Relevant bibliographies by topics / Reactor

Academic literature on the topic 'Reactor'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Reactor"

1

Franklin, Simon. "Reactor reaction." Physics World 11, no. 5 (May 1998): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/11/5/20.

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Omoregbe, Osaze, Artur Jacek Majewski, and Robert Steinberger-Wilckens. "CO2 Methanation over an Ni/YSZ Catalyst: Impact of Altering the Catalyst Bed Ratio in Two Reactors in Series." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 28 (August 28, 2023): 2841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01282841mtgabs.

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CO2 methanation is a promising method of preventing the wastage of excess energy generated from renewable electricity sources such as wind and solar. The excess energy is used to power an electrolytic cell to produce H2 which is then reacted with CO2 to form CH4 (chemical energy). The stored CH4 can be converted back to electric energy and released into the power grid whenever energy demand exceeds production. To achieve the best result, a suitable catalyst and good reactor design are crucial. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of varying the catalyst ratio in two reactors in series, including water removal, for CO2 methanation over a 10%Ni/YSZ catalyst. The water removal was installed to prevent or minimise the interference effect of water formed in the reactor on the catalyst along the further reactor bed. The results revealed that the reactor configurations with less catalyst in the first reactor compared to the second reactor generally showed better performances. These results can be attributed to the fact that the majority of the water produced in the first reactor was trapped before entering the second reactor since the quantity was small while the reacting species entering reactor 2 had more active sites for the reaction to take place. This study has shown that the ratio of catalysts in multiple reactors connected in series considerably influences the performance of the system. The hydrogenation of CO2 into CH4, also known as CO2 methanation, can help to resolve the problem of safe storage and transportation associated with H2, since CH4 has a higher volumetric energy density [C. Wang, Nano Res. (2023) 1–12, L. Shi, J. Energy Storage. 62 (2023) 106846]. In addition, CO2 methanation is a promising method of preventing the wastage of excess energy generated from renewable sources such as wind and solar. The excess energy is used to power an electrolytic cell to produce H2 which then is reacted with CO2 to form CH4 (chemical energy). The stored CH4 can be converted back to electric energy and released into the power grid whenever energy demand exceeds production, or more generally be used as a substitute for natural gas. The activity of the Ni/YSZ catalyst was examined in two fixed-bed quartz reactors arranged in series with a water trap. The product stream was analysed by gas chromatography. We investigated the effect of varying the catalyst ratio in the two-reactor configuration in series with a water trap for CO2 methanation over the 10%Ni/YSZ catalyst. The water trap was installed to prevent or at least minimise the interference effect of water formed in the first reactor on the catalyst in reactor 2. Many studies have reported that water has a negative effect on the activity of catalysts during CO2 methanation. The water from reactor 1 will compete with other reacting species at the catalyst active sites if not removed before entering reactor 2. For example, Hernandez et al. [Chem. Eng. J. 390 (2020) 124629] reported that the addition of water in the feed caused a negative effect during CO2 methanation. Hashemi et al. [Energies. 14 (2021)] also found that the removal of water significantly improved the average reaction rate within the reactor, leading to an increase in CO2 conversion within a reactor operating at static conditions. It is also believed that the removal of water before the reactant stream enters the second reactor helps to overcome the thermodynamic limitations of conversion [S.E. Hashemi, Energies. 14 (2021)]. The effect of varying the catalyst ratios in two reactors in series with water removal for CO2 methanation over 10%Ni/YSZ catalyst was studied. The water trap was installed to prevent or minimise the interference effect of water formed in reactor 1 on the catalyst in reactor 2. The results revealed that the reactor configurations with less catalyst in the first reactor compared to the second reactor generally showed better performances. These interesting results can be attributed to the fact that as the majority of the water produced in the first reactor was trapped before entering the second reactor, the reacting species entering reactor 2 had more active sites for the reaction to take place, as they were not competing with the water molecules. This resulted in a better overall conversion rate. This study has shown that the ratio of catalysts in multiple reactors connected in series influences the performance of the system, along with the provision of product water removal along the reaction pathway.
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Bankovic-Ilic, Ivana, Marija Miladinovic, and Vlada Veljkovic. "Continuous reciprocating plate and packed bed multiphase reactors in biodiesel production: Advancements and challenges." Chemical Industry, no. 00 (2024): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind230630010b.

