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Journal articles on the topic 'Re-melting'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

KAWAKAMI, Yuji, Tsunemi IDEGUCHI, and Hidenori TERAMOTO. "Re-melting Technique of Ferrous Sludge." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 72, no. 5 (2006): 559–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.72.559.

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2

Han, Chao, Li Ma, Xudong Sui, Bojiang Ma, and Guosheng Huang. "Influence of Low Energy Density Laser Re-Melting on the Properties of Cold Sprayed FeCoCrMoBCY Amorphous Alloy Coatings." Coatings 11, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11060695.

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Fe-based amorphous alloys (FAA) have excellent anti-corrosion and anti-abrasive comprehensive performances. However, sprayed thin FAA coatings with high porosity cannot provide efficient protection, or even accelerate the corrosion rate of the substrate due to galvanic corrosion. Laser re-melting densifying is usually used to improve the anti-corrosion performance of sprayed coatings. There are two disadvantages of the common laser re-melting method, including crystallization and residual stress. In the present paper, a low density energy laser re-melting method was used to improve the performance of cold spraying (CS) FeCoCrMoBCY FAA coating on 40Cr substrate. The results show that the CS FAA coatings were crystallized partially during the melting process. The hardness of the coating is improved at the melting zone after laser re-melting, which improves the anti-abrasive performance. Potentiodynamic test results show that laser re-melting can decrease the corrosion rate, but the salt spray test indicates that low energy density re-melting cannot eliminate penetrated diffusion passage. Further optimization should be conducted to improve the anticorrosion performance for this method.

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3

Frostevarg, Jan, Mohammad J. Torkamany, John Powell, and Alexander F. H. Kaplan. "Improving weld quality by laser re-melting." Journal of Laser Applications 26, no. 4 (November 2014): 041502. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.4895562.

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4

Zhao, Lei, Ye Pan, Hengcheng Liao, and Qigui Wang. "Degassing of aluminum alloys during re-melting." Materials Letters 66, no. 1 (January 2012): 328–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2011.09.012.

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5

Weiss, Peter. "Melting Nuclei Re-Create Big Bang Broth." Science News 157, no. 8 (February 19, 2000): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4012199.

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6

Ilyushechkin, A. Y., T. Yamashita, and I. D. R. Mackinnon. "Re-melting of Bi-2212/Ag laminated tapes by partial melting process." Physica C: Superconductivity 377, no. 3 (September 2002): 362–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4534(01)01288-6.

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7

Xiang, Zhaowei, Ran Yan, Xiaoyong Wu, Liuqing Du, and Qin Yin. "Surface morphology evolution with laser surface re-melting in selective laser melting." Optik 206 (March 2020): 164316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.164316.

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8

Song, Yan Pei, Hui Gai Wang, Zhi Ming Feng, and Zhen Kai Zhao. "Influence of Re-Melting Technology on Properties and Microstructures of Ferrous Matrix Composites Reinforced with Tungsten Carbide Particle." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1389.

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The scrap WCP/Fe-C composites were re-melted in a 50 kg medium frequency induction furnace. A regenerated composites ring was manufactured by centrifugal casting process. The microstructure and properties of the composites before and after re-melting were investigated by SEM with energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the microstructure of the composites after re-melting was composed of un-dissolved WCP, bainite, bone-like crystallites and graphite. The un-dissolved WCPwere uniformly distributed in the outer region of the regenerated composites ring, their volume fraction attained to about 65 vol. %, and size of the un-dissolved WCPwas obviously smaller than that of the WCPbefore re-melting. The impact toughness of the regenerated composites was below those of the composites before re-melting, the hardness and wear resistance of the regenerated composites were almost same as those of the composites before re-melting under the same test conditions.

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9

Zhang, Xiao-Lin, Chao-Ping Jiang, Feng-Ying Zhang, and Ya-Zhe Xing. "The evaluation of microstructure characteristic and corrosion performance of laser-re-melted Fe-based amorphous coating deposited via plasma spraying." Materials Express 9, no. 9 (December 1, 2019): 1100–1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2019.1598.

