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Journal articles on the topic 'Reader letters'
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1
Spafford, Marlee M., Catherine F. Schryer, and Lorelei Lingard. "The rhetoric of patient voice: Reported talk with patients in referral and consultation letters." Communication and Medicine 5, no. 2 (March 14, 2009): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cam.v5i2.183.
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Referral and consultation letters are written to enable the exchange of patient information and facilitate the trajectory of patients through the healthcare system. Yet, these letters, written about yet apart from patients, also sustain and constrain professional relationships and influence attitudes towards patients. We analysed 35 optometry referral letters and 35 corresponding ophthalmology consultation letters for reported ‘patient voice’ coded as ‘experience’ or ‘agenda’ and we interviewed 15 letter writers (eight optometry students, six optometrists, and one community ophthalmologist). There were 80 instances of reported ‘patient voice’ in 35 letters. The majority (68%) of the instances occurred in referral letters, likely due to differences in both ‘letter function’ and ‘professional stance’. Reported ‘patient voice’ occurred predominantly as ‘experience’ (81%) rather than ‘agenda’ instances. Letters writers focused on their readers’ needs, thus a biomedical voice dominated the letters and instances of reported ‘patient voice’ were recontextualized for the professional audience. While reporting ‘patient voice’ was not the norm in these letters, its inclusion appeared to accomplish specific work: to persuade reader action, to question patient credibility, and to highlight patient agency. These letter strategies reflect professional attitudes about patients and their care.
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Ní Mheallaigh, Karen. "THE ‘PHOENICIAN LETTERS’ OF DICTYS OF CRETE AND DIONYSIUS SCYTOBRACHION." Cambridge Classical Journal 58 (November 26, 2012): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1750270512000103.
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Dictys of Crete's Journal of the Trojan War seems to invite the reader to imagine two different versions of the imaginary ancient Ur-text: one that was written in Phoenician language and script, and another that was written using ‘Phoenician letters’ but whose language was Greek. What is the meaning of the text's different fantasies of its own origins? And how is the reader to understand the puzzlingly implausible Punico-Greek text that is envisaged in Septimius' prefatory letter? This article examines first why the Journal's fantasy Ur-text changed as the Dictys-text itself evolved, and what the text's fiction of its own origins can tell us, not only about its readers' contemporary context, but also about their fantasies about their own literary past – and future as well. Secondly, comparison with the work of Dionysius Skytobrachion, himself the author of a pseudo-documentary Troy-history, offers a new interpretation of what, precisely, Septimius' ‘Punic letters’ may have represented in ancient readers' minds, and opens up a new (imaginary) literary hinterland in the heroic past for the fictional author Dictys and his text.
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McCluskey, Michael, and Jay Hmielowski. "Opinion expression during social conflict: Comparing online reader comments and letters to the editor." Journalism 13, no. 3 (September 14, 2011): 303–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884911421696.
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News outlets serve democratic norms by providing a wide range of viewpoints, including opinions from the public. This study examined opinion expression in online reader posts and letters to the editor in a community facing social conflict. Analysis of opinion expression about the Jena Six showed more balance in both the range and tone of opinions from online reader comments than reader letters. Online posts more often challenged community institutions than did letters. Ability to post anonymous comments, the absence of media gatekeepers and a younger audience are potential reasons why online reader comments differed from reader letters.
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Aamodt, Michael G., Devon A. Bryan, and Alan J. Whitcomb. "Predicting Performance with Letters of Recommendation." Public Personnel Management 22, no. 1 (March 1993): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102609302200106.
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Previous research has indicated that letters of recommendation are poor predictors of future performance, in part because characteristics of the letter writer and letter reader interfere with the objective analysis of the content of the letter. To help correct this problem, Peres and Garcia (1962) developed a technique for analyzing the content of letters of recommendation by identifying traits mentioned in each letter and placing the traits into one of five categories. It was the purpose of this paper to determine if the Peres and Garcia technique would be a valid method of predicting performance of psychology instructors and graduate students. The results of the two studies indicate that traits from letters of recommendation can be reliably classified into the five Peres and Garcia categories and that these traits are valid predictors of future performance (r's = .32 and .38).
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Kim, Kyungil, Chang H. Lee, and Yoonhyoung Lee. "Consideration of the linguistic characteristics of letters makes the universal model of reading more universal." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 35, no. 5 (August 29, 2012): 291–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x12000076.
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AbstractWe suggest that the linguistic characteristics of letters also need to be considered to fully understand how a reader processes printed words. For example, studies in Korean showed that unambiguity in the assignment of letters to their appropriate onset, vowel, or coda slot is one of the main sources of the letter-transposition effect. Indeed, the cognitive system that processes Korean is tuned to the structure of the Korean writing system.
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Newman, Christy. "Reader Letters to Women's Health Magazines." Feminist Media Studies 7, no. 2 (June 2007): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14680770701287027.
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Edwards, Catharine. "Self-Scrutiny and Self-Transformation in Seneca' Letters." Greece and Rome 44, no. 1 (April 1997): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gr/44.1.23.
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The idea of a collection of letters from a Roman senator to his equestrian friend might encourage the reader familiar with the Letters of Cicero to expect a certain kind of self-revelation. Seneca, like Cicero, was one of the most prominent men in Rome in his own time. We might expect his letters to tell us his views on the emperor Nero, for instance, or what his motives were for retiring from public life (as he had done by the time he came to write the Letters). But readers of Seneca's Letters, at least in modern times, have often felt disappointed at his failure to provide information about himself and the world he lives in.