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Biodiesel, a renewable and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional fossil fuels, has gained significant attention over the last two decades. Continuous production of biodiesel offers efficiency, productivity, and scalability advantages. This paper provides a concise overview of continuous reactor systems for biodiesel production, focusing on two specific systems-the reciprocating plate reactor and the packed bed reactor-subjects of the authors' extensive research. A thorough comparison of these reactors, spanning biodiesel yield, reaction kinetics, and conversion efficiency, underscores their advantages. The reciprocating plate reactor demonstrates superior mixing characteristics, which improve mass transfer and reaction kinetics. Conversely, the packed bed reactor offers a higher catalyst-to-feedstock ratio and longer residence time, enhancing conversion efficiency. Both reactors exhibit favourable performance for continuous biodiesel production. This research can contribute to understanding continuous biodiesel production using innovative reactor designs. The comparative analysis between the reciprocating plate and packed bed reactors offers valuable insights for process optimization and reactor selection based on specific requirements such as feedstock availability, reaction kinetics, and economic considerations. These insights pave the way for the implementation of sustainable and efficient biodiesel production processes in the future.
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Lu, Ningning, and Donglai Xie. "Novel Membrane Reactor Concepts for Hydrogen Production from Hydrocarbons: A Review." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 14, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2015-0050.

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AbstractMembrane reactors are attracting increasing attention for ultrapure hydrogen production from fossil fuel, integrating catalytic reaction and separation processes into one single unit thus can realize the removal of hydrogen or introduction of reactant in situ, which removes the thermodynamic bottleneck and improves hydrogen yield and selectivity. In this review, the state-of-the-art concepts for hydrogen production through membrane reactors are introduced, mainly including fixed bed membrane reactors, fluidized bed membrane reactors, and micro-channel membrane reactors, referring higher hydrocarbons as feedstock, such as ethanol, propane, or heptane; novel heating methods, like solar energy realized through molten salt; new modular designs, including panel and tubular configurations; ultra-compact micro-channel designs; carbon dioxide capture with chemical looping; multifuel processors for liquid and/or solid hydrocarbons; etc. Recent developments and commercialization hurdles for each type of membrane reactor are summarized. Modeling the reactor is fundamental to explore complex hydrodynamics in reactor systems, meaningful to investigate the effects of some important operating factors on reactor performances. Researches for reactor modeling are also discussed. Reaction kinetics for hydrocarbons reforming and reactor hydrodynamics are summarized respectively. Cold model is introduced to investigate physical phenomena in reactors.
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Elmaleh, S., T. I. Yoon, and A. Grasmick. "Influence of Macromixing on Organic Carbon Uptake and Solids Production by Aerobic Suspended Biomass." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 2-3 (February 1, 1985): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0131.

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The influence of macromixing on organic carbon uptake by aerobic suspended biomass has been investigated using two reactors operated in parallel, i.e. a perfectly mixed reactor and a compartmented reactor. Conversion determined on filtrated samples is identical in both of the reactors but with less solids production in the low-dispersed reactor. The reaction rate established on the perfectly mixed reactor shows an apparent first-order with influence of inlet concentration but this relation cannot be used in a mass balance over the compartmented reactor.
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Kong, Rui, Lingen Chen, Shaojun Xia, Penglei Li, and Yanlin Ge. "Minimization of Entropy Generation Rate in Hydrogen Iodide Decomposition Reactor Heated by High-Temperature Helium." Entropy 23, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23010082.

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The thermochemical sulfur-iodine cycle is a potential method for hydrogen production, and the hydrogen iodide (HI) decomposition is the key step to determine the efficiency of hydrogen production in the cycle. To further reduce the irreversibility of various transmission processes in the HI decomposition reaction, a one-dimensional plug flow model of HI decomposition tubular reactor is established, and performance optimization with entropy generate rate minimization (EGRM) in the decomposition reaction system as an optimization goal based on finite-time thermodynamics is carried out. The reference reactor is heated counter-currently by high-temperature helium gas, the optimal reactor and the modified reactor are designed based on the reference reactor design parameters. With the EGRM as the optimization goal, the optimal control method is used to solve the optimal configuration of the reactor under the condition that both the reactant inlet state and hydrogen production rate are fixed, and the optimal value of total EGR in the reactor is reduced by 13.3% compared with the reference value. The reference reactor is improved on the basis of the total EGR in the optimal reactor, two modified reactors with increased length are designed under the condition of changing the helium inlet state. The total EGR of the two modified reactors are the same as that of the optimal reactor, which are realized by decreasing the helium inlet temperature and helium inlet flow rate, respectively. The results show that the EGR of heat transfer accounts for a large proportion, and the decrease of total EGR is mainly caused by reducing heat transfer irreversibility. The local total EGR of the optimal reactor distribution is more uniform, which approximately confirms the principle of equipartition of entropy production. The EGR distributions of the modified reactors are similar to that of the reference reactor, but the reactor length increases significantly, bringing a relatively large pressure drop. The research results have certain guiding significance to the optimum design of HI decomposition reactors.
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Kong, Rui, Lingen Chen, Shaojun Xia, Penglei Li, and Yanlin Ge. "Minimization of Entropy Generation Rate in Hydrogen Iodide Decomposition Reactor Heated by High-Temperature Helium." Entropy 23, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23010082.

