Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Reaction kinetics/equilibrium

Contents

Journal articles
Dissertations / Theses
Books
Book chapters
Conference papers
Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Reaction kinetics/equilibrium'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Reaction kinetics/equilibrium.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Reaction kinetics/equilibrium"

1

Brooks, S. P. J. "Equilibrium enzymes in metabolic pathways." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 74, no. 3 (May 1, 1996): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o96-044.

Full text

Abstract:

It is commonly believed that certain reactions in a metabolic sequence may be at or close to equilibrium because of the large excess of catalytic capacity compared to the flux through these enzyme loci. Simple algebraic manipulations can show that the equilibrium and steady state conditions are mutually exclusive. However, solution of the complete reaction schemes for model "equilibrium" reactions shows that they can remain far from equilibrium even though the ratio of enzyme flux to steady state flux through the overall pathway is high. These calculations show that a reaction's proximity to equilibrium depends on the overall flux through the enzyme locus as well as on the kinetic parameters of the other enzymes in the pathway. Thus, combinations of kinetic parameters may exist that allow certain reactions to approach equilibrium but these conditions are not universal.Key words: equilibria, theoretical kinetics, metabolic control.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Fedotov, Vladislav Kh, Nikolay I. Kol'tsov, and Petr M. Kosianov. "INFLUENCE OF THE AUTOCATALYTIC STAGES ON THE DYNAMICS OF CONJUGATED CHEMICAL REACTIONS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 63, no. 2 (February 8, 2020): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20206302.6053.

Full text

Abstract:

Chemical reactions occurring on nonlinear mechanisms, containing the stage of interaction of various reagents (feedback), can exhibit unusual kinetic properties - the multiplicity of equilibria (hysteresis of different shape dependency on the «velocity-parameter»), change the time of the motion to the equilibrium (slow or fast relaxation), sustained oscillations (regular, irregular), etc. All these critical phenomena are usually associated with the appearance of unstable equilibria in the reactions under study. From the kinetic point of view, one of the main causes of instability is the presence of autocatalytic stages in the reaction mechanism. Therefore, it is interesting to study the effect of autocatalytic stages on the kinetics of chemical reactions, especially far from equilibrium. In this regard, the dynamic characteristics of typical conjugate reactions occurring by non-autocatalytic and autocatalytic mechanisms in an isothermal reactor of ideal mixing under the same conditions are compared in this paper. It is shown that the kinetics of these reactions is different: autocatalysis can shift the equilibrium, change the relaxation time and the rate of reactions. In an irreversible consecutive reaction (far from equilibrium) autocatalysis shifts the equilibrium in the direction of increasing the proportion occupied by the surface of the catalyst and the reaction rate dominated by positive autocatalysis. As the reversible processes increase, the balance shifts to the other side, the reaction slows down and autoinhibition begins to prevail. In parallel conjugate reactions, negative autocatalysis is not observed. In both types of the considered conjugate reactions, the maximum positive change in concentrations and velocity due to autocatalysis observed when these reactions are irreversible.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Tiwari, Bhupendra, S. Kishore, Ninoslav Marina, and Stefano Bellucci. "Fluctuation Theory in Chemical Kinetics." Condensed Matter 3, no. 4 (December 17, 2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/condmat3040049.

Full text

Abstract:

In this research, we study the stability properties of chemical reactions of arbitrary orders. In a given chemical experiment, we focus on the formation of a chemical equilibrium by optimizing the reaction rate. Under infinitesimal simultaneous variations of the concentrations of reacting species, the binary component equilibrium is achieved when either one of the orders or concentrations of reactants vanishes. The chemical concentration capacities of the components are calculated to describe the local stability of the equilibrium. The correlation between the components is obtained as the mixed second-order derivative of the rate with respect to concentrations. The global stability analysis is performed by introducing a symmetric matrix with its diagonal components as the chemical capacities and off-diagonal components as the local correlation. We find that the local chemical stability requires the orders of the reactants to be either negative or larger than unity. The corresponding global stability requires the positivity of a cubic factor over the orders of the reactants. In short, our consideration illustrates how a chemical reaction takes place by attaining its activation state and asymptotically approaches the equilibrium when two components are mixed with arbitrary orders. Qualitative discussions are provided to support our analysis towards the formation of an optimized equilibrium. Finally, along with future directions, we discuss verification of our model towards the formation of carbon-based reactions, formation of organic/inorganic chemical equilibria and catalytic oxidation of C O − H 2 mixtures in presence of Pt.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Pekař, Miloslav. "Thermodynamics and foundations of mass-action kinetics." Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism 30, no. 1-2 (June 2005): 3–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/007967405777874868.

