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Journal articles on the topic 'Read-Out electronics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 January 2025

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1

Arfelli, F., V. Bonvicini, A. Bravin, G. Cantatore, E. Castelli, P. Cristaudo, M. Di Michiel, et al. "SYRMEP front-end and read-out electronics." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 409, no. 1-3 (May 1998): 351–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(97)01297-7.

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2

Drung, Dietmar. "High-performance DC SQUID read-out electronics." Physica C: Superconductivity 368, no. 1-4 (March 2002): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4534(01)01154-6.

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3

Censier, B., A. Benoit, G. Bres, F. Charlieu, J. Gascon, J. Gironnet, M. Grollier, et al. "EDELWEISS Read-out Electronics and Future Prospects." Journal of Low Temperature Physics 167, no. 5-6 (February 3, 2012): 645–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10909-012-0568-9.

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4

Junique, A., M. Mager, L. Musa, and A. Ur Rehman. "Upgrade of the ALICE-TPC read-out electronics." Journal of Instrumentation 5, no. 12 (December 15, 2010): C12026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/5/12/c12026.

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5

Gatti, F., V. Lagomarsino, P. Musico, M. Pallavicini, A. Razeto, G. Testera, and S. Vitale. "The Borexino read out electronics and trigger system." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 461, no. 1-3 (April 2001): 474–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(00)01275-4.

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6

Navickas, R., and V. Barzdenas. "The Hybrid Pixel Sensors and Read-Out Electronics." Solid State Phenomena 113 (June 2006): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.113.453.

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Hybrid pixel sensors (detectors) have shown to be a valid alternative to other types of Xray imaging devices due to their high sensitivity, linear behavior and wide dynamic range, and low noise. One important feature of these devices is the fact that detectors and readout electronics are manufactured separately. The charge created by the interaction of X-ray photons in the sensor is very small and has to be amplified in a low-noise circuit before any further signal processing. The signal induced on the electrodes of the sensor is transferred to the readout chip, where it is integrated in a charge sensitive amplifier. The issue reviews on physical principles of operation and design of the hybrid pixel sensors developed on the basis of the silicon CMOS and GaAs MESFETtechnologies. The authors have designed GaAs charge sensitive amplifiers for hybrid pixel detectors and show the results of a simulation.

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7

Cherepanov, A. A., I. L. Novikov, and V. Yu Vasilyev. "Read-Out Electronics for dc-SQUID Magnetometers. Part 2. Read-Out Systems and their Limitations." Nano- i Mikrosistemnaya Tehnika 21, no. 4 (April 26, 2019): 231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/nmst.21.231-246.

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8

Cherepanov, A. A., I. L. Novikov, and V. Yu Vasiliev. "Read-Out Electronics for dc-SQUID Magnetometers. Part 3. Semiconductor Cryogenic Electronics." Nano- i Mikrosistemnaya Tehnika 21, no. 5 (May 30, 2019): 298–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/nmst.21.298-309.

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9

Polushkin, V., M. Wallis, D. Glowacka, A. Matthews, and J. M. Lumley. "A miniature SQUID magnetometer with direct read-out electronics." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 7, no. 2 (June 1997): 1053–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/77.614702.

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10

Vorobiov, S., F. Feinstein, J. Bolmont, P. Corona, E. Delagnes, A. Falvard, D. Gascón, et al. "Optimizing read-out of the NECTAr front-end electronics." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 695 (December 2012): 394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2011.10.048.

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11

Gatti, F., and L. Parodi. "The low-noise read-out electronics of the experiment." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 444, no. 1-2 (April 2000): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(99)01344-3.

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12

Stefanovitch, D., G. Epstein, P. Puget, R. Knoll, R. Picault, and Y. Carpentier. "Cold read-out electronics for a spaceborne infrared camera." Cryogenics 32, no. 4 (January 1992): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(92)90061-e.