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The thermochemical sulfur-iodine cycle is a potential method for hydrogen production, and the hydrogen iodide (HI) decomposition is the key step to determine the efficiency of hydrogen production in the cycle. To further reduce the irreversibility of various transmission processes in the HI decomposition reaction, a one-dimensional plug flow model of HI decomposition tubular reactor is established, and performance optimization with entropy generate rate minimization (EGRM) in the decomposition reaction system as an optimization goal based on finite-time thermodynamics is carried out. The reference reactor is heated counter-currently by high-temperature helium gas, the optimal reactor and the modified reactor are designed based on the reference reactor design parameters. With the EGRM as the optimization goal, the optimal control method is used to solve the optimal configuration of the reactor under the condition that both the reactant inlet state and hydrogen production rate are fixed, and the optimal value of total EGR in the reactor is reduced by 13.3% compared with the reference value. The reference reactor is improved on the basis of the total EGR in the optimal reactor, two modified reactors with increased length are designed under the condition of changing the helium inlet state. The total EGR of the two modified reactors are the same as that of the optimal reactor, which are realized by decreasing the helium inlet temperature and helium inlet flow rate, respectively. The results show that the EGR of heat transfer accounts for a large proportion, and the decrease of total EGR is mainly caused by reducing heat transfer irreversibility. The local total EGR of the optimal reactor distribution is more uniform, which approximately confirms the principle of equipartition of entropy production. The EGR distributions of the modified reactors are similar to that of the reference reactor, but the reactor length increases significantly, bringing a relatively large pressure drop. The research results have certain guiding significance to the optimum design of HI decomposition reactors.
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Popa, Simona, Andra Tamas, Vasile Simulescu, Dorin Jurcau, Sorina Boran, and Giannin Mosoarca. "A Novel Approach of Bioesters Synthesis through Different Technologies by Highlighting the Lowest Energetic Consumption One." Polymers 13, no. 23 (November 30, 2021): 4190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13234190.

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Fatty acids esters have a wide application as bioplasticizers and biolubricants in different industries, obtained mainly in classic batch reactors, through an equilibrium complex reaction, that involves high temperatures, long reaction times, vigorously stirring, and much energy consumption. To overcome these shortcomings, we synthesized a series of fatty acid esters (soybean oil fatty acids being the acid components with various hydroxyl compounds) through novel low energy consumption technologies using a bubble column reactor, a microwave field reactor and for comparison meaning, a classic batch reactor. The obtained bioesters physicochemical properties were similar to one another, a good concordance among their rheological properties was obtained, but the energetic consumption is lower when using the bubble column or the microwave reactors instead of the classical batch reactor.
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Selvamony, Subash Chandra Bose. "Kinetics and Product Selectivity (Yield) of Second Order Competitive Consecutive Reactions in Fed-Batch Reactor and Plug Flow Reactor." ISRN Chemical Engineering 2013 (September 12, 2013): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/591546.

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This literature compares the performance of second order competitive consecutive reaction in Fed-Batch Reactor with that in continuous Plug Flow Reactor. In a kinetic sense, this simulation study aims to develop a case for continuous Plug Flow Reactor in pharmaceutical, fine chemical, and related other chemical industries. MATLAB is used to find solutions for the differential equations. The simulation results show that, for certain cases of nonelementary scenario, product selectivity is higher in Plug Flow Reactor than Fed-Batch Reactor despite the fact that it is the same in both the reactors for elementary reaction. The effect of temperature and concentration gradients is beyond the scope of this literature.
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Smith, R. C., and D. B. Oerther. "Microbial community development in a laboratory-scale nitrifying activated sludge system with input from a side-stream bioreactor treating digester supernatant." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 1 (July 1, 2006): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.389.