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The laser re-melting treatment was performed on the plasma-sprayed Fe-based amorphous coating to ameliorate the corrosion performance of the coating. The re-melting depth was about 200 μm which was mainly controlled by laser energy input, beam speed and facular dimension. The microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The corrosion property of the coatings was addressed via electrochemistry methods in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The results indicate that the plasma-sprayed coating becomes much denser after laser re-melting treatment. The connected porosity ratio in as-sprayed coating dramatically reduces from 16.3% to 2.4% after laser re-melting. The as-sprayed coating mainly contains amorphous and much limited crystal phase, and some amorphous phase in the as-sprayed coating crystalizes during laser re-melting. Polarization test demonstrated that the as-sprayed coating has a significantly dramatical effect for improving corrosion performance of carbon steel, while the laser re-melting process is a more efficient method. The influence level of the coating compactness in this study is roughly two times as big as that of amorphous in coating, in the term of improving corrosion resistance of carbon steel.

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10

Gendvilis, Ainis, and Jelena Škamat. "APSAUGINIŲ KOMPOZICINIŲ DANGŲ METALINĖS NIKELIO MATRICOS PAGRINDU TYRIMAS / INVESTIGATION OF PROTECTIVE COMPOSITE COATINGS ON THE BASIS OF NICKEL METAL MATRIX." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 11 (February 1, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2019.7066.

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In the present study, the opportunity to improve the coatings properties using re-melting technique is studied. In the aim to determine the influence of the re-melting on the properties of coatings, the experimental study was performed. The surface of S235J0 steel was coated using three different re-melting methods with different heating duration. The mixture of NiCrFeCSiB alloy powders and carbides of WC type was used for spraying. The principal characteristics of the sprayed coatings were examined and compared with each other. The tests allowed concluding that the introduction of the re-melting process of different duration has tangible impact upon the structure, hardness and wearing resistance of the coatings

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11

Shukla, Rajesh Kumar, and Arvind Kumar. "Substrate Melting and Re-solidification During Impact of High-Melting Point Droplet Material." Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 24, no. 8 (October 22, 2015): 1368–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11666-015-0326-z.

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12

Yasa, E., J. P. Kruth, and J. Deckers. "Manufacturing by combining Selective Laser Melting and Selective Laser Erosion/laser re-melting." CIRP Annals 60, no. 1 (2011): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2011.03.063.

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13

Waszko, J. I., Z. Nitkiewicz, and K. Slawuta. "Re‐melting of carbide coatings by TIG welding." Welding International 16, no. 12 (January 2002): 947–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507110209549642.

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14

Chui, S. T., and Xiu Qiu. "Topological Defects, Multiparticle Exchange and Re-entrant Melting." Europhysics Letters (EPL) 26, no. 3 (April 20, 1994): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/26/3/007.

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15

Kong, De Jun, Kai Yu Luo, and Hong Miao. "Experimental Study on Residual Stresses of Al₂O₃ Coating by Laser Re-Melting." Key Engineering Materials 431-432 (March 2010): 446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.431-432.446.

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The surface of Al2O3 coating sprayed on 40Cr substrate was re-melted with high power continuous CO2 laser, and its micro-hardness and residual stresses were measured, respectively. The strengthening mechanism of Al2O3 coating by laser re-melting was analyzed and discussed. The experimental results shown that the surface of Al2O3 coating by laser re-melting is neat and smooth, and its compositions are even, its structures are compact, and Al2O3 coating is evenly distributed in its surface with grain forms, and its micro-hardness increases about 200%; Residual stress of Al2O3 coating by laser re-melting is changed into compressive stress from tensile stress, which is benefit to improving bonding strength of coating-substrate interface.

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16

Huang, Sheng, Swee Leong Sing, and Wai Yee Yeong. "Selective Laser Melting of Ti42Nb Composite Powder and the Effect of Laser Re-Melting." Key Engineering Materials 801 (May 2019): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.801.270.

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Ti-Nb based alloys have the potential to be used as structural implant materials due to their excellent bio-compatibility and ability to reduce stress shielding. The idea to additively manufacture Ti-Nb based alloys using selective laser melting (SLM) technology can further improve the resultant implant quality. However, the lack of economically sound and readily available pre-alloyed powder has pushed for the usage of composite powder as a means to hasten research pace in fabricating new alloy systems via SLM. The usage of Ti-Nb composite powder can lead to several problems, particularly the issue of macro-segregation. Hence, this paper presents the potential of laser re-melting scanning strategy to address macro-segregation without sacrificing (or even improving) density of parts fabricated by SLM.