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13

Gallin-Martel, L., P. Aguayo de Hoyos, L. Eraud, J. Marin Muñoz, G. Martinez Botella, and J. Pouxe. "The read-out electronics of the AMS prototype RICH detector." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 504, no. 1-3 (May 2003): 273–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(03)00776-9.

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14

Oukhanski, N., R. Stolz, V. Zakosarenko, and H. G. Meyer. "Low-drift broadband directly coupled dc SQUID read-out electronics." Physica C: Superconductivity 368, no. 1-4 (March 2002): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4534(01)01160-1.

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15

Dudaicevs, H., M. Kandler, Y. Manoli, W. Mokwa, and E. Spiegel. "Surface micromachined pressure sensors with integrated CMOS read-out electronics." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 43, no. 1-3 (May 1994): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-4247(94)80002-2.

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16

Lutsenko, Evgenii. "Alternative digital filltering scheme for LumiCal read-out." EPJ Web of Conferences 201 (2019): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920104004.

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The LumiCal electromagnetic calorimeter is designed for the forward region of future electron-positron colliders, such as CLIC and ILC. It is intended to improve hermeticity of detectors by detecting electrons, positrons, and photons at small angles. Currently, the detector prototypes are studied in the beam test conditions. An important part of the signal processing is the digital filltering implemented in the read-out electronics, influencing the precision and quality of gathered data. In this article two schemes of digital filltering of gathered signal from test beam for the LumiCal detector prototype are presented.

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17

Srivastava, S., C. Labanti, L. Amati, R. Campana, E. Virgilli, E. Marchesini, E. Borciani, et al. "The XGIS instrument on-board THESEUS: detector principle and read-out electronics." Journal of Instrumentation 19, no. 02 (February 1, 2024): C02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/02/c02005.

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Abstract The functionality and experimental performance characterization of the latest four channel version of ORION ASIC, a very low noise multichip read out and processing electronics customized for the X and Gamma Imaging Spectrometer (XGIS) instrument onboard the Transient High-Energy Sky and Early Universe Surveyor (THESEUS) mission, is presented. XGIS is a set of two coded-masked wide field deep sky cameras using monolithic SDDs (Silicon Drift Detectors) and CsI:Tl (Thallium doped-Cesium Iodide) scintillator-based X-γ ray detectors. This paper highlights the design, working principle and the expected performances of the XGIS, on a small scale 2×2 prototype. Furthermore, the evolution timeline of different versions of ORION with detailed performance observations and analysis for spectroscopic resolution, electronic noise and the operational linear energy ranges of both X and the γ processors of the four-pixel ASIC version bonded to a 2×2 SDD array are emphasized. Each 2×2 SDD array element is electrically and dimensionally equivalent to single elements of the THESEUS 8×8 SDD array.

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18

D’Andrea, Valerio. "Read-out Electronics and Signal Processing in GERDA and Future Prospects." EPJ Web of Conferences 225 (2020): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202022501006.

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The GERDA experiment searches for the neutrinoless double beta decay of 76Ge. The experiment is using 36 kg of high-purity germanium detectors, simultaneously as source and detector, deployed into ultra-pure cryogenic liquid argon. GERDA is one the leading experiment in the field, reporting the highest sensitivity on the half-life of 0νββ decay with 1.1·1026 yr, the lowest background index with 6·10−4 cts/(keV·kg·yr) and an excellent energy resolution of 0.12% (FWHM). The search for the 0νββ decay of the isotope 76Ge will be continued in the next years by the LEGEND-200 experiment, that aims to reach a sensitivity up to 1027 yr using 200 kg of enriched HPGe detectors. The preparation of this experiment already started. The basic concepts of the GERDA read-out electronics, obeying both the severe requirements of ultra high radio-purity and cryogenic operation, are summarized. For LEGEND-200 a new electronics design, including a separation of the preamplifier in two stages, has been already designed and realized: results from tests are presented. Additionally, we will introduce the digital signal processing adopted for the energy reconstruction in GERDA and a new implementation of an optimum digital filter by means of the DPLMS method. This method are discussed and the first application to GERDA data are presented.