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Three laboratory-scale activated sludge treatment trains were operated to investigate the effect on biodiversity in plug flow (PFR) main-stream sewage treatment from input of biomass from side-stream reactors treating anaerobic digester supernatant. One train had a completely mixed (CSTR) side-stream reactor, one a PFR side-stream reactor, and the third train was a control that did not receive input from a side-stream reactor. Restriction endonucleases were used to digest polymerase chain reaction-amplified ammonia monooxygenase subunit A (amoA) genes in monthly samples from each reactor. Restriction fragment banding patterns from polyacrylimide gel electrophoresis indicated that the structure of the ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) populations in all five reactors stabilized by the fourth month of operation and then did not vary subsequently. Furthermore, a dendrogram generated using the Jaccard distance showed that the AOB in each side-stream reactor was most similar to the main-stream reactor in the same train indicating that the AOB population in the side-stream reactor exerts a strong influence on the population in the main-stream reactor. Sequencing results indicated that Nitrosomonas europea, an r-strategist, was the dominant AOB in the PFR side-stream reactor, while Nitrosomonas europea and Nitrosomonas marina, a marine bacterium, were strongly represented in the CSTR side-stream reactor.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Reactor"

1

DeWitte, Jacob D. (Jacob Dominic). "Reactor protection system design alternatives for sodium fast reactors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76523.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2011.
"January 2011." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 110-112).
Historically, unprotected transients have been viewed as design basis events that can significantly challenge sodium-cooled fast reactors. The perceived potential consequences of a severe unprotected transient in a sodium-cooled fast reactor include an energetic core disruptive accident, vessel failure, and a large early release. These consequences can be avoided if unprotected transients are properly defended against, potentially improving the economics of sodium fast reactors. One way to defend against such accidents is to include a highly reliable reactor protection system. The perceived undesirability of the consequences arising from an unprotected transient has led some sodium fast reactor designers to consider incorporating several design modifications to the reactor protection system, including: self-actuated shutdown systems, articulated control rods, and seismic anticipatory scram systems. This study investigates the performance of these systems in sodium fast reactors. To analyze the impact of these proposed design alternatives, a model to analyze plant performance that incorporates uncertainty analysis is developed using RELAP5-3D and the ABR-1000 as the reference design. The performance of the proposed alternatives is analyzed during unprotected loss of flow and unprotected transient overpower scenarios, each exacerbated by a loss of heat sink. The recently developed Technology Neutral Framework is used to contextually rate performance of the proposed alternatives. Ultimately, this thesis offers a methodology for a designer to analyze reactor protection system design efficacy. The principle results of this thesis suggest that when using the Technology Neutral Framework as a licensing framework for a sodium-cooled fast reactor, the two independent scram systems of the ABR- 1000's reactor protection system perform well enough to screen unprotected transients from the design basis. While a regulator may still require consideration of accidents involving the failure of the reactor protection system, these events will not drive the design of the system. However, self-actuated shutdown systems may be called for to diversify the reactor protection system. Of these, the Curie point latch marginally reduces the conditional cladding damage probability for metal cores because of their rapid inherent feedback effects, but is more effective for the more sluggish oxide cores given reasonably long pump coastdown times. Flow levitated absorbers are highly effective at mitigating unprotected loss of flow events for both fuel types, but are limited in response during unprotected transient overpower events. When considered from a risk-informed perspective, a clear rationale and objective is needed to justify the inclusion of an additional feature such as self-actuated shutdown systems. The use of articulated safety rods as one of the diverse means of reactivity insertion and the implementation of an anticipatory seismic scram system may be the most cost-effective alternatives to provide defense in depth in light of the sodium fast reactor's susceptibility to seismic events.
by Jacob D. DeWitte.
S.M.
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2