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17

Makhneva, T. M., V. B. Dementiev, and S. S. Makarov. "About Impact Strength and Thermal Properties of Steel Melts." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.430.

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The comparable study of the structure and structure-sensitive properties of the melt of steel 08H15N5D2T and two melts prepared by electro-slag re-melting (ESR) and vacuum-arc re-melting (VAR) of the steel has been carried out. The temperature dependences have been obtained for the kinematic viscosity, density, surface tension, electrical resistance, and magnetic susceptibility. The short-range structural order of the ESR and VAR melts has been studied by direct diffraction methods. The connection between the method of re-melting and the level of impact strength (KCU) has been established. The reasons for the appearance of the difference in the structure and properties of ESR and VAR steel are discussed.

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18

Mohd Salleh, M. A. A., Flora Somidin, N. Z. Noriman, Khairel Rafezi Ahmad, Ramani Mayappan, and Noor Farhani Mohd Alui. "Thermal Properties of Sn-0.7Cu/re-Al Composite Lead-Free Solder." Advanced Materials Research 795 (September 2013): 451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.795.451.

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Composite approach in lead-free solder development was perceived as an expectation in finding new robust solder. Accordingly, Sn-0.7Cu/re-Al composite lead-free solder with varying amount of recycled-Aluminum (0, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 wt.% re-Al) particulates produced from aluminum beverage cans were successfully fabricated via powder metallurgy techniques in this study. This paper focuses on the thermal properties focusing on the melting temperature of the new developed Sn-0.7Cu/re-Al lead-free composite solder. The melting temperature (Tm) of the new solders was determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The melting temperature of the composite solders has showed comparable results with the monolithic solders of Sn-0.7Cu lead-free solder.

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19

Yasa, E., and J.-P. Kruth. "Microstructural investigation of Selective Laser Melting 316L stainless steel parts exposed to laser re-melting." Procedia Engineering 19 (2011): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.130.

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20

Jang, Junhyuk, Seungyoub Han, Tack-Jin Kim, Gha-Young Kim, Chang Hwa Lee, and Sung-Jai Lee. "Stability of Tungsten Crucible against Uranium, Rare Earth, Cadmium, and Chlorides for Cathode Process in Pyroprocessing." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2019 (July 4, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4121285.

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The stability of W against U, rare-earth (RE) elements, Cd, and various chlorides was evaluated by melting and distillation testing. Three runs were performed with a W crucible to examine its reactivity: (i) RE melting by induction heating, (ii) salt distillation test of U-dendrite and various chlorides, and (iii) Cd distillation test from U–Cd alloy. The W crucible remained stable after the RE melting test using induction melting, exhibiting its applicability for induction heating systems. The salt distillation test with the W crucible at 1050°C exhibited the stability of W against U and various chlorides, showing no interaction. The Cd distillation test with the W crucible at 500°C showed that the crucible was very stable against Cd, maintaining a shiny surface. These results reveal that the W crucible is stable under operation conditions for both salt and Cd distillation, suggesting the high potential utility of W as a crucible material for application in cathode processes in pyroprocessing.

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21

Wang, A. Cheng, Ken Chuan Cheng, Yan Cherng Lin, and Jeng Shen Huang. "Study the Re-Sticky Phenomenon of Powder Metallurgy Debris in the Electrical Discharge Machining." Advanced Materials Research 83-86 (December 2009): 968–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.83-86.968.

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The debris re-adhering on the machining surface will affect the workpiece precision in EDM; therefore, the main purpose of this research is to study the re-sticky phenomenon of the powder metallurgy (PMM) in EDM. PMM with different melting points from 1450oC to 3410oC were used as EDM materials, the copper and the tungsten were chosen as the electrodes. The polarity in EDM was depended on the pole of the electrode. For observing the re-sticky position of the debris, the electrode was set no rotation or with 200 rpm rotational speed in EDM. The results showed that the melting point of PMM did not exceed 3000oC (PMM did not contain tungsten); the debris of PMM would not re-stick on the working surface no matter what polarity was used in EDM. However, only negative polarity can cause the re-adhesive effect when the melting point of PMM exceeded 3000oC. The debris would re-stick on any machining position when the electrode was not rotated in EDM. However, the debris would adhere on the central of the working area with 200 rpm rotational speed of the electrode.