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19

Bacchetta, N., D. Bisello, C. Calgarotto, A. Candelori, and A. Paccagnella. "A SPICE model for Si microstrip detectors and read-out electronics." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 43, no. 3 (June 1996): 1213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/23.506666.

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20

Moilanen, Ville, Antti Kemppainen, Jouko Malinen, Markku Känsäkoski, and Ralf Marbach. "Multiplexed read-out electronics implemented on LTCC substrate for PbS array." Measurement Science and Technology 15, no. 11 (October 1, 2004): 2188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/15/11/002.

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21

Abbon, P., M. Alexeev, H. Angerer, R. Birsa, P. Bordalo, F. Bradamante, A. Bressan, et al. "Read-out electronics for fast photon detection with COMPASS RICH-1." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 587, no. 2-3 (March 2008): 371–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2007.12.026.

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22

Kluge, A. "The ALICE silicon pixel detector front-end and read-out electronics." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 560, no. 1 (May 2006): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2005.11.235.

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23

Engemann, D., R. Faymonville, R. Felten, O. Frenzl, K. Meyer, A. Sohn, B. Dierickx, and J. Vermeiren. "Infrared detector arrays with multiplexing cryogenic read-out electronics for isophot." Infrared Physics 29, no. 2-4 (May 1989): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-0891(89)90056-0.

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24

Bouchel, M., S. Callier, F. Dulucq, J. Fleury, J. J. Jaeger, C. de La Taille, G. Martin-Chassard, and L. Raux. "SPIROC (SiPM Integrated Read-Out Chip): dedicated very front-end electronics for an ILC prototype hadronic calorimeter with SiPM read-out." Journal of Instrumentation 6, no. 01 (January 26, 2011): C01098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/6/01/c01098.

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25

Sharifi, Leila, Marcello De Matteis, Hubert Kroha, Robert Richter, and Andrea Baschirotto. "Time-Variant Front-End Read-Out Electronics for High-Data-Rate Detectors." Electronics 10, no. 13 (June 24, 2021): 1528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10131528.

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The foreseen incremental luminosity for near-future high-energy physics experiments demands evolution for the read-out electronics in terms of event data-rate. However, the filtering necessary to reject noise and meet the signal-to-noise-ratio requirements imposes a restriction on the operational speed of the conventional read-out electronics. The stringent trade-off between signal-to-noise-ratio and the event data-rate originates from the time-invariant behavior of the conventional systems. In this paper, the cases of time-variant systems are addressed, studying a benchmark with the RC-CR shaping function used in time-over-threshold methods. It was demonstrated that the time-variant systems enable a higher data-rate for the given noise performance. Moreover, taking advantage of time-variant systems, the proposed rising-edge method enables further data-rate enhancement with respect to the traditional time-over-threshold technique by reading the data from the rising edge of the analog output waveform. A comparison between the conventional time-invariant time-over-threshold technique, its time-variant equivalent and rising-edge method confirms the better performance of the latter one in terms of data-rate enhancement for a target noise performance. Moreover, design challenges for time-variant systems are briefly discussed, considering the ATLAS Monitored Drift Tube detector as a design case.

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26

Allport, P. P., P. S. L. Booth, T. J. V. Bowcock, G. Casse, A. Greenall, S. Marti i Garcia, J. N. Jackson, et al. "Radiation hardness of oxygenated microstrip detectors read out with LHC speed electronics." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 48, no. 4 (2001): 1007–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/23.958714.

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27

Gola, A., G. Pessina, P. G. Rancoita, and G. Terzi. "Monolithic read-out electronics for the silicon calorimeters at SSC/LHC colliders." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 23, no. 1 (July 1991): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5632(91)90050-o.

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28

Drung, Dietmar. "Improved dc SQUID read-out electronics with low 1/f noise preamplifier." Review of Scientific Instruments 68, no. 11 (November 1997): 4066–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148348.

