Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réaction au rayonnement'
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Masse, François. "Cinétique de photolyse d’oxydes d’azote sous rayonnement UV." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9795.
Full textSanchez, i. Zafra Angel. "Mécanismes de réaction dans la collision 24Mg sur 12C à Elab=130 MeV." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR13116.
Full textThis work, which is based on the study of reaction mechanisms between “light-heavy” ions (A<60), falls under the continuity of the research programme led to the IPHC of Strasbourg with the multidetector of -radiation EUROBALL IV associated with the charched particle detector Binary Reaction trigger Spectometer (BRS). The goal of this work was to study the reaction mechanisms in the collision 24Mg + 12C in Elab = 130 MeV. The exclusive experimental data, the energy distributions of the reaction fragments and their angular distributions were analyzed by means of the program data8m. Thanks to the spectroscopic power of EUROBALL/BRS setup, new information on the N = Z nuclei 16O and 24Mg with -substructure has been deduced. The population of states of high energies shows that specific nuclei sustein very large elongations during the collision. New results were obtained on the spectroscopy of the 16O nucleus with the discovery of new transitions between states located at high excitation energies E* > 10 MeV. The possibility of the ternary decays from hyperdeformed 36Ar was also discussed in a qualitative way in agreement with the predictions of the generalized rotating liquid drop model
Brault, Léandre. "Mesurabilité, avec le détecteur DELPHI, de la masse et de la largeur du z⁰ par la réaction e+e⁻ →μ⁺ μ⁻ γ₁. . . γn (mous)." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112365.
Full textLiatard, Éric. "Mesures de sections efficaces totales de réaction avec des faisceaux d'ions lourds stables et radioactifs par la méthode du rayonnement associé." Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10143.
Full textTobbeche, Saïd. "Étude du rayonnement gamma statistique de haute énergie émis dans la réaction ¹⁶ O+¹⁴⁴ Nd et son influence sur la désexcitation du noyau composé¹⁶⁰ Er." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112148.
Full textWe have studied the high energy statistical γ-ray spectrum observed in the fusion-evaporation reaction ¹⁶O + ¹⁴⁴Nd → ¹⁶⁰Er* and the influence of the γ-strength function on the production cross section of the evaporation residues. It was possible to reproduce the measured statistical γ-ray spectra in the framework of the statistical model by assuming that at all excitation energies, the dipole giant resonance. However, our analysis demonstrates that there is a very strong correlation between the parameters of this strength function and the level density parameter. The comparison of the statistical γ-ray spectra obtained at three different excitation energies shows that the high energy part of the spectra comes mainly from the first steps of the decay cascade in direct competition with particle evaporation. This is in agreement with the prediction of the statistical model. By measuring both the statistical γ-ray spectrum and the evaporation residues cross section for the same reaction, it was possible to show that using an energy dependent γ-strength function which describes the measured γ-ray spectrum improves the description of the evaporation residues cross section by the statistical model as compared to the results of more standards calculations where an energy independent dipole strength function at high energy could be a powerful probe of the nuclei far from the Yrast line but that to realize this, it will be necessary to improve our knowledge of the level density proprieties at high excitation energy
Ouedraogo, Boureima. "Modélisation du rayonnement acoustique dans les guides traités par des matériaux absorbants à réaction localisée ou non localisée en présence d'écoulement par la méthode des éléments finis." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00674031.
Full textKhouaja, Abdenbi. "Mesures de section efficace de réaction de noyaux exotiques riches en neutrons dans la zone de fermeture des couches N=20 et N=28." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005507.
Full textDescouvemont, Pierre. "Description microscopique de réactions entre ions lourds associés à un rayonnement électromagnétique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213615.
Full textZanda, Brigitte. "Les réactions nucléaires induites par le rayonnement cosmique dans les météorites de fer." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077172.
Full textRitter, Patxi. "Ondes gravitationnelles et calcul de la force propre pour un astre compact en mouvement autour d'un trou noir super-massif." Thesis, Orléans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ORLE2038/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on modelling the gravitational waves and the relativistic motion associated to Extreme Mass Ratio Inspiral (EMRI) systems. These systems consist of a stellar mass compact object gravitationally captured by a super-massive black hole. In black hole perturbation theory, we further develop a numerical method which computes waveforms generated by a point mass particle orbiting a Schwarzschild black hole. The Regge-Wheeler-Zerilli wave equation is solved in time domain. The gauge invariant solution is related to the polarisation modes, the energy and the angular momentum carried by the gravitational waves. In reaction to the energy and the moment lost, the trajectory is modified all along. In the MiSaTaQuWa formalism, we compute the self-force acting upon a point particle which is initially at rest, and then falling into a Schwarzschild black hole. We show how this quantity is defined in the Regge-Wheeler gauge by using the mode-sum regularisation technique. We take into account the self-force effect on the motion of the particle by using an iterative and osculating orbit method conceived herein. We quantify the orbital deviation with respect to the geodesic motion, but also the perturbed wave forms and the associated radiated energy
Niel, Fabien. "Classical and quantum description of plasma and radiation in strong fields." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS624.
