Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réaction d'oxydation de l'urée'
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Zemtsova, Viktoriia. "Réaction d'oxydation de l'urée sur des électrodes à base de Ni étudiée par spectroscopie électrochimique et in situ." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023STRAF075.
Full textThe objectives of the work were to unveil the dependence of the activity and the products of the UOR on the structure and composition of Ni-based catalysts. We used operando XAS to investigate both the structure of the catalysts and the mean oxidation state of Ni in Ni, NiCo and NiFe catalysts during their operation, and FTIRS to detect products and intermediates formed during the UOR. The operando FTIR spectroscopy allowed us to detect several urea oxidation products on Ni, NiFe and NiCo electrodes, suggesting that the UOR follows two parallel pathways. The pathway resulting in the carbonate formation (and hence also N2 which cannot be detected with FTIRS) predominates at lower potentials, whereas the formation of nitrite and cyanate increases at higher potentials. The operando XAS measurements at Ni K-edge allowed us to detect formation of NiOOH, and decrease of its fraction in the presence of urea. The results support the EC’ (electrochemical – followed by a chemical step) UOR mechanism operating both for monometallic and for bimetallic catalysts, the role of the second component (Fe, Co) mainly related to its influence on the potential of the Ni(OH)2/NiOOH transition and hence the UOR overpotential
Nhut, Jean-Mario. "Réaction d'oxydation sélective de l'hydrogène sulfuré (H2S) en soufre élémentaire." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13240.
Full textStudies realised on the desulfurisation reaction at high temperature led us to selectively control the active phase location on the support, with the development of a new impregnation method (called bi-phasic impregnation). This method was based on the duality of the SiC surface (hydrophilic, hydrophobic), and allowed to depose the iron oxide particles (active phase) exclusively on pure SiC zones. These zones were proven to be hydrophobic and located on the outer surface of the pores of the material, and then allowed a better accessibility reactant against the active phase. As a function of time on stream the iron oxide based active phase was transformed into an iron oxysulfide phase (T = 230-240 °C). This phase was very active and selective and was extremely stable during the reaction (more than 1000 h of time on stream), whatever the nature of the reaction mixture, i. E. With or without impurities (H2, CO2, SO2, CO, NH3). The discovery of new materials like carbon nanostructures (nanofibers, nanotubes) allowed us to develop new catalysts, based on NiS2, able to selectively oxidize at 60 °C H2S into elemental sulfur with extremely high sulfur yield and high space velocity (WHSV = 0. 03 h-1). The results obtained showed the importance of these supports on the desulfurisation activity and their great capacity of solid sulfur storage. To explain these results on nanotubes, the hypothesis of a confinement effect induced by their tubular morphology was advanced while the high activity observed on the nanofibers composite was attributed to their high external surface due to their nanosize. Moreover, a particular mode of deposition was advanced to explain their activity and their high solid sulfur storage capacity during the reaction (existence of surface duality of the materials: hydrophilic/hydrophobic)
Galant, françois Magda. "Étude cinétique de la réaction exothermique d'oxydation du sulfure de zinc." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL037N.
Full textPetit, Sarah. "Influence de l'incorporation du vanadium dans l'hydroxyapatite sur la réaction d'oxydation déshydrogénante du propane." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066620/document.
Full textIn order to fill the gap between propene supply and demand, the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP) is an alternative solution to the direct dehydrogenation process. Vanadium-modified hydroxyapatites (HAp) are bifunctional catalysts combining acid-base and redox properties which were shown to be of interest for the ODHP reaction. In order to optimize this system, the aim of the work was to investigate the catalytic behavior of the vanadium-modified hydroxyapatites and to establish structure reactivity relationships. By peculiar attention was devoted to the control of synthesis. Provided high pH value is maintained during the synthesis, the Ca10(PO4)6-x(VO4)x(OH)2 solid solution was successfully obtained for x 0→ 6, whereas at lower pH, a mixture of Vx-HAp solid solution and of Ca2V2O7 was obtained from x ≥ 4. For the solid solution, contrary to propene selectivity, the propane conversion does not depend on the vanadium content, unexposed on the surface. The activation of the C-H bond of propane is controlled by an intrinsic properties of the HAp structure, in relation with the thermally activated formation of strong basic O2- anions. Their in situ formation results from the progressive dehydration of OH- columns via an ionic conduction process by protons that is enhanced under catalytic conditions. Due to the tetrameric environment of vanadium in Ca2V2O7 against isolated tetrahedra in the solid solution, redox exchanges are facilitated, improving the selectivity in propene. The intimate contact between the two phases and the formation of a coherent interface leads to an optimal yield in propene, due to synergistic effects of the two phases
Petit, Sarah. "Influence de l'incorporation du vanadium dans l'hydroxyapatite sur la réaction d'oxydation déshydrogénante du propane." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2017PA066620.pdf.