Pope, Michael A. (Michael Alexander). "Reactor physics design of supercritical CO₂-cooled fast reactors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33633.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-113).
Gas-Cooled Fast Reactors (GFRs) are among the GEN-IV designs proposed for future deployment. Driven by anticipated plant cost reduction, the use of supercritical CO₂ (S-CO₂) as a Brayton cycle working fluid in a direct cycle is evaluated. By using S- CO₂ at turbine inlet conditions of 20 MPa and 550⁰C - 700⁰C, efficiencies between 45% and 50% can be achieved with extremely compact components. Neutronic evaluation of candidate core materials was performed for potential use in block-type matrix fueled GFRs with particular concentration on lowering coolant void reactivity to less than $1. SiC cercer fuel was found to have relatively low coolant void worth (+22 cents upon complete depressurization of S-CO₂ coolant) and tolerable reactivity- limited burnup at matrix volume fractions of 60% or less in a 600 MWth core having H/D of 0.85 and titanium reflectors. Pin-type cores were also evaluated and demonstrated higher kff versus burnup, and higher coolant void reactivity than the SiC cercer cores (+$2.00 in ODS MA956-clad case having H/D of 1).
(cont.) It was shown, however, that S-CO₂ coolant void reactivity could be lowered significantly - to less than $1 - in pin cores by increasing neutron leakage (e.g. lowering the core H/D ratio to 0.625 in a pin core with ODS MA956 cladding), an effect not observed in cores using helium coolant at 8 MPa and 500⁰C. An innovative "block"-geometry tube-in-duct fuel consisting of canisters of vibrationally compacted (VIPAC) oxide fuel was introduced and some preliminary calculations were performed. A reference tube-in-duct core was shown to exhibit favorable neutron economy with a conversion ratio (CR) at beginning of life (BOL) of 1.37, but had a coolant void reactivity of +$ 1.4. The high CR should allow designers to lower coolant void worth by increasing leakage while preserving the ability of the core to reach high burnup. Titanium, vanadium and scandium were found to be excellent reflector materials from the standpoint of ... and coolant void reactivity due to their unique elastic scattering cross-section profiles: for example, the SiC cercer core having void reactivity of +$0.22 with titanium was shown to have +$0.57 with Zr₃Si₂.
(cont.) Overall, present work confirmed that the S-CO₂-cooled GFR concept has promising characteristics and a sufficiently broad opion space such that a safe and competitive design could be developed in future work with considerably less than $1 void reactivity and a controllable [delta]k due to burnup.
by Michael A. Pope.
S.M.
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3

MARTINS, MARIA da P. S. "Estudo de fatores humanos, e observacao dos seus aspectos basicos, focados em operadores do reator de pesquisa IEA-R1, objetivando a prevencao de acidentes ocasionados por falhas humanas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2008. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11737.

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IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Ahola, J. (Juha). "Reaction kinetics and reactor modelling in the design of catalytic reactors for automotive exhaust gas abatement." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2009. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514290305.

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Abstract The tightening environmental legislation and technological development in automotive engineering form a challenge in reactor design of catalytic reactors for automotive exhaust gas abatement. The catalytic reactor is the heart of the exhaust aftertreatment processes, but it can be seen also just as one subsidiary part of vehicles. The aim of this work is to reveal applicable kinetic models to predict behaviour of the particular catalysts and to establish guidelines for modelling procedures and experimentation facilitating catalytic reactor design, especially in the field of automotive exhaust gas abatement. The studies in this thesis include catalyst kinetics with synthetic exhaust gas composition in stoichiometric and net oxidative conditions, DRIFT measurements, and the warm-up of three-way catalysts in real conditions. Knowledge on surface concentrations facilitates kinetic model construction and discrimination. For example, identification of even semi-quantitative surface concentrations may lead to a successful falsification of incorrect kinetic model candidates. Especially, that is clearly seen in cases where models predict the same kind of gas phase behaviour but different kinds of surface concentration profiles. The transient kinetic experiments could give a hint on predominant reaction mechanism, support quantifying of the adsorption capacity and reveal the impact of surface phenomena on reactor dynamics. The level of model complexity should be adapted depending on the purpose of the model. For example, it is mostly convenient for reactor design purposes to perceive only one type of active sites even in a case of mechanical mixture of different catalytic materials; whereas the optimisation of catalyst content demands the management of every prominent site type separately. Or, when a catalytic material has been selected, the stationary kinetic model is, in most cases, adequate for the catalytic converter design and structural optimization for warm-up conditions.
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Oliveira, Graca C. de. "Reaction rate studies in a fusion reactor blanket." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384479.

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Nguyen, Hung Viet Flagan Richard C. Flagan Richard C. "Powder production in aerosol reactors : particle structure and reactor optimization /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1990. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-03122007-105616.

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Mandal, A. K. "Reaction and reactor modelling for synthesis of insensitive HEMs." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2010. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/3724.

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Anadani, Mohamed. "Decision support systems for nuclear reactor control." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341828.

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CARVALHO, RICARDO P. de. "Desenvolvimento de um simulador de treinamento para operadores do reator de pesquisa IEA-R1." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2006. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11445.