Full text

Abstract:

A critical overview is given of phenomenological thermodynamic approaches to reaction rate equations of the type based on the law of mass-action. The review covers treatments based on classical equilibrium and irreversible (linear) thermodynamics, extended irreversible, rational and continuum thermodynamics. Special attention is devoted to affinity, the applications of activities in chemical kinetics and the importance of chemical potential. The review shows that chemical kinetics survives as the touchstone of these various thermody-namic theories. The traditional mass-action law is neither demonstrated nor proved and very often is only introduced post hoc into the framework of a particular thermodynamic theory, except for the case of rational thermodynamics. Most published “thermodynamic'’ kinetic equations are too complicated to find application in practical kinetics and have merely theoretical value. Solely rational thermodynamics can provide, in the specific case of a fluid reacting mixture, tractable rate equations which directly propose a possible reaction mechanism consistent with mass conservation and thermodynamics. It further shows that affinity alone cannot determine the reaction rate and should be supplemented by a quantity provisionally called constitutive affinity. Future research should focus on reaction rates in non-isotropic or non-homogeneous mixtures, the applicability of traditional (equilibrium) expressions relating chemical potential to activity in non-equilibrium states, and on using activities and activity coefficients determined under equilibrium in non-equilibrium states.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Patra, Sabyasachi, Ashok K. Pandey, Sudip K. Sarkar, and A. Goswami. "Wonderful nanoconfinement effect on redox reaction equilibrium." RSC Adv. 4, no. 63 (2014): 33366–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra05104a.

Full text

Abstract:

Redox reactions have been found to be favoured with nanoscale confinement of solid matrices. Softening of reaction conditions as well as enhancement of reaction kinetics in confined nanospaces has been demonstrated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Rogozhnikov, D. A., and B. V. Kolmachikhin. "Polymetallic Ore Concentration Middlings Nitric Acid Leaching Kinetics." Solid State Phenomena 265 (September 2017): 1065–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.265.1065.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this work is the kinetic evaluation of reactions occurring during nitric acid leaching of pollymetallic sulfide middlings, for the most complete translation of copper, zinc and sulfur in solution and concentration of precious metals in residue. Methodology is pollymetallic sulfide middlings nitric acid leaching kinetics were studied using mathematical methods such as the experimental data numerical differentiation. Relevance/value is the main sulfide minerals kinetic characteristics were obtained for the studied materials, including the rate of the process, order of reaction, the rate constant for the forward and reverse reaction. Findings are the rate of the process is limited by kinetics. The calculated values of kinetic parameters showed that the process kinetics are influenced by such factors as the nature of leachable sulfide, nitric acid concentration, the surface area of the solid sulfide, the system approaches equilibrium at saturation of the liquid phase reaction products.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Komorsky-Lovrić, Š., and M. Lovrić. "Theory of staircase cyclic voltammetry of two electrode reactions coupled by a chemical reaction." Bulgarian Chemical Communications 51, no. 3 (2019): 348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34049/bcc.51.3.4983.

Full text

Abstract:

Two reversible electrode reactions that are connected by either reversible or totally irreversible chemical reactions are theoretically analysed by staircase cyclic voltammetry. The dependence of peak potentials on the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters is calculated. If the mechanism is permanently in equilibrium, the stability constant of the reversible chemical reaction can be determined. Furthermore, the critical kinetic parameter is determined and its application to the measurement of the forward rate constant of the chemical reaction is demonstrated. Also, the influence of the kinetics of electrode reactions is discussed. Keywords: ECE mechanism; Cyclic voltammetry; Theory

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Fedotov, Vladislav Kh, and Nikolay I. Kol'tsov. "KINETICS QUASIINVARIANTS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN CLOSED SYSTEMS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 62, no. 6 (July 8, 2019): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196206.5881.

Full text

Abstract:

The limitations of the dual-method and its extended version of the multi-experiment method in determining the exact time kinetic (thermodynamic) invariants and approximate invariants (quasiinvariants) of chemical reactions in closed isothermal systems are discussed. It is shown that for reactions, which allow except for internal equilibria, also boundary equilibria (multiple equilibria, multiequilibrium), for example, autocatalytic ones, there are always some "inconvenient" boundary values of reagent concentrations. These "uncomfortable" values cannot be used as the initial concentrations (conditions) for non-equilibrium multi-experiments (forward, reverse or intermediate), because for these values of non-equilibrium solutions cease to exist and, consequently, the reaction can proceed only in the equilibrium regime. As a result, the "usual " method of multi-experiments, using only the boundary values of the equilibrium concentrations of reagents, is not applicable. In this paper, a generalization of this method is proposed and a technique for conducting multi-experiments is developed, which is applicable for wider classes of reactions, including those with boundary equilibria, as well as autocatalytic reactions. This generalized method of multi-experiments (MME) allows one to bypass the limitations of the conventional multi-experiment method (dual-method) and to determine the exact time thermodynamic (kinetic) invariants of linear and some nonlinear chemical reactions, as well as approximate time invariants of any nonlinear chemical reactions in closed isothermal systems. The conditions of multi-experiments which are necessary for the correct operation of this method are determined. Examples of using the generalized method of multi-experiments for one-step and two-step nonlinear reactions with one and two independent reagents, respectively, are given. The kinetic time invariants and quasinvariants found with this method are compared with the exact solutions for the cases where they exist.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Grzesik, Mirosław, and Teresa Witczak. "The influence of the catalyst on the kinetics of ethyl metacrylate synthesis." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-007-0003-1.