Full textIn order to fill the gap between propene supply and demand, the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP) is an alternative solution to the direct dehydrogenation process. Vanadium-modified hydroxyapatites (HAp) are bifunctional catalysts combining acid-base and redox properties which were shown to be of interest for the ODHP reaction. In order to optimize this system, the aim of the work was to investigate the catalytic behavior of the vanadium-modified hydroxyapatites and to establish structure reactivity relationships. By peculiar attention was devoted to the control of synthesis. Provided high pH value is maintained during the synthesis, the Ca10(PO4)6-x(VO4)x(OH)2 solid solution was successfully obtained for x 0→ 6, whereas at lower pH, a mixture of Vx-HAp solid solution and of Ca2V2O7 was obtained from x ≥ 4. For the solid solution, contrary to propene selectivity, the propane conversion does not depend on the vanadium content, unexposed on the surface. The activation of the C-H bond of propane is controlled by an intrinsic properties of the HAp structure, in relation with the thermally activated formation of strong basic O2- anions. Their in situ formation results from the progressive dehydration of OH- columns via an ionic conduction process by protons that is enhanced under catalytic conditions. Due to the tetrameric environment of vanadium in Ca2V2O7 against isolated tetrahedra in the solid solution, redox exchanges are facilitated, improving the selectivity in propene. The intimate contact between the two phases and the formation of a coherent interface leads to an optimal yield in propene, due to synergistic effects of the two phases
Boulangé, Agathe. "Synthèse d'analogues de l'épicocconone par réaction d'oxydation désaromatisante : relation structure fluorescences et application en protéomique." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735882.
Full textZils, Régis. "Réactions hétéro-homogènes de pyrolyse et d'oxydation de l'isobutane, vers 800 K : étude cinétique et modélisation." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10275.
Full textMonnet, Franck. "Étude de la réaction d'oxydation partielle du méthane à hautes températures et en réacteur à temps courts." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10241.
Full textVanel, Rémi. "Conception de catalyseurs d'oxydation non métalliques utilisant l'oxygène de l'air." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENV058/document.
Full textN-Hydroxytetraphenylphthalimide (NHTPPI) exhibits a better catalytic activity than N-hydroxyphtalimide (NHPI) in the aerobic oxidation of organic substrates. Two new routes to functionalized analogs of NHTPPI have been studied. The first one involves a Diels-Alder reaction between polyaromatic thiophene oxides or dioxides and maleimide or maleic anhydrid. Several limitations make this approach difficult to generalize. In the second approach, the key step is a cycloaddition between tetracyclones or acecyclones and 2-bromomaleimide to directly give the phthalimide framework by decarbonylation and deshydrobromation of the Diels-Alder adduct. This versatile and efficient methodology allowed us to introduce various functional groups on the aromatic cycles borne by the central ring, and thus, new NHTPPI analogs, along with N-hydroxydiarylacenaphthophtalimides, were obtained in only three to five steps. Axial chirality was underlined in the diarylacenaphtophtalimide family and resolution of enantiomers was carried out in one case, which opens a way to new chiral analogs of NHPI. The new N-hydroxyimides exhibit excellent performances as catalysts in aerobic oxidation, superior to NHPI and, in some cases, to NHTPPI
Vanel, Remi. "Conception de catalyseurs d'oxydation non métalliques utilisant l'oxygène de l'air." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00650134.
Full textCarsol, Marie-Ange. "Etude de la réaction d'oxydation du glutathion par la glutathion péroxydase et possibilités d'utilisation à des fins analytiques." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30057.
Full textBraesch, Guillaume. "Electrocatalyseurs pour la Réaction d'Oxydation des Borohydrures : des surfaces modèles aux électrodes non-nobles de piles à combustible." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI059.
Full textDirect Borohydride Fuel Cell (DBFC) is a promising alkaline fuel cell technology for portable and mobile applications. The use of solid sodium borohydride powder (NaBH4) as a substitute fuel to gaseous hydrogen (in a PEMFC) is advantageous in terms of storage and safety concerns. Once diluted in a strong alkaline solution, it is possible to electro-oxidize it through the Borohydride Oxidation Reaction (BOR) which presents interesting properties in terms of energy generation. However, this anodic reaction is really complex and involves several intermediate species and reaction pathways. Moreover, in the pas it has been mainly investigated in laboratory conditions and using Platinum Group Metals (PGM) electrocatalysts. Meanwhile, since the BOR occurs in alkaline media it is possible to use non-noble materials to catalyse this reaction. The main objectives of this PhD, falling within the MobiDiC project funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR), are therefore (i) to explore the effect of the borohydride concentration on the reaction kinetics on the noble catalysts and particularly on palladium (since the mechanism of the BOR is poorly known on this metal), (ii) to find a non-noble material active towards the BOR and (iii) to develop low-cost DBFC anode with an optimized architecture to maximize its efficiency towards the BOR.The results presented in this manuscript highlight the important poisoning of the PGM catalysts surface by intermediate species, which results in significant BOR efficiency loss mainly owing to slower charge transfer kinetics. Palladium hydrides were demonstrated to form in presence of borohydride, modifying the pathway of the reaction. In a second time, nickel nanoparticles, obtained by electrodeposition, were proven as performing non-noble catalysts only if their state of surface is precisely controlled and maintained metallic. DBFC performance matching the one using Pt-based anode was obtained with this Ni-based electrocatalysts supported on carbon paper. From this point, the anode support was replaced by Ni 3D structure and optimized to reach higher performance
Mingot, Bernard. "Préparation et caractérisation de nouveaux catalyseurs MoO3 orientés [100] : sensibilité à la structure dans la réaction d'oxydation du propène." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10207.
Full textLopez, Sarah. "De nouveaux biocatalyseurs hétérogènes pour des réactions d'oxydation : des cristaux de métalloenzymes artificielles." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV022/document.