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29

Bedoya, C. F., J. Marin, J. C. Oller, and C. Willmott. "Electronics for the CMS muon drift tube chambers: the read-out minicrate." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 52, no. 4 (August 2005): 944–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2005.852698.

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30

Drung, D., S. Bechstein, K. P. Franke, M. Scheiner, and Th Schurig. "Improved direct-coupled dc SQUID read-out electronics with automatic bias voltage tuning." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 11, no. 1 (March 2001): 880–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/77.919485.

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31

Zhao, Zhixiang, Qiu Huang, Zheng Gong, Zhihong Su, William W. Moses, Jianfeng Xu, and Qiyu Peng. "A Novel Read-Out Electronics Design Based on 1-Bit Sigma-Delta Modulation." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 64, no. 2 (February 2017): 820–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2017.2648787.

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32

Alozy, J. A., N. V. Biesuz, M. Campbell, V. Cavallini, A. Cotta Ramusino, M. Fiorini, M. Guarise, and X. Llopart Cudie. "Development of a single-photon imaging detector with pixelated anode and integrated digital read-out." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 06 (June 1, 2022): C06007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/06/c06007.

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Abstract We present the development of a single-photon detector and the connected read-out electronics. This “hybrid” detector is based on a vacuum tube, transmission photocathode, microchannel plate and a pixelated CMOS read-out anode encapsulating the analog and digital-front end electronics. This assembly will be capable of detecting up to 109 photons per second with simultaneous measurement of position and time. The pixelated read-out anode used is based on the Timepix4 ASIC (65 nm CMOS technology) designed in the framework of the Medipix4 collaboration. This ASIC is an array of 512 × 448 pixels distributed on a 55 μm square pitch, with a sensitive area of ∼7 cm2. It features 50–70 e− equivalent noise charge, a maximum rate of 2.5 Ghits/s, and allows to time-stamp the leading-edge time and to measure the Time-over-Threshold (ToT) for each pixel. The pixel-cluster position combined with its ToT information will allow to reach 5–10 μm position resolution. This information can also be used to correct for the leading-edge time-walk achieving a timing resolution of the order of 10 ps. The detector will be highly compact thanks to the encapsulated front-end electronics allowing local data processing and digitization. An FPGA-based data acquisition board, placed far from the detector, will receive the detector hits using 16 electro-optical links operated at 10.24 Gbps. The data acquisition board will decode the information and store the relevant data in a server for offline analysis. These performance will allow significant advances in particle physics, life sciences, quantum optics or other emerging fields where the detection of single photons with excellent timing and position resolutions are simultaneously required.

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33

Belli, P., A. Bussolotti, V. Caracciolo, R. Cerulli, C. J. Dai, and X. H. Ma. "The electronics and DAQ system in DAMA/LIBRA." International Journal of Modern Physics A 31, no. 31 (November 2, 2016): 1642005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x16420057.

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34

Cherepanov, A. A., I. L. Novikov, and V. Yu Vasilyev. "Считывающая электроника для СКВИД-магнитометров постоянного тока. Часть 1. Магнитометры постоянного тока и их ограничения." Nano- i Mikrosistemnaya Tehnika 21, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/nmst.21.40-51.

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35

Cattaneo, P. W., D. Hauf, G. Lutz, W. D. Zwink, and W. Buttler. "Radiation hardness tests on the read out electronics chain of the ALEPH minivertex detector." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 23, no. 1 (July 1991): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5632(91)90063-k.

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36

Oikonomou, P., A. Botsialas, A. Olziersky, D. Goustouridis, A. Speliotis, I. Raptis, and M. Sanopoulou. "Chemocapacitive sensor arrays on Si substrate: Towards the hybrid integration with read-out electronics." Microelectronic Engineering 119 (May 2014): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2014.02.007.

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37

Marano, Davide, Giovanni Bonanno, Salvatore Garozzo, Alessandro Grillo, and Giuseppe Romeo. "New Improved Model and Accurate Analytical Response of SiPMs Coupled to Read-Out Electronics." IEEE Sensors Journal 16, no. 1 (January 2016): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2015.2464077.