Full textWith the advent of the new generation of petawatt lasers, it will become more and more important in the near future to study strong-field QED. As previously mentioned, it can either serve as a new nonperturbative regime for physics beyond the standard model, allow to understand extreme astro-physics events (such as magnetars), or even become a dominant effect in laser-plasma interaction.However, in all these cases, the system under consideration is not a single particle as usually consid-ered in pure SFQED works, but will be a collection of such particles (either electron/photon beams or pair plasmas etc.). It will therefore be important to understand how the behavior of single particles affect the overall state of the system, and in particular the shape of its electron distribution function and of its radiated spectrum. This is what this work is focused on. The manuscript is organized as fol-lows In chapter 2, we introduce the basis of classical electrodynamics and derive all the results and notations that will be useful in the rest of this thesis. We explain why any accelerated charge radiates an electromagnetic field and compute the spectrum radiated by an ultrarelativistic electron. We show that it follows the well-know synchrotron spectrum. When the energy radiated by the electron is no longer negligible, the emitted radiation will counteract on the trajectory of the particle itself. This is the so-called radiation reaction. We derive the Lorentz-Abraham-Dirac (LAD) equation, that describes the motion of an electron, taking into account radiation reaction (RR). We show that this equation presents unphysical solutions and deduce the Landau-Lifshitz (LL) equation, that we will use to describe RR in the classical regime in the rest of this work. We then consider the solution of the LL equation in simplified fields such as plane-waves or constant uniform magnetic fields. The classical radiation dominated regime (CRDR) is described and the limit of validity of the classical description analyzed. Chapter 3 : when the electron quantum parameter is of the order of unity, emitted photons can have an energy close to that of the emitting electron. In this case, radiation reaction can no longer be treated classically. In this chapter, we present the basis of quantum electrodynamics (QED), which is the framework in which such quantum effects can be computed. We derive the Volkov states that take into account exactly the nonperturbative coupling between the electron and the strong background field. These fields are used in the so-called Furry picture in order to compute the different QED pro-cesses such as the nonlinear Compton scattering or the nonlinear Breit-Wheeler process. The cross-sections for these two processes are then analyzed. Chapter 4 : so far, the description of radiation concerned only single particles. Here we introduce the Vlasov equation that describes the evolution of the function distribution of a set a particles. We then see how to modify this equation in order to take into account classical and quantum RR. The numeri-cal resolution of this equation, together with Maxwell's equations is then described, in particular through the well-known PIC loop. We describe how to modify this classical PIC loop in order to in-clude classical and quantum RR, in particular through the use of a Monte-Carlo module. Chapter 5 : we present the state of the art on RR in our community and a brief introduction to the sec-ond part of this thesis where most of the original results are reported. Chapter 6 : after a brief reminder of the Landau-Lifshitz (LL) equation, which describes radiation re-action (RR) in classical electrodynamics (CED) as a deterministic force in the particle momentum equation, we recall the emission properties of a quantum radiating electron. We then turn our attention to the linear Boltzmann equation which is at the center of the kinetic description of RR explored in this thesis [...]
Zhao, Yifang. "La fixation des colorants réactifs au coton aux moyens du rayonnement infrarouge." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 1999. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1695.
Full textNicolas, Christophe. "Etude de réactions ion-molécule de l'ionosphère de Titan : réactions de N2+ et N+ avec différentes molécules d'hydrocarbures." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112227.