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Demana, Franklin, and Bert K. Waits. "Soundoff: A Computer for All Students." Mathematics Teacher 85, no. 2 (February 1992): 94–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.85.2.0094.
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The views expressed in “Soundoff” do not necessarily reflect the views of the Editorial Panel of the Mathematics Teacher or the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Readers are encouraged to respond to this editorial by sending double-spaced letters to the Mathematics Teacher for possible publication in “Reader Reflections.” Editorials from readers are welcomed.
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Arthur Steen, Lynn. "Soundoff: Does Everybody Need to Study Algebra?" Mathematics Teacher 85, no. 4 (April 1992): 258–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.85.4.0258.
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The views expressed in “Soundoff” do not necessarily reflect the views of the Editorial Panel of the Mathematics Teacher or the National Council of Teacher of Mathematics. Readers are encouraged to respond to this editorial by sending double-spaced letters to the Mathematics Teacher for possible publication in “Reader Reflections.” Editorials from readers are welcomed.
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Cuoco, Al. "Soundoff!: What I Wish I Had Known about Mathematics When I Started Teaching: Suggestions for Teacher-Preparation Programs." Mathematics Teacher 91, no. 5 (May 1998): 372–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.91.5.0372.
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The views expressed in “Soundoff!” reflect the views of the author and not necessarily those of the Editorial Panel of the Mathematics Teacher or the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Readers are encouraged to respond to this editorial by sending doublespaced letters to the Mathematics Teacher for possible publication in “Reader Reflections.” Editorials from readers are welcomed.
11
Dodge, Walter, Kathleen Goto, and Philip Mallinson. "Soundoff!: “I Would Consider the Following to Be a Proof …”." Mathematics Teacher 91, no. 8 (November 1998): 652–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.91.8.0652.
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The views expressed in “Soundoff!” reflect the views of the author and not necessarily those of the Editorial Panel of the Mathematics Teacher or the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Readers are encouraged to respond to this editorial by sending doublespaced letters to the Mathematics Teacher for possible publication in “Reader Reflections.” Editorials from readers are welcomed.
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Baker, Margaret Ann. "Direct Mail Sales Letters: Form and Substance." Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 23, no. 2 (April 1993): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/7dl8-hxj0-97t3-48n4.
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Practitioners and consultants, who have developed much of the theory on the direct mail sales letter, emphasize one point: The reader must be enticed to read the letter. One way to entice the reader is to use an indirect arrangement of support: Invitation, Benefits and Proof, Acceptance, and Teaser. Other reader-directed principles are 1) create the look of a personalized letter and 2) employ strategies to promote readability.
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Rivera, Carmen Haydée. "Breaking the Rules: Innovation and Narrative Strategies in Sandra Cisneros' The House on Mango Street and Ana Castillo's The Mixquiahuala Letters." Ethnic Studies Review 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2003.26.1.108.
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Conventional approaches to literary genres conspicuously imply definition and classification. From the very beginning of our incursions into the literary world we learn to identify and differentiate a poem from a play, a short story from a novel. As readers we classify each written work into one of these neatly defined literary genres by following basic guidelines. Either we classify according to the structure of the work (stanza; stage direction/dialogue; narrative) or the length (short story; novelette; novel). What happens though when a reader encounters a work of considerable length made up of individual short pieces or vignettes that include rhythm and rhyme and is framed by an underlying, unifying story line linking the vignettes together? Is it a novel or a collection of short stories? Why does it sound and, at times, look like a poem? To further complicate classifications, what happens when a reader comes across an epistolary format with instructions on which letters to read first: letters made up of one-word lines, poetic stanzas, or italicized stream of consciousness; letters that narrate the history of two women's friendship? Is this a novel or a mere collection of letters?
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INGLES, JANET L., and GAIL A. ESKES. "A comparison of letter and digit processing in letter-by-letter reading." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 14, no. 1 (December 14, 2007): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617708080119.
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The extent to which letter-by-letter reading results from a specific orthographic deficit, as compared with a nonspecific disturbance in basic visuoperceptual mechanisms, is unclear. The current study directly compared processing of letters and digits in a letter-by-letter reader, G.M., using a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) task and a speeded matching task. Comparisons were made to a group of six brain-damaged individuals without reading deficits. In the RSVP task, G.M. had increased difficulty reporting the target identities when they were letters, as compared with digits. Although this general pattern was also evident in the control group, the magnitude of the letter–digit accuracy difference was greater in G.M. Similarly, in the matching task, G.M. was slower to match letters than digits, relative to the control group, although his response times to both item types were increased. These data suggest that letter-by-letter reading, at least in this case, results from a visuoperceptual encoding deficit that particularly affects letters, but also extends to processing of digits to a lesser extent. Results are consistent with the notion that a left occipitotemporal area is specialized for letter processing with greater bilaterality in the visual processing of digits. (JINS, 2008,14, 164–173.)
15
Newbold, W. Webster. "Traditional, Practical, Entertaining: Two Early English Letter Writing Manuals." Rhetorica 26, no. 3 (2008): 267–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2008.26.3.267.