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Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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DINIZ, RICARDO. "Obtencao das constantes de decaimento e abundancias relativas de neutrons atrasados atraves da analise de ruido em reatores de potencia zero." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2005. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11247.

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IPEN/T
Intituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Books on the topic "Reactor"

1

Reaction kinetics and reactor design. 2nd ed. New York: M. Dekker, 2000.

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1931-, Tominaga Hiroo, and Tamaki Masakazu, eds. Chemical reaction and reactor design. Chichester, England: J. Wiley, 1997.

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Vollmer, Judith. Reactor. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2004.

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Reactor. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2004.

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Tapio, Salmi, Mikkola Jyri-Pekka, and Wärnå Johan. Chemical Reaction Engineering and Reactor Technology. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315200118.

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Jyri-Pekka, Mikkola, and Warna P, eds. Chemical reaction engineering and reactor technology. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2009.

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R, Gunjal Prahant, Ranade Vivek V, and ScienceDirect (Online service), eds. Trickle Bed Reactors: Reactor Engineering and Applications. San Diego: Elsevier Science & Technology Books., 2011.

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Stater, R. G. Basic reactor behavior. Scotia, N.Y: SURTCO Associates, 1991.

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Glasstone, Samuel. Nuclear Reactor Engineering: Reactor Systems Engineering. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994.

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J, Neuhold Robert, ed. Introductory nuclear reactor dynamics. La Grange Park, Ill. USA: American Nuclear Society, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Reactor"

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Davis, Adam L. "Reactor." In Spring Quick Reference Guide, 133–52. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6144-6_12.

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Davis, Adam L. "Reactor." In Reactive Streams in Java, 41–56. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-4176-9_5.

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Tapio, Salmi, Mikkola Jyri-Pekka, and Wärnå Johan. "Nonideal Reactors and Reactor Dynamics." In Chemical Reaction Engineering and Reactor Technology, 88–150. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315200118-4.

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Ahlf, J., D. Bellmann, and G. Prillinger. "Embrittlement Profile in the Fracture Plane of Irradiated CT100 Specimens." In Reactor Dosimetry, 531–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9726-0_1.

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Lippincott, E. P., L. S. Kellogg, W. N. McElroy, and C. A. Baldwin. "Evaluation of Neutron Exposure Conditions for the Buffalo Reactor." In Reactor Dosimetry, 629–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9726-0_10.

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Maerker, R. E., B. L. Broadhead, and M. L. Williams. "Recent Progress and Developments in LWR-PV Calculational Methodology." In Reactor Dosimetry, 639–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9726-0_11.

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Nakazawa, M., N. Ueda, T. Taniguchi, and A. Sekiguchi. "A New Adjustment Code Based on the Bayes’ Theory Combined with the Monte-Carlo Technique." In Reactor Dosimetry, 649–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9726-0_12.

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Petilli, M., and D. M. Gilliam. "Evaluation of Uncertainties of 235U Fission Spectrum." In Reactor Dosimetry, 657–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9726-0_13.

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Sakurai, K., and N. Yamano. "Evaluation of Gamma-Heating Rates in the JMTR Core (Benchmark Calculation)." In Reactor Dosimetry, 667–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9726-0_14.

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Stallmann, F. W. "LSL-M1 and LSL-M2: Two Extensions of the LSL Adjustment Procedure for Including Multiple Spectrum Locations." In Reactor Dosimetry, 681–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9726-0_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Reactor"

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Yamamoto, Takahisa, Koshi Mitachi, and Masatoshi Nishio. "Reactor Controllability of 3-Region-Core Molten Salt Reactor System: A Study on Load Following Capability." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89440.