Full textElementary mechanisms involved in gas phase ion-molecule reactions are studied for N2+ and N+ reactions with methane, as well as N2+ reactions with ethane and acetylene, which are important reactions in the Titan ionosphere. We used the guided ion beam technique with two experimental apparatuses. Absolute integral cross sections are measured as a function of collision energy (0. 10 to 3. 5 eV CM) and internal energy of the parent ions. Internal energy is selected by coincidences between threshold photoelectrons and photoions (TPEPICO), when parent ions are produced by photoionisation with synchrotron radiation. Branching ratios between all reactive channels are measured, as well as axial velocity distributions of product ions. Quasi-resonant charge transfer is the dominant channel for reactions between N2+ and hydrocarbons. It is dissociative for reactions with methane and ethane and non-dissociative with acetylene. A minor H transfer channel is observed. Vibrational excitation of N2+ ions has little impact on its reactivity with methane. On the other hand, the total cross section decreases when collision energy increases, according to previous models describing similar reactions. The dissociative photoionisation of N2 is studied with the TPEPICO method when photon energy is varied from 24 to 32 eV. Possible predissociative mechanisms towards the different dissociation limits are discussed, particularly concerning the formation of N+ ions in its 'D metastable state. With this coincidence method, we show that the branching ratio for the reaction with deuterated methane is different if N+ ions are in the 3P fundamental or the 'D excited state. Besides the charge transfer channel, which is the dominant one for N+ 'D, D2CN+ and DCN+ ions are produced via a long-lived complex and CD3+ ions partially come from a D ̄transfer process
Dumazert, Jonathan. "Détection de rayonnements neutroniques à base de gadolinium." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN2029.
Full textThe search for alternatives to helium-3 neutron counters forms a driving topic in today’s nuclear instrumentation. The cross section of gadolinium for thermal neutron capture makes this element a promising candidate. This thesis aims at scaling and evaluating different counting schemes based on the signature of these captures inside the detection medium. Three research areas have been explored: plastic scintillator-based detection, semiconductor-based detection and magnetic phase transition in gadolinium. The theoretical study of the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition in gadolinium has been concluded by a practical infeasibility. A method built on the insertion of a metal gadolinium core at the center of a large plastic scintillator has been designed. A significant signal between 3 and 8 MeV in the presence of a californium-252 source allows pulse height discrimination from natural gamma-ray background. Gadolinium-loaded plastic scintillators, compensated by bismuth-loaded scintillators, have been modeled, synthetized and tested in presence of gamma and neutron emitters. The concept of a compensation of gadolinium foil-covered sensors by terbium-covered sensors has been studied. The detection scheme has received a first experimental validation via cesium-137 and californium-252 exposures, for bismuth-loaded scintillating media and CdZnTe crystals
Ruscas, Ligia Ioana. "Effets antiinflammatoires des lymphocytes irradiés par les rayons UV: induction d'IL-1Ra et d'IL-10 par les monocytes macrophages." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211036.
Full textNotre étude a comporté deux parties: (1) l’une in vivo chez des malades souffrant de GVH chronique résistante aux traitements conventionnels et traités par photochémothérapie extracorporelle, procédure dans laquelle les leucocytes du malades, prélevés par leucaphérèse puis traités par un psoralène et par UVA lui sont finalement réinjectés; (2) l’autre in vitro où des PBMC de volontaires sains ont été irradiés avec 10J/m2 de rayons UVC qui ne nécessitent pas de photosensibilisation par psoralène. Deux cytokines, l’IL-10 et l’IL-1Ra ont été évaluées par RT-PCR dans un système de coculture autologue entre PBMC et PBL rendus apoptotiques par irradiation. L’évolution du processus apoptotique déclenché par les UV a été mesurée par cytomètrie de flux. Celui-ci concernait essentiellement les lymphocytes, les monocytes/macrophages révélant une résistance relative à l’apoptose, il était progressif, culminant entre la 24ème et la 48ème heures. Lors des cocultures entre PBMC et PBL irradiés, un accroissement très significatif du nombre de copies d’ARNm, concernant les deux cytokines étudiées, l’IL-10 et l’IL-1Ra était observé. L’induction d’IL-1Ra était dépendante de l’IL-10. Une préactivation par du LPS était nécessaire pour la révélation du phénomène.
Ensuite, nous avons évalué l’implication sur la synthèse de cytokines du processus de phagocytose de lymphocytes rendus apoptotiques par irradiation UV et divers moyens pharmacologiques pour la potentialiser. La préincubation du matériel irradié pendant une nuit (16h) à 37° dans le but d’accroître la proportion de cellules en voie d’apoptose avant mise en contact avec les PBMC a permis d’obtenir un accroissement très marqué sans nécessiter de LPS, portant essentiellement sur la production d’IL-1Ra tant sur l’ARNm que la protéine secrétée; l’induction d’IL-10 était cette fois négligeable. L’implication de la phagocytose dans le processus a été démontrée par deux agents bloquants (a) l’anticorps monoclonal anti-CD36 (corécepteur avec l’intégrine &61537;V&61538;3 de la thrombospondine) activant la production d’IL-1Ra et mimant par ce fait le processus phagocytaire et (b) la cytochalasine E la bloquant.