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38

Aschenbrenner, Bernhard, and Bernhard G. Zagar. "Contactless high frequency inductive position sensor with DSP read out electronics utilizing band-pass sampling." ACTA IMEKO 3, no. 3 (September 23, 2014): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v3i3.76.

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This paper presents a precise, reliable, low cost and contactless inductive absolute position measurement system for rough industrial environments. It offers a high inherent resolution (0.04 % of antenna length), and measures absolute position over a relative wide measurement range. The main property for this kind of sensor is its good immunity to external noise and target misalignment off the measurement axis. The measurement range and the precision are extended by adding additional and finer pitched receive coils. This sensor works on similar principles as resolvers but consists of a rectangular antenna PCB, a small moveable passive LC resonant circuit and a signal processing unit. Furthermore, the used read out electronics utilizes under-sampling to demodulate the sensor output signals and the corresponding position is estimated from a lookup table (LUT) implemented on a digital signal processor (DSP) to avoid singularities in the inverse tangent and cotangent calculation. Moreover, the mechanical transducer arrangement, the signal condition electronics design and measurement results of the transmitter to receiver signal coupling and relative position error will be presented.

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39

Wiebusch, Michael, Henning Heggen, and Michael Heil. "A custom discrete amplifier-shaper-discriminator circuit for the drift chambers of the R3B experiment at GSI." Journal of Instrumentation 19, no. 01 (January 1, 2024): C01044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/01/c01044.

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Abstract This contribution presents a pragmatic approach to read-out electronics for drift chambers used in particle physics experiments, specifically for the R3B experiment at GSI. The design uses discrete miniature SMD components and LVDS inputs of a low-cost FPGA to achieve a performance similar to classic ASIC solutions to the problem. The circuit comprises a high gain, low noise amplifier, a custom signal shaper, tailored to the specifics of proportional counter signals, and a leading-edge discriminator with programmable threshold. The presented approach offers an attractive solution for small to medium sized detector systems that require specialized read-out electronics but cannot afford the high cost and development effort associated with ASICs.

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40

Zubrzycka, W., and P. Grybos. "Optimization of low-noise read-out electronics for high energy resolution X-ray strip detectors." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 01 (January 1, 2023): C01033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/01/c01033.

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Abstract Semiconductor strip sensors applied as solid-state radiation or particle detectors can be used in radiation detection and measurement for various applications in particle physics experiments, X-ray imaging (e.g. medical), or material science. The X-ray imaging devices with spectroscopic and position resolution features are a very important research topic at many institutes and companies worldwide. Short strip silicon detectors are good candidates for X-ray spectroscopy, because of their relatively small capacitance and leakage current. If additionally, strip pitch is below 100 μm, then the high spatial resolution is also possible. In this paper, the analysis and noise optimization of the read-out electronics for short silicon strip detectors with Charge Sensitive Amplifier (CSA) and shaping amplifier (shaper) is presented. The CSA is optimized for the detector capacitance of around 1.5 pF, and the shaper nominal peaking time is about 1 μs (controlled by the sets of switches). We take into account the sources of noise in a radiation imaging system (current parallel noise, voltage series noise, and 1/f or flicker series noise) both internal (related to the front-end electronics itself) but also external, stemming from a sensor, interconnect, or printed circuit board parasitic components. We target the noise level below 40 el. rms, considering low power consumption (a few mW) and limited channel area.

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41

Liang, Y. X., Q. Dong, U. Gennser, A. Cavanna, and Y. Jin. "Specific HEMTs for deep cryogenic high-impedance ultra low low-frequency noise read-out electronics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 400, no. 5 (December 17, 2012): 052015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/400/5/052015.

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42

Köhler, C., M. B. Schubert, B. Lutz, J. H. Werner, J. Alberdi, P. Arce, J. M. Barcala, et al. "Construction process and read-out electronics of amorphous silicon position detectors for multipoint alignment monitoring." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 608, no. 1 (September 2009): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2009.06.058.