Full textSince the industrial revolution, chemistry has continually thriven by developing new efficient processes at the expense of the environment. As an example, oxidation reactions are performed under harsh conditions with the use of toxic oxidants. With the emergence of green chemistry, catalytic processes using physiological metals and soft oxidants are privileged. Combining the advantages of biocatalysis and homogeneous catalysis, the design of novel bioinspired catalysts, consisting on the synthesis of artificial enzymes has recently emerged. These hybrids are composed of an inorganic complex, driving the reactivity of the enzyme, inserted into a protein, which drives the reaction selectivity. The thesis described new developments in original artificial metalloenzymes, based on the use of the NikA protein and Fe or Ru catalysts. First, a new hybrid has been developed by anchoring the Ru-bpza complex to NikA to catalyze alkene hydroxychloration with hypervalent iodine. Although excellent catalytic efficiencies were obtained, the stability improvement remains a major challenge for the industrial use of these catalytic processes, especially when oxidation chemistry is concerned. One possible strategy is based on the development of heterogeneous catalysis, by using a crystal/solution version of the artificial metalloenzymes thank to the cross-linked enzyme crystals (CLEC) technology. On the one hand, this technology allows to increase the stability and the recyclability of the catalysts. On the other hand, catalysis can be performed under a various reactions conditions (organic solvent, temperature, pH). Three reactivities have been developed with NikA/FeL-CLEC catalysts: (i) thioether sulfoxidation with NaOCl, (ii) alkene hydroxychloration with Oxone® and chloride source and (iii) oxidative cleavage of alkenes by O2 activation. To go further, new reactivities in cascade reactions have been explored combining either NikA-based CLEC developed, or different homogenous catalysts
Colin, Lionel. "Influence de vapeurs siliconées sur la réactivité catalytique de platine vis à vis de la réaction d'oxydation totale du méthane." Nancy 1, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1994_0429_COLIN.pdf.
Full textKiared, Karim. "Étude et analyse de la réaction d'oxydation du dioxyde de soufre (so#2) dans un réacteur triphasé du type verlifix." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL041N.
Full textBouafia-Chergui, S. "Dégradation des colorants textiles par procédés d'oxydation avancée basée sur la réaction de Fenton. Application à la dépollution des rejets industriels." Phd thesis, Université de Marne la Vallée, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00740134.
Full textChergui, Souâd. "Dégradation des colorants textiles par procédés d'oxydation avancée basée sur la réaction de Fenton : application à la dépollution des rejets industriels." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00582374.
Full textTounsi, Nassera. "Synthèse et étude des propriétés complexantes de ligands dérivés des acides lactique et tartrique : Application à la réaction d'oxydation du catéchol." Reims, 2006. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000448.pdf.
Full textLigands derived from lactic acid and ligands bis-amide derived from tartaric were synthesized by ester aminolysis. These functionalized ligands are original molecules which present the particularity to be water-soluble. The thermodynamic stability of complexes formed with those ligands with transition metal and coordination mode were studied by using various techniques: potentiometry, UV-visible spectrophotometry and mass spectrometry. Complexation proprieties depend on the atoms located in lateral chain. In solid state, complexes of copper(II), nickel(II) and cobalt(II) were synthesized. They were characterized by X-Ray diffraction and/or X-Ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS). Study of magnetic and electrochemical properties of certain complexes was also led. Catalytic activity of dinuclear copper complexes was studied by using oxidation of catechol into quinone
Nguyen, Van Nuoi Patrick. "Optimisation du catalyseur supporté sur β-SiC pour la réaction d'oxydation directe de l'H2S en soufre élémentaire, du laboratoire à l'industrie." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/NGUYEN_VAN_NUOI_Patrick_2006.pdf.
Full textLiao, Xuemei. "Catalyseurs à base d'or supporté sur des oxydes minéraux pour la réaction d'oxydation préférentielle du monoxyde de carbone en présence d'hydrogène (PROX)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAF053.