Nous avons testé diverses substances pharmacologiques dont l’action activatrice de l’IL-1Ra est connue, en l’occurrence les immunoglobulines G à usage IV (IgIV) et le GM-CSF. L’adjonction d’IgIV (1mg/ml) ou GM-CSF (10 ng/ml) une heure après le début de la coculture exerce sur la sécrétion d’IL-1Ra un effet additif avec les UV. Selon la concentration utilisée, les IgIV peuvent agir par deux mécanismes. Outre l’effet d’activation macrophagique lié au récepteur Fc, nous avons démontré à haute concentration un mécanisme nouveau, du à la présence dans les IgIV d’anticorps naturels antiFas induisant l’apoptose des lymphocytes. Une incubation de 16h des lymphocytes avec 25 mg/ml d’IgIV avant mise en culture provoque outre une apoptose importante une augmentation significative de l’IL-1Ra. Dans ce cas, le processus est indépendant du fragment Fc, la fraction F(ab’)2 gardant la capacité d’induire l’apoptose et de provoquer la production d’IL-1Ra.
En conclusion, nous avons mis en évidence un mécanisme nouveau d’induction d’IL-1Ra, non décrit auparavant et défini diverses modalités qui pourraient accroître sa production:
- L’incubation de 16h du matériel irradié permet d’orienter le système en accroissant la production de l’IL-1Ra sans que la production de l’IL-10 soit modifiée et sans nécessiter de LPS. Nous attribuons cet effet à l’accroissement du processus apoptotique qui en résulte.
- Nous avons potentialisé la production d’IL-1Ra par deux agents pharmacologiques, le GM-CSF et les IgIV. Les mécanismes d’action des IgIV dépendent de la concentration utilisée.
1. Aux concentrations de l’ordre de 1mg/ml, les IgIV exercent, avec les UV un effet additif sur l’induction d’IL-1Ra par une action dépendant du fragment Fc.
2. Aux concentrations élevées de 25mg/ml, un effet apoptotique attribuable à l’action d’anticorps anti-Fas agonistes est observé. Une préincubation de 16h de lymphocytes avec cette concentration d’ IgIV avant mise en culture avec les PBMC autologues provoque outre l’apoptose importante des lymphocytes un accroissement significatif de la production d’IL-1Ra. Le processus est indépendant du fragment Fc, la fraction F(ab’)2 gardant la capacité d’induire l’apoptose et la production d’IL-1Ra. \
Doctorat en sciences biomédicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Lebreton, Lena. "Etude des collisions centrales dans les réactions Ni + Al et Ni + Ni à 28 A MeV." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10304.
Full textBenhabiles-Mezhoud, Hinda. "Calcul du spectre total de l’émission gamma induite par interactions nucléaires des particules du rayonnement cosmique avec le milieu interstellaire et comparaison avec les observations de l’astronomie gamma." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112068.
Full textMy thesis work take place in the nuclear astrophysics domain. Nuclear astrophysics research includes various fields and the common aim is to provide advanced knowledge in theoretical or experimental nuclear physics for astrophysics open questions like nucleosynthesis, stellar evolution, big bang, ect. In this work we are interested in nuclear gamma-rays emission produced (or expected to be produced) in different phenomenon : novae, supernovae, solar flares and cosmic – rays interaction with the interstellar medium. The study of nuclear reactions involved in those gamma emissions provides important information and constraints in the understanding of particle acceleration and propagation mechanism in the considered medium. In this context, the work consisted in precise measurements of cross sections and excitation functions of the most important nuclear reactions involving in solar flares and in the cosmic-rays interaction with the ISM. The results obtained are an important issue to complete the nuclear data allowing predicting and calculating the gamma – rays spectra emitted in both phenomenons. In the nuclear reactions considered, only a few production cross sections of gamma – rays are enough known (only a few energies for a small number of nuclei). To extend the nuclear data base to other nuclei and for all energies corresponding to gamma spectra produced by accelerated particles interaction, we performed, in December 2006, an experiment at the tandem accelerator at IPN Orsay. We measured and studied the gamma- ray emission induced by collision between accelerated protons and alpha particles with different gas and solid targets : carbon, oxygen neon and silicon. Finally, we calculated the total gamma emission spectrum of the cosmic – ray interactions in the energy range 1 – 20 MeV and we compared the results obtained with available observed space observatory data
Tancrez, Manuel. "Modélisation du rayonnement et transferts couplés dans des milieux poreux réactifs : application aux brûleurs radiants à gaz." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0908.
Full textBisquer, Eric. "Caractérisation de la fusion incomplète dans les réactions Ar + KCl à 32,40,52 et 74 Mev-u." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10330.