Full text

Abstract:

The influence of the catalyst on the kinetics of ethyl metacrylate synthesis The synthesis of ethyl metacrylate in the liquid phase was studied. Tungstophosphoric and molybdophosphoric acids, which belong to heteropolyacids group, were used as a catalyst. The chemical compounds from this group are often utilized in the catalysis with regard to their activity and selectivity. The rate equations, reaction rate constants and equilibrium constants have been determined. The reaction order and the kinetic parameters of the kinetic relations were determined by the integral method. All rate equations are formulated with activities taking the non ideal effects of the compounds into consideration. It was found that the kinetics of the esterification of the presented reactions was non-elementary

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Lasaga, Antonio C. "Metamorphic reaction rate laws and development of isograds." Mineralogical Magazine 50, no. 357 (September 1986): 359–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1986.050.357.02.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractNew data on the kinetics of dehydration of muscovite + quartz suggest the necessity for a careful treatment of both surface kinetics and diffusion processes in metamorphic reactions. A new model is proposed that illustrates the relative role of diffusion and surface reactions in the overall metamorphic process. The rate law for the reaction at mineral surfaces derived from the experimental data is shown to be probably non-linear and similar to rate laws derived from Monte Carlo calculations. The experimental rate data is then used in a heat flow calculation to model the evolution of the muscovite isograd in the field. The position of the isograd, the temperature oversteps above equilibrium, and the width of ‘reaction zones’ are then analysed as a function of intrusion size and kinetic parameters.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Reaction kinetics/equilibrium"

1

Keiffer, M. "High-temperature reactions of alkyl and peroxy species." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382582.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Morozov, Aleksandr [Verfasser], Wolfgang H. [Akademischer Betreuer] Müller, Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] Freidin, Wolfgang H. [Gutachter] Müller, Alexander [Gutachter] Freidin, Victor [Gutachter] Eremeev, and Holm [Gutachter] Altenbach. "Numerical and analytical studies of kinetics, equilibrium, and stability of the chemical reaction fronts in deformable solids / Aleksandr Morozov ; Gutachter: Wolfgang H. Müller, Alexander Freidin, Victor Eremeev, Holm Altenbach ; Wolfgang H. Müller, Alexander Freidin." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1228978379/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Kanbe, Yuichi. "Control of Alloy Composition and Evaluation of Macro Inclusions during Alloy Making." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad processmetallurgi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-27773.

Full text

Abstract:

In order to obtain a good performance and predict the properties of alloys, it is necessary to control the contents of alloying elements and to evaluate a largest inclusion in the product. Thus, improved techniques for both control of alloy elements and evaluation of the large inclusion in products will enable us to provide better qualities of the final products. In the case of one Ni alloy, (NW2201, >99 mass%Ni), the precise control technique of Mg content is important to obtain a good hot-workability. Hereby, the slag/metal reaction experiments in a laboratory have been carried out at 1873 K, so that the equilibrium Mg content and kinetic behavior can be understood. More addition of Al in the melt as well as higher CaO/Al2O3 value of slag resulted in higher amount of Mg content in Ni. For the same conditions of Al content and slag composition, the mass transfer coefficient of Mg in molten Ni was determined as 0.0175 cm/s. By applying several countermeasures regarding the equilibrium and kinetic process to the plant trials, the value of the standard deviation for the Mg content in an alloy was decreased till 0.003 from 0.007 mass%. The size measurements of largest inclusions in the various alloys (an Fe-10mass%Ni alloy, 17CrMo4 of low-C steel and 304 stainless steel) were carried out by using statistics of extreme values (SEV). In order to improve the prediction accuracy of this method, three dimensional (3D) observations were applied after electrolytic extraction. In addition, the relationship of extreme value distribution (EVD) in the different stages of the production processes was studied. This was done to predict the largest inclusion in the products at an early stage of the process. A comparison of EVDs for single Al2O3 inclusion particles obtained by 2D and 3D observations has clarified that 3D observations result in more accurate EVD because of the absence of pores. Also, it was found that EVD of clusters were larger than that of single particles. In addition, when applying SEV to sulfide inclusions with various morphologies, especially for elongated sulfides, the real maximum sizes of them were able to be measured by 3D observations. Geometrical considerations of these particles clarified the possibility of an appearance of the real maximum inclusion sizes on a cross section to be low. The EVDs of deoxidation products in 304 stainless steel showed good agreement between the molten steel and slab samples of the same heat. Furthermore, the EVD of fractured inclusion lengths in the rolled steel were estimated from the initial sizes of undeformed inclusions which were equivalent with fragmented inclusions. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of inclusion width, EVD obtained from perpendicular cross section of strips was found to be useful to predict the largest inclusion in the final product with less time consumption compared to a slab sample. In summary, it can be concluded that the improvement of the techniques by this study has enabled to precisely control of alloy compositions as well as to evaluate the largest inclusion size in them more accurately and at an earlier stage of the production process.
QC 20101222

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Syal, Sham. "The non-equilibrium kinetics of reversible bimolecular reactions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0017/NQ45195.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

BERTOLINI, THARCILA C. R. "Estudo comparativo sobre a adsorção de diferentes classes de corantes em zeólitas de cinzas de carvão: modelagem cinética e de equilíbrio." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2014. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10557.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:41:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:07:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Painter, D. M. "Kinetic and equilibrium studies at solid/liquid interfaces." Thesis, University of Salford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384026.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Gicquel, Alix. "Etude des processus catalytiques heterogenes dans les milieux plasmas basse pression hors-equilibre." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066396.