Full textThe catalytic activity of gold for CO preferential oxidation in rich hydrogen (PROX) is generally influenced by various parameters such as the nature of support, the addition of a promoter, the particle size or the pre-treatment. Therefore, the objectives of this work were to clarify the influence of these parameters on a series of modified gold catalysts in PROX reaction. In a 1rst part, we have studied a system based on Au supported on Ce-Fe oxides prepared by co-precipitation or impregnation with various Ce/Fe ratios. The doping of CeO2 by iron led to the formation of a solid solution which improved the PROX activity due to an increase of the oxygen mobility. In a 2nd part, a series of supports (Al2O3, CeO2, and Ce2Zr2O7) was evaluated in order to load Au, Cu or Au-Cu. The combination of Au-Cu/CeO2 was shown to be the best system. The influence of Au/Cu (1/3, 1/1 or 3/1) ratio was therefore undertaken along with the effect of the pre-treatment (calcination or reduction). The catalysts have been systematically characterized by physico-chemical techniques (BET, XRD, TEM, XPS, TPR, FTIR). The kinetics of PROX reaction and CO oxidation mechanism on Au-Cu/CeO2 were explored and correlated with an FTIR study. The catalytic performances of these catalysts are strongly dependent upon the particle size of the metal, the chemical state of gold, the gold-support interaction and the surface distribution of Au and Cu. We have proposed a CO oxidation mechanism in which adsorbed CO reacts with adsorbed O2 to produce CO2
Ciocan, Cristina Elena. "Matériaux lamellaires nanocomposites : synthèse et applications." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENCM0008.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was the optimization of the synthesis and catalytic performances of nanocomposites materials containing W and Mo in the oxidation with H2O2 of a wide range of model organic compounds. The work achieved during this thesis is the development of new heterogeneous catalysts for the oxidation reaction who is carried out selectively in homogeneous catalytic systems, heterogeneous catalysis is still much more promising in future. The oxidation reaction of sulfur compounds has great interest, especially in the removal of organic sulfur compounds (thiophene, sulfide) contained in fuels and petroleum fractions, performed in mild conditions of temperature and pressure in the presence of H2O2. In this study were as follows : 1. elaboration of materials : a) preparation of precursors of type hydrotalcites (HDL) based on Mg-Al-NO3, Mg-Al-Ni-terephthalate and Mg-Al-NO3. b) preparation of hybrid materials by intercalation species of Mo and W by two synthetic routes : reaction of anion-exchange and hydrothermal synthesis. 2. characterization of the structure, texture and nature of catalytic sites by different techniques : XRD, nitrogen adsorption, TGA, Raman spectroscopy and UV-Vis, SEM, etc. 3. application of these catalysts in the reaction of oxidation of sulfur compounds (sulfides, thiophenes, sulfoxides), epoxidation of cyclooctene and oxidation of anthracene. The catalysts were stable under operating conditions
Bach, Delpeuch Antoine. "Etude du mécanisme de la réaction d'oxydation de l'éthanol sur électrocatalyseurs à base de Pt, Rh, SnO2 sur support carboné en milieu acide." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI089/document.
Full textThe study of the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) mechanism was performed on carbon supported bi- and tri-metallic Pt-, Rh-, SnO2-based electrocatalysts via electrochemical coupled techniques (DEMS, in situ FTIR). Two of the most important issues related to the EOR have been broached: the dehydrogenation of the ethanol molecule and its C-C bond breaking.The investigation of some experimental parameters, such as the thickness of the electrocatalyst layer, enabled demonstrating the better complete ethanol electrooxidation into CO2 for large electrocatalysts layers, combined to the enhanced poisoning effect inside the catalyst layer by very strong adsorbates.The performances of each electrocatalyst were compared and evidenced an improved selectivity of the EOR on Pt-Rh-SnO2/C, as well as the generation of higher currents at low potential at room temperature. The tendency was amplified at elevated temperatures (T = 60 °C)
Fontaine, Céline. "Etude cinétique de la réaction d'oxydation de CO2 sur des catalyseurs à base de rhodium : nature du site catalytique et influence du support." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066262.
Full textCaupène, Caroline. "Nouveaux accès aux ions sulfinates et sulfénates." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00195177.
Full textBezerra, De Moraes Medeiros Éliane. "Étude comparative de deux réacteurs catalytiques triphasés à co-courant descendant en présence de la réaction d'oxydation du dioxyde de soufre sur charbon actif." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL013N.
Full textHeidinger, Bertrand. "Synthèse par broyage réactif de perovskites (La,Sr,Ce)(Mn,Fe,Co)O3 : Caractérisation et propriétés catalytiques dans la réaction d'oxydation totale du toluène." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R057.
Full textPerovskite ABO3 materials (A: La; B: Mn, Fe, Co) have been synthesized by an original reactive grinding method, which has the advantage of being very simple to use, inexpensive and involves little or no solvent. The synthesis was carried out in three successive steps: (i) high temperature calcination to obtain the perovskite structure from the respective single oxides; (ii) high energy grinding to reduce the size of the crystalline domain (Dc) from micrometric to nanometric level by fractionation; (iii) low energy grinding to increase the specific surface area by deagglomeration of the particles. The materials obtained after these three steps showed reduced crystallite sizes (Dc ~10-20 nm), a reasonable specific surface area (respectively 10, 19 and 20 m2·g-1 for LaMnO3,15, LaFeO3 and LaCoO3) and increased reducibility of the B site. The improvement of the textural and redox properties of materials leads to a significant improvement in catalytic performance with respect to the total oxidation reaction of toluene. The LaCoO3 composition presented the best results and this formulation was then used as the starting point for evaluating the impact of the substitution of strontium or cerium at site A: La1-xSrxCoO3 (x = 0.05-0.40) and La1-xCexCoO3 (x = 0.01-0.20). The substituted materials showed similar textural properties and catalytic properties superior to the non-substituted reference (LaCoO3), with an optimum observed for La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 and La0.99Ce0.01CoO3. For La1-xCexCoO3, only a small amount of cerium can be inserted into the structure, with a secondary CeO2 phase forming beyond and poisoning the catalyst. In the case of La1-xSrxCoO3, the incorporation of strontium is complete, inducing: (i) a localized structural disorder allowing better oxygen mobility, as well as (ii) a significant modification of cobalt reducibility, up to its total reduction at low temperature for the highest strontium contents
Heidinger, Bertrand. "Synthèse par broyage réactif de perovskites (La,Sr,Ce) (Mn,Fe,Co)O3 : caractérisation et propriétés catalytiques dans la réaction d'oxydation totale du toluène." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69021.
