Relevant bibliographies by topics / RDRL

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'RDRL'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "RDRL"

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Hua, Xia, Nathan D. Berkowitz, Matthew R. Willmann, Xiang Yu, Eric Lyons, and Brian D. Gregory. "Global Analysis of RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase-Dependent Small RNAs Reveals New Substrates and Functions for These Proteins and SGS3 in Arabidopsis." Non-Coding RNA 7, no. 2 (April 27, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ncrna7020028.

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RNA silencing pathways control eukaryotic gene expression transcriptionally or posttranscriptionally in a sequence-specific manner. In RNA silencing, the production of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) gives rise to various classes of 20–24 nucleotide (nt) small RNAs (smRNAs). In Arabidopsis thaliana, smRNAs are often derived from long dsRNA molecules synthesized by one of the six genomically encoded RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase (RDR) proteins. However, the full complement of the RDR-dependent smRNAs and functions that these proteins and their RNA-binding cofactors play in plant RNA silencing has not been fully uncovered. To address this gap, we performed a global genomic analysis of all six RDRs and two of their cofactors to find new substrates for RDRs and targets of the resulting RDR-derived siRNAs to uncover new functions for these proteins in plants. Based on these analyses, we identified substrates for the three RDRγ clade proteins (RDR3–5), which had not been well-characterized previously. We also identified new substrates for the other three RDRs (RDR1, RDR2, and RDR6) as well as the RDR2 cofactor RNA-directed DNA methylation 12 (RDM12) and the RDR6 cofactor suppressor of gene silencing 3 (SGS3). These findings revealed that the target substrates of SGS3 are not limited to those solely utilized by RDR6, but that this protein seems to be a more general cofactor for the RDR family of proteins. Additionally, we found that RDR6 and SGS3 are involved in the production of smRNAs that target transcripts related to abiotic stresses, including water deprivation, salt stress, and ABA response, and as expected the levels of these mRNAs are increased in rdr6 and sgs3 mutant plants. Correspondingly, plants that lack these proteins (rdr6 and sgs3 mutants) are hypersensitive to ABA treatment, tolerant to high levels of PEG8000, and have a higher survival rate under salt treatment in comparison to wild-type plants. In total, our analyses have provided an extremely data-rich resource for uncovering new functions of RDR-dependent RNA silencing in plants, while also revealing a previously unexplored link between the RDR6/SGS3-dependent pathway and plant abiotic stress responses.
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Wang, Lei, Neil A. Smith, Lan Zhang, Elizabeth S. Dennis, Peter M. Waterhouse, Peter J. Unrau, and Ming-Bo Wang. "Synthesis of complementary RNA by RNA-dependent RNA polymerases in plant extracts is independent of an RNA primer." Functional Plant Biology 35, no. 11 (2008): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp08118.

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RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDR) activities were readily detected in extracts from cauliflower and broccoli florets, Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh callus tissue and broccoli nuclei. The synthesis of complementary RNA (cRNA) was independent of a RNA primer, whether or not the primer contained a 3′ terminal 2′-O-methyl group or was phosphorylated at the 5′ terminus. cRNA synthesis in plant extracts was not affected by loss-of-function mutations in the DICER-LIKE (DCL) proteins DCL2, DCL3, and DCL4, indicating that RDRs function independently of these DCL proteins. A loss-of-function mutation in RDR1, RDR2 or RDR6 did not significantly reduce the amount of cRNA synthesis. This indicates that these RDRs did not account for the bulk RDR activities in plant extracts, and suggest that either the individual RDRs each contribute a fraction of polymerase activity or another RDR(s) is predominant in the plant extract.
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Qu, Feng. "Antiviral Role of Plant-Encoded RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases Revisited with Deep Sequencing of Small Interfering RNAs of Virus Origin." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 23, no. 10 (October 2010): 1248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-06-10-0124.

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Several recent studies profiled virus-specific small interfering RNAs (vsRNAs) using next generation sequencing platforms and compellingly implicated plant-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDR) in vsRNA biogenesis and vsRNA-mediated antiviral defense. Specifically, both RDR1 and RDR6 were found to contribute to the accumulation of vsRNAs in virus-infected cells. While RDR1 was responsible for the majority of vsRNAs in plants infected with three different viruses, RDR6 acted as a surrogate when RDR1 function was disrupted. Mechanistically, vsRNAs associated with RDR1 mostly mapped to viral RNA regions close to the 5′ ends, whereas those associated with RDR6 mapped to more 3′ regions and appeared to be dependent on higher viral RNA concentrations. Knocking out both RDR1 and RDR6 led to drastically diminished vsRNA levels concomitant with enhanced viral RNA accumulation. In conclusion, these studies established that RDR1 and RDR6 function synergistically to contain RNA virus infections through the RNA silencing–based antiviral defense.
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Adkar-Purushothama, Charith Raj, and Jean-Pierre Perreault. "Suppression of RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase 6 Favors the Accumulation of Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid in Nicotiana Benthamiana." Viruses 11, no. 4 (April 14, 2019): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11040345.