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Abstract Two noteworthy and successful vernacular rhetoric manuals printed in sixteenth-century England are actually writing manuals, books on how to compose letters: William Fulwood's The Enimie of Idlenesse (1568), and Angel Day's The English Secretorie (1586). Both works reflected and sought to influence literacy habits in the book-reading public, and reveal a wider range of cultural engagement than has previously been thought. In particular, three aspects are likely to have stirred reader interest: a connection for vernacular learners with both the humanist and dictaminal epistolary traditions that formed the core of prestige education; a focus on practical letter exchanges that carry familial and social significance; and a large collection of model letters, in which readers would have found exemplary discourse coupled with proto-fictional and amatory elements that could be enjoyed as entertainment. Understanding the varied appeals of these two books helps us fill out the larger picture relating to how vernacular literacy was valued, developed, and applied.
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Le Masurier, Megan. "Desiring the (Popular Feminist) Reader: Letters to CLEO during the Second Wave." Media International Australia 131, no. 1 (May 2009): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0913100112.
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The second wave of feminism in Australia became a popular reality for ordinary women through many forms of media, and especially through the new women's magazine Cleo. The reader letters published in Cleo throughout the 1970s provide rich, if productively problematic, evidence for the media historian's desire to interpret the meanings readers can make from magazines. In this case, the desire is to understand how younger, ordinary (non-activist) Australian women made sense of the immense challenge of feminism. Through letters written in response to Cleo's feminist journalism (and journalism about feminism), it is clear that a popular feminism was being experienced in the period of the second wave.
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Locker, Kitty O. "Factors in Reader Responses to Negative Letters." Journal of Business and Technical Communication 13, no. 1 (January 1999): 5–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105065199901300101.
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Boyarska, Lyubov. "The Author and the Reader: Communication in P. Kulish’s fiction." Obraz 3, no. 32 (2019): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/obraz.2019.3(32)-9-20.
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Purpose of the paper: to analyze, with «Letters from the Khutor (Farm, small village)» as the study material, the methods of communication with the reader, author strategies of addressing the recipient, drawing his attention, the technologies of «furthering an idea» and creating an atmosphere of trust and understanding. Also analyzed are their advantages, disadvantages, and shortcomings. Methods. Observation, analysis, and generalization, as well as literary concepts of receptive aesthetics, structuralism, post-structuralism, and mythological criticism enabled us to identify the fictional author of the letters and the Exemplary Reader (recipient) of the literary work in question. We were also able to define interaction strategies between the writer and the reader. Results and conclusions. In his «Letters», P. Kulish offers the reader a postmodern literary game, in the process of which the Exemplary Reader has to decipher certain meanings and allusions. Particularly, the writer creates the image of a fictional author of the text. It’s an idealized image of a khutor-owning Cossack (free, educated, and wealthy). Another persona the fictional writer adopts is the image of the Apostle Paul, who bestows certain significance (even sacredness) unto the text, making it into a spiritual message. In communication with the reader, P. Kulish uses the technology of text fragmentation, repetition, addressing the reader directly, intimation, and burlesque sentimentalist stylization of the narrative. Such stylization and demonstrative moralizing are considered to be communication shortcomings. Keywords: P. Kulish, game, author, reader, «Model/Ideal reader», text, hoax, stylization.
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Paul, Clyde A. "Soundoff: Some Cautions on Short-Term Solutions." Mathematics Teacher 78, no. 2 (February 1985): 82–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.78.2.0082.
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The views expressed in the “Roundoff” editorials do not necessarily reflect the views of the Editorial Panel of the Mathematics Teacher or the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Readers are encouraged to react to these editorials by writing to the author, with copies to the Mathematics Teacher for consideration in “Reader Reflections.” Please double-space all letters that are to be considered for publication. Editorials from readers are welcomed.
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Cuoco, Albert A. "Soundoff: Some Thoughts on Merit Pay." Mathematics Teacher 78, no. 3 (March 1985): 158–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.78.3.0158.
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The views expressed in the “Soundoff” editorials do not necessarily reflect the views of the Editorial Panel of the Mathematics Teacher or the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Readers are encouraged to react to these editorials by writing to the author with copies to the Mathematics Teacher for consideration in “Reader Reflections.” Please double-space all letters that are to be considered for publication. Editorials from readers are welcomed.
21
Sherman, Helene J. "Soundoff: Attention and Interest—are You Teaching Without Them?" Mathematics Teacher 78, no. 4 (April 1985): 232–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.78.4.0232.
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The views expressed in the “Soundoff” editorials do not necessarily reflect the views of the Editorial Panel of the Mathematics Teacher or the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Readers are encouraged to react to these editorials by writing to the author, with copies to the Mathematics Teacher for consideration in “Reader Reflections.” Please double-space all letters that are to be considered for publication. Editorials from readers are welcomed.
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Beard, M. "'Whither am I wandering?' A journey into the Self – Mary Wollstonecraft’s travels in Scandinavia, 1795." Literator 25, no. 1 (July 31, 2004): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v25i1.246.
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To place the letters written by Mary Wollstonecraft from Scandinavia to her lover, Gilbert Imlay, besides the journal in epistolary form that she published on her return to England, is to discern something of the complexity of Wollstonecraft’s personality. The two sets of documents, each of distinctive interest, reveal by their juxtaposition the struggle of an intelligent woman to reconcile her feelings and her reason as she strives to pursue a trajectory towards the emotional and financial independence that she had claimed for women in her polemical work A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. The comparison between the two sets of documents also demonstrates the ways in which the characteristics of the letter – its potentiality for immediacy, for the expression of the self and the emotions – are consciously shaped in the published Letters. Such strategies are designed for the perceived reader in each case: on the one hand, Imlay himself and, on the other, all those readers likely to purchase a work from the imprint of Joseph Johnson.
