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Academic literature on the topic 'Réactivation des failles'
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Journal articles on the topic "Réactivation des failles"
Glodji, Luc Adissin, Abdoukarim Alassane, Prudence Mahutondji Dossou, André Zogo, Armel Ahossi, and Vinel Gbewezoun. "Influence de la Réactivation de la Faille de Kandi sur l’artésianisme dans le Bassin Versant du Fleuve Mono au Sud-ouest du Bassin Sédimentaire Côtier du Bénin (Afrique de l’Ouest)." European Scientific Journal ESJ 15, no. 24 (August 31, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2019.v15n24p346.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Réactivation des failles"
Delescluse, Matthias. "Déformation intraplaque de la lithosphère océanique indo-australienne : cinématique, réactivation et serpentinisation." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112239.
Full textThe intraplate deformation between India and Australia is a notable exception to the classical rigid plate assumption. Using GPS positioning and principal axes from earthquakes focal mechanisms, we derive the instantaneous deformation and velocity fields. We show that Australia drives the initiation of deformation. Seismic profiles acquired in the region allow the datation of the onset of deformation around 9 Ma. The instantaneous kinematics is in good agreement with a continuum of deformation since that time. A large heat flow anomaly is observed in the equatorial Central Indian Basin at the heart of the deformed area. Thermal models show that the exothermic serpentinization of the oceanic mantle peridotites is the most probable source of the thermal anomaly. Hydration of the ocenaic mantle through faults is however a consequence of deformation and not a cause, which does not explain the localization of faults. Reactivation of normal faults from the oceanic fabric seems ubiquitous in the area and it could be a suitable localization mechanism. However, only a selection of faults are still active today. This selective abandonment is reproduced using a 2D finite element model of lithosphere shortening where strain weakening is followed by strain-rate weakening when faults are mature enough. At shorter time-scales, significant reactivation of transform faults happened in the Wharton Basin after the Aceh and Nias subduction earthquakes. We show that these earthquakes trigger preferentially strik-slip faults and inhibit reverse faults
Tsopela, Alexandra. "Modélisation hydromécanique de la réactivation de faille par la méthode des éléments discrets." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI046/document.
Full textFaults in the Earth crust are localized zones of deformation which can drive fluids over long distances. Estimating the permeability of fault zones and their hydro-mechanical properties is crucial in a wide range of fields of research and industrial applications. In the petroleum industry, and more specifically in exploration and production applications, the seal integrity of faults in low permeability formations (e.g. shale) needs to be evaluated for the detection of hydrocarbon traps. There already exist approaches able to sufficiently estimate the "side-sealing" capacity of a fault based on the clay or shale content of the layers (e.g. Shale Gouge Ratio). Nevertheless, the conditions under which the fault acts as a drain along its structure are still not properly constrained. In this context, the response of the fault is directly controlled by a number of factors that can be better approached from a geomechanics point of view. These factors include the stress field, the fluid pressure, the orientation of the fault-related structures and the material properties. Meso-scale field injection experiments were carried out inside a fault zone located in the Tournemire massif at the South of France during which the fluid pressure, the deformation, the seismicity and the flow rate were monitored. Based on the Tournemire experiments and field observations, a numerical study was performed exploring the evolution of the permeability and how it is related to the fault hydro-mechanical reactivation and potentially to the induced seismicity. Fault-related structures such as subsidiary faults or fractures that were targeted during the experiments together with the surrounding intact rock, were modeled using the Discrete Element method. Modeling of the experimental tests and the analysis of generic models used to perform parametric studies highlighted the primary role of the in-situ stress conditions. The combined effect of stress and orientation of the fault structures determine in the first place the nature of the reactivation according to the critically stressed fault concept reported in the literature. For given stress conditions and structural features, it was shown that depending on the fluid pressure level, the fault offers three different ranges of permeability: i) permeability that is equivalent to the formation's permeability, ii) 2 to 4 orders of magnitude higher and iii) more than 4 orders of magnitude higher. While for the two extreme cases the fault is characterized as hydro-mechanically inactive or active, the second case is mostly controlled by fluid channeling mechanisms promoted by heterogeneities at the scale of a single fracture or at the scale of the fracture network. Changes in the hydraulic properties are in some cases detected by the seismicity triggered during the injection under the assumption that the seismicity is the direct effect of fluid propagation, fluid pressure increase and effective stress drop.However, the mechanisms behind the injection induced seismicity are still poorly understood. Using experimental results from the Tournemire site, the role of the hydraulic diffusivity of the fault-related structures was explored on the recorded seismicity in the framework of a hydro-mechanical analysis. The results suggest that the induced microseismicity was possibly related to stress perturbations caused by a significant aseismic deformation rather than fluid propagation through hydraulically connected structures
Ghalayini, Ramadan. "Structural modelling of the complex Cenozoic zone of the Levant Basin offshore Lebanon." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066316/document.