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To date, two plant genes encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRs) that play major roles in the defense against RNA viruses have been identified: (i) RdR1, which is responsible for the viral small RNAs (vsRNAs) found in virus-infected plants, and, (ii) RdR6, which acts as a surrogate in the absence of RdR1. In this study, the role of RdR6 in the defense against viroid infection was examined by knock-down of RdR6 followed by potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) infection. The suppression of RdR6 expression increased the plant’s growth, as was illustrated by the plant’s increased height. PSTVd infection of RdR6 compromised plants resulted in an approximately three-fold increase in the accumulation of viroid RNA as compared to that seen in control plants. Additionally, RNA gel blot assay revealed an increase in the number of viroids derived small RNAs in RdR6 suppressed plants as compared to control plants. These data provide a direct correlation between RdR6 and viroid accumulation and indicate the role of RDR6 in the plant’s susceptibility to viroid infection.
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Chen, Miaojiang, Anfeng Liu, Wei Liu, Kaoru Ota, Mianxiong Dong, and Neal N. Xiong. "RDRL: A Recurrent Deep Reinforcement Learning Scheme for Dynamic Spectrum Access in Reconfigurable Wireless Networks." IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering 9, no. 2 (March 1, 2022): 364–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2021.3117565.

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Chen, Miaojiang, Anfeng Liu, Wei Liu, Kaoru Ota, Mianxiong Dong, and Neal N. Xiong. "RDRL: A Recurrent Deep Reinforcement Learning Scheme for Dynamic Spectrum Access in Reconfigurable Wireless Networks." IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering 9, no. 2 (March 1, 2022): 364–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2021.3117565.

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Donaire, Livia, Daniel Barajas, Belén Martínez-García, Llucia Martínez-Priego, Israel Pagán, and César Llave. "Structural and Genetic Requirements for the Biogenesis of Tobacco Rattle Virus-Derived Small Interfering RNAs." Journal of Virology 82, no. 11 (March 19, 2008): 5167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00272-08.

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ABSTRACT In plants, small RNA-guided processes referred to as RNA silencing control gene expression and serve as an efficient antiviral mechanism. Plant viruses are inducers and targets of RNA silencing as infection involves the production of functional virus-derived small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Here we investigate the structural and genetic components influencing the formation of Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-derived siRNAs. TRV siRNAs are mostly 21 nucleotides in length and derive from positive and negative viral RNA strands, although TRV siRNAs of positive polarity are significantly more abundant. This asymmetry appears not to correlate with the presence of highly structured regions of single-stranded viral RNA. The Dicer-like enzyme DCL4, DCL3, or DCL2 targets, alone or in combination, viral templates to promote synthesis of siRNAs of both polarities from all regions of the viral genome. The heterogeneous distribution profile of TRV siRNAs reveals differential contributions throughout the TRV genome to siRNA formation. Indirect evidence suggests that DCL2 is responsible for production of a subset of siRNAs derived from the 3′ end region of TRV. TRV siRNA biogenesis and antiviral silencing are strongly dependent on the combined activity of the host-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerases RDR1, RDR2, and RDR6, thus providing evidence that perfectly complementary double-stranded RNA serves as a substrate for siRNA production. We conclude that the overall composition of viral siRNAs in TRV-infected plants reflects the combined action of several interconnected pathways involving different DCL and RDR activities.
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Guo, Zhongxin, Jinfeng Lu, Xianbing Wang, Binhui Zhan, Wanxiang Li, and Shou-Wei Ding. "Lipid flippases promote antiviral silencing and the biogenesis of viral and host siRNAs in Arabidopsis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 6 (January 25, 2017): 1377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1614204114.

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Dicer-mediated processing of virus-specific dsRNA into short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in plants and animals initiates a specific antiviral defense by RNA interference (RNAi). In this study, we developed a forward genetic screen for the identification of host factors required for antiviral RNAi in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using whole-genome sequencing and a computational pipeline, we identified aminophospholipid transporting ATPase 2 (ALA2) and the related ALA1 in the type IV subfamily of P-type ATPases as key components of antiviral RNAi. ALA1 and ALA2 are flippases, which are transmembrane lipid transporter proteins that transport phospholipids across cellular membranes. We found that the ala1/ala2 single- and double-mutant plants exhibited enhanced disease susceptibility to cucumber mosaic virus when the virus-encoded function to suppress RNAi was disrupted. Notably, the antiviral activity of both ALA1 and ALA2 was abolished by a single amino acid substitution known to inactivate the flippase activity. Genetic analysis revealed that ALA1 and ALA2 acted to enhance the amplification of the viral siRNAs by RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) 1 (RDR1) and RDR6 and of the endogenous virus-activated siRNAs by RDR1. RNA virus replication by plant viral RdRPs occurs inside vesicle-like membrane invaginations induced by the recruitment of the viral RdRP and host factors to subcellular membrane microdomains enriched with specific phospholipids. Our results suggest that the phospholipid transporter activity of ALA1/ALA2 may be necessary for the formation of similar invaginations for the synthesis of dsRNA precursors of highly abundant viral and host siRNAs by the cellular RdRPs.
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Wang, Mian, Shanwei Li, Haifang Yang, Zheng Gao, Changai Wu, and Xingqi Guo. "Characterization and functional analysis of GhRDR6, a novel RDR6 gene from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Bioscience Reports 32, no. 2 (November 21, 2011): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bsr20100086.