Full textPerovskite ABO3 materials (A: La; B: Mn, Fe, Co) have been synthesized by an original reactive grinding method, which has the advantage of being very simple to use, inexpensive and involves little or no solvent. The synthesis was carried out in three successive steps: (i) high temperature calcination to obtain the perovskite structure from the respective single oxides; (ii) high energy grinding to reduce the size of the crystalline domain (Dc) from micrometric to nanometric level by fractionation; (iii) low energy grinding to increase the specific surface area by deagglomeration of the particles. The materials obtained after these three steps showed reduced crystallite sizes (Dc ~10-20 nm), a reasonable specific surface area (respectively 10, 19 and 20 m2·g-1 for LaMnO3,15, LaFeO3 and LaCoO3) and increased reducibility of the B site. The improvement of the textural and redox properties of materials leads to a significant improvement in catalytic performance with respect to the total oxidation reaction of toluene. The LaCoO3 composition presented the best results and this formulation was then used as the starting point for evaluating the impact of the substitution of strontium or cerium at site A: La1-xSrxCoO3 (x = 0.05-0.40) and La1-xCexCoO3 (x = 0.01-0.20). The substituted materials showed similar textural properties and catalytic properties superior to the non-substituted reference (LaCoO3), with an optimum observed for La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 and La0.99Ce0.01CoO3. For La1-xCexCoO3, only a small amount of cerium can be inserted into the structure, with a secondary CeO2 phase forming beyond and poisoning the catalyst. In the case of La1-xSrxCoO3, the incorporation of strontium is complete, inducing: (i) a localized structural disorder allowing better oxygen mobility, as well as (ii) a significant modification of cobalt reducibility, up to its total reduction at low temperature for the highest strontium contents.Accéder en ligneIl est disponible au sein de la bibliothèque de l'établissement de soutenance.
De, Souza e. Silva Paula Tereza. "Étude des procédés d'oxydation avancés pour le traitement de sols pollués par des Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL014N/document.
Full textRemediation of soils contaminated by persistent organic pollutants like Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been widely developed after the discovery of thousands of contaminated sites all over the world. Among the organic pollutants, PAHs are considered as biorefractory compounds, relatively immobile in soils, toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic. Several techniques have been studied to remove these pollutants from soils, as the Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) that have been proposed in recent years. AOPs are considered as an attractive alternative able to clean up matrices contaminated by refractory substances. In this work, AOPs have been studied to assess their efficacy in the oxidation of PAHs contained in four soil samples from Brazil and France. These AOPs were: (i) treatment by Fenton reactant (H2O2 and Fe(II), (ii) Fenton-like reactant, i.e. Fenton reactant without Fe(II) addition, considering that naturally occurring minerals provided Fe(II), (iii) and (iv) the same treatment with UV radiation, so-called photo-Fenton and photo-Fenton like reactions, and eventually (v) potassium permanganate. In each case, the optimal conditions were determined following factorial designs. Moreover, treatment selectivity was investigated, comparing the oxidation of lower and higher molecular weight PAHs. The formation of oxidation by-procducts was also assessed. To finish, the quality of treated soils was evaluated, by measuring the physico-chemical properties and above all by germination and growth experiments with ray grass chosen as a model plant. The objective was to assess if the treatments allowed further revegetation. In all cases, good oxidation results were reached. Concerning the evaluation of soil quality, it was shown that the treatment by KMnO4, was not compatible with further revegetation. Fenton’s reactant had a good effect on soil quality for further revegetation
Remediação de solos contaminados por poluentes orgânicos persistentes tem merecido destaque devido a descoberta de milhares de áreas contaminadas em todo mundo. Dentre os poluentes orgânicos, que merecem atenção encontram-se os hidrocarbonetos políciclicos aromáticos (HPAs) pois são compostos recalcitrantes, relativamente imóvel no solo, tóxicos, carcinogênicos e mutagênicos. Várias técnicas vêm sendo estudada a fim de remover estes poluentes dos solos podendo citar atualmente os Processos Oxidativos Avançados (POAs). Os POAs trata-se de um tratamento alternativo capaz de degradar das matrizes contaminadas por substâncias refratárias. Neste trabalho, os POAs têm sido estudado para avaliar seu comportamento na oxidação dos HPAs em quatro diferentes tipos de solo, originados do Brasil e da França. Avaliou-se como esses processos se comportam em relação a uma antiga e recente contaminação, bem como avaliar a existência da seletividade em relação aos HPAs de baixo e alto peso molecular e identificar a possibilidade de formação de intermediários de oxidação. Também pretende-se analisar a qualidade do solo após o tratamento visando avaliar se este solo pode ser revegetalizado ou torna-se inerte. Os POAs que aplicados nestes solos foram: Reagente de Fenton, Reagente Fenton-like, Reagente Foto-Fenton empregando-se a radiação natural e artificial, Reagente Foto-Fenton like e Permanganato de Potássio. De uma maneira geral, resultados satisfatórios foram alcançados em todos os solos estudados para a oxidação dos HPAs pelos POAs. Em relação a avaliação da qualidade dos solos da França após aplicar os POAs , o tratamento por Permanganato de Potássio não foi compatível com o processo de revegetalização. Já o tratamento por reagente de Fenton foi compatível ao processo e ainda observou uma melhora no crescimento das plantas quando comparado ao solo contaminado
Rozé, Emmanuel. "Processus élémentaires associés à la réaction d'oxydation de CO à basses températures sur des catalyseurs à base de Palladium et d'Or supportés sur Al2O3 et SiO2." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807672.