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The Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) systems are liquid-fueled reactors that can be used for actinide burning, production of electricity, production of hydrogen, and production of ssile fuels (breeding). Thorium (Th) and uranium-233 (233U) are fertile and ssile of the MSR systems, and dissolved in a high-temperature molten fluoride salt (fuel salt) with a very high boiling temperature (up to 1650K), that is both the reactor nuclear fuel and the coolant. The MSR system is one of the six advanced reactor concepts identified by the Generation IV International Forum (GIF) as a candidate for cooperative development [1]. In the MSR system, fuel salt flows through a fuel duct constructed around a reactor core and fuel channel of a graphite moderator accompanied by fission reaction and heat generation, and flows out to an external-loop system consisted of a heat exchanger and a circulation pump. Due to the motion of fuel salt, delayed neutron precursors that are one of the source of neutron production make to change their position between the ssion reaction and neutron emission events and decay even occur in the external loop system. Hence the reactivity and effective delayed neutron precursor fraction of the MSR system are lower than those of solid fuel reactor systems such as Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs) and Pressurised Water Reactor (PWRs). Since all of the presently operating nuclear power reactors utilize solid fuel, little attention had been paid to the MSR analysis of the reactivity loss and reactor characteristics change caused by the fuel salt circulation. Sides et al. [2] and Shimazu et al. [3] developed MSR analytical models based on the point reactor kinetics model to consider the effect of fuel salt flow. Their models represented a reactor as having six zones for fuel salt and three zones for the graphite moderator. Since their models employed the point reactor kinetics model and the rough temperature approximation, their results were not sufficiently accurate to consider the effect of fuel salt flow.
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Joseph, Jofred, Satish Kumar, Tanmay Vasal, and N. Theivarajan. "Brayton Cycle As an Alternate Power Conversion Option for Sodium Cooled Fast Reactor." In ASME 2019 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2019-2455.

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Abstract Enhancing the safety and economic competitiveness are major objectives in the development of advanced reactor designs with emphasis on the design of systems or components of the nuclear systems. Innovative power cycle development is another potential option to achieve these objectives. Sodium cooled fast reactor (SFR) is one among the six reactor design concepts identified by the Gen IV International Forum for development to meet the technology goals for new nuclear energy system. Similar to the power cycle used in conventional fossil fuel based thermal power plants, sodium-cooled fast reactors have adopted the Rankine cycle based power conversion system. However, the possibility of sodium water reaction is a major concern and it becomes necessary to adopt means of early detection of leaks and isolation of the affected SG module for mitigating any adverse impact of sodium water reaction. The high exothermic nature of the reaction calls for introducing an intermediate sodium heat transport loop, leading to high overall plant cost hindering commercialization of sodium fast reactors. The Indian Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) also uses Rankine cycle in the power generation system. The superheated steam temperature has been set at 490 degree Celsius based on optimisation studies and material limitations. Additional Fast Breeder reactors are planned in near future and further work is being done to develop more advanced sodium cooled fast reactors. The closed Brayton cycle is a promising alternative to conventional Rankine cycle. By selecting an inert gas or a gas with milder reaction with sodium, the vigorous sodium water reaction can be avoided and significant cost savings in the turbine island can be achieved as gas turbine power conversion systems are of much smaller size than comparable steam turbine systems due to their higher power density. In the study, various Brayton cycle designs on different working gases have been explored. Supercritical-CO2 (s-CO2), helium and nitrogen cycle designs are analyzed and compared in terms of cycle efficiency, component performance and physical size. The thermal efficiencies at the turbine inlet temperature of Indian PFBR have been compared for Rankine cycle and Brayton cycle based on different working fluids. Also binary mixtures of different gases are investigated to develop a more safe and efficient power generation system. Helium does not interact with sodium and other structural materials even at very high temperatures but its thermal performance is low when compared to other fluids. Nitrogen being an inert gas does not react with sodium and can serve to utilise existing turbomachinery because of the similarity with atmospheric air. The supercritical CO2 based cycle has shown best thermodynamic performance and efficiency when compared to other Brayton cycles for the turbine inlet temperature of Indian PFBR. CO2 also reacts with sodium but the reaction is mild compared to sodium water reaction. The cycle efficiency of the s-CO2 cycle can be further improved by adopting multiple reheating, inter cooling and recuperation.
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Shen, Wei, Jianyong Wang, Ping Luo, Min Wang, and Conglei Yao. "REACTOR." In the 20th international conference companion. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1963192.1963254.

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Ball, J. Eugene, Daniel T. Ling, David Pugh, Tim Skelly, Andrew Stankosky, and David Thiel. "ReActor." In Conference companion. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/259963.260011.

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Neises, Martina, Felix Goehring, Martin Roeb, Christian Sattler, and Robert Pitz-Paal. "Simulation of a Solar Receiver-Reactor for Hydrogen Production." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90273.