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Yurina, N. G. "V.S. Solovyov’s “Sunday Letters”: Aspects of the Author’s Dialogue with the Reader." Solov’evskie issledovaniya, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2076-9210.2021.2.006-019.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of V.S. Solovyov's “Sunday Letters”. Aspects of the author's dialogue with the reader within the framework of this publicist cycle are considered. The relevance of the topic is based on the importance of this work for understanding the writer’s last work, “Three Conversations” and the general direction of the development of his publicist writing. The “Sunday Letters” have relatively recently come to the attention of Solovyov scholars and remain little studied. On the basis of the main premises of M.M. Bakhtin’s concept of speech genres, the article examines the works included in the Solovyov cycle from a communicative perspective, highlighting several perspectives: author – addressee, author – text, addressee – text. This approach is new for Solovyov studies and productive due to the combination of literary and linguistic methods of scientific research. As a result, the general scheme of the way Solovyov the publicist constructs a communicative act with the reader established and some features of his dialogue with the audience are characterized. The article concludes that 1) Solovyov's main goal in publishing “Sunday Letters” was to organize a regular and direct dialogue with the Russian reading public on a wide range of social, political, philosophical, religious and moral issues (reflecting the influence of the tradition of F.M. Dostoevsky’s “Writer’s Diary”); 2) the author of the cycle primarily implemented an educational and prophetic creative strategy; 3) during 1897–1898 Solovyov distinguished between various sections of the reading public, corrected his position regarding the addressee; 4) the choice of the genre form of the work (letter-sermon) was not accidental, it was justified by the nature of the speech situation, participants of dialogue, specifics of communication sphere, subject of speech and determined the uniqueness of his style; 5) the style of the Solovyov cycle is characterized by heterogeneity, unevenness, excitement. These conclusions clarify the specifics of the author's position in the works of Solovyov the publicist, the character of his implementation of creative strategies.
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Gordina, E. D. "Readers’ Reviews in the Editorial Department of State Publishing House of Fiction Literature on “Tsushima” by A. Novikov-Priboy in the Context of Patriotic Education Campaign in the 1930-ies." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science], no. 2 (April 28, 2015): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2015-0-2-51-58.
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The article discusses the reader demand and readers’ reviews on the novel “Tsushima” by A. Novikov-Priboy, submitted to the State Publishing House of Fiction Literature in the 1930-ies. These letters are a unique historical source, allowing to reconstruct the composition of the readership of the Soviet historical novel in the prewar decade, to analyze reader activity of the different groups of population. On the basis of feedback it becomes possible to assess the impact of historical novel, in particular “Tsushima”, on the consciousness of people, what is of great importance for revealing the mechanism of Patriotic education campaign in the 1930-ies.
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Stasi, Daniele. "Listy z lagrów i więzień jako skrót rzeczywistości obozowej." Fabrica Litterarum Polono-Italica, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/flpi.2020.02.15.
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The article discusses Lucyna Sadzikowska’s book entitled Listy z lagrów i więzień 1939–1945. Wybrane zagadnienia (Letters from the Concentration Camps and Prisons 1939–1945. Selected Issues. Katowice 2019). According to the author of the article, the published letters of the inmates kept in concentration and labour camps remain interesting descriptions of the camp reality that redirect the reader towards literature of the personal document. The purpose of Sadzikowska’s book is to describe and codify the prison and camp letter with regard to its theoretical and practical aspects. She analyses and elaborates on official and unofficial camp and prison correspondence (e.g. secret messages, letters smuggled in or out of camps and prisons), and presents a peculiar supplement to this epistolography, that is, the literary letters of Gustaw Morcinek. The reviewed work not only presents the author’s commitment to elaborate on camp and prison epistolography written in the period between 1939 and 1945, but also points out the inspiring potential of personal documents.
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Lichtenberg, Donovan R. "Soundoff: Teachers’ Salaries Should be Based on Supply and Demand." Mathematics Teacher 78, no. 5 (May 1985): 322–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.78.5.0322.
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The views expressed in the “Sound off” editorials do not necessarily reflect the views of the Editorial Panel of the Mathematics Teacher or the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Headers are encouraged to react to these editorials by writing to the author with copies to the Mathematics Teacher for consideration in “Reader Reflections.” Please double-space all letters that are to be considered for publication. Editorials from readers are welcomed.
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FÜRST, JULIANE. "In Search of Soviet Salvation: Young People Write to the Stalinist Authorities." Contemporary European History 15, no. 3 (July 19, 2006): 327–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777306003353.
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Letters have always been an important medium between rulers and subjects in the Soviet Union and Russia. This article looks at letters from young people to Soviet party officials, newspapers and youth organizations, using them as texts in their own right rather than as sources for the events they describe. A close and detailed analysis of the letters' language, structure and style reveals the subjective universe of their authors and the function of letters both in the personal life of their writers and in the Soviet system overall. Particular attention is paid to letters that employ confessionary narratives. The eschatological trajectory of other Soviet autobiographical texts, which chart the inevitable progress from an unenlightened state to ideological conviction, is reversed in these letters, leading the reader from a happy Soviet life to a point of confusion and ideological doubt. While the crises, which are at the heart of these letters, reveal the difficulties of young people in making sense of the Soviet world around them, they also demonstrate the extent to which young people's norms, values and language were infused by Bolshevik thought. The process of letter writing was thus both an affirmation of the system and a testimony to its failings.