Full textMantilla, Miguel. "Structure de films supportés : polarité de films MgO/Ag (111)- évolution de la morphologie d'agrégats Au/ TiO2(111) lors de la réaction catalytique d'oxydation du Co." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066195.
Full textSégaud, Nathalie. "Étude de l'activation réductrice du dioxygène par un complexe de fer (II) et nouveaux complexes hétérodinucléaires : contributions pour le développement de catalyseurs d'oxydation bioinspirés." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00953581.
Full textHaddou, Ménana. "Dégradation de dérivés de l'acide benzoïque par les procédés d'oxydation avancée en phase homogène et hétérogène : procédés Fenton, photo-Fenton et photocatalyse." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/871/.
Full textThis work was carried out in the field of water treatment using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), especially Fenton and photo-Fenton processes and heterogeneous TiO2 photocatalysis. The mechanism of the oxidative degradation of a model pollutant, 2. 4 dihydroxybenzoicacid (2,4-DHBA) by the Fenton and photo-Fenton processes was investigated in detail using several analytical techniques (UV-visible spectrophotometry, HPLC, LC-MS, ion chromatography, TOC measurements). The results show that the early stage of oxidation of the pollutant is common to both processes. However, mineralization could only be achieved under irradiation (photo-Fenton) and the importance of parameters such as oxygenation conditions at this stage of the reaction was demonstrated. The complexation of Fe(III) and its consequences during the oxidation of benzoic acid derivatives by the Fenton and photo-Fenton-like processes were investigated. The comparison of the photochemical reactivity of [aromatic acid-Fe(III)] complexes for the production of Fe(II) with that of others iron(III)-complexes (such as ferriaquo complexes and ferrioxalate) showed the relative photochemical stability of [aromatic acid-Fe(III)] complexes under UV-visible irradiation. The identification of reducing species (e. G. , hydroquinone) at key reaction times provided an explanation for the observed autocatalytic kinetic profiles during the oxidation of aromatic acids by Fenton and photo-Fenton like processes. In the field of heterogeneous photocatalysis, new doped (sulfur, cerium(III), iron(III))-TiO2 photocatalysts were synthesized by a sol-gel method. They were characterized by X-ray diffraction, BET and UV-visible spectrophotometry. All of them absorb visible light (400-800nm). Their photocatalytic efficiency was tested on the oxidation of 2,4-DHBA. Under our conditions, iron(III) doping was detrimental for photocalytic efficiency under UV-irradiation and no improvement was observed under visible-irradiation. The new S and Ce(III) doped TiO2 showed a higher photocatalytic efficiency in the visible region than that obtained using commercial TiO2 (P25, Degussa), traditionally employed in photocatalysis
Mansour, Abdellah El. "Chimie organométallique de surface sur métaux : étude de la préparation de catalyseurs bimétalliques par réaction de Sn(Bu)4 avec le catalyseur Rh-SiO2 sous différents états d'oxydation." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO11713.
Full textDesmartin, Chomel Arnold. "Etude par spectrométrie raman in situ du comportement catalytique de phosphates de vanadium (V-P-O) au cours de la réaction d'oxydation du n-butane en anhydride maléique." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECDL0064.
Full textOlivon, Kevin. "Procédés catalytiques et outils millifluidiques : applications aux réactions de Friedel-Crafts et d'oxydation." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0143.
Full textThe search for new methods for the acquisition of physical and chemical reactions by limiting the effect on humans is of great importance for modern chemistry. The use of new miniaturized tools can limit the quantities of chemicals used while increasing research productivity. Indeed, the study of the various parameters monitored simultaneously increases the number of experimentsfor a given time. Nevertheless, this step must be performed after prior determination ofthe key parameters of the reaction by the use of high flow tools such as robotics. These tools are used for optimization and the search for new synthetic pathway of a reaction of industrial interest. In addition, to meet the interests of heterogeneous catalysis in industry for easier separation and recycling of these catalysts, we have developed two miniaturized tools. These allow the study and data acquisition of chemical reactions catalyzed by solid. Development was registeredin two stages : a physical characterization tools and the study of an industrial model reaction, the acylation of anisole with zeolite catalysts
Belaroui, Lala Setti. "Préparation et caractérisation des argiles à piliers mixtes Al-Fe et leurs applications comme catalyseurs dans la réaction d'oxydation de Baeyer-Villiger et extension à d'autres catalyseurs à base de fer." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10051.
Full textThe present study concerns the valorization of algerian clay’s from Maghnia city. The purification treatment realized on the natural clay allowed to eliminate a significant number of impurities and to confirm that it is a montmorillonite type clay named Lalithe with a bedeillitic character. The preparation of the clay pillared with Fe led to delaminated clay but when the clay was pillared with Al-Fe starting with chlorhydrol as aluminium source. A stable pillared-clay presenting reproducible textural and structural properties was obtained. The characterization of three series of pillared compounds showed that with the polycation Al13 as source of aluminium iron could also be inserted and Al-Fe mixed pillars Al-Fe with an optimum quantity of aluminium of 10 mmol/g of clay obtained. Mössbauer spectroscopy showed a possible substitution of aluminium by iron in the polycation Al13. Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone to caprolactone was studied with Al-Fe pillared Clays using oxygen as oxidantive agent. A complete conversion was observed with a high selectivity. The reaction was indeed catalyzed by dissolved iron cations and the catalysis of the reaction of oxidation of Baeyer-Villiger should be considered as homogeneous. However, it has been shown that the reaction could be carried out in heterogeneous phase not in the presence of pillared clays but with a new catalyst corresponding to iron phthalocyanine supported on silica and leading to a selectivity in caprolactone higher than 95% for a cyclohexanone conversion of 60 %. The characterization of the reaction medium after catalytic test enabled to confirm that the iron phthalocyanine grafted on silica was a true heterogeneous catalyst, which opens new prospects for research with the use of these synthetic pigments as intercalating agent in the smectites for applications in the reaction of Baeyer-Villiger
Volk, Christian. "Contrôle de la matière organique biodégradable au cours des traitements d'oxydation et de la distribution des eaux d'alimentation." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529964.