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43

Kernasovskiy, S. A., S. E. Kuenstner, E. Karpel, Z. Ahmed, D. D. Van Winkle, S. Smith, J. Dusatko, et al. "SLAC Microresonator Radio Frequency (SMuRF) Electronics for Read Out of Frequency-Division-Multiplexed Cryogenic Sensors." Journal of Low Temperature Physics 193, no. 3-4 (May 30, 2018): 570–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10909-018-1981-5.

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44

Paramonov, Alexander. "FELIX: the Detector Interface for the ATLAS Experiment at CERN." EPJ Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125104006.

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The Front-End Link eXchange (FELIX) system is an interface between the trigger and detector electronics and commodity switched networks for the ATLAS experiment at CERN. In preparation for the LHC Run 3, to start in 2022, the system is being installed to read out the new electromagnetic calorimeter, calorimeter trigger, and muon components being installed as part of the ongoing ATLAS upgrade programme. The detector and trigger electronic systems are largely custom and fully synchronous with respect to the 40.08 MHz clock of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The FELIX system uses FPGAs on server-hosted PCIe boards to pass data between custom data links connected to the detector and trigger electronics and host system memory over a PCIe interface then route data to network clients, such as the Software Readout Drivers (SW ROD), via a dedicated software platform running on these machines. The SW RODs build event fragments, buffer data, perform detector-specific processing and provide data for the ATLAS High Level Trigger. The FELIX approach takes advantage of modern FPGAs and commodity computing to reduce the system complexity and effort needed to support data acquisition systems in comparison to previous designs. Future upgrades of the experiment will introduce FELIX to read out all other detector components.

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45

Arcidiacono, R., N. Cartiglia, M. Ferrero, M. Mandurrino, L. Menzio, F. Siviero, V. Sola, and M. Tornago. "High-accuracy 4D particle trackers with resistive silicon detectors (AC-LGADs)." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 03 (March 1, 2022): C03013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/03/c03013.

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Abstract Future particle trackers will have to measure concurrently position and time with unprecedented accuracy, aiming at ∼5 μm and a few 10s ps resolution respectively. A promising good candidate for such a task are the resistive AC-LGADs, solid state silicon sensors of novel design, characterized by an internal moderate gain and an AC-coupled resistive read-out to achieve signal sharing among pads. The sensor design leads to a drastic reduction in the number of read-out channels, has an intrinsic 100% fill factor, and adapts easily to any read-out geometry. This report describes the design challenges, the signal formation and recent test results obtained with the first prototypes. A part is also dedicated to the reconstruction techniques that exploit the distributed nature of the signal, including machine learning. An outlook to a future development for optimized read-out electrodes and electronics is also presented.

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Flemming, H., H. Deppe, and P. Wieczorek. "A family of transient recorder ASICs for detector readout." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 07 (July 1, 2022): C07002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/07/c07002.

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Abstract A set of highly integrated read out ASICs with a common digitising and data acquisition back end but different front ends is currently under development at the GSI electronics department. The concept consists in using an analogue transient recorder stage for an efficient application of the area and power consuming analogue to digital converter. A focus of these ASICs is the read out of detectors with a large dynamic range. Possible applications could be the electromagnetic calorimeter of the PANDA detector or the GEM TPC of the Super-FRS at FAIR.

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Marin, V. N., D. N. Trunov, V. S. Litvin, R. A. Sadykov, and E. V. Altynbaev. "Read-Out System for Thermal Neutron Detectors Based on ZnS(Ag)/LiF Scintillator." Poverhnostʹ. Rentgenovskie, sinhrotronnye i nejtronnye issledovaniâ, no. 8 (December 25, 2024): 20–26. https://doi.org/10.31857/s1028096024080038.