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22

Ramudu, Eshwan, Benjamin Henry Hirsh, Peter Olson, and Anand Gnanadesikan. "Turbulent heat exchange between water and ice at an evolving ice–water interface." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 798 (June 7, 2016): 572–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.321.

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We conduct laboratory experiments on the time evolution of an ice layer cooled from below and subjected to a turbulent shear flow of warm water from above. Our study is motivated by observations of warm water intrusion into the ocean cavity under Antarctic ice shelves, accelerating the melting of their basal surfaces. The strength of the applied turbulent shear flow in our experiments is represented in terms of its Reynolds number $Re$, which is varied over the range $2.0\times 10^{3}\leqslant Re\leqslant 1.0\times 10^{4}$. Depending on the water temperature, partial transient melting of the ice occurs at the lower end of this range of $Re$ and complete transient melting of the ice occurs at the higher end. Following these episodes of transient melting, the ice reforms at a rate that is independent of $Re$. We fit our experimental measurements of ice thickness and temperature to a one-dimensional model for the evolution of the ice thickness in which the turbulent heat transfer is parameterized in terms of the friction velocity of the shear flow. Applying our model to field measurements at a site under the Antarctic Pine Island Glacier ice shelf yields a predicted melt rate that exceeds present-day observations.

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23

Sumita, Takehiro, Toru Kitagaki, Masahide Takano, and Atsushi Ikeda-Ohno. "Solidification and re-melting mechanisms of SUS-B4C eutectic mixture." Journal of Nuclear Materials 543 (January 2021): 152527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152527.

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24

Loewenhoff, Th, J. Linke, J. Matějíček, M. Rasinski, M. Vostřák, and M. Wirtz. "Laser re-melting of tungsten damaged by transient heat loads." Nuclear Materials and Energy 9 (December 2016): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2016.04.004.

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25

Salim, Saber G. R., Emma R. Woolliams, Martin Dury, David H. Lowe, Jonathan V. Pearce, Graham Machin, Nigel P. Fox, Tong Sun, and Kenneth T. V. Grattan. "Furnace uniformity effects on Re–C fixed-point melting plateaux." Metrologia 46, no. 1 (December 12, 2008): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/46/1/005.

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26

Czeppe, Tomasz, Anna Sypień, Galia F. Korznikova, and Alexander Korznikov. "Microstructure of the Ni-W Solid Solution Prepared by Levitation and after High Pressure Torsion Severe Plastic Deformation." Solid State Phenomena 186 (March 2012): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.186.104.

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The Ni-4at%W alloys was prepared with cold crucible levitation, subsequent levitation re-melting and high pressure torsion (HPT) intensive deformation. In samples after levitation precipitates of Ni4W phase as well as grain boundary continuous phase were formed. Levitation re-melting resulted in partial dissolution of the precipitates, increasing W content in the matrix and lead to the microstructure refinement. The deformation by HPT, in the range of 300-400%, lead to the lead to the homogenization of the solid solution and partial decomposition of the alloys into pure Ni and W. In the homogenous majority of the sample the microstructure transformed from dendrite microstructure to faceted grains. The analysis of the grains sizes and shapes showed that the average grain size in the sample re-melted by levitation was twice the grain size of the sample only prepared with CCLM. Also, the grains in this sample were elongated by 50-60% in one direction, while in the sample prepared by CCLM they were equiaxial. As the nominal composition of the alloys in both cases was the same, differences observed in the microstructure after re-melting and HPT processing must result only from the differences in the cooling rate leading to small differences in W content in solid solution and phase composition after solidification. High rate of cooling in the levitation methods resulted in Ni4W metastable phase precipitation as well as in the refinement of the microstructure, stronger after additional re-melting of the alloy by levitation.

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27

Jiang, J., Y. Hao, and Y. X. Tao. "Experimental Investigation of Convective Melting of Granular Packed Bed Under Microgravity." Journal of Heat Transfer 124, no. 3 (May 10, 2002): 516–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1469521.