Full textOlu, Pierre-Yves. "Etude de l'anode pour la pile à combustible directe aux borohydrures." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI101/document.
Full textThe present work focuses on direct borohydride fuel cell (DBFC) anodes. A first approach to develop a suitable anode design for the DBFC consists in the study of the anode within the real DBFC system. In that frame, carbon-supported platinum and palladium nanoparticles are characterized and compared as anode electrocatalyst in DBFC configuration. Other variables such as the morphology of the anode and the stability of the catalyst nanoparticles are considered.The ideal DBFC anode catalyst should show a suitable electrocatalytic activity towards the borohydride oxidation reaction (BOR), without quantitative production/escape of gaseous hydrogen during the reaction. Studying these aspects is not straightforward using a real DBFC system, as the global behavior of the DBFC depends on numerous experimental variables external to the anode. In order to overcome this issue, a prospective anode catalyst can be isolated and specifically studied in half-cell configuration in a more controlled environment. The different methods possible for the evaluation of an electrocatalyst for the anode of the DBFC are discussed in this work, and benchmarks are proposed to compare a given material with the DBFC literature.Another strategy to develop suitable DBFC anode catalysts is to further understand the BOR mechanism. In that frame, the BOR is studied on model platinum-based electrodes with different levels of complexity. Bulk polycrystalline and single-crystals Pt flat electrodes enable to study the structure sensitivity of the BOR. The poisoning of the Pt active surface is investigated using Pt nanoparticles supported on flat glassy carbon substrate. Three-dimensional electrodes are also surveyed: Pt nanoparticles supported on vertically-aligned carbon nanofiber electrodes. The deposition of various amounts of Pt nanoparticles on the VACNF substrate enables to study the influence of the density of Pt active sites towards the BOR. The findings obtained using these model electrodes are gathered with previous results from the literature in order to propose a BOR mechanism on Pt. This mechanism is used in a mean-field microkinetics model. The simulated curves of this mechanism reproduce the main experimental features
Darracq, Stéphane. "Contribution à l'étude des corrélations entre stoechiométrie, structure, liaison chimique et propriétes physico-chimiques de perovskites oxygénées renfermant un élément 3d a un degrè d'oxydation inusuel (Cu(III), Cu(IV), Fe(IV))." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136172.
Full textOshchepkov, Alexandr. "Investigation of the hydrogen electrode reactions on Ni electrocatalysts in alkaline medium." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF071/document.
Full textThe present thesis is mainly focused on the influence of the surface state of Ni electrodes on the kinetics and the mechanism of the hydrogen oxidation/evolution reactions (HOR/HER) in alkaline medium. By combining the results of electrochemical measurements with microkinetic modeling, it was shown that specific activity of Ni in the HOR/HER increases up to 10 times if along with metallic Ni, Ni oxide species are present on the electrode surface. In addition, the effect of the addition of a second metal to Ni electrocatalysts on their activity in the HOR/HER was investigated for NiMo/C and NiCu/C systems. In both cases an enhancement of specific activity was observed in comparison with the reference Ni/C sample, which was assigned to a decrease of the adsorption energy of the hydrogen intermediate on Ni participating in the HOR/HER
Abdulaeva, Inna. "Imidazoporphyrines fonctionnalisées et leurs applications en catalyse." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCK053/document.
Full textA broad series of functionalized imidazo[4,5-b]porphyrins was synthesized by the acid-catalyzed condensation of 2,3-dioxo-5,10,15,20-tetraarylchlorins with aromatic aldehydes. Both steric and electronic features of meso-aryl substituents influence on the product yield ranging from 18% to 90%.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the structure of zinc(II) 5,10,15,20-tetramesityl-2-(4-pyridyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]porphyrinate showed that this compound forms 1D coordination chains in the solid state.The post-synthetic modifications of imidazo[4,5-b]porphyrins were investigated by performing the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction, preparing water-soluble imidazoporphyrins and linear/angular bis(imidazo)porphyrins.Several methods of grafting of imidazoporphyrins on the surface of mesoporous TiO2 and ZrO2 were investigated to prepare hybrid materials for catalysis.Then, it was demonstrated that indium(III) 5,10,15,20-tetramesityl-2-(4-diethoxyphospho-rylphenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]porphyrinate catalyzes the photooxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides by oxygen from air. This complex grafted on TiO2 surface was efficient as a reusable catalyst in spite of partial (1%) leaching of imidazoporphyrin in solution. TiO2-supported manganese(III) 5,10,15,20-tetramesityl-2-(4-diethoxyphosphoryl-phenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]porphyrinate was employed for catalytic oxidation of a broad range of sulfides by pure oxygen in the presence of isobutyraldehyde. All sulfoxides were obtained in high yields (>89%). The catalyst was reused in 7 consecutive cycles without loss of its efficiency and selectivity. Leaching of the catalyst was not observed under studied conditions
Cuzan, Olesea. "Synthesis and characterization of new transition metal complexes for catalytic oxidation and electrolytic proton reduction." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4356/document.