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RDR6 (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6) is not only involved in virus resistance but also plays an important role in natural plant development. In the present study, a novel RDR gene, named GhRDR6 (Gossypium hirsutum RDR6), was isolated from cotton (G. hirsutum L.). Alignment and evolutionary relationship analyses showed that GhRDR6 was more closely related to RDR6 than to other RDRs. Expression analysis indicated that this single-copy gene is constitutively expressed in the roots, stems and leaves. Semi-quantitative RT–PCR (reverse transcription–PCR) showed that GhRDR6 was up-regulated by the application of various phytohormones, including MeJA [methyl JA (jasmonate)], ABA (abscisic acid), JA, α-naphthylacetic acid, gibberellins and ET (ethylene). In addition, GhRDR6 expression increased in response to wounding, cold (4°C) and NaCl treatments, but not by drought. Furthermore, overexpression of GhRDR6 in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants resulted in root lengths longer than the wide-type during the seeding stage. Interestingly, the GhRDR6-overexpressing plants displayed reduced tolerance to oxidative damage, resulting in reduced ABA-sensitivity, but they tolerated freezing. Moreover, resistance to potato virus Y was enhanced in transgenic N. benthamiana plants. These results suggest that GhRDR6 may play an important role in plant defence responses and a pivotal role in plant development.
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Polydore, Seth, and Michael J. Axtell. "Analysis of RDR1 /RDR2 /RDR6 -independent small RNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana improves MIRNA annotations and reveals unexplained types of short interfering RNA loci." Plant Journal 94, no. 6 (May 13, 2018): 1051–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13919.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "RDRL"

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Alkhybari, Essam. "Establishing diagnostic reference levels and optimisation methods for patients undergoing PET/CT examinations." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/22082.

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Objectives: This thesis investigates the diagnostic reference levels (DRL) for positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and identifies factors that contribute to radiation doses from whole-body (WB) PET/CT procedures. The specific objectives are to (i) establish a regional DRL (RDRL) for Australian (AU) Queensland and Western Australian states (AU QLD/WA) and the first national DRL (NDRL) for New Zealand (NZ); (ii) derive an AU local DRL (LDRL) for paediatric patients based on age and weight categories; and (iii) investigate the associated factors behind variations in WB PET/CT radiation doses for AU and NZ adult patients and AU paediatric patients. Methods: The design for a modified DRL study, based on two survey booklets, was performed to collect the demographic data of adult and paediatric patients, PET/CT radiation doses, and PET/CT protocols and technological details. Further data analyses were performed to identify factors influencing radiation dose. Results: A modified DRL adult survey was used in this study to report the AU QLD/WA RDRL and NZ NDRL for WB PET/CT examinations. The AU QLD/WA RDRL and the NZ NDRL for WB fluoride-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT were 333.75 MBq and 332.87 MBq, respectively. The reported AU QLD/WA and NZ volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) for the CT scan were 4.41 mGy and 483.75 mGy.cm, and 13.07 mGy and 1318.60 mGy.cm, respectively. The determined AU QLD/WA RDRL and NZ NDRL for 18F-FDG were in agreement with published NDRL data. In the paediatric study, the LDRLs for radiation doses from 18F-FDG PET/CT investigations were reported based on age and weight categories. The main factor influencing adult radiation doses was patients’ weight (PET: 45% AU & NZ) and mAs (CT: 84% AU/ 80% NZ); patients’ weight was the main factor for CT in the paediatric age and weight groups. Conclusion: The modified DRL method facilitates DRL reporting and investigating sources of variation in PET/CT radiation doses. The associated factors influencing dose variation for adult patients were weight for PET administered activity and mAs for CT dose, and weight was the main factor for the paediatric CT dose. This thesis acknowledged the potential for DRLs to promote dose optimisation strategies.
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Charlesworth, Steven Roy. "Investigation into resistance strategies against geminiviruses by understanding and adapting RNA interference." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/121482/2/Steven%20Roy%20Charlesworth%20Thesis.pdf.

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This project investigated new strategies to improve viral resistance in crops against the increasing global threat of DNA viruses. The research showed that a combination of protective strategies is more likely to be effective and durable than a single approach. A gene from a wild relative was identified as a new potential source of DNA virus resistance.
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Alsubaie, Fehaid. "Cu(0)-mediated RDRP : synthesis of multiblock copolymers and mechanistic studies." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/81846/.

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The aim of this work is to investigate the versatility of Cu(0)-mediated reversible deactivation radical polymerisation (RDRP) in aqueous media in order to facilitate the synthesis of multiblock copolymers consisting of various acrylamides. Under carefully optimised conditions, a simple and highly efficient one-pot polymerisation procedure (full conversion for each block and no intermediate purification required) will be developed allowing access to iterative monomer additions, fast polymerisation rates and high level of control. As a result, complex microstructures (such as hexablocks) can be achieved in a quantitative manner in a matter of few hours, which consists the fastest synthesis of such material up to date. However, the loss of the halide chain end will be shown to be the main limitation of the in situ chain extensions and block copolymerisations of acrylamides in water. In order to assess the effect of the nature of the monomer to the loss of the end group fidelity, a further investigation into the monomer nature and the lifetime of the ω-Br chain end will be conducted further highlighting the importance to monomer structure and sequence in poly(acrylamide)s multiblocks in order to maximise the retention of the bromine chain end. At the second part of this thesis, a mechanistic investigation of Cu(0)-mediated polymerisation in organic and aqueous media will also be presented. The role of the Cu(0) on the polymerisation kinetics and will be extensively investigated differentiating Cu(0)-wire from the in situ generated Cu(0) particles. The extent of disproportionation and comproportionation reactions in aqueous, organic and aqueous/organic mixtures will be also evaluated and the effect of the monomer on these reactions will also be shown demonstrating a completely different behaviour between organic and aqueous media. Finally, a direct comparison between Cu(0) and Cu(I) mediated polymerisation under exactly the same reaction conditions will be attempted indicating different active species depending on the conditions employed. Nevertheless and regardless the mechanism, the ideal polymerisation protocol that allows access to the preparation of high ordered materials will be shown. Very fast polymerisation rates (achieving quantitative conversion within 10 min), high end group fidelity even at full monomer conversion and good control over the molecular weight distribution will highlight Cu(0)-mediated polymerisation as a versatile tool for the synthesis of a wide range of materials.
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Yasmin, Aneela [Verfasser]. "Identification and molecular characterization of the Rdr1 resistance gene from roses / Aneela Yasmin." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover, 2011. http://d-nb.info/101111593X/34.