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To improve the understanding of convective melting of packed solid particles in a fluid, an experimental investigation is conducted to study the melting characteristics of a packed bed by unmasking the buoyancy forces due to the density difference between the melt and solid particles. A close-loop apparatus, named the particle-melting-in-flow (PMF) module, is designed to allow a steady-state liquid flow at a specified temperature. The module is installed onboard NASA’s KC-135 reduced gravity aircraft using ice particles of desired sizes and water as the test media. Experimentally determined melting rates are presented as a function of upstream flow velocity, temperature and initial average particle size of the packed bed. It is found that the melting rate is influenced mainly by the ratio of the Reynolds number (Re, based on the initial particle diameter) to the square of the Froude number (Fr), and the Stefan number (Ste). In general, the dimensionless melting rate decreases as Re/Fr2 increases and increases as Ste increases. With the absence of gravity, i.e., as the Froude number approaches infinity, a maximum melting rate can be achieved. The increase in the melting rate proportional to the Stefan number also becomes more pronounced under the zero gravity condition. The trend of average and local Nusselt number of the melting packed bed under microgravity, as a function of Reynolds number and Prandtl number, is discussed and compared with the case of nonmelting packed bed.

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28

Mukherji, D., R. Gilles, L. Karge, P. Strunz, P. Beran, H. Eckerlebe, A. Stark, et al. "Neutron and synchrotron probes in the development of Co–Re-based alloys for next generation gas turbines with an emphasis on the influence of boron additives." Journal of Applied Crystallography 47, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 1417–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576714013624.

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Nickel-based superalloys are the materials of choice in the hot section of current gas turbines, but they are reaching temperature limits constrained by their melting temperature range. Co–Re alloy development was prompted by a search for new materials for future gas turbines, where the temperature of application will be considerably higher. Addition of the very high melting point refractory metal Re to Co can increase the melting range of Co alloys to much higher temperatures than the commercial Co alloys in use today. The alloy development strategy is first discussed very briefly. In this program, model ternary and quaternary compositions were studied in order to develop a basic understanding of the alloy system.In situneutron and synchrotron measurements (small and wide angle) at high temperatures were extensively used for this purpose and some selected results from thein situmeasurements are presented. In particular, the effect of boron doping in Co–Re–Cr alloys and the stability of the TaC precipitates at high temperatures were investigated. A fine dispersion of TaC precipitates strengthens some Co–Re alloys, and their stability at the application temperature is critical for the long-term creep properties.

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29

Yu, Wenhui, Swee Leong Sing, Chee Kai Chua, and Xuelei Tian. "Influence of re-melting on surface roughness and porosity of AlSi10Mg parts fabricated by selective laser melting." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 792 (July 2019): 574–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.04.017.

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30

Chen, Ling, Limei Tang, Xiaohu Li, Jie Zhang, Wei Wang, Zhenggang Li, Hao Wang, Xichang Wu, and Fengyou Chu. "Ancient Melt Depletion and Metasomatic History of the Subduction Zone Mantle: Osmium Isotope Evidence of Peridotites from the Yap Trench, Western Pacific." Minerals 9, no. 12 (November 20, 2019): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9120717.

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Highly depleted peridotites from the Yap Trench in the western Pacific Ocean have been studied for Re-Os elements and Re-Os isotopes. These peridotites have a low Re-Os content and variable 187Os/188Os ratios (0.12043–0.14867). The highest 187Os/188Os ratio is far higher than that of the primitive upper mantle and the lowest 187Os/188Os ratio is comparable to the most unradiogenic 187Os/188Os ratio (0.11933) discovered in subduction zone peridotites. The suprachondritic 187Os/188Os ratios of the Yap Trench peridotites results from modification of the mantle wedge by slab-derived fluid and melt. This is consistent with the observation that high 187Os/188Os ratios generally occur in oceanic peridotites with low Os content (<2 ppb) since Os may be reduced during late processes such as fluid alteration and melt refertilization. The sub-chondritic 187Os/188Os ratios of the Yap Trench peridotites correspond to a Re depletion age of 0.24–1.16 billion years, which means that these peridotites represent old mantle residue of ancient melting events. This ancient melting, combined with probable back-arc melting and forearc melting during subduction initiation, indicates that the Yap Trench mantle has a complex evolutionary history. The amount of old mantle residue in the oceanic asthenosphere was underestimated because the 187Os/188Os ratio in mantle peridotites is elevated during late processes. Therefore, old depleted mantle fragments may contribute substantially to the chemical heterogeneity of the oceanic mantle.