Full textLavielle, Bernard. "Etude de la production par le rayonnement cosmique du krypton et du xénon dans la météorite de Saint-Séverin." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10505.
Full textVial, Christian. "Evaluation de la probabilité des aléas logiques induits par les neutrons atmosphériques dans le silicium des SRAM." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20273.
Full textBissou, Billong Julienne. "Fixation thermique par rayonnement infrarouge des colorants réactifs sur les fibres de coton d'un tissu fait de coton/polyester." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2002. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1221.
Full textLéal, Crouzet Blandine. "Application de la pyrométrie optique à la mesure de la température des produits de réaction d'explosifs condensés en régime d'amorçage et de détonation." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2295.
Full textMarteau, Jacques-Emmanuel. "De l'effet des interactions nucléaires dans les réactions de neutrinos sur des cibles d'oxygène et de son rôle dans l'anomalie des neutrinos atmosphériques." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10264.
Full textZhao, Yifang. "La fixation des colorants réactifs au coton aux moyens du rayonnement infrarouge, Fixation of reactive dyes on cotton using infrared radiation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ57013.pdf.
Full textBenbalagh, Rabah. "Monochromateurs multicouches à bande passante étroite et à faibre fond continu pour le rayonnement X-UV." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066365.
Full textRoutaboul, Corinne. "Activité "photonucléase" des mélanines, mise en évidence et étude du mécanisme d'action." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30081.
Full textLacombe, Jérôme. "Identification de biomarqueurs par approche protéomique : application au diagnostic des formes précoces de cancer du sein et à la réaction des tissus sains aux rayonnements ionisants." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON1T031.
Full textBreast cancer is a major public health problem. With 500,000 deaths every year around the world, it focuses on many efforts in the search for new therapies and for therapeutic monitoring, diagnosis or prognosis biomarkers. From a diagnostic point of view, mammography remains gold standard for breast cancer detection. However, it has many limitations, especially in women with significant breast density. The identification of biomarkers for early diagnosis or for prognosis of in situ tumors in this population at risk would be a valuable improvement in the breast cancer management. Considering treatment strategies, radiotherapy has become a major treatment against breast cancer. However, some patients can develop severe radiation-induced late side effects. Their prediction is a main challenge as clinicians will be able to identify patients at risk and develop individualized treatment. Despite all efforts, no biomarkers are validated and used in clinical routine for normal tissues outcomes after irradiation. The aim of my PhD work was to identify protein markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of early-stage breast cancers, and also for the prediction of radiation-induced severe late effects. With different proteomic approaches, I was able to identify three protein signatures: (1) a serum autoantibody signature for the diagnosis of DCIS and node negative early-stage breast cancers (GAL3, RACK1, PAK2, and PHB2 RUVBL1), (2) a serum autoantibody signature of ductal carcinoma in situ progression to invasive breast cancer (CIRBP, ECHDC1, HMGN1, PSRC1 and RBP-Jκ) and (3) five lymphocyte proteins (AK2, ANX1, APEX1, HSPA8 and IDH2 ) that could predict late radiation-induced toxicity. In addition, these signatures allowed to identify new molecular partners likely to be involved in the mechanisms of mammary carcinogenesis and in the late radio-induced toxicity
Mir, Youssef. "La fixation simultanée d'un mélange de deux colorants réactifs et dispersés sur un tissu de coton/polyester par rayonnement infrarouge et air chaud." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5487.
Full textHudan, Sylvie. "Etude expérimentale et théorique de la production de fragments dans les collisions Xe+Sn de 25 à 150 A. MeV." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN2065.
Full textKhouaja, Abdenbi. "Mesures de section efficace de réactions de noyaux exotiques riches en neutrons dans la zone de fermeture des couches N=20 et N=28 : Abdenbi Khouaja." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2063.
Full textDalibard, Jean. "Le rôle des fluctuations dans la dynamique d'un atome couple au champ électromagnétique." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066393.
Full textPatois, Yannick. "Etude des mécanismes des réactions induites par les noyaux à halo de neutrons 11Be (49,2 MeV/nucléon) et 6He (41,5 MeV/nucléon) sur le plomb en fonction de l'inélasticité des collisions." Caen, 2001. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00707147.
Full textBoisjoli, Mark. "Etude de l'énergie de symétrie dans les collisions 40,48CA+40,48CA À 35 MEV/A." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2093.