Full text

Abstract:

Etude des reacteurs tubulaires a plasma basse pression dans le cas de reactions consecutives cinetiquement controlees par une etape endothermique. Le role catalytique d'une feuille de tungstene se traduit par une augmentation de l'excitation vibrationnelle des molecules dans la couche limite; a contrario, le transfert d'energie vers le solide est d'autant moins important que le solide est meilleur catalyseur. L'excitation vibrationnelle se communique aux molecules reactives au cours de transfert vibration-vibration. Les especes reactives sont alors susceptibles de franchir les verrous reactionnels soit en phase gazeuse (etape endothermique) soit en phase heterogene (etape de chimisorption)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Napier, Duncan George. "Far-from-equilibrium gas kinetic theory : reactive systems and sound propagation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25127.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Rabbitt, Lynsey C. "Some kinetic and equilibrium studies of the reactions of nitrobenzofurazan derivatives with nucleophiles." Thesis, Durham University, 2000. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4623/.

Full text

Abstract:

The reactions of 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan, (DNBF) with aniline and six of its N- and ring- substituted derivatives have been studied. It is known that aniline usually reacts as a nitrogen nucleophile, forming nitrogen-bonded σ-adducts with trinitrobenzene, (TNB) in the presence of a strong base. However, in acidic solutions, a-adducts are formed with bonding between a ring carbon atom of the anilines and the 7-position of DNBF. A value of 2.0 for k(_H)/k(_D), the kinetic isotope effect, indicates that bond formation is largely rate determining in the substitution pathway. Estimates were made for the pK(_a) values relating to carbon protonation of the anilines. In solutions of aniline buffered with aniline hydrogen chloride it was possible to distinguish an initial, rapid reaction via the nitrogen centre to give anionic a-adducts. The thermodynamically more stable carbon-bonded σ-adducts were observed to form over time. In the presence of excess amine, these zwitterionic σ-adducts were in rapid equilibrium with the deprotonated forms. Equilibrium constants for this acid-base process were measured, and indicate that the negatively charged DNBF moiety is electron withdrawing relative to hydrogen. Kinetic and equilibrium studies are reported for the reactions of several aliphatic amines with a selection of nitrobenzofurazan derivatives in DMSO. Rapid reaction at the 5- position to yield σ-adducts was followed by slower formation of the thermodynamically more stable adducts at the 7-position. Proton transfer from the zwitterionic intermediates to a second molecule of amine was generally rapid, and the attack of the amine rate determining. This is in direct contrast with reactions involving TNB, where the proton transfer step is usually rate limiting. The reactions of four nitrobenzofurazan derivatives with sulfite have been studied in aqueous solutions. The stability of the initially formed 5-adducts was remarkably high in comparison with the corresponding σ-adducts formed from attack of sulfite on TNB. A slow isomerisation was observed to yield the thermodynamically more stable 7-adducts, except in the reaction with 4-nitro-7-chlorobenzofurazan, where attack at the 7-position would lead to nucleophilic substitution of the chloro-group to yield the substitution product. The mechanism of the isomerisation was found to occur via an intermolecular rearrangement, and not according to an intramolecular Boulton-Katritzky rearrangement. Sulfite attack on DNBF was also studied. A value for the equilibrium constant for the formation of a 1:1 adduct, K(_7) 1.1 x 10(^13) dm(^3) mol(^-1) was determined. This high value is a reflection of the high carbon basicity of the sulfite ion, and the highly electrophilic character of DNBF. Evidence was also obtained for the formation of 1:2 di-adducts in the presence of excess sulfite, which are present in the isomeric cis and trans forms.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Blount, Jay Adam. "Synthetic, equilibrium, kinetic and mechanistic studies of the reactions between azo dye ligands and Ni²+." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/59448/.

Full text

Abstract:

12 azo dye ligands LI-LI2 that are used in the inkjet printer industry have been synthesised and characterised. The dyes L5B and L3765 were supplied as gifts by the chemical company Avecia. All dyes were fully examined by IH NMR, 13e NMR, IR spectroscopy, electrospray mass spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, UV-Visible spectroscopy and microanalyses. Melting points were also determined. pKa values have been determined by visible spectroscopy for the dyes PAN(Aldrich), L7, L3765, Ll, L5 and L5B. Stability constant measurements have been attempted for the Ni(II) complexes of PAN, LI and L5 using UV-Visible spectroscopy. Single wavelength stopped-flow kinetic studies of the reactions of Ni(II) with PAN(Aldrich), PADA(Aldrich), SUDAN I(Aldrich), L3765 and L7 were carried out. Multi wavelength stopped-flow kinetic studies of the reactions of Ni(II) with L 1, L 7, L5 and L5B were examined and rate constants for complex formation (kf ) were determined. Rates of dissociation of [Ni(PAN)2] using ligand exchange with either EDTA or 2,2' :6' ,2" -Terpyridine (Terpy) were investigated using UV -Visible spectroscopy. Relative stabilities of [Ni(II)(PAN)t, [Ni(II)(L 7)] and [Ni(II)(L3765)r have been determined. Dissociation of Ni(II) complexes of Ll, L5, L5B, L6, PAN, L7 and L3765 using excess Terpy have been studied using UV -Visible spectroscopy and relative stabilities have been compared.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Books on the topic "Reaction kinetics/equilibrium"