Full textThe Levant Basin is located at the easternmost Mediterranean at the intersection of three major tectonic plates (Africa, Arabia, Eurasia and the smaller Anatolian microplate). The Levant Fracture System (Arabia-Africa plate boundary) borders the basin to its east and represents a 1000 km long left-lateral transform system linking rifting in the Red Sea with plate convergence along the Taurus Mountains (Arabia-Eurasia plate boundary). The Levant Basin is bordered to the north by the Cyprus Arc (Africa-Eurasia plate boundary). The interaction between these tectonic plates had important consequences on the evolution of the Levant Basin whereby its eastern boundary has been affected by deformation along the Levant Fracture System. This major plate boundary is associated with a restraining bend in Lebanon and has been active since the Late Miocene. Until recent days, the absence of seismic data in the central Levant Basin was an obstacle against characterizing the tectonic setting of the basin. In this area, the geometry, kinematics and the age of the tectonic structures are poorly understood. A focal question thus remains on how the Levant Basin was affected by this adjacent plate boundary. Therefore, what is the impact of the deformation along the Levant Fracture System since the Late Miocene on this basin and how can we assess it? Has the latter been affected by other tectonic regimes prior to the onset of transpression? If so, how would the existing structures influence the style of modern deformation? In this study, high quality 2D and 3D seismic reflection data (with two 4290 m3 3D seismic cubes and seven 830 km long 2D seismic lines) were interpreted allowing identification and timing of the structures in the Levant Basin offshore Lebanon. Several fault families, mapped along the margin, are remnants of a lasting and complex tectonic history since Mesozoic times. These include NNE-SSW striking thrust faults active during the early Tertiary and inactive since the Pliocene; NNE-SSW striking anticlines folded during the Late Miocene and overlying pre-existing structuresd; and ENE-WSW striking dextral strike-slip faults inherited from Mesozoic times and reactivated during the Late Miocene. Only the dextral strike-slip faults show evidence of current activity and are interpreted to be linked to transpression along the Levant Fracture System. They constitute the westward extension of the plate boundary, formed under a transpressif regime and a NW-SE compression. We have showed how this plate boundary has evolved through the Neogene with a decrease in the shortening component during the Pliocene.The identification of pre-existing structures along the eastern Levant margin shed the light on the deep structuration affecting this area, inherited from Mesozoic tectonic events. The impact of these structures was tested through analogue modeling. Results indicated a considerable impact of pre-existing structures on the development of the restraining bend, localizing deformation at the onset of transpression and responsible of segmenting the restraining bend along an ENE direction. These ENE-WSW faults are thus major and are most likely associated with the deformation affecting the Palmyra basin since the Mesozoic, which is thus extending westward to Lebanon. This study has shown the important role of a margin on a strike-slip plate boundary. Namely, the development of antithetic faults (local dextral strike-slip faults in a regional sinistral strike-slip plate boundary) known in other similar plate boundaries is associated with a deep crustal anisotropy localizing the subsequent deformation
Richard, Pascal. "Champs de failles au dessus d'un décrochement de socle : modélisation expérimentale." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675425.
Full textAlmakari, Michelle. "Réactivation Hydro-Mécanique d’une Faille Rate & State ˸ Glissement, Sismicité et Évolution de Perméabilité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM065.