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Scrase, Andrew N. "On RDL and its application to the performability of communications networks." Thesis, Open University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278916.

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Röhrs, Ina [Verfasser]. "Role of the Rdr1 gene family in the black spot resistance in roses / Ina Röhrs." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1213523397/34.

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Faul, Charmaine Hester. "The impact of Retail Distribution Review (RDR) on the South African financial planning industry." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15193.

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The Retail Distribution Review (RDR) was introduced by the Financial Services Board (FSB) to change the distribution and remuneration practices in the financial services industry in an attempt to ensure that clients receive fair treatment when purchasing financial products. The FSB aims to ensure that clients are sold products which are suitable for their financial needs and objectives; that clients receive appropriate advice which is not biased and not subject to product supplier influence in particular and that there is full transparency in the sales process. The current distribution of financial products and some financial advisor remuneration models are noted as contributing factors to the poor outcomes of current product selling practices. The impact of RDR on the sustainability of the South African financial services industry and advisor force is expected to be substantial, especially in terms of advisor remuneration, the reduction in qualified experienced advisors and a growing advice gap. This study reviewed the research conducted in the UK and Australia where RDR has been implemented and the impact thereof on the financial planning industry in these countries. This study aimed to determine if the South African advisors have started changing their business models to ensure that they are ready for the implementation of RDR and to reduce the impact of RDR on their practices. An environmental scan was conducted in order to identify and understand other factors specific to the South African context which will impact the financial services industry in the future. Research was conducted via online questionnaires as well as personal interviews to determine the perception of clients pertaining to the trustworthiness and professionalism of financial advisors and what they perceive as value in terms of financial planning, their knowledge of RDR and the changing environment. Industry experts were given the opportunity to share their views regarding the impact of RDR on the industry as well as their proposals in terms of the implementation and roll-out of RDR.
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Araújo, Alexandre Gentil Corte-Real de. "O fortalecimento dos poderes locais na República democrática de Timor Leste (uma nova interpretação da Constituição da RDTL/2002)." Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da UFBA, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10728.

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Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-11T17:20:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre.pdf: 389784 bytes, checksum: 59f1781890e7588ac36502477051339a (MD5)
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O legislador atual do Timor Leste ainda não cumpriu o seu dever obrigatório de editar as leis ordinárias previstas no texto constitucioanal, principalmente aquelas relacionadas à instalação e implementação da política de descentralização político-administrativa em Timor Leste, em consonância com a Constituição nacional. Por esse motivo, o Governo Central ainda acumula todo o poder. Para alterar este quadro, é urgente que o atual legislador ordinário crie leis relativas à descentralização, para que assim possa fortalecer a existência do Poder Local, e, consequentemente, chegar-se à democratização.
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Romon, Marjorie. "Rôle du gène de floraison VvFT dans la mise en place de la floraison chez la vigne : mise en évidence des mécanismes d'extinction génique chez la vigne et de leurs réponses face aux stress abiotiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ125/document.

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Chez la vigne, les gibbérellines activent le débourrement des bourgeons latents et stimulent la formation de vrilles mais contrairement à Arabidopsis, celles-ci semblent inhiber la formation d'inflorescences. Par ailleurs, comme la floraison de la vigne n'est pas sensible à la photopériode,on peut se demander si l'orthologue du gène FT (VvFT) a tout de même un rôle intégrateur au niveau des feuilles et s'il active l'expression de l'orthologue du gène LFY (VFL). Dans la première partie de ma thèse, nous avons conduit une analyse moléculaire avec un matériel original : un porte-greffe 41 B transformé avec une construction contenant le gène VvFT sous contrôle du promoteur 35S et une plante dérivée du Pinot Meunier, portant une mutation dans le gène GA-INSENSITIVE (GAl). Notre étude montre que les gibbérellines ou/et le gène VvFT activent les gènes de floraison comme VFL. mais avec des réponses très différentes entre la vrille, les bourgeons latents et les inflorescences.Dans la seconde partie de ma thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés au silencing. Nous avons produit des plantes transgéniques de la lignée PN40024 contenant soit le gène codant la GFP, soit une construction tige-boucle GF-FG, soit les deux. Les cals embryogènes transgéniques GFP et GFP+GF-FG sont fluorescents. Par contre, nous avons observé une disparition totale de la fluorescence chez ces PN40024 GFP+GF-FG, dès l'apparition des premières feuilles et chez la plante entière. L'étude moléculaire a mis en évidence des petits ARNs de 21 nt et 24nt produits à partir de la construction tige-boucle GF-FG. Des petits ARNs secondaires de 21 nt produit à partir de la séquence de la GFP ont été également été détectés
In grapevine, gibberellins activate latent bud and stimulate the formation of tendrils but in contrast to Arabidopsis, they appear to inhibit the formation of inflorescences. Moreover, as the flowering of the grapevine is not sensitive ta photoperiod, one might wonder whether the ortholog of the FTgene (VvFT) still has an integrative raie in leaves and it activates the expression of the ortholog ofLFY gene (VFL). ln the first part of my thesis, we conducted a molecular analysis with original material: a rootstock 41 B transformed with a construct containing the VvFT gene under the control of the 35S promoter and a derivative of the plant Pinot Meunier, carrying a mutation in the GA-INSENSITIVE gene (GAl). Our study shows that gibberellins and 1 or the gene VvFT activate genes in flowering as a VFL, but with very different responses between the tendril, latent buds and inflorescences.ln the second part of my thesis, we are interested in silencing. We produced transgenic plants of the PN40024 which line containing either the gene encoding GFP, a stem-loop structure GF-FG, orbath. The embryogenic callus transgenic GFP and GFP + GF-FG fluoresce. We observed acomplete disappearance of fluorescence in PN40024 GFP + GF-FG, from the first leaves appear and in the whole plant Molecular analysis revealed small RNAs of 21 nt and 24nt produced from the stem-loop structure GF-FG. Small secondary 21 nt RNAs produced from the sequence of the GFP were also detected
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Amroun, Abdennour. "Caractérisation d'antiviraux contre divers Bunyaviridae, criblage, validation et étude du cap-snatching et les mécanismes d'initiation de la transcription du phlebovirus Toscana." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0666/document.

