Journal articles: 'RCS simulation'

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Hao, Jiaxing, Xuetian Wang, Sen Yang, and Hongmin Gao. "Intelligent Simulation Technology Based on RCS Imaging." Applied Sciences 13, no. 18 (September 8, 2023): 10119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131810119.

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The target simulation of airplanes is an important research topic. It is particularly important to find the right balance between high performance and low cost. In order to balance the contradictions between realistic target simulations and controllable costs, the scientific formulation of the performance parameters of target simulation is the key to achieving high performance. This paper proposes an intelligent simulation technology based on RCS imaging simulation through the combination of 60° variation corner reflector and a Luneberg lens reflector. It is designed to simulate several important RCS characteristics of the aircraft. At the same time, the different RCS images are automatically shifted to the corresponding gear position to achieve the purpose of simulation, and the price is low and the performance is good. It can be used for the training of radar target searching.

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Jia, Jing, Wen Sheng, and Lu Zhang. "Research on Aircraft Target Detection Probability for OTHR." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 1261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.1261.

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In this paper, a simulation method of detection probability of aircraft target for Over-The-Horizon Radar (OTHR) by computer is proposed. The effects of different ionosphere states on detection range for OTHR is concluded, which become constraint on simulation of detection probability. Taking variety of target RCS with attitude during flight through given track into consideration, simulation model of target dynamic RCS is established. Models of instantaneous detection probability and comprehensive detection probability are also presented. Then, detection probability of aircraft can be obtained through utilizing all models above based on given calculation steps. Simulations show that ionosphere state and target RCS have a great influence on detection probability.

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Prashanth, B. U. V. "Design and Implementation of Radar Cross-Section Models on a Virtex-6 FPGA." Journal of Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/489765.

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The simulation of radar cross-section (RCS) models in FPGA is illustrated. The models adopted are the Swerling ones. Radar cross-section (RCS) which is also termed as echo area gives the amount of scattered power from a target towards the radar. This paper elucidates the simulation of RCS to represent the specified targets under different conditions, namely, aspect angle and frequency. This model is used for the performance evaluation of radar. RCS models have been developed for various targets like simple objects to complex objects like aircrafts, missiles, tanks, and so forth. First, the model was developed in MATLAB real time simulation environment and after successful verification, the same was implemented in FPGA. Xilinx ISE software was used for VHDL coding. This simulation model was used for the testing of a radar system. The results were compared with MATLAB simulations and FPGA based timing diagrams and RTL synthesis. The paper illustrates the simulation of various target radar cross-section (RCS) models. These models are simulated in MATLAB and in FPGA, with the aim of implementing them efficiently on a radar system. This method can be generalized to apply to objects of arbitrary geometry for the two configurations of transmitter and receiver in the same as well as different locations.

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Persson, Bjorn, and M. Norsell. "Conservative RCS Models for Tactical Simulation." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 57, no. 1 (February 2015): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/map.2015.2397151.

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Zhang, Jie, Gerileqimuge, Run Xie, Yanming Song, and Quanzhao Sun. "RCS Computation and Analysis of a Diamond-shaped Thermal Jacket for Gun Barrels." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2478, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 022001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2478/2/022001.

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Abstract A research on RCS simulations and analysis of a diamond-shaped thermal jacket was carried out, to make