1

Radhakrishnan, Krishnan. LSENS, a general chemical kinetics and sensitivity analysis code for homogeneous gas-phase reactions. II. Code description and usage. Cleveland, Ohio: Lewis Research Center, 1994.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Radhakrishnan, Krishnan. LSENS - a general chemical kinetics and sensitivity analysis code for homogeneous gas-phase reactions. I. Theory and numerical solution procedures. Cleveland, Ohio: Lewis Research Center, 1994.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Ruff, F. Organic reactions: Equilibria, kinetics, and mechanism. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1994.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

1923-, Grunwald Ernest, ed. Rates and equilibria of organic reactions as treated by statistical, thermodynamic, and extrathermodynamic methods. New York: Dover Publications, 1989.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Elena, Kustova, Mayinger Franz, Mewes Dieter, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Non-Equilibrium Reacting Gas Flows: Kinetic Theory of Transport and Relaxation Processes. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Gallagher, Richard Thomas. Kinetics and equilibria of ion-molecule association reactions: Studied using temperature variable high pressure ion sources. [s.l.]: typescript, 1987.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Sherwood, Dennis, and Paul Dalby. Chemical equilibrium and chemical kinetics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782957.003.0014.

Full text

Abstract:

Building on the previous chapter, this chapter examines gas phase chemical equilibrium, and the equilibrium constant. This chapter takes a rigorous, yet very clear, ‘first principles’ approach, expressing the total Gibbs free energy of a reaction mixture at any time as the sum of the instantaneous Gibbs free energies of each component, as expressed in terms of the extent-of-reaction. The equilibrium reaction mixture is then defined as the point at which the total system Gibbs free energy is a minimum, from which concepts such as the equilibrium constant emerge. The chapter also explores the temperature dependence of equilibrium, this being one example of Le Chatelier’s principle. Finally, the chapter links thermodynamics to chemical kinetics by showing how the equilibrium constant is the ratio of the forward and backward rate constants. We also introduce the Arrhenius equation, closing with a discussion of the overall effect of temperature on chemical equilibrium.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Amnon, Kohen, and Limbach Hans-Heinrich, eds. Isotope effects in chemistry and biology. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2006.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Isotope Effects In Chemistry and Biology. CRC, 2005.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Kam-Pui, Lee, Gupta Roop N, and Langley Research Center, eds. Computer codes for the evaluation of thermodynamic properties, transport properties, and equilibrium constants of an 11-species air model. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1990.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Reaction kinetics/equilibrium"

1

Menzel, D. "Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Effects in Adsorption-Desorption Kinetics: Influences of Interaction Dynamics, Reaction Kinetics, and Statistical Mechanics of the Adlayer." In Kinetics of Interface Reactions, 2–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72675-0_1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Heuss-Aβbichler, S., and L. Masch. "Microtextures and Reaction Mechanisms of Carbonate Rocks: A Comparison Between the Thermoaureoles of Ballachulish and Monzoni (N. Italy)." In Equilibrium and Kinetics in Contact Metamorphism, 229–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76145-4_11.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Schoepp, Barbara, Pierre Parot, Jean Lavorel, and André Verméglio. "Charges Recombination Kinetics in Bacterial Photosynthetic Reaction Centers: Conformational States in Equilibrium Pre-Exist in the Dark." In The Photosynthetic Bacterial Reaction Center II, 331–39. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3050-3_37.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Masch, L., and S. Heuss-Aβbichler. "Decarbonation Reactions in Siliceous Dolomites and Impure Limestones." In Equilibrium and Kinetics in Contact Metamorphism, 211–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76145-4_10.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Giletti, Bruno J. "Isotopic Equilibrium/Disequilibrium and Diffusion Kinetics in Feldspars." In Feldspars and their Reactions, 351–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1106-5_9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Smith, P., C. Gould, G. Kelly, D. M. Bloor, and E. Wyn-Jones. "Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies Associated with the Partitioning of Alcohols in Micelles." In Reactions in Compartmentalized Liquids, 83–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74787-8_10.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Kelly, Braden D., William R. Smith, William R. Smith, and William R. Smith. "Kinetic Monte Carlo Molecular Simulation of Chemical Reaction Equilibria." In Cutting-Edge Technology for Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage, 255–62. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119363804.ch17.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Kustova, Elena. "Kinetic Theory and Thermodynamics, Non-equilibrium Reacting Gas Flows." In Encyclopedia of Continuum Mechanics, 1397–405. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55771-6_146.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Kustova, Elena. "Kinetic Theory and Thermodynamics, Non-equilibrium Reacting Gas Flows." In Encyclopedia of Continuum Mechanics, 1–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53605-6_146-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Armagan, Bulent, Mustafa Turan, and Dogan Karadag. "Adsorption of Different Reactive Dyes onto Surfactant-Modified Zeolite: Kinetic and Equilibrium Modeling." In Survival and Sustainability, 1237–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-95991-5_116.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Reaction kinetics/equilibrium"

1

Wang, Mianzhi, and Chia-fon F. Lee. "Efficient Computation Methods for Combustion Reaction Kinetics." In ASME 2014 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2014-5648.