Full textThis PhD thesis is dedicated to the study of injection induced fault reactivation using a coupled hydro-mechanical rate and state modelof a fault. Even though the principal mechanisms behind induced fault reactivation are well known, different aspects are not yet fully explored, nor understood. In the first part of this thesis, we explore successively the role of the injection protocol (in particular, injection maximum pressure and injection pressure rate), and the fault frictional parameters on the rate of induced events and their magnitude content, for different heterogeneous 2-D fault configurations. We first point out a temporal correlation between the seismicity rate and the pore pressure rate governing the fault. We then show a dependence of the rate and magnitude content of the seismic events on the injection parameters, as well as the existence of an important trade-off between them, which could not be addressed using the Dietrich(1994)’s seismicity rate model. Concerning the frictional parameters, we show that for the faults tested in this study, the ones having a more stable frictional behavior exhibit a lower induced seismicity rate and seismic moment released. In the last part of this study, the variation of the hydraulic diffusivity during fluid injection with shear slip and effective stress reduction is addressed. For this, we use laboratory injection experiments on an Andesite rock sample, during which the pore pressure was measured at two locations along the fault plane. In an inversion framework, we estimate the best model and the associated uncertainties of an effective diffusivity history that could explain the experimental data. Using this information, we could extend our hydro-mechanical model, which would allow the computation of pore pressure, diffusivity and slip changes along the experimental fault
Bellahsen, Nicolas. "Croissance des failles normales et des rifts continentaux : développement du Golfe d'Aden et dynamique de la plaque Arabe." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00590417.
Full textLeclère, Henri. "Comportement sismo-mécanique des failles crustales et interactions fluides-séismes : Une étude de la région de l'Ubaye (Alpes du sud) combinant sismologie, géologie structurale, pétrophysique et modélisation numérique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA2044.
Full textThis work adresses the behavior of faults in the upper continental crust under static conditions and moreparticularly the effect of fluid overpressures on fault reactivation and earthquake triggering. In order toreach this goal, an analysis combining seismology, structural geology, petrophysics, geochemistry andhydromechanical modeling has been carried out in the Ubaye region (southern French-Italian Alps) wherea seismic swarm related to regional faults exposed in the Argentera basement massif (located furthersouth) occurred in 2003-2004. Focal mechanisms of 74 events from this seismic swarm have beendetermined. Based on these mechanisms and other seismological data and on mechanical modeling basedon the Mohr-Coulomb theory, this study allows to confirm that the seismic activity of the swarm waslinked to the presence of overpressurized fluids and to explain the spatio-temporal evolution ofoverpressures. A hydromechanical model is proposed in order to account for the spatio-temporalevolutions of both seismicity and pore fluid overpressures. The study of an exposure of an Argenteraregional fault combining a structural analysis, petrophysical measurements and a hydromechanicalmodeling has allowed to decipher the hydromechanical behavior of faults at hypocentral depths, and moreparticularly to determine the ability of faults to be compacted and to develop fluid overpressures. Lastly,the initiation of earthquakes at or near the base of the seismogenic zone is explored through geochemicaland mechanical analyses of quartz-chlorite veins formed at the base of the seismogenic zone. Theseresults are then compared with those deduced from the analysis of the Ubaye seismic swarm. This workallows to study the seismo-mechanical behavior of faults and the interactions between faults, fluids andearthquakes across the seismogenic zone. It emphasizes the importance of associating seismological,hydraulic et mechanical analyses in the study of active faults
Bulois, Cédric. "Marges polyriftées : réactivations et conditions aux limites. Exemples de la Mer de Corail (Papouasie Nouvelle Guinée) et du Bassin de Porcupine (Irlande)." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0106.
Full textThis study documents the succession of rifting phases that evolve along continental margins of longstanding history. This type of evolution, well admitted in the literature, remains poorly understood in terms of geological processes. Herein, the way rifts evolve through is specifically studied to highlight the fault reactivation processes and the formation of associated geological elements during the evolution of extensional basins. This study summarises some principal results of two research projects focussing on (1) the Porcupine Basin (offshore Ireland) that formed from the North-Atlantic rift propagation and (2) the Coral Sea region (Papua New Guinea) which the evolution within a supra-subduction context links to the convergence of the Pacific and Australian lithospheric plates. These two research projects specifically discuss the sedimentary record and the faulting evolution from seismic data correlated to wells, magnetism and gravimetry.Both basins evolved from the Late Palaeozoic on sides of orogens since the Late Palaeozoic. It is demonstrated that extension initiated along old structures that were reactivated during a general orogenic collapse evidenced by migration of depocentres. Then, extension discontinuously developed during several rifting events that are usually internally pulsed. The first rift events are usually very narrow and discreet, and evolve in a continental domain. Deformation progressively passes to localized normal faulting implying that major bounding faults progressively accommodate the extension. As long as extension progresses, the influence of continental structures tend to decrease and the deformation evolves oceanward prior continental tear. Extension generally stops once boundary conditions change, resulting in oceanic crust that may propagate transversally (oceanic propagators).Along classical Atlantic-type margins (e.g. Porcupine Basin), this links to the propagation of the oceanic crust but internal crosscutting oceanic basins (e.g. Bay of Biscay) stop the deformation prior to seafloor spreading that form the overall oceanic crust.In supra-subduction zones (e.g. Coral Sea), it is rather related to a change in the dynamics of the subduction which may control the overall direction of the spreading propagation.Thus, extension migrates progressively away from the initial deformation core by reactivating pre-existing structures, whatever geodynamic conditions are but with a general decrease in the influence of old continental fabrics. Herein, it is proposed herein that a deformation phase expresses as an extensional megacycle during which graben, basins or rift settings develop successively and overprint the ones another. Each extensional megacycle may be defined sedimentologically and tectonically. Their overlap generally shows an oceanward migration which reactivates specific pre-existing structures. The initiation of extension and the evolution from a megacycle another is generally linked associated to a variation of the boundary conditions
Matonti, Christophe. "Exploration géophysique des processus de fracturation et de réactivation dans les carbonates à l'échelle métrique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4744.