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Lors d’un crible d’une chimiothèque de ChemBridge (28 500 composés), nous avons identifié deux molécules (T10 et T13), chimiquement très proches, capables d’inhiber la réplication du phlebovirus Toscana (TOSV) (Phenuiviridae) dans des cellules de singe Vero E6. Une recherche d’analogues disponibles commercialement a permis d’identifier le (T101) capable d’inhiber divers virus appartenant à l’ordre des Bunyavirales, mais aussi des flavivirus et des alphavirus. Le large spectre d’activité du T101 suggérait une cible cellulaire que nous avons pu identifier avec son mécanisme d’action potentiel (confidentiel avant dépôt de brevet). En collaboration avec un groupe de chimistes de l’Institut de Virologie de Hambourg (Allemagne), nous avons synthétisé et testé environ 300 analogues structuraux (2D et 3D) de ces molécules en vue d’optimiser l’activité antivirale par une étude SAR (relation structure-activité). Les meilleures molécules (index de sélectivité CC50/IC50> 400) suivant les virus et l’origine de l’espèce cellulaire (humaine, singe et souris), ont été sélectionnées pour des études de leurs propriétés de solubilité, d’absorption, et de stabilité métabolique (ADME-TOX). La molécule la plus active sur cellules murines sera testée lors d’infections expérimentales de souris.En parallèle, j’ai écrit une revue sur la RdRp des Bunyavirales en décrivant sa structure, ses motifs et les différents mécanismes de synthèse des ARN viraux. J’ai également fait une étude sur le mécanisme de vol de coiffe du TOSV. J’ai essayé de construire un système de génétique inverse pour TOSV. Enfin j’ai aussi participé à l’étude de l’évolution du CHIKV dans les cellules d’insectes et de mammifères
We have screened a subset of the ChemBridge chemical library (28,500 compounds) for compounds inhibiting the replication of Toscana phlebovirus (TOSV) (Phenuiviridae family) in Vero E6 primate cell cultures. Tow molecules chemically very close (T10, T13) have been validated as good inhibitors of TOSV replication. The search for commercially available analogs allowed the identification of (T101). This compound is found active against viruses from highly divergent families such as Bunyavirales order, Flavivirus and Alphavirus. We have determined that the target of this compound family is a cellular enzyme (the cellular target and the mechanism of action are confidential). The inhibitors family was further explored through the synthesis, by a group of chemists (Hambourg University, Germany), of about 300 structural analogs in order to optimize the antiviral activity using SAR studies (structure-activity relationship). The most active molecules (selectivity index CC50 / IC50> 400) depending on virus species and origin of cell species (human, monkey and mouse) were selected for studies of solubility, absorption, metabolic stability (ADME-TOX) and pharmacodynamics. The most promising compound that is active in murine cells will be tested in experimentally infected mice.I wrote a review on the RdRp of bunyaviruses describing its structure, motifs and the various mechanisms of viral RNA synthesis. I also made a study on the cap-snatching mechanism and the initiation of transcription of TOSV and tried to develop a reverse genetics system for TOSV. In parallel I also participated in the study of the evolution of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in insect and mammalian cells
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Books on the topic "RDRL"

1

Christensen, Haaken A. Olivier Debré: Debré og L rdal = Debré et L rdal = Debré and L rdal. 2nd ed. Oslo: Dreyer, 1991.

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Rangpur-Dinajpur Rural Service (Bangladesh). Microfinance Program, ed. RDRS and the poor: Microfinance as partnership : twenty years of microfinance in RDRS Bangladesh. Dhaka: RDRS Bangladesh, 2011.

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Nag rtsis rdel ʼgrem ʼbras bśad. Lanzhou: Kan-suʼu mi rigs dpe skrun khaṅ, 1995.

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Neogi, M. G., and Syed Samsuzzaman. Food security in changed climate: RDRS experience. Edited by Rangpur-Dinajpur Rural Service (Bangladesh). Dhaka: RDRS Bangladesh, 2011.

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(Bangladesh), Rangpur-Dinajpur Rural Service, ed. Climate change and food security: RDRS experience. Dhaka: RDRS Bangladesh, 2010.

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Lefebvre, Ediciones Francis. Reforma laboral: (RDL 3/2012). 2nd ed. Madrid: Ediciones Francis Lefebvre, 2012.

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Community Development Library (Dhaka, Bangladesh) and Private Rural Initiatives Program (Bangladesh), eds. Credit to the poor through groups: The RDRS example. Dhaka, Bangladesh: Community Development Library in collaboration with PRIP (Private Rural Initiatives Program), 1989.

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Kloṅ-rdol-Ṅag-dbaṅ-blo-bzaṅ gi gsuṅ ʼbum. [Lha-sa]: Bod-ljoṅs Bod yig dpe rñiṅ dpe skrun khaṅ, 1991.

