied analytically and numerically.

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Nixon, Eric, Michelle Pantoya, and Daniel Prentice. "Quantification of Heat Flux From a Reacting Thermite Spray." In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88219.

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Characterizing the combustion behaviors of energetic materials requires diagnostic tools that are often not readily or commercially available. For example, a jet of thermite spray provides a high temperature and pressure reaction that can also be highly corrosive and promote undesirable conditions for the survivability of any sensor. Developing a diagnostic to quantify heat flux from a thermite spray is the objective of this study. Quick response sensors such as thin film heat flux sensors can not survive the harsh conditions of the spray, but more rugged sensors lack the response time for the resolution desired. A sensor that will allow for adequate response time while surviving the entire test duration was constructed. The sensor outputs interior temperatures of the probes at known locations and utilizes an inverse heat conduction code to calculate heat flux values. The details of this device are discussed and illustrated. Temperature and heat flux measurements of various thermite spray conditions are reported. Results indicate that this newly developed energetic material heat flux sensor provides quantitative data with good repeatability.

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Academic literature on the topic 'Reading behaviour construct'

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Journal articles on the topic "Reading behaviour construct"

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Books on the topic "Reading behaviour construct"

Book chapters on the topic "Reading behaviour construct"

Conference papers on the topic "Reading behaviour construct"