Full textThe aim of this work was to understand the relationships between deformations and diagenesis in carbonates. The relevant scale to study it may be the m to dkm scale which allows individualizing fracture, fault and matrix effects. This scale is under the seismic resolution, so few quantitative diagenetic and geophysical spatial data are available, mainly constrained to 1D borehole.Therefore, we selected 4 dkm scale outcrops displaying various heterogeneities and intensities of deformation and diagenesis. We developed a multidisciplinary/multiscale protocol including geophysics from cm to dkm scale along with structural diagenesis study and geochemical measurements on fractures cements. We found a strong scale effect between laboratory and outcrop Vp due to sedimentary, burial and structural heterogeneities that lead to different geostatistical patterns. Fractures have the strongest effect on Vp, being modulated by their cementation and can erase the initial facies acoustic signature. The fracture reactivation induce a 10% Vp directional anisotropy due to microscale changes in the fractures infillings characterized by multiple cementation, crushing and dissolution phases. In fault-zones the seismic anisotropy magnitude is amplified, leading to a strong directional rock shear weakening and a Vp decrease around the fault, caused by higher discontinuities aperture and brecciation. Geochemical data indicate that the Vp signature evolution is linked to different diagenetic fluids flow origins occurring during each deformation phase. This underlines the strong interplay between permeability evolution, structural diagenesis and geophysical signature in carbonates
Wynants-Morel, Nicolas. "Modélisation sismo-hydro-mécanique de la réponse d’une faille à une injection de fluide." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4059.
Full textFluid pressure changes into subsurface rocks affect fault stability, and can induce both earthquakes and aseismic deformation. Nonetheless, the interplay between fluid pressure, earthquakes and aseismic fault slip is unclear. Here, I investigate, with 3D seismo-hydro-mechanical modeling, the mechanisms behind seismic and aseismic deformation occurring on a single permeable fault governed by a slip-weakening friction law during fluid injection. The main objective is to understand how the fault responds to a fluid injection, and to identify what fault properties influence the seismic and aseismic behaviors that are observed in experiments and during large-scale fluid manipulations. Our model allows to test different fault pre-stress conditions as well as hydromechanical (initial permeability, dilation angle) and frictional (friction drop, critical slip distance) fault parameters. The simulations mainly result in the expansion of an aseismic region around the injection. Pronounced shear stresses are concentrated at the edge of this expanding zone, where seismicity is triggered due to this stress perturbation. We find that the seismicity follows the aseismic slip front rather than the fluid pressure diffusion front. The moment released during an injection simulation is mostly aseismic, with less than 5% of seismic deformation, consistent with observations in in-situ experiments (Guglielmi et al., 2015a; De Barros et al., 2018). The seismic moment increases mostly with an increase of the pre-stress and of the friction drop. It also increases in a smaller way with a decrease of the initial permeability and of the characteristic slip distance. Modifying these four fault parameters do not lead to an usual moment-injected fluid volume relationship (McGarr & Barbour, 2018; Galis et al., 2017). The b-value, which varies with these four parameters, shows a semi-logarithmic relationship with the seismic moment partition. Moreover, the pre-stress as well as the injection duration act on the maximum magnitude reached after injection stops. These results exhibit features observed in field injection experiments at the decametric scale and fluid manipulations at the reservoir scale. Therefore, these modeling studies can help understand and mitigate the seismic risk due to fluid injection in the subsurface