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Goshgarian. Contemporary Rdr. Not Avail, 1998.

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Myers, David G., SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, and Worth Publishers. MOD PSYCH 6E&SCI AM RDR&HM RDR. Worth Publishers, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "RDRL"

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Yaduvanshi, Rajveer S., and Harish Parthasarathy. "Hybrid Modes in RDRA." In Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antennas, 211–32. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2500-3_10.

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Yannakoudakis, E. J., and C. P. Cheng. "Relational Database Language (RDL)." In Standard Relational and Network Database Languages, 21–23. London: Springer London, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3287-5_2.

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Compton, Paul, and Byeong Ho Kang. "RDR and Machine Learning." In Ripple-Down Rules, 121–35. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021.: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003126157-9.

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Yaduvanshi, Rajveer S., and Harish Parthasarathy. "Mathematical Analysis of RDRA Amplitude Coefficients." In Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antennas, 103–34. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2500-3_5.

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Li, Suny. "RDL and Flip Chip Design." In MicroSystem Based on SiP Technology, 399–419. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0083-9_13.

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Yaduvanshi, Rajveer S., and Harish Parthasarathy. "Mathematical Analysis of Radiation Pattern of RDRA." In Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antennas, 135–46. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2500-3_6.

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Zhou, Yi, and Yan Zhang. "RDL: Enhancing Description Logic with Rules." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 567–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35101-3_48.

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Lau, John H. "FOWLP: Chip-Last or RDL-First." In Fan-Out Wafer-Level Packaging, 195–206. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8884-1_7.

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Yaduvanshi, Rajveer S., and Harish Parthasarathy. "RDRA Angular Excitation Mathematical Model and Resonant Modes." In Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antennas, 181–98. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2500-3_8.

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Lau, John H. "Heterogeneous Integrations on Fan-Out RDL Substrates." In Heterogeneous Integrations, 193–204. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7224-7_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "RDRL"

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Bernstein, Abraham, and Christoph Kiefer. "Imprecise RDQL." In the 2006 ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1141277.1141675.

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Shih, Chih-Ching, Wei-Hao Hsiao, Leo Chan, Hsiao-Tien Chang, Li-Kuang Kuo, Ding-Jhang Lin, Yen-Hai Chao, and Chih-Yuan Lu. "Stress Analysis of Damage in Active Circuitry beneath Redistribution Layer (RDL) Bonding Pad and Improvements for Reliability." In ISTFA 2019. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2019p0266.

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Abstract Redistribution layer (RDL) bonding pad over active circuitry is utilized to re-route the original bond pad to other location for wire bonding using RDL. The damages in the active circuitry beneath the RDL bond pad induced by stress from wire bonding and package must be evaluated for reliability in the product development. The experimental approach and test structures are proposed in this paper. Functional fail was detected in electrical test after reliability tests on packaged IC. The dielectric cracking initiated by wire bonding that corresponds to the functional fail is identified by physical failure analysis and Transmission-Electron-Microscopy (TEM) at a specific location beneath the RDL bond pad. Finite element simulations are used to analyze the wire bonding stress distribution and circuit-under-pad design effect. The predicted maximum stress for the dielectric cracking matches to the location observed in the physical failure analysis. Based on the experiment and the simulation data, design rules for the circuit routing beneath the RDL bond pad have been successfully developed that all product reliability tests pass later with extend bonding power. The results lead to significant improvements in the robustness of circuit routing structure beneath the RDL bond pad for dielectric cracking without modifications of the existing processes for the product.
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Ates, Abdullah, Baris Baykant Alagoz, Celaleddin Yeroglu, Jie Yuan, and YangQuan Chen. "Disturbance Rejection FOPID Control of Rotor by Multi-Objective BB-BC Optimization Algorithm." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67283.

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This paper presents a FOPID tuning method for disturbance reject control by using multi-objective BB-BC optimization algorithm. Proposed method allows multi-objective optimization of set-point performance and disturbance rejection performances of FOPID control system. The objective function to be minimized is composed of the weighted sum of MSE for set-point performance and RDR for disturbance rejection improvement. The proposed optimization performs maximization of RDR and minimization of MSE and it can deal with the tradeoff between RDR performance and step-point performance. Application of the method is shown for auto-tuning of FOPID controller that is employed for control of TRMS model. We observed that low-frequency RDR indices can be used to improve disturbance rejection performance in multi-objective controller tuning problems. Particularly, for flight control application, disturbance reject control is very substantial to robust performance of propulsion systems.
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Rao, Dongning, Zhihua Jiang, Yuanli Wen, and Jianhua Li. "Performance of the RDDL planners." In 2016 IEEE International Conference of Online Analysis and Computing Science (ICOACS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icoacs.2016.7563060.

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Lee, S. W. R., J. C. C. Lo, X. Qiu, and N. Tu. "Solderability and Reliability of Sintered Nano-Ag Bond Pads of Printed Re-Distribution Layer (RDL)." In ASME 2021 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2021-74199.