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31

Barnes, Stuart, Michael J. Nash, and Y. K. Kwok. "Surface Modification of Powder Metallurgy Components With a Direct Diode Laser." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 125, no. 4 (September 22, 2003): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1605111.

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A 1200 W diode laser was used to modify the surface properties of a fully-sintered ferrous PM material. Two modifications were investigated; transformation hardening of selected areas and sealing of surface porosity by re-melting. The diode laser was used because the beam footprint is large (5×0.5 mm) and the wavelength short (0.94 μm). Processed samples were examined using metallographic and hardness testing techniques. Results indicated that hardness comparable to induction hardening could be achieved and re-melting could be controlled to seal porosity. Further work now needs to be undertaken to convert this demonstrated potential into a commercial reality.

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32

Michaelis, Matthew. "Multi-droplet splat solidification with re-melting during precision droplet manufacturing." Procedia Manufacturing 34 (2019): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2019.06.213.

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33

Angioletti-Uberti, Stefano, Bortolo M. Mognetti, and Daan Frenkel. "Re-entrant melting as a design principle for DNA-coated colloids." Nature Materials 11, no. 6 (April 29, 2012): 518–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat3314.

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34

Giaquinta, Paolo V., and Franz Saija. "Re-entrant Melting in the Gaussian-Core Model: The Entropy Imprint." ChemPhysChem 6, no. 9 (September 12, 2005): 1768–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.200400565.

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35

Solodkyi, I., I. Bogomol, P. Loboda, D. Batalu, A. M. Vlaicu, and P. Badica. "Floating zone partial re-melting of B4C infiltrated with molten Si." Ceramics International 43, no. 17 (December 2017): 14718–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.07.203.

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36

Majchrowicz, Kamil, Zbigniew Pakieła, Dorota Moszczyńska, Tomasz Kurzynowski, and Edward Chlebus. "Hot Corrosion of Ti–Re Alloys Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting." Oxidation of Metals 90, no. 1-2 (December 18, 2017): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11085-017-9825-2.

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37

Xianqing, You, Zhang Chengjun, Song Xuefeng, Huang Manping, and Ma Jianguo. "Microstructure evolution of WC/steel composite by laser surface re-melting." Applied Surface Science 253, no. 9 (February 2007): 4409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.09.061.

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38

YAMA, Naoki, Kiyotaka UCHIDA, and Eriko UEDA. "Measurement of Re-Melting Temperature of Low Melting Temperature Reaction Layer between SnPb Plating and Lead-Free Solder." Journal of Japan Institute of Electronics Packaging 8, no. 2 (2005): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5104/jiep.8.144.

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39

Holfelder, Peter, Jin Ming Lu, Christian Krempaszky, and Ewald A. Werner. "A Phase Field Approach for Modeling Melting and Re-Solidification of Ti-6Al-4V during Selective Laser Melting." Key Engineering Materials 704 (August 2016): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.704.241.

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A Multi Phase Field model is proposed to describe the microstructure evolution induced by laser-material interaction in Selective Laser Melting (SLM). On the basis of the free enthalpy, the nucleation and growth processes occurring during the relevant phase transformations are explicitly taken into account. Within this contribution, the focus is laid on the SLM processing of the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V with special emphasis on the transition between β-titanium and melt. The results are discussed and compared to those of more conventional modelling approaches.

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Wang and Guo. "Re-Melting Nb–Si-Based Ultrahigh-Temperature Alloys in Ceramic Mold Shells." Metals 9, no. 7 (June 26, 2019): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9070721.

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In furnaces with different heating elements, Nb–Si based ultrahigh-temperature alloy rods were re-melted in pure yttria mold shells and zirconia face-coat mold shells at 1850 °C for 30 min. The results evidenced that in the furnace with a tungsten heating element, the microstructure of the re-melted alloy became coarser, and the composition varied depending on the type of mold shell. Although the interface reaction layer between the re-melted alloy and the zirconia face-coat mold shell was much thicker, the deformability of the mold shell and the sand burning phenomenon of the alloy inside it were improved and ameliorated, respectively. However, after being re-melted in the furnace with a graphite heating element, the misrun phenomenon occurred in both specimens. Both re-melted alloys inside the mold shells were divided by a gap into an internal and an external part, with totally different microstructures and compositions. No reaction layer emerged at the interface between the re-melted alloy and the mold shells. Instead, infiltration zones arose in the mold shells adjacent to the interface.