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Hudson, Thom. "Theoretical Perspectives on Reading." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 18 (March 1998): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500003470.
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Reading text is a relatively recent human activity, only having been around for about 5,000 years. Through text, writers are able to communicate with others at great distances. Readers are able to perceive arbitrarily determined shapes presented against some background and then form them into meaning. As the reader becomes more proficient at reading and uses reading in more and different ways, this process of interpreting letters and words becomes increasingly automatic.
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Hynds, Ernest C. "Editors at Most U.S. Dailies See Vital Roles for Editorial Page." Journalism Quarterly 71, no. 3 (September 1994): 573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909407100309.
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Editors and editorial page editors remain positive about the role of the editorial in today's newspapers. They believe editorial pages provide information, analyses, benchmarks, and public forums to assist readers in making decisions and taking action on issues. This study provides comparative data about editorial page features for similar studies conducted in 1975, 1983, and 1992. In this survey most editors reported increased reader involvement in the editorial page, especially in letters columns.
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Juhņēviča, Liene Katrīna. "Alūziju izmantojums žurnāla “Ir” virsrakstos." Scriptus Manet: humanitāro un mākslas zinātņu žurnāls = Scriptus Manet: Journal of Humanities and Arts, no. 10/11 (September 2, 2020): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/sm.2020.10.11.060.
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In the press language studies, relatively little attention is paid to the titles in the printed press. Therefore, titles in the magazine “Ir” were studied and analysed from the point of view of the use of allusions. The titles of the magazine “Ir” were excerpted during the period from August 9 to October 31, 2018. These include a more detailed analysis of the titles in which the use of allusions appears vividly. The titles of the magazine reflect the topics of 2018, such as the 100th anniversary of the state’s independence, the 13th elections of the Parliament, as well as the new theatre shows. The most vivid allusions are seen in the titles of the culture section and comment pages of the magazine “Ir”. It should be mentioned that Latvian orthography rules require capitalization of all first letters of words in the names of magazines and newspapers. However, the magazine itself does not comply with this rule by using a small initial letter in its name. In the article, the capital letter is used referring to the name of the magazine, following the spelling of the Latvian language. The name of the magazine “Ir” is short, accurate, and affirming. Titles of the articles are used as a technique that interests and attracts the reader. There is a trend that titles in the magazine are purposefully designed to attract the reader’s attention. The title initially has the emotional hue that the author uses to give direction to the reader and show his attitude to the described topic and the analysed problem. A purposefully used allusion in the title encourages the reading of an article published in the magazine. Reading long text requires motivation, so the title serves as an impulse and an incentive for the reader to read the text. The titles serve as an indication to the reader of the subject under consideration. With the title, the author shows his assessment of the issue affected by the article. Dite Liepa writes: “The author of the text goes to the reader in different ways: both as a dispassionate set of facts and as a personality who independently appreciates and describes the situation, demonstrates his position and tries to deviate from the clichés of the press with the individuality and stylistic freedom of language.” (Liepa 2011, 93) The titles in the magazine “Ir” show the tendency that the authors of the magazine are vivid personalities who are interested in readers with their own language-specific style. “The title is a special type of journalistic style text, which briefly and laconically refers to the most important information in the following text. The title is read by every reader of the press edition or Internet news portal first, and then the reader thinks about the information and the need to read this article.” (Kalnača 2011, 116) Titles do not appear as a separate subject in the printed press. The titles in the printed press and the Internet differ in terms of content and structure. “One of the goals for journalists is to attract the attention of newspaper readers, make the newspaper interesting to the possibly wider range of readers. This goal can be achieved by providing news in a comprehensive, binding, intriguing way because today, people want to do and get something new, unusual, different.” (Oļehnoviča 2016, 43) Publishing aims to inform, interest, persuade, and educate. (Lokmane 2005, 32) One of the ways of attracting readers’ attention is the use of allusions. The purpose of the media is to attract a reader, but the reader must be able to perceive and understand the text in the press. The journalist’s main goal is to hand out information in a way that is easily perceived by the reader. Journalism must consider the readers’ understanding of the text. “The understanding of the text forms from the following aspects: language knowledge, situation, linguistic context, the vision of the text’s (creator and) receiver.” (Fāters 2010, 275) So, the reader must be able to capture and understand the information provided in the press. The authors of the magazine “Ir” also count on readers’ understanding of the text while trying to attract their attention. Readers firstly see the title, so it must be intriguing enough for the reader to continue reading the article.
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Gaudreau, Lynda. "A Letter to Ludwig Wittgenstein." Dance Articulated 6, no. 1 (June 24, 2020): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/da.v6i1.3615.
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Lynda Gaudreau’s current artistic research on asynchrony emerged from her choreographic practice. Asynchrony is the modification or disturbance of perception caused by a slight change in space and/or time within a work, and which, like a pebble, slips inside a machinery. This tiny friction between space and time heightens the audience’s attention. During her doctoral research (2018), she elaborated her conception of asynchrony through specific parameters, such as the hole/ gap, short circuit and fake space. These were organized into three dynamic axes: desynchronization, destruction, and editing. Her project eventually took the form of twenty-five fictional letters to various individuals - artists, thinkers and characters. They include letters to Pier Paolo Pasolini, Cedric Price, Dominique Gonzalez-Foerster and a Sainte. The letter to Ludwig Wittgenstein is one of the unpublished letters of this project. Begun during the live screening of the American presidential election in 2016, the letter integrates various recollections and texts about space, movement and time. It carries the reader into a choreographic and asynchronic experience, from one place to another, and into different times (live stream, recorded…). The letter to Ludwig Wittgenstein is a reflective enquiry into the relation between space and language, and the mobile nature of both.