Full textSymmetry term (Csym) inside the nuclear equation of state is studied with the help of the isoscaling parameters and the isotopic distributions widths for 40,48Ca+40,48Ca reactions at an incident energy of 35 MeV/A. Peripheral et semi-peripheral collisions are studied. A coupling between two experimental setups, VAMOS spectrometer and INDRA multidetector was done. VAMOS was able to measure the charge and mass of the projectile like fragment (PLF) with a high precision. Light charged particles were measured in coincidence with INDRA, and they give us an impact parameter and excitation energy estimations They are also used in the primary fragment reconstruction, which are the PLF parent. PLF study shows the presence of an important odd-even effect, which can be associated to the secondary decay effects. The extracted values of the symmetry energy term directly from the PLF are not reliable. Therefore, it is necessary to reconstruct the primary fragment in order to take into account the secondary decay effects. By studying primary fragments, we observe an evolution of the parameter Csym/T as a function of the charge. This evolution is attributed to the fragment excitation energy. Also, global distributions of Csym/T give us an information on the surface over the volume contributions to the symmetry energy ratio. Those ratios show important surface contributions, same results given by simulations. With extracted temperatures from proton energy spectra, a Csym value can be obtained. Those values, around 30 MeV, are coherent with values around the saturation density
Marsal, Philippe. "Etude théorique des paramètres de la résonance paramagnétique électronique par la méthode de la fonctionnelle de la densite." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11067.
Full textMoukaddam, Mohamad. "Évolution de la structure en couches dans les noyaux de masse moyenne : Recherche de l'orbitale 2d5/2 neutron dans le 69Ni." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00746802.
Full textLincot, Daniel. "Contribution à l'étude des phénomènes de surface en électrochimie des semiconducteurs : l'interface tellurure de cadmium / électrolyte aqueux." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066269.
Full textDe, Campos Matthieu. "Valorisation de matière faiblement radioactive comme réactif dans la synthèse de matrices cimentaires." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R016.
Full textIn the context of pressurized water nuclear reactors (PWRs), fuel fabrication generates low-level radioactive materials in the form of low-reactivity and relatively dense metal oxides. These materials, in the form of aggregates, are currently stored pending their reuse in nuclear fuel or in alternative solutions. This thesis studies their valorization as additives in the synthesis of cement matrices (pastes and mortars), for the development of shielding materials against ionizing radiation, such as γ rays. The state of the art (Chapter I) focuses on the generation of this weakly radioactive material in the French nuclear fuel cycle, on the photon-matter interactions, on cementitious matrices, and on the use of radioactive materials in cementitious matrices. The experimental work has required to develop miniaturized physico-chemical characterization methods adapted to radioactive materials (Chapter II), in order to compare them with formulations using non radioactive analogs. For the development of cement-based materials, a magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC) and a pure Portland cement are used. Workability, setting time, mechanical compressive strength, dimensional stability, homogeneity of the microstructure and temperature resistance are optimized. For MKPC pastes, the mechanical strength depends on the MgO/KH2PO4 molar ratio (Chapter III). In order to optimize the integration of the dense metal oxides, MKPC are formulated at stoichiometry, although this composition, without additives, is characterized by significant swelling. The addition of powdered mineral additives (fly ash, dense metal oxides) enabled to inhibit swelling and avoid phase segregation. With Portland cement, the incorporation of metal oxides is performed on mortars, with a granular skeleton (Chapter IV), and it is carried out in two ways: either as a supplement to an optimized formulation, or by volume replacement of the fine parts of the granular skeleton. In both cases, compressive strengths are obtained with values above 50 MPa at 28 days, and a good resistance to temperatures up to nearly 250°C. A third incorporation method is possible, which requires the synthesis of cement/metal oxide granules. The fifth and last chapter compares the mechanical and shielding performances of cement matrices incorporating the dense metal oxides. It also quantifies the interactions of these metal oxides with the environment (by reactivity experiments in contact with cementitious waters at ambient temperature and pressure or beyond, and leaching tests). Depending on the performance of the two types of cement matrices developed, different uses are possible, e.g. waste encapsulation or structural and temperature resistant materials
Henri, Gilles. "Réactions ion-molécule à états sélectionnés : étude du transfert de charge et des processus dissociatifs dans les systèmes ioniques argon-hydrogène et azote-hydrogène." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112119.
Full textPerny, Sébastien. "Alignement de cristaux liquides par irradiation en lumière linéairement polarisée de film minces de polymères photoréticulables." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DENS0042.
Full textPatois, Y. "Étude des mécanismes des réactions induites par les noyaux à halo de neutrons 11Be (49,2 MeV/nucléon) et 6He (41,5 MeV/nucléon) sur le plomb en fonction de l'inélasticité des collisions." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00707147.