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Lacroix, M. "NUMERICAL STUDY OF NATURAL CONVECTION DOMINATED MELTING OF A PCM WITH CONJUGATE FORCED CONVECTION." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 19, no. 4 (December 1995): 455–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-1995-0024.

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This paper presents a numerical analysis of natural convection dominated melting inside a rectangular enclosure coupled with forced convection heat transfer in a transport fluid via a finite conductance heat exchanging surface. A computational methodology based on a stream function-vorticity-temperature formulation is adopted and the irregular shape of the moving solid-liquid interface is treated with body-fitted coordinates. The model is then employed to investigate the interaction between natural convection in the PCM filled cavity and forced convection in the HTF. Numerical experiments were carried out for Rayleigh numbers, Ra, between 2.08‧108 and 4.60‧109, modified Reynolds numbers, Re between 4.23 and 423.0, wall-PCM thermal diffusivity ratios, α, between 5.0 and 10.0 and dimensionless wall thickness, w, between 0.005 and 0.05. Results show that the melting process is increasingly delayed by heat conduction across a wall of decreasing thermal conductivity and/or increasing thickness. This effect is accentuated for low HTF flow rates (Re ~ 4.23). On the other hand, for a wail of given thickness and thermal conductivity, the effect of increasing the HTF flow rate on the melting process becomes imperceptible for Re ≥ 4.23.

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Crist, Ernie, Birendra Jena, Michael Jacques, Matt Dahar, Don Li, and Fusheng Sun. "Advancement of Plasma Cold-Hearth Melting for Production of Gamma Titanium Aluminide Alloys within Arconic." MATEC Web of Conferences 321 (2020): 08008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032108008.

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Utilization of gamma titanium aluminide alloys in aerospace and automotive/industrial applications has placed significant demand on melting sources for products to be used in cast, wrought, and direct-machining applications. There is also an increased demand for input stock used in gas atomization of powders. Current technologies used in ingot manufacturing include plasma arc melting, vacuum arc melting, and induction skull melting + centrifugal casting. Subsequent processing may include forging, re-melting + casting, or machining directly into components. Over the past six years, Arconic Engineered Structures has developed a robust melting method using plasma cold-hearth melting technology, including the design and implementation of a new 3-torch system to produce Ti-48-2-2 cast bars. General discussions concerning plasma cold-hearth melting, manufacturing challenges, and metallurgical attributes associated with cast Ti-48-2-2 bars will be reviewed. Emphasis will be on understanding the impact of hot isostatic pressing on internal voids, residual stress cracking and resulting mechanical properties.

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43

Shapira, Reut, Sapir Katalan, Rachel Edrei, and Yoav Eichen. "Chirality dependent inverse-melting and re-entrant gelation in α-cyclodextrin/1-phenylethylamine mixtures." RSC Advances 10, no. 64 (2020): 39195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra07643k.

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Cegan, Tomas, Daniel Petlak, Katerina Skotnicova, Jan Jurica, Bedrich Smetana, and Simona Zla. "Metallurgical Preparation of Nb–Al and W–Al Intermetallic Compounds and Characterization of Their Microstructure and Phase Transformations by DTA Technique." Molecules 25, no. 8 (April 24, 2020): 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25082001.

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The possibilities of metallurgical preparation of 40Nb-60Al and 15W-85Al intermetallic compounds (in at.%) by plasma arc melting (PAM) and vacuum induction melting (VIM) were studied. Both methods allow easy preparation of Nb–Al alloys; however, significant evaporation of Al was observed during the melting, which affected the resulting chemical composition. The preparation of W–Al alloys was more problematic because there was no complete re-melting of W during PAM and VIM. However, the combination of PAM and VIM allowed the preparation of W–Al alloy without any non-melted parts. The microstructure of Nb–Al alloys consisted of Nb2Al and NbAl3 intermetallic phases, and W–Al alloys consisted mainly of needle-like WAl4 intermetallic phase and Al matrix. The effects of melting conditions on chemical composition, homogeneity, and microstructure were determined. Differential thermal analysis was used to determine melting and phase transformation temperatures of the prepared alloys.