Full textNowadays, the ability to synthesize new bioinspired metal catalysts to improve and broaden the spectrum of catalytic activity is of paramount importance for sustainable chemistry respectful for our environment. This thesis is focused on the design of transition metal complexes (copper and palladium) based on two different classes of organic ligands: benzotriazolyl-phenolates and phosphonates.Different original complexes based on palladium and copper were synthetized from benzotriazolyl-phenolate and phosphonates ligands. The characterization of the new compounds was performed by different physical and physico-chemical methods (electrochemistry, EPR, UV-vis, IR, X-ray crystallography) and quantum chemistry. The generation and characterization of different reduced and oxidized species helped us in the possible mechanisms determination. The obtained compounds were successfully employed as catalysts in different processes as: hydrogen production, alcohol oxidation and DNA cleavage
Ferré, Géraldine. "Étude des propriétés dynamiques du catalyseur Pt/CeO2." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m6qj7gnq.
Full textEuropean regulation against cars’ pollution is more and more tough. Car’s constructors have to develop new solutions to limit the impact on the population. One possible improvement for the actual depollution systems is to start the catalysis at low temperature to reduce the pollution from cold start. The major objective of this thesis’ research has been to understand the evolution of the catalyst Pt/CeO2 during several REDOX cycles in order to improve the oxidation performances of CO, C3H6 and NO at low temperature. To simulate NOXTRAP conditions, gas pulses of rich and lean atmosphere have improved catalytic performances for CO oxidation. In situ characterization aren’t compatible with these kind of activation. Therefore, REDOX sequences have been established with 1 h under reductive atmosphere and 1 h under oxidative atmosphere. Three kind of configurations for the Pt atoms have been observed by MET after theses kind of sequences in function of the temperature: 3D Nps, raft and single atoms. By using various characterization technics: Raman, TPS, CO chemisorption, XANES, XPS, the results demonstrate that the most effective site come from the probable cluster Pt8O14. In this configuration the platinum is in Pt2+ electronic stat with Pt-O-Pt bonds. On this kind of particles, Mars-Van Krevlen mechanism isn’t applicable for CO oxidation. For NO and propene bigger particles are needed for improve performances. The dynamics of formation and dispersion of the particles led to the build of optimum dispersity for the reactions of oxidation and the use of REDOX of activation leads successfully to the formation of active Pt/CeO2 catalyst
Cuzan, Olesea. "Synthesis and characterization of new transition metal complexes for catalytic oxidation and electrolytic proton reduction." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4356.
Full textNowadays, the ability to synthesize new bioinspired metal catalysts to improve and broaden the spectrum of catalytic activity is of paramount importance for sustainable chemistry respectful for our environment. This thesis is focused on the design of transition metal complexes (copper and palladium) based on two different classes of organic ligands: benzotriazolyl-phenolates and phosphonates.Different original complexes based on palladium and copper were synthetized from benzotriazolyl-phenolate and phosphonates ligands. The characterization of the new compounds was performed by different physical and physico-chemical methods (electrochemistry, EPR, UV-vis, IR, X-ray crystallography) and quantum chemistry. The generation and characterization of different reduced and oxidized species helped us in the possible mechanisms determination. The obtained compounds were successfully employed as catalysts in different processes as: hydrogen production, alcohol oxidation and DNA cleavage
Lafforgue, Clémence. "Activité et mécanismes de dégradation d'électrocatalyseurs anodiques pour la pile directe à borohydrures." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI055/document.
Full textThe direct borohydride fuel cell (DBFC), a subclass of alkaline fuel cells, benefits from the advantages of its fuel, sodium borohydride (NaBH4), which exhibits very interesting thermodynamic and energetic characteristics. However, the NaBH4 electrooxidation reaction (BOR) is very complex; to date it remains poorly studied and understood on many electrocatalysts (most of them are in the form of metal nanoparticles supported on carbon black). In addition, recent studies reported the aggressiveness of the alkaline medium on the durability of conventional carbon-supported electrocatalysts, revealing a large loss of the active catalytic surface, mainly due to the detachment of nanoparticles from the carbon support. In this context, this thesis focused on three main areas of study: (i) the study of the BOR on palladium-based electrocatalysts in conditions close to the real operating conditions of the DBFC; (ii) the study of the impact of the anode structure on the overall performance of the DBFC, and (iii) the study of the degradation mechanism of noble metal electrocatalysts in alkaline environment. The experiments were carried out in close collaboration with the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (Washington, USA).The results obtained showed that a high concentration of NaBH4 leads to a decrease of the reaction kinetics, due in part to poisoning of the catalytic surface. In addition, activity markers for the BOR have been proposed. Then, the use of catalysts-gradient electrodes proved to be a promising solution to better valorize the hydrogen produced via side reactions of the BOR. Finally, the use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy coupled with identical-location transmission electron microscopy enabled to detect the formation of carbonates during the accelerated stress test of carbon-supported noble metal electrocatalysts in alkaline medium, explaining, in part, the detachment of nanoparticles observed during the test