Full textLeite, Serge. "Effets des rayonnements ionisants sur des biomolécules en solution : vers une caractérisation des dommages à l'échelle moléculaire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD025/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we have developed and characterized a new type of gas phase source of biomolecules which based on non-resonant laser desorption on microdroplets directly under vacuum. This device will eventually allow us to open an original way to study the effects of ionizing radiation on organic molecules from a physical point of view. We will present in detail this device with which we transfered with sucess under vacuum,in a non-destructively way, biomolecules and non-covalent complexes in a mass range of the order of kDa and we assigned them with time-of-ight mass spectrometry. We will show in particular the technical challenges that we had to overcome in order to allow the transfer of microdroplets under vacuum and how by simulation of the spectrometer, we have been able to highly optimize the collection parameters of the desorbed molecular species and the mass resolution of our system, by replacing, in the desorption zone,delayed extraction by a quadrupole electrostatic trap. Finally, we will describe the way in which this device, coupled to a simply charged ion irradiation platform with an energy of the order of the keV, will enable us to characterizeon a molecular scale the damage due to radio-induced radical chemistry mechanisms
Joly, Serge. "Contribution à l'étude de la capture radiative par l'interaction de neutrons de 0,5 à 20 MeV avec des noyaux de masse comprise entre 28 et 208." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112295.
Full textA new technique to measure radiative capture cross sections for fast neutrons has been developed. Cross sections are deduced from the energy distributions of γ-rays. Different methods to calculate data corrections have been used. The ¹⁹⁷Au(n,γ)¹⁹⁸AU reaction is given as an example. Our technique allows the (n, γn’) cross section to be deduced as well. The valence mechanism has been studied in the ²⁸Si(n,γ) ²⁹Si reaction for resonances at 565 and 813 keV for which partial and total radiative widths have been measured and compared to the prediction of different models. Level width fluctuations have been investigated for the calculation of statistical model cross sections. General expressions have been derived for the nucleon-nucleus coupling form factor when collective states of the target are excited. The ⁸⁹Y (n, γ₀ + γ₁)⁹⁰Y cross section has been measured from 0. 8 to 6. 2 MeV. Associated with previous data, these measurements made a study of the capture reaction mechanisms between 0. 5 and about 20 MeV possible. A parametrization of the nucleon-nucleus optical potential was obtained first. The excitation functions of the previous reactions could be well accounted for if the coupling factor strength was renormalized. The asymmetry coefficient A₁ was measured for the ²⁰⁸Pb(n,γ₀)²⁰⁹Pb reaction between 3. 8 and 6. 2 MeV and between 15 and 20 MeV, corresponding to the excitation of the isoscalar and isovector components of the giants quadrupole resonance, respectively; calculations reproduce this coefficient fairly well. The interference between compound-nucleus and direct-semi-direct processes was also investigated. From the measured capture spectra, transition probabilities were deduced and compared with other data. Finally, a systematic study of pygmy resonance properties was possible
Rakotovao, Felaniaina Nirisoa. "Relaxation des contraintes dans les couches de chromine développées sur alliages modèles (NiCr et Fe47Cr) : apport de la diffraction in situ à haute température sur rayonnement Synchrotron à l’étude du comportement viscoplastique : effets d’éléments réactifs." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LAROS015/document.
Full textIntegrity of protective oxide scales developing at the metallic alloys surface at high temperature depends on the stress generation and their relaxation mechanisms. In this work, the behaviour of chromia scales formed on NiCr and Fe47Cr model alloys has been investigated. Raman spectroscopy was used to determine the residual stress level in chromia thin films after oxidation at different temperatures (700°C-1000°C) for 3 h and 18 h. A monotonous evolution of residual stresses with oxidation conditions was noted for the Ni30Cr/Cr2O3 system but not for the Fe47Cr/Cr2O3 one. The strain variations at microscopic scale was also determined by using atomic force microscopy. For the first studied system, non destructive relaxation by creep of the oxide and buckling can be more or less activated, in agreement with the residual stresses evolution. And a third additional stress release mode by intra film cracking could take place for the second system. In situ high temperature oxidation coupled with Synchrotron X-rays diffraction was also used to characterize the viscoplastic properties of chromia scales grown on Ni30Cr and Ni28Cr, with dissociating the effects related to thermal activation and grain size. The creep mechanism responsible of stress release in chromia scales has been evidenced by comparing experimental results with a diffusional creep model. Confrontation of the obtained activation energy (130 kJ.mol-1) with literature results has shown that this non destructive relaxation mode was likely governed by grain boundary transport of oxygen species. When a reactive element (Y or Zr) was added to the metallic substrate Ni28Cr, an important decrease of the oxidation rate was noted when increasing the amount of introduced element. No significant effect of this quantity on the residual stress level was however observed. At microscopic scale, a reduction of grain size has been also noted and two distinguished grains distribution appeared for the higher quantities. Results of in situ Synchrotron diffraction measurements and those of atomic force microscopy (grain boundary sliding) showed that the ability of chromia films to release stress thanks to their viscoplastic properties could be delayed and/or decreased with the presence of an active element. However, this mechanism could operate for smaller chromia films thicknesses
Caliot, Cyril. "Modélisation et simulation de l'émission énergétique et spectrale d'un jet réactif composé de gaz et de particules à haute température issus de la combustion d'un objet pyrotechnique." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00271463.