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Abstract Re-distribution layer (RDL) is one key enabling technology for advance packaging. RDL is usually fabricated in wafer level by photolithography process. An alternative approach for implementing RDL by additive manufacturing (AM) method is proposed in this study. This allows RDL to be fabricated on singulation chip. Nano-silver (nano-Ag) ink is printed on the silicon chip to form routing traces and bond pads. However, the Ag pad may be consumed by solder quickly if the process is not properly controlled. This paper studied the effect of nano-Ag ink sintering condition on the solderability of Ag pad. The solder joint mechanical integrity was evaluated by solder ball shear test. High temperature storage test was also carried out to evaluate the solder joint reliability. Experiment results showed that Ag pad fabricated by AM is SMT compatible. High temperature storage did not cause early failure to the samples. There was not significant change in the Ag3Sn IMC layer thickness and mechanical strength. The finding of the present study will serve as a very useful reference for future practice of forming solder joints on sintered nano-Ag pads.
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Hung, Chu-Pao (Otis), Yu-Po Wang, Steven Chen, and Katch Wan. "Fan-Out MCM Solutions Study for Heterogeneous Integration on Intelligent Computing Application." In ASME 2020 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2020-2528.

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Abstract In recent years, semiconductor products have developed rapidly, from desktop computers with basic computing to Internet-connected smartphones, to emerging intelligent and perceived smart system products, such as mass-produced of smart home appliances, smart watches, and under development of smart glasses. The product trend is toward high performance, multi-functional integration, thinner profile and lower cost features. These requirements are interrelated with wafer technology and assembly process development. The advanced wafer technology, such as 5nm / 3nm, will provide higher performance. However, as Moore’s Law is approaching the physical limit, the industry has turned to the development of advanced packaging solution technologies to break through this bottleneck. At present, the industry’s forward-looking packaging platform includes 2.5 D, 3D, Fan-out and SiP modules, etc., which technologies can integrate chiplet, chip stack, passive components as heterogeneous integrated packaging solutions. Fan-Out MCM Platform has integrative characteristics for homogeneous / heterogeneous wafers and passives, lower cost and lower profile advantage than 2.5D, also provided comparable performance to 2.5D by proper RDL / Substrate layout design. In addition, in order to meet the high-performance characteristics of products, toward developing multi-layer RDL layers (more than 3 layers). This article will plan a series of multi-RDL layers sample tests, RDL sample build of line width/line space of 1/1um and introduce the related process challenge, microstructure data.
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Gupta, Ravi Dutt, Sonu Agrawal, and S. K. Behera. "Design of a compact reconfigurable RDRA." In 2013 National Conference on Communications (NCC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ncc.2013.6487976.

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Ho, Soon Wee, Hsiao Hsiang-Yao, Simon Siak Boon Lim, Chong Ser Choong, Sharon Lim Pei Siang, and Chai Tai Chong. "High Density RDL build-up on FO-WLP using RDL-first Approach." In 2019 IEEE 21st Electronics Packaging Technology Conference (EPTC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eptc47984.2019.9026655.

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Altayeb, Khalid O., Su Yushan, Wu Shixiang, and Chen Zhankun. "Regional Geological Study and Potential Prediction of the Rio Del Rey Basin (RDR), Offshore Cameroon." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2571282-ms.

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ABSTRACT Located in the eastern end of Niger delta; the Rio Del Rey (RDR) basin has a unique, complex multi-staged geological features and different types of Structures. This study has aimed to better understand the different structural and stratigraphic setting of the fields within the RDR basin and the way they control the hydrocarbon occurrences. To do that, an integrated 2D and 3D seismic interpretation was done targeting the toe thrust boundary, the upper Cretaceous unconformity and four key horizons of different depth levels in the Tertiary formations. Twelve regional profiles of contrastive orientations that cover the whole basin were interpreted to identify the regional structures; well correlation was done to identify the shallower tertiary settings while additional detailed grids of interpretation at the northeastern and southwestern corners and the seismic facies analysis of the whole RDR study area were used to classify the stratigraphic setting at the deeper regions. The results have revealed that the RDR basin is mainly controlled by thrusting, diapirism and detachment fault structures. The major toe thrust zone is found southern of Ngosso and trends in the northeast-southwestern direction. Gravitational tectonism becomes the primary deformation process shaping the structures as the sediments accumulation increases to the south and consequently, several shale ridges were formed. These ridges and their lateral movement from North to South along with the whole sediments increasing have caused a slope instability of the lower ductile Akata shale formation; what caused the forming of the detachment faults zone in the Northern and middle parts of the RDR basin. The Oongue Turbidites of Eocene were deposited in the northeastern part of the basin in deep water fans by the main sediments supply from the North and the East with various sand thicknesses due to the structural system. The hydrocarbon potential accumulations are found in the mid to upper Tertiary formations and the deeper Upper Cretaceous, but most of the oil and gas fields are located in shallower deltaic reservoirs associated with fault-bounded traps related to shale ridges and diapir structures. Considerable amounts of hydrocarbons were also found within the turbidites sands of Oongue (NE) and Isongo (SE).
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Ross, Mathias, Christopher Lietz, and William A. Hargus. "Synthetic Laser Diagnostics of Simulated RDRE Exhaust." In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2021 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-3643.

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Reports on the topic "RDRL"

1

Gal-On, Amit, Shou-Wei Ding, Victor P. Gaba, and Harry S. Paris. role of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1 in plant virus defense. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597919.bard.