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Friedmann, Naama, and Manar Haddad-Hanna. "Letter Position Dyslexia in Arabic: From Form to Position." Behavioural Neurology 25, no. 3 (2012): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/296974.
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This study reports the reading of 11 Arabic-speaking individuals with letter position dyslexia (LPD), and the effect of letter form on their reading errors. LPD is a peripheral dyslexia caused by a selective deficit to letter position encoding in the orthographic-visual analyzer, which results in migration of letters within words, primarily of middle letters. The Arabic orthography is especially interesting for the study of LPD because Arabic letters have different forms in different positions in the word. As a result, some letter position errors require letter form change. We compared the rate of letter migrations that change letter form with migrations that do not change letter form in 10 Arabic-speaking individuals with developmental LPD, and one bilingual Arabic and Hebrew-speaking individual with acquired LPD. The results indicated that the participants made 40% letter position errors in migratable words when the resulting word included the letters in the same form, whereas migrations that changed letter form almost never occurred. The error rate of the Arabic-Hebrew bilingual reader was smaller in Arabic than in Hebrew. However, when only words in which migrations do not change letter form were counted, the rate was similar in Arabic and Hebrew. Hence, whereas orthographies with multiple letter forms for each letter might seem more difficult in some respects, these orthographies are in fact easier to read in some forms of dyslexia. Thus, the diagnosis of LPD in Arabic should consider the effect of letter forms on migration errors, and use only migratable words that do not require letter-form change. The theoretical implications for the reading model are that letter form (of the position-dependent type found in Arabic) is part of the information encoded in the abstract letter identity, and thus affects further word recognition processes, and that there might be a pre-lexical graphemic buffer in which the checking of orthographic well-formedness takes place.
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Schütz (book author), Heinrich, Gregory S. Johnston (book editor), and Pascale Duhamel (review author). "A Heinrich Schütz Reader. Letters and Documents in Translation." Renaissance and Reformation 39, no. 2 (July 27, 2016): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v39i2.26887.
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Commens, Chris. "Letters to the Editor: Confessions of a biased reader." Australian Prescriber 29, no. 4 (August 1, 2006): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2006.060.
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Newman, Christy. "Healthy, Wealthy and Globalized? Reader Letters to AustralianMen's HealthMagazine." Continuum 19, no. 2 (June 2005): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10304310500084681.
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Wulsin, H. Wells. "Sound Off! – Mathematics vs. MTV: How to Win the Eyeball War." Mathematics Teacher 104, no. 8 (April 2011): 570–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.104.8.0570.
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“Sound Off!” is the Mathematics Teacher's op–ed page; as such, the opinions expressed reflect those of the author and not necessarily those of the MT Editorial Panel or of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Readers are encouraged to respond to this “Sound Off!” by submitting letters to the “Reader Reflections” section of the journal as well as to submit essays for consideration as “Sound Off!”s. Please visit http://www.nctm.org/publications/content aspx?id=10440#soundoff for information.
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Wulsin, H. Wells. "Sound Off! – Mathematics vs. MTV: How to Win the Eyeball War." Mathematics Teacher 104, no. 8 (April 2011): 570–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.104.8.0570.
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“Sound Off!” is the Mathematics Teacher's op–ed page; as such, the opinions expressed reflect those of the author and not necessarily those of the MT Editorial Panel or of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Readers are encouraged to respond to this “Sound Off!” by submitting letters to the “Reader Reflections” section of the journal as well as to submit essays for consideration as “Sound Off!”s. Please visit http://www.nctm.org/publications/content aspx?id=10440#soundoff for information.
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Henderson, John. "On Pliny on Martial on Pliny on Anon… (Epistles 3.21/Epigrams 10.19)." Ramus 30, no. 1 (2001): 56–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0048671x00001582.
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For the most part, editors and teachers have conspired to ignore the book gatherings in administering their dosage of Pliny (as of Cicero's, or of Seneca's Letters). But Epistles 3.21 is a striking tailpiece which pricks the reader to reflect back over all the book they have been reading. A resounding sequence of letters through the book has been writing up writers when we reach the finale's valediction to Martial. Each time writer and subject of writing share the trait of being writers, this entices readers to play at joining them, and so entertain the experience of reading through their minds' eyes. Attuned empathy is the challenge, though not necessarily in a spirit of congeniality or collegiality; and the cumulative project is to lever us into sharing and appreciating Pliny's ability to represent the fraternity to others, and thereby to communicate his own self, as writer and subject of writing. No half measures: letters mediate, immediate.
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Uspenskaya, M. "А. М. Линевский: четыре письма к Л. Я. Штернбергу." Prehistoric Archaeology. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 3 (2021): 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/2658-3925-2021-1-107-130.
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The article publishes (for the first time) the letters of A. M. Linevsky to L. Ya. Sternberg (1926–1927), and presents photographs of their handwritten originals. It is these four letters that the author of the article considers particularly important, since they marked a certain milestone in the fate of Linevsky as a researcher. Two letters (1926) were written before and two (1927) after the discovery of Besovy Sledki petroglyphs, which led Linevsky to the field of archaeology. There are also excerpts from his letters to A. Ya. Bryusov (1927–1929), which will allow the reader to get an idea of the first steps of A. M. Linevsky in the study and deciphering of Karelian rock carvings, which followed immediately after the discovery of petroglyphs on Shoirukshin Island by a novice ethnographer.