Full textCapeillère, Julien. "Modélisations numériques bidimensionnelles du transport des particules et photons dans des gaz ionisés : application au xénon sous excitation laser et à la propagation d'une décharge monofilamentaire à barrières diélectriques dans l'azote." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/851/.
Full textIn view of applications of VUV radiation sources, this work aims at initiating the study of the propagation of a monofilamentary dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in xenon. So, the 2-D numerical modeling works have been achieved in three steps. To get acquainted with xenon kinetics, the first part has been devoted to study the particle and VUV emission dynamics following (2+1) multiphoton ionization. The second step has been focused on the development of high-performance numerical methods (precision, calculation time, memory storage) used for the treatment of photoionization, photoelectric effect and partly resonant radiation trapping. Then, the existing DBD model for nitrogen has been adapted to the experimental situation (sine wave excitation mode) so as to compare the temporal evolutions of the experimental current induced by the discharge, with the calculated one
Bourgalais, Jérémy. "Cinétique de formation d'agrégats de van der Waals et détection de produits de réactions d'atomes de carbone d'intérêt pour la combustion et les environnements astrophysiques et atmosphériques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S059/document.
Full textThis thesis has been carried out in the team of astrophysics laboratory in the Molecular Physics Department of the Physics Institute of Rennes. In this work, a first part presents the application of the CRESU technique to aggregation of van der Waals clusters of water and propane. We experimentally observed water aggregation on a range of temperatures from 22.9 to 69.4 K, then modeled the early stages of aggregation building on the theoretical determination of rate coefficients. We also made the first measurements of propane dimer formation coefficient over a temperature range of 22.9 to 49.1 K. The second part of this work concerns the detection of the products reactions involving carbon atoms and various molecules (C2H4 , C2H6 , C4H8 and NH3) at room temperature. These studies were conducted at the synchrotron Adavanced Light Source of Berkeley . We also studied the kinetics and products formation of the reaction between carbon atoms and ammonia over a temperature range of 50-296 K. To do this we used the device CRESU of the molecular science institute of Bordeaux. This data was incremented in a dense interstellar cloud model to see their influence on the abundance of nitrogen hydrides. The work of this thesis contribute to better understanding the mechanisms of reactions leading to the formation and growth of molecules and van der Waals clusters in the gas phase in various physical conditions. They provide important data for modeling planetary atmospheres , interstellar clouds and combustion process
Le, Neindre Nicolas. "Aspect thermodynamique de la multifragmentation Xe +Sn 32 à 50 A.MeV." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003741.
Full textRenard, Frédéric. "Étude de la structure du nucléon via la photoproduction de mésons pseudoscalaires à GRAAL : mesure des sections efficaces et des asymétries de faisceau des réactions [gamma]+p->p+[pi]°et [gamma]+p->p+[éta] pour E[nu] compris entre 550 et 1100 MeV." Grenoble 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10270.
Full textFouchet, Julien. "Couplage de type Ullmann : une méthodologie pour la synthèse de matériaux ioniques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAE019/document.
Full textIonic liquids based on imidazolium are an excellent platform that can be designed to promote liquid crystalline phases. In order to introduce additional properties, we synthesized compounds with a rigid expanded core. Herein, we reported an Ullmann-type coupling using only Cu(II)-NaY as catalyst and potassium carbonate as base. This synthetic approach avoids the use of solvents, inert atmosphere and ligands. We have optimized this coupling using the technique of microwave synthesis (reduction of reaction time and by-products formed). After studying this methodology, we have extended it to other behaviors. Thus we have synthesized ionic materials (scintillators) with properties of detection and discrimination of radiation neutrons/gamma by introducing chromophores in our compounds. This Ullmann-type coupling has allowed to prepare compounds that can have electronic properties (conduction and electrochromism)