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The transient thermal behavior of two solar receiver-reactors for hydrogen production has been modeled using Modelica/Dymola. The simulated reactors are dedicated to carry out the same chemical reactions but represent two different development stages of the project HYDROSOL and two different orders of magnitude concerning reactor size and hydrogen production capacity. The process itself is a two step thermochemical cycle, which uses mixed iron-oxides as a redox-system. The iron-oxide is coated on a ceramic substrate, which is placed inside the receiver-reactor and serves on the one hand as an absorber for solar radiation and on the other hand as the reaction zone for the chemical reaction. The process consists of a water splitting step in which hydrogen is produced and a regeneration step during which the used redox-material is being reduced. The reactor is operated between these two reaction conditions in regular intervals with alternating temperature levels of about 800 °C for the water splitting step and 1200 °C for the regeneration step. Because of this highly dynamic process and because of fluctuating solar radiation during the day, a mathematical tool was necessary to model the transient behavior of the reactor for theoretical studies. Two models have been developed for two existing receiver-reactors. One model has been set up to simulate the behavior of a small scale test reactor, which has been built and tested at the solar furnace of DLR in Cologne. Results are very promising and show that the model is able to reflect the thermal behavior of the reactor. Another model has been developed for a 100 kWth pilot reactor which was set up at the Plataforma Solar de Almeri´a in Spain. This model is based on the first model but special geometrical features had to be adapted. With this model temperatures and hydrogen production rates could be predicted.
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Pannier, Christopher P., and Radek Škoda. "Small Modular Reactor and Large Nuclear Reactor Fuel Cost Comparison." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30903.

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Small modular reactors (SMRs) offer simple, standardized, and safe modular designs for new nuclear reactor construction. Factory built SMRs promise competitive economy when compared with the current reactor fleet. Construction cost of a majority of the projects, which are mostly in their design stages, is not publicly available, but variable costs can be determined from fuel enrichment, average burn-up, and plant thermal efficiency, which are published design parameters for many near-term SMR projects. This paper gives a simulation of the fuel cost of electricity generation for selected SMRs and large reactors, including calculation of optimal tails assay in the uranium enrichment process. The fuel costs of several SMR designs are compared between one another and with current generation large reactor designs providing a rough comparison of the long-term economics of a new nuclear reactor project. SMRs are predicted to have higher fuel costs than large reactors. Particularly, integral pressurized water reactors (iPWRs) are shown to have from 15% to 60% higher fuel costs than large reactors. Fuel cost sensitivities to reactor design parameters are presented.
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Vojtesek, J., F. Gazdos, and P. Dostal. "Adaptive Control Of Isothermal Reactor With Complex Reaction." In 21st Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2007-0410.

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Ozalp, Nesrin, Vidyasagar Shilapuram, and D. Jayakrishna. "Modeling of Vortex-Flow Solar Reactor via Ideal Reactors in Series Approach." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90324.

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In this work, we present a thorough reaction engineering analysis on the modeling of a vortex-flow reactor to show that commonly practiced one-plug reactor approach is not sufficient to explain the flow behavior inside the reactor. Our study shows that N-plug flow reactors in series is the best approach in predicting the flow dynamics based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. We have studied the residence time distribution using CFD by two different methods. The residence time distribution characteristics are calculated by approximating the real reactor as N-ideal reactors in series, and then estimated the number of ideal reactors in series for the model. We have validated our CFD model by comparing the simulation results with experimental results. Finally, we have done a parametric study with a different sweeping gas to identify the best screening gas to avoid carbon deposition inside the vortex-flow reactor. Our results have shown that hydrogen is a better screening gas than argon.
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Abderrahim, Hamid Aït, Pierre D’hondt, and Bohumil Osmera. "REACTOR DOSIMETRY." In 9th International Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814528979.

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Williams, Pharis E. "Compact Reactor." In SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2007: 11th Conf Thermophys.Applic.in Micrograv.; 24th Symp Space Nucl.Pwr.Propulsion; 5th Conf Hum/Robotic Techn & Vision Space Explor.; 5th Symp Space Coloniz.; 4th Symp New Frontrs & Future Con. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2437547.

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Reports on the topic "Reactor"

1

Cleveland, J. (Safety related reactor physics calculation for HTGR type reactors). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5381930.

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Ott, L. (Severe accident technology of BWR (Boiling Water Reactor) reactors). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5411859.

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McClure, Patrick R., David I. Poston, Marc Gibson, Cheryl Bowman, and John Creasy. KiloPower Space Reactor Concept - Reactor Materials Study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1131780.

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Clutter, Linda K. NIST reactor:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6000.

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West, C. D. (Reactor dosimetry). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6802931.

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Shorten, Frederick J. NBS reactor :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.tn.1207.

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Shorten, Frederick J. NBS reactor :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.tn.1217.

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Shorten, Frederick J. NBS reactor :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.tn.1231.

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Shorten, Frederick J. NBS reactor :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.tn.1240.

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O'Connor, Carol. NBS reactor :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1257.

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