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Andreyeva, Lyudmila A. "The letter as a component of correspondence in M. Kudryashov’s short story Storm of Letters." Yugra State University Bulletin 12, no. 1 (April 15, 2016): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/byusu201612128-35.
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Many researchers have noted the dialogic structure of the epistolary text. This article analyzes the linguistic realization of constitutive and regulative rules of dialogue-correspondence in Mari writer M. Kudryashov’s short story «Serysh Poran» (Storm of letters), which is compositionally constructed as alternating exchange of letters between main characters. The analysis revealed that modeling of reality is particularly vivid in the correspondence having been described in the short story. The reader learns much about the characters and about the story as a whole from the letters of the characters. Letters are distinguished by the high frequency of forms of address and sentences expressing different emotions and feelings.
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Haidamakina, D., O. Drobysheva, V. Abrosymova, and N. Syrotenko. "RESEARCH OF LETTERLESS SIGNATURES TO SOLVE IDENTIFICATION PROBLEMS." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 66 (2021): 932–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2020.66.68.
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Based on the analysis of the literature and expert practice on the study of letterless signatures, theoretical knowledge was systematized in relation to the study of this type of objects in order to solve identification problems, certain patterns and ways of forming letterless signatures were established, and the structure of the process of solving the identification problem was determined. The authors have proposed certain criteria by which one could testify about the stability of features in letterless signatures. Unlike handwritten notes, any signature is made not in order to convey certain thoughts to the reader, but in order to verify the identity of the writer, since the signature is a verification mark. When making handwritten notes, the writer tries to make letters and numbers in a form that would not cause the reader to doubt what words and numbers they represent. When executing the signature, the performer does not strive for such a goal and only wants to convince the reader that the signature was made by a specific person. These circumstances explain the wide distribution of signatures, which entirely or for the most part consist of letterless strokes. To clarify the nature of the graphic material contained in letterless signatures, it is essential to know the ways of its formation. First, most often letterless signatures are applied by simplifying letter signatures. The signature, first produced in letterform, is gradually simplified in the process of its frequent application, and the strokes lose its original appearance. The combinations of strokes, although they are random on the outside, however, according to the artist’s intention, correspond to certain letters and its combinations and can be interpreted by it. The second way to form letterless signatures is to deliberately complicate or simplify letters in the process of developing signatures, which leads to the impossibility of reading what is written. Additional ornate strokes are added to the letters, the letters are applied upside down, sometimes elements of different letters merge, forming monograms. This is usually done to make it more difficult to forge a signature. Thirdly, a letterless signature can be made by drawing strokes, which, according to the artist’s intention, do not correspond to any strokes of the letters. A peculiar kind of this way of forming a signature is imitation of the signature of another person bearing a different surname. In the process of analyzing the literature and expert practice, the authors of this article established that the study of letterless signatures can and should be based on the same basic principles as the study of handwritten records and letter signatures. It should be noted that the study of letterless signatures has a number of features, in particular, one should take into account not the transcription of signatures, but the composition, shape and mutual arrangement of strokes, that is, the general construction of signatures. When examining such objects, an expert encounters a difficulty, expressed in the absence of that unit, those elements of the signature, in relation to which it is possible to study particular features. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account a number of points that the authors mentioned in this work. In addition, the authors of the article drew attention to the peculiarities of the preparation by the investigator and the court of materials for the examination by letterless signatures.
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Kyle, Keith. "Two kings in Arabia: Sir Reader Bullard's letters from Jeddah." International Affairs 71, no. 1 (January 1995): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2624059.
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Druce, Robert. "The vanishing reader: The changing role of letters in paintings." Word & Image 4, no. 1 (January 1988): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02666286.1988.10436234.
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Janßen, Martina. "Die Themistoklesbriefe zwischen Fälschung und Fiktion – Zur Relevanz griechischer Brieffiktionen für die neutestamentliche Pseudepigraphiefrage." Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft 111, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 161–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znw-2020-0008.
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AbstractPseudepigraphy is a widespread and complex phenomenon in ancient Greek culture. Numerous letters are attributed to famous historical figures, especially in the first and second century. The letters of Themistocles offer a useful case study of pseudepigraphy of this kind. The purpose of the letters is still under discussion. Several interpretations are proposed by scholars (sometimes combined with one another), e. g. worthless forgery, epistolary novel, prosopopoiia, fictional self-biography. One of the most interesting questions is whether there is any evidence for a “fictional contract” between author and reader (“open” pseudepigraphy, epistolary fictions). In many respects, research on the letters of Themistocles and related literature may open up new perspectives for the study of New Testament pseudepigraphy.
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Abu Joloud, Assist Prof Dr Suhair Salih. "The Culture of Correspondence in The Novel ( The Shadow of the Snake) by Youssif Zaidan." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 214, no. 1 (September 1, 2015): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v214i1.617.
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This study talks about the novel (The Shadow of the Snake) which revolves around the women and their position in the cultures and literature, and the reality of the sacred status of women in the old religions and civilizations after being insulted and abused in the inherited customs and traditions. The novel tackles a two- part text. The first part deals with a stereo type of an Arab husband: arrogant and cruel .The second part is about the wife who is introduced to her mother through a collection of letters. Finding these letters is a major turning point in the novel; it is the climax by which the main character is introduced to the real status of women. The letters contain old songs and religious rhymes inspired by the folklore and through which we (the readers) are introduced to the etymology of different words and concepts. This novel presents a unique type of narration based on the technique of correspondence due to its impact on the reader and its role in deducing the connotative meanings. The novel is open to endless readings and it puts women in their right places ; using a civilized strategy and a right religious prospective.