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Objectives: Our BARD proposal on the impact of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1 (RDR1) in plant defense against viruses was divided into four original objectives. 1. To examine whether a high level of dsRNA expression can stimulate RDR1 transcription independent of salicylic acid (SA) concentration. 2. To determine whether the high or low level of RDR1 transcript accumulation observed in virus resistant and susceptible cultivars is associated with viral resistance and susceptibility. 3. To define the biogenesis and function of RDR1-dependent endogenous siRNAs. 4. To understand why Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) can overcome RDR1-dependent resistance. The objectives were slightly changed due to the unique finding that cucumber has four different RDR1 genes. Background to the topic: RDR1 is a key plant defense against viruses. RDR1 is induced by virus infection and produces viral and plant dsRNAs which are processed by DICERs to siRNAs. siRNAs guide specific viral and plant RNA cleavage or serve as primers for secondary amplification of viral-dsRNA by RDR. The proposal is based on our preliminary results that a. the association of siRNA and RDR1 accumulation with multiple virus resistance, and b. that virus infection induced the RDR1-dependent production of a new class of endogenous siRNAs. However, the precise mechanisms underlying RDR1 induction and siRNA biogenesis due to virus infection remain to be discovered in plants. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: We found that in the cucurbit family (cucumber, melon, squash, watermelon) there are 3-4 RDR1 genes not documented in other plant families. This important finding required a change in the emphasis of our objectives. We characterized 4 RDR1s in cucumber and 3 in melon. We demonstrated that in cucumber RDR1b is apparently a new broad spectrum virus resistance gene, independent of SA. In melon RDR1b is truncated, and therefore is assumed to be the reason that melon is highly susceptible to many viruses. RDR1c is dramatically induced due to DNA and RNA virus infection, and inhibition of RDR1c expression led to increased virus accumulation which suggested its important on gene silencing/defense mechanism. We show that induction of antiviral RNAi in Arabidopsis is associated with production of a genetically distinct class of virus-activated siRNAs (vasiRNAs) by RNA dependent RNA polymerase-1 targeting hundreds of host genes for RNA silencing by Argonaute-2. Production of vasiRNAs is induced by viruses from two different super groups of RNA virus families, targeted for inhibition by CMV, and correlated with virus resistance independently of viral siRNAs. We propose that antiviral RNAi activate broad-spectrum antiviral activity via widespread silencing of host genes directed by vasiRNAs, in addition to specific antiviral defense Implications both scientific and agricultural: The RDR1b (resistance) gene can now be used as a transcription marker for broad virus resistance. The discovery of vasiRNAs expands the repertoire of siRNAs and suggests that the siRNA-processing activity of Dicer proteins may play a more important role in the regulation of plant and animal gene expression than is currently known. We assume that precise screening of the vasiRNA host targets will lead in the near future for identification of plant genes associate with virus diseases and perhaps other pathogens.
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Greenwald, Erik. A ModSAF RDR File Interface for the U.S. Army Research Laboratory Vulnerability Server. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada430499.

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Greenwald, Erik. A ModSAF RDR File Interface for the U.S. Army Research Laboratory Vulnerability Server. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada430935.

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Levin, Ilan, John W. Scott, Moshe Lapidot, and Moshe Reuveni. Fine mapping, functional analysis and pyramiding of genes controlling begomovirus resistance in tomato. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594406.bard.

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Abstract. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a monopartitebegomovirus, is one of the most devastating viruses of cultivated tomatoes and poses increasing threat to tomato production worldwide. Because all accessions of the cultivated tomato are susceptible to these viruses, wild tomato species have become a valuable resource of resistance genes. QTL controlling resistance to TYLCV and other begomoviruses (Ty loci) were introgressed from several wild tomato species and mapped to the tomato genome. Additionally, a non-isogenic F₁diallel study demonstrated that several of these resistance sources may interact with each other, and in some cases generate hybrid plants displaying lower symptoms and higher fruit yield compared to their parental lines, while their respective resistance genes are not necessarily allelic. This suggests that pyramiding genes originating from different resistance sources can be effective in obtaining lines and cultivars which are highly resistant to begomoviruses. Molecular tools needed to test this hypothesis have been developed by our labs and can thus significantly improve our understanding of the mechanisms of begomovirus resistance and how to efficiently exploit them to develop wider and more durable resistance. Five non-allelic Ty loci with relatively major effects have been mapped to the tomato genome using molecular DNA markers, thereby establishing tools for efficient marker assisted selection, pyramiding of multiple genes, and map based gene cloning: Ty-1, Ty-2, Ty-3, Ty-4, and ty-5. This research focused on Ty-3 and Ty-4 due to their broad range of resistance to different begomoviruses, including ToMoV, and on ty-5 due to its exceptionally high level of resistance to TYLCV and other begomoviruses. Our aims were: (1) clone Ty-3, and fine map Ty-4 and Ty-5 genes, (2)introgress each gene into two backgroundsand develop semi isogenic lines harboring all possible combinations of the three genes while minimizing linkage-drag, (3) test the resulting lines, and F₁ hybrids made with them, for symptom severity and yield components, and (4) identify and functionally characterize candidate genes that map to chromosomal segments which harbor the resistance loci. During the course of this research we have: (1) found that the allelic Ty-1 and Ty-3 represent two alternative alleles of the gene coding DFDGD-RDRP; (2) found that ty-5is highly likely encoded by the messenger RNA surveillance factor PELOTA (validation is at progress with positive results); (3) continued the map-based cloning of Ty-4; (4) generated all possible gene combinations among Ty-1, Ty-3 and ty-5, including their F₁ counterparts, and tested them for TYLCV and ToMoV resistance; (5) found that the symptomless line TY172, carrying ty-5, also carries a novel allele of Ty-1 (termed Ty-1ⱽ). The main scientific and agricultural implications of this research are as follows: (1) We have developed recombination free DNA markers that will substantially facilitate the introgression of Ty-1, Ty-3 and ty-5 as well as their combinations; (2) We have identified the genes controlling TYLCV resistance at the Ty-1/Ty-3 and ty-5 loci, thus enabling an in-depth analyses of the mechanisms that facilitate begomovirus resistance; (3) Pyramiding of Ty resistance loci is highly effective in providing significantly higher TYLCV resistance.
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