Full text

Abstract:

This research presents multiple strategies to improve the computation efficiency of solving combustion reaction kinetics. All strategies in this work are error-free compared to other methods based on result tabulation, dynamic mechanism reduction, and stiffness removal with quasi-equilibrium assumption and lower-dimensional manifold attraction. In the presented methods, the Jacobian matrix are solved by either direct linear solver or preconditioned Krylov subspace method. Different Jacobian matrix construction methods are designed with exploiting the characteristics of reaction network. The methods are systematically tested using reaction mechanisms of different size, and with different initial conditions. The performance of the presented methods are also compared with existing codes. The results shows that each specific method has higher performance for certain mechanisms. The reason for the performance differences are analyzed and a guideline for selecting method is provided. The presented methods are implemented into CFD code to efficiently simulate the reaction flow without dealing with the heterogeneity caused by dynamic mechanism reduction, quasi-equilibrium assumption, etc. It is also possible to combine the presented methods with problem-reducing methods to further optimize the reaction kinetics computation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Hadi, Fatemeh, Mohammad Janbozorgi, and M. Reza H. Sheikhi. "A Comparison of Rate-Controlled Constrained-Equilibrium Formulations." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52317.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study, constraint potential and constraint forms of the Rate-Controlled Constrained-Equilibrium (RCCE) method have been investigated in terms of accuracy and performance. Although the two formulations are equivalent mathematically, they show quite different performances from the computational standpoint. The main objective of this work is to determine the most efficient implementation of RCCE to be used in turbulent combustion simulations. Simulations are conducted of an adiabatic, isobaric stirred reactor. The kinetics includes methane oxygen combustion using 133 reaction steps and 29 species. RCCE calculations are performed by 12 constraints. The simulations are carried out over a wide range of initial temperatures for stoichiometric gas mixtures. Performance studies of the two RCCE formulations are carried out and the results are compared with those obtained by direct integration of detailed kinetics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Roy, Shrabanti, Fatemeh Hadi, and Omid Askari. "Rate Controlled Constrained-Equilibrium Simulation of Ethanol Combustion Using SVD Derived Constraints." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10994.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract In this study, the fully automatable Approximate Singular Value Decomposition of the Actual Degrees of Disequilibrium (ASVDADD) method is used for combustion modeling of ethanol. Due to the importance of ethanol as one of the most common type of biofuels, modeling its reaction kinetics and chemical composition evolution during combustion is necessary. The detailed kinetic mechanism (DKM) considered here is generated by authors using reaction mechanism generator (RMG) technique and it consists of 66 species and 1031 reactions. Tracking this number of species and chemical reactions in computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis of engineering problems is prohibitive. To alleviate this issue, Rate-Controlled Constrained-Equilibrium (RCCE) model reduction scheme for chemical kinetics is employed. It describes the evolution of a complex chemical system with acceptable accuracy with a number of rates controlling constraints on the associated constrained-equilibrium states of the system, much lower than the number of species in the underlying DKM. Successful approximation of the constrained equilibrium states requires accurate identification of the constraints. One promising procedure is the ASVDADD method that is capable of identifying the best constraints for a given range of thermodynamic conditions and a required level of approximation. ASVDADD is based on simple algebraic analysis of the results of the underlying DKM simulation and is focused on the behavior of the degrees of disequilibrium (DoD) of the individual chemical reactions. In this paper, ASVDADD is used to derive the RCCE constraints and ethanol combustion is modeled using both DKM and RCCE. Comparison of RCCE results with those of DKM shows the effectiveness of the ASVDADD derived constraints which demonstrates the potential of the RCCE method for combustion modeling of heavy and complex fuels.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Gokulakrishnan, P., S. Kwon, A. J. Hamer, M. S. Klassen, and R. J. Roby. "Reduced Kinetic Mechanism for Reactive Flow Simulation of Syngas/Methane Combustion at Gas Turbine Conditions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90573.

Full text

Abstract:

The reduced kinetic mechanism for syngas/methane developed in the present work consists of a global reaction step for fuel decomposition in which the fuel molecule breaks down into CH2O and H2. A detailed CH2O/H2/O2 elementary reaction sub-set is included as the formation of intermediate combustion radicals such as OH, H, O, HO2, and H2O2 is essential for accurate predictions of non-equilibrium phenomena such as ignition and extinction. Since the chemical kinetics of H2 and CH2O are the fundamental building blocks of any hydrocarbon oxidation, the inclusion of detailed kinetic mechanisms for CH2O and H2 oxidation enables the reduced mechanism to predict over a wide range of operating conditions provided the reaction rate parameters of fuel-decomposition reaction is optimized over those conditions. Therefore, the rate coefficients for the fuel-decomposition step are estimated and optimized for the ignition delay time measurements of CH4, H2, CH4/H2, CH4/CO and CO/H2 mixtures available in the literature over a wide range of pressures, temperatures and equivalence ratios that are relevant to gas turbine operating conditions. The optimized reduced mechanism, consisting of 15 species and around 40 reactions, is able to predict the ignition delay time and laminar flame speed measurements of CH4, H2, CH4/H2, CH4/CO and CO/H2 mixtures fairly well over a wide range conditions. The model predictions are also compared with that of GRI3.0 mechanism. The reduced kinetic mechanism predicts the ignition delay time of CH4 and CH4/H2 mixtures far better than GRI mechanism at higher pressures. To demonstrate the predictive capability of the model in reactive flow systems, the reduced mechanism was implemented in Star-CD/KINetics commercial code using a RANS turbulence model to simulate CH4/air premixed combustion in a backward facing step. The CFD model predictions of the stable species in the exhaust gas agree well with the GRI mechanism predictions in a chemical reactor network modeling by approximating the backward facing step with a series of perfectly-stirred reactor and plug-flow reactor.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Faizan, M., and G. X. Wang. "Non-Equilibrium Dissolution Kinetics of Micro-Size Metal Particles in Lead-Free Solders." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82768.

Full text

Abstract:

Soldering is the default joining process in the electronic packaging industry. Solder joints are obtained by interaction of the substrate with the molten solder. Soldering reaction and the resulting dissolution of substrate material is a complicated process. Reliability and strength of solder joints during service have always been the critical issues in electronic packaging industry. Mechanical strength of solder joints can significantly be increased by employing composite solders. These composite solders are sometimes obtained by incorporation of micro- and nano-size metal particles in the solder paste before the soldering process. Better understanding of substrate-solder interaction is important for the proper selection of the reinforcing particle size and composition. In the present research the relative importance of interface reaction and diffusion has been studied. Dissolution kinetics of a planar substrate and spherical particles has been investigated. Our results show that the dissolution is governed both by interface kinetics and long-range diffusion. Non-equilibrium behavior has been observed in the early stage of the process. It has been observed that at the early stage the dissolution process is governed by interface kinetics, while diffusion became the rate controlling mechanism at the later phase. A mathematically rigorous model has been proposed for simulating the dissolution of the substrate in the liquid lead-free solders. The study is extended to investigate the dissolution of spherical particles in molten solders. The results show that the initial particle dimension plays a critical role in the end particle size after the reflow process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Wu, Bei, and Hui Zhang. "Vapor Transport Controlled Process Models for AlN Bulk Sublimation Growth." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56564.

Full text

Abstract:

Sublimation vapor transport method is a widely used technique for the production of optoelectronic materials, such as AlN single crystals. Inductively heated method is most commonly used in high temperature materials processing. In the literature, a one-step reaction with two vapor species, i.e. aluminum (Al) vapor and nitrogen (N2) gas, is usually assumed and a diffusion-controlled growth mechanism is used with thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. In the growth experiments, crystal growth may be in the kinetic controlled region, the interplay between surface kinetics and vapor transport is important. Temperature field with inductively heated method will be simulated in this paper. Afterwards, three growth models are proposed. One model is called the traditional model assuming thermodynamic equilibrium and diffusion as the rate-limiting process, and two other models are developed based on equilibrium partial pressure of either aluminum vapor or reaction nitrogen gas. The predicted growth rates by three models are compared. The advantage and disadvantage of different models are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Kuznetsov, Vladmir V., Oleg V. Vitovsky, and Stanislav P. Kozlov. "Heat and Mass Transfer With Chemical Reactions Producing Hydrogen in Microchannels." In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2011-58203.

Full text

Abstract:

The reduction of effective transfer length on microscale eliminates the external diffusion limitation on reaction rate and makes it possible to realize the non-equilibrium chemical reactions. The peculiarities of methane and carbon monoxide steam reforming in a minichannel reactor with activation of reactions on thin film catalyst prepared by nanotechnology are considered in this paper. Consistent accomplishment of these reactions can increase the hydrogen yield and reduce the concentration of carbon monoxide in the product. Steam reforming of methane was studied on Rh/Al2O3 nanocatalyst deposited on the inner wall of the annular minichannel. Steam reforming of carbon monoxide was studied at Pt/CeO2/Al2O3 nanocatalyst deposited on the walls of the minichannel plate. The procedure of catalyst preparation which makes the nanoparticles of two nanometers in size is developed. The catalyst has uniform fraction of nanoparticles and optimal oxygen mobility in the lattice of carrier. During tests the data on the composition of the reacting gas mixture in temperature range from 200 C to 940 C were obtained including data on conversion in controlled temperature field when hydrogen content in the product reaches 68% and carbon monoxide content reduces to 1%. Methane steam reforming and water gas shift reaction in the minichannel were modeled numerically. The detailed information on the temperature and species concentration fields has been obtained, and kinetics of multistage reactions was defined when the external heat is supplied to proceed the steam reforming. The temperature regimes of high conversion of methane and carbon monoxide were defined and discussed in connection with the experimental data.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Han, Wei, Rachaneewan Charoenwat, and Brian H. Dennis. "Numerical Investigation of Biodiesel Production in Capillary Microreactor." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48765.