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Pieroni, Andrea. "Letters and Comments Reader Ponders Trade in Salep (Ground Orchid Bulbs)." Economic Botany 54, no. 2 (April 2000): 138–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02907815.
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Nerle, P. M. "‘People and good books make me happy’. Ekaterina Livshits’ letters to Aleksandr Deich and Evgenia Deich-Malkina." Voprosy literatury, no. 5 (December 19, 2018): 298–377. http://dx.doi.org/10.31425/0042-8795-2018-5-298-377.
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At the core of this publication are letters written by E. Livshits (1902–1987), the widow of B. Livshits, to her close friends: literary critic A. Deich (1893–1972), whom she knew ever since her Kiev days, and his wife E. Deich-Malkina (1919–2014). Kept at the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art, this epistolary collection spans over 20 years, starting from 1967. Along with accounts of private circumstances, each letter contains accounts related to B. Livshits, Osip and Nadezhda Mandelstam, I. Nappelbaum, A. Shadrin, and others. At the same time, E. Livshits’ comments and descriptions of people and literary works are very lifelike and fascinating. On the whole, the reader gets a picture of the period and certain literary process, viewed by a sophisticated connoisseur rather than squinted at by an aging disenfranchised widow of an executed writer. The publication is prefaced by P. Nerler, who collected and prepared the book of letters and reminiscences of E. Livshits, to be printed by Elena Shubina Publishers (AST).
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Karatepe, Çiğdem. "Hedged Turkish complaints and requests in the Problem-Solution text pattern." Pragmatics and Society 12, no. 3 (July 5, 2021): 488–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.18051.kar.
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Abstract This study investigates to what extent Turkish formal complaint letters followed the ‘Problem-Solution Pattern’ (Hoey 1983), and on how the writers expressed their wishes when they explained their problem and asked the authorities to amend a mistake. The study is based on a corpus of 134 Turkish complaint letters. It draws upon Flowerdew’s (2008, 2012) approach to the problem-solution pattern and the role of clause relations in this text pattern. Results showed that age-old Turkish rhetorical norms led writers’ choice of lexico-grammatical patterns in reflecting politeness in order to maintain their own and the recipients’ faces. The speech acts (complaint and request) in the ‘Problem and Solution’ parts below were hedged and impersonalized. The Turkish traditional rhetorical formula that was used in the request does not explicitly ask the reader to do something; in this way, the writers attempt to protect both their own face and that of the reader.
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Rutkowska, Małgorzata. "“My lot is cast in with my sex and country”: Generic Conventions, Gender Anxieties and American Identity in Emma Hart Willard’s and Catherine Maria Sedgwick’s Travel Letters." Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies, no. 27/1 (September 17, 2018): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/0860-5734.27.1.04.
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The article analyses generic conventions, gender constraints and authorial self-definition in two ante-bellum American travel accounts – Emma Hart Willard’s Journal and Letters, from France and Great Britain (1833) and Catharine Maria Sedgwick’s Letters from Abroad to Kindred at Home (1841). Emma Hart Willard, a pioneer in women’s higher education and Catharine Maria Sedgwick, an author of sentimental novels, were influential figures of the Early Republic, active in the literary public sphere. Narrative personas adopted in their travel letters have been shaped by the authors’ national identity on the one hand and by ideals of republican motherhood, which they propagated, on the other. Both travelogues are preceded with apologies filled with self-deprecating rhetoric, typical for women’s travel writing in the early 19th century and both are intended to instruct the American reader. Other conventional features of American antebellum travel writing include comparisons between British and American government and society with a view of extolling the latter as well as avid interest in social status and public activities of European women. Willard and Sedgwick deal with possible gender anxieties of their upper middle-class female readers by assuring them that following one’s literary or educational vocation in the public sphere does necessarily mean compromising ideals of true womanhood in private life.
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Mason, Margaret J. "Nuns and Vocations of the Unpublished Jerningham Letters: Charlotte Bedingfield, Augustinian Canoness (1802–1876), Louisa Jerningham, Franciscan Abbess (1808–1893), and Clementina Jerningham, Marquise de Ripert-Monclar (1810–1864)." Recusant History 21, no. 4 (October 1993): 503–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200005677.
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Egerton Castle’s 1896 two-volume edition of The Jerningham Letters (1780–1843), Excerpts from the Correspondence and Diaries of the Honourable Lady Jerningham and of her Daughter Lady Bedingfield was based on the sixteen bound volumes of manuscript letters received and kept by Lady Bedingfield. These volumes are now housed at the University of Birmingham. Many of the letters from Lady Jerningham, her family and friends, were cut drastically for publication; a reader of the manuscript volumes will see Egerton Castle’s red and blue editorial marks on the letters themselves. Other letters, dealing with matchmaking, finances, family problems, the upbringing of children, and religious vocations, were omitted altogether. One striking omission is the series of letters from Lady Bedingfield’s youngest daughter Charlotte, ranging from the time in 1815 when she was a pensioner at Hammersmith making her first communion, to her announcement in 1824 that she had just been voted to her profession at Bruges. She called herself the happiest of Lady Bedingfield’s children and was an Augustinian Canoness at Bruges for over fifty years.