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45

Benndorf, Christopher, Marcos de Oliveira, Carsten Doerenkamp, Frank Haarmann, Thomas Fickenscher, Jutta Kösters, Hellmut Eckert, and Rainer Pöttgen. "11B and 89Y solid state MAS NMR spectroscopic investigations of the layered borides YTB4 (T = Mo, W, Re)." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 3 (2019): 1118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt04444a.

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46

Wu, C. M. L., D. Q. Yu, C. M. T. Law, and L. Wang. "Improvements of microstructure, wettability, tensile and creep strength of eutectic Sn–Ag alloy by doping with rare-earth elements." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 12 (December 2002): 3146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0455.

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To improve the properties of the eutectic Sn–Ag lead-free solder alloy, various amounts of mixed rare-earth (RE) elements, mainly Ce and La, were added. The microstructure, wetting properties, melting behavior, mechanical properties, and creep behavior were studied. It was revealed that RE elements can refine the intermetallics, and with 0.5% RE addition, the RE-bearing phase can be detected in the microstructure of the slow-cooled alloy. The results of differential scanning calorimetry indicate that the melting points of the RE-doped alloys are slightly lower than that of the Sn–3.5Ag and have a eutectic peak. The wetting property and creep resistance of the Sn–3.5Ag–0.25RE alloy are better than those of the Sn–3.5Ag alloy. The creep properties were studied at the temperatures of 303, 348, and 393 K, at various stress levels between 8 and 34 MPa. The stress exponents of the Sn–3.5Ag and Sn–3.5Ag–0.25RE were obtained at these temperatures. Tensile, creep, and wetting properties were found to improve with the addition of RE elements. The improvement of creep resistance is due to the fine dispersion of intermetallics and the decrease in interface energy between matrix and intermetallics. The wettability improvement is mainly due to the accumulation of RE elements at the solder/flux interface, leading to the reduction of the interfacial tension between solder and flux.

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Salvetr, Pavel, Andrea Školáková, Jaromír Kopeček, and Pavel Novák. "PROPERTIES OF NI-TI-X SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS PRODUCED BY ARC RE-MELTING." Acta Metallurgica Slovaca 23, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.12776/ams.v23i2.856.

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<p class="AMSmaintext">This paper deals with Ni-Ti46 and Ni-Ti-X wt. % alloys prepared by arc re-melting under argon protective atmosphere. The melting was repeated three times to obtain a homogenous chemical composition of samples. Niobium, vanadium and silicon were chosen as alloying elements and they were added into the alloy in an amount of 5 wt. %. Microstructure, phase composition, hardness and transformation behaviour were investigated parameters. Properties of cast alloys are compared with alloys of the same chemical composition prepared by powder metallurgy method – self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). Arc re-melting produced a more homogeneous microstructure with a lower content of the Ti<sub>2</sub>Ni phase than powder metallurgy methods in case of Ni-Ti-X alloys. Quite a high amount of the secondary phase (a mixture of the Ni<sub>2</sub>Ti, NiTi and Ti<sub>2</sub>Ni phases) was created in the microstructure of Ni-Ti46 wt. % alloy. The addition of silicon caused an increase of transformation temperatures and hardness.</p>

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Sun, Pei Xin, Rong Wang, and De Qiang Wei. "Temperature Field Simulation for Aluminum Alloy Surface Modification by Scanning Electron Beam." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 1404–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.1404.

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According to the actual experimental condition and theoretical analysis, a finite element model was established to describe the surface modification process of scanning electron beam of 6A02 aluminum alloy. The phase change process and thermal radiation were considered in the simulation. The temperature simulation revealed the ultrahigh rate of the heating and cooling, rapid melting and re-solidification within seconds in the range of millimeters in depth. The calculated melting zone was an irregular semicircle, the x-axis length was about 2.9mm, and the axial depth was about 1.4mm. This research will predict the melting condition.

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Bruzzo, Francesco, Guendalina Catalano, Ali Gökhan Demir, and Barbara Previtali. "Surface finishing by laser re-melting applied to robotized laser metal deposition." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 137 (February 2021): 106391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2020.106391.

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Liao, Haiguang, Penghuai Fu, Liming Peng, Jia Li, Shuquan Zhang, Guoqi Hu, and Wenjiang Ding. "Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser melting deposited GW103K Mg-RE alloy." Materials Science and Engineering: A 687 (February 2017): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.01.084.

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