Full text

Abstract:

Synthesis of biodiesel through transesterification of vegetable oil with methanol has been experimentally studied in different types of microreactors though detailed numerical simulation has not yet been presented. The capillary microreactor has the potential to greatly intensify mass transfer between immiscible fluids that would result in higher chemical reaction rates. A segmented flow pattern of oil and methanol forms within the reactor. It has been shown experimentally that the two phase flow has dramatic benefits on the intensification of mass transfer and heat transfer. Such reactors have been proposed for the synthesis of biodiesel and detailed understanding of flow dynamics and chemical kinetics would be useful for process optimization. This paper presents a mathematical model and numerical solution for the synthesis of biodiesel in a capillary reactor. The model represents the unsteady incompressible viscous non-equilibrium chemically reacting flow. The equations are discretized with the finite element method (FEM) and solved to demonstrate the flow behavior and concentration distribution of each chemical species within two phases; different residence time will be obtained with different volume flow rate as well. Information about efficient computational treatment of the model will also be presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Wong, Bunsen, Dennis Thomey, Lloyd Brown, Martin Roeb, Robert Buckingham, and Christian Sattler. "Sulfur Based Thermochemical Energy Storage for Concentrated Solar Power." In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18283.

Full text

Abstract:

A sulfur based thermochemical energy storage cycle for baseload power generation is being developed under the support of US DOE Sunshot program. Solar heat is stored in elemental sulfur via thermal decomposition of sulfuric acid and disproportionation of sulfur dioxide into elemental sulfur and sulfuric acid. Heat energy is recovered upon sulfur combustion. On-sun decomposition of sulfuric acid in a solar furnace has been demonstrated between 650 and 850°C. Near equilibrium conversion was obtained at high temperature but conversion was reduced due to catalyst poisoning at the lower temperatures. Sulfur dioxide disproportionation modeling showed the reaction driving force is maximized at the high system pressure and low system temperature. The effect of system pressure was validated experimentally. However, the disproportionation rate was found to increase with system temperature as a result of increased reaction kinetics. Homogenous iodide catalysts were used to further enhance the degree of disproportionation and the reaction rate. The process steps required to recover the catalyst for reuse have been verified.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Faizan, Mohammad, and Guo-Xiang Wang. "Modeling of Micro/Nano-Particle Dissolution During Reflow of Lead-Free Composite Solders." In ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33891.

Full text

Abstract:

The ever increasing miniaturization of electronic devices has pressed the need to find the alternate solders that can deliver the necessary strength and reliability of the solder joints. In this view the development of composite solders has become the focus for many researchers in recent years. This paper presents a mathematical model to simulate the dissolution behavior of metal particles in composite solders during reflow process. The mathematical model is based on basic mass diffusion process and involves the actual physical properties of various species (particle, IMC, solder etc) of the system. Thermal effects and related thermodynamic constraints together with the non-equilibrium interface kinetics of dissolving micro and nano-size particles are also considered. The growth of intermetallic compound (IMC) and terminal size of embedded particles for various reflow conditions are analyzed using the model. Dissolution behavior of micro-size Cu particles in lead-free, Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) alloy solder was studied. The end particle size and the thickness of the IMC layer around the particles are presented for various initial particle sizes and reflow conditions. Effects of initial copper content in Sn-Ag-Cu alloy solder and the interface reaction kinetics on the dissolution of copper particles and growth of intermetallic compound are also investigated. Results of the model show the interesting behavior of micron-size particle dissolution in liquid solders. The reaction kinetics at the IMC/solder interface was seen to play an important role in the dissolution of copper particles.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Reaction kinetics/equilibrium"

1

Nguyen, H. D. APOLLO: A computer program for the calculation of chemical equilibrium and reaction kinetics of chemical systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7205530.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Nguyen, H. D. APOLLO: A computer program for the calculation of chemical equilibrium and reaction kinetics of chemical systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10162037.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Yeh, G. T., G. A. Iskra, J. E. Szecsody, J. M. Zachara, and G. P. Streile. KEMOD: A mixed chemical kinetic and equilibrium model of aqueous and solid phase geochemical reactions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10111068.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Yeh, G. T., K. M. Salvage, J. P. Gwo, J. M. Zachara, and J. E. Szecsody. HYDROBIOGEOCHEM: A coupled model of HYDROlogic transport and mixed BIOGEOCHEMical kinetic/equilibrium reactions in saturated-unsaturated media. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/677000.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

White, Mark D., and B. Peter McGrail. STOMP Subsurface Transport Over Multiple Phases Version 1.0 Addendum: ECKEChem Equilibrium-Conservation-Kinetic Equation Chemistry and Reactive Transport. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/976999.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Schwarz, J. A. Surface nonuniformity effects on metal oxides in going from proton adsorption equilibria to the kinetics of acid catalyzed reactions. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/491426.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Steele, W. V., and R. D. Chirico. Thermodynamics and the hydrodenitrogenation of indole: Part 1, Thermodynamic properties of indoline and 2-methylindole: Part 2, Gibbs energies of reaction in the hydrodenitrogenation of indole: Part 3, Thermodynamic equilibria and comparison with literature kinetic. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6124014.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!