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Neutron scintillation detectors based on ZnS(Ag)/LiF, solid-state photomultipliers, and an organic glass lightguide developed at INR RAS are successfully used in neutron diffractometers facilities at INR RAS as a replacement for standard counters based on 3He. These detectors use optical lightguide with diffuse reflection, which makes it possible to multiply the recorded signal (up to 95 photoelectrons) in comparison with detectors with wavelength shifting fibers. The paper describes 2 types of types of bias circuit for silicon photomultipliers. A method of dynamic bias has been proposed, which makes it possible to reduce the recovery time of a silicon photomultiplier and 8 times increase the loading capacity of neutron detectors. Simulation and comparison of 2 types of preamplifiers showed an increase in the loading capacity. The new electronics makes it possible to increase the loading capacity of the detectors up to 400 kHz. A circuit for digital control of discrimination thresholds has been developed and described. A new data acquisition system for time-of-flight neutron diffractometers for 80 detectors with the possibility of scaling has also been developed.

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Wang, Z. Y., Y. G. Wang, X. Li, Y. X. Zhao, Y. T. Liang, Z. Liang, Y. S. Zhang, Z. B. Tang, and C. Li. "Electronics design for a muon imaging system using triangular plastic scintillators with WLS fiber readouts." Journal of Instrumentation 19, no. 02 (February 1, 2024): P02033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/02/p02033.

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Abstract Muon imaging technology has developed rapidly over the past decades with extensive applications. In many cases, plastic scintillator detectors are preferred because of their high cost performance, ease of processing and robustness in harsh environments. To reduce imaging time and improve imaging quality, detectors tend to have large areas and high position resolutions. The challenge to the electronics for such detectors is to maintain the scale of electronics acceptable while improving the high position resolution of the detector. In this paper, the basic detector unit is a triangular strip of plastic scintillator, each embedded with two wavelength-shifting (WLS) fibers read out by the silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). Since the hit position of muon on the detector is determined by the splitting ratio of the scintillation light on two adjacent scintillator strips, it is necessary the readout electronics has high linearity and low noise. The possibility of the electronics channel multiplexing on the same detector plane is fully explored so that four WLS fibers can be read out by one SiPM realizing 2:1 readout channel compression. Furthermore, since multiple electronics modules are connected by a daisy chain structure, the electronics system is very scalable with its data acquisition system (DAQ) independent of detector size. In addition to detailing the position encoding readout scheme, the design of electronics module and the DAQ system, the electronics system has been implemented and applied to a prototype detector for performance evaluation. Using scintillator strips with 11 mm pitch size, the position resolution of the detector reaches 1.49 mm, which demonstrates that the designed electronics is suitable for the new detector structure, and the combination of the two has a good application prospect in muon imaging.

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Hartbrich, Oskar. "Particle identification in the Belle II experiment." International Journal of Modern Physics A 34, no. 13n14 (May 20, 2019): 1940017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x19400177.

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The Belle II experiment integrates two dedicated particle identification (PID) subdetectors for pion/kaon separation. The Aerogel Ring Image Cherenkov (ARICH) detector is a forward region PID detector based on two layers of aerogel read out by hybrid avalanche photo detectors. The Time of Propagation (TOP) detector is a novel Cherenkov barrel PID system built for the Belle II detector upgrade based on quartz radiator bars read out by Micro-Channel Plate PMTs. The readout electronics of the TOP system are built around a switched capacitor array waveform sampling ASIC operating at 2.7 GSa/s. Acquired waveforms are processed in real time in the front-end electronics, extracting the individual timing of detected photons to better than 100 ps. This contribution presents the concept of the Belle II particle identification systems with a focus on the current status of commissioning, calibration and operation of the Belle II TOP detector.

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Anzorena, M., R. Garcia, J. F. Valdés-Galicia, Y. Matsubara, Y. Itow, T. Sako, T. Kawabata, et al. "Simulation and experimental validation of optimum read-out electronics design for scintillator bar cosmic ray telescope." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 991 (March 2021): 165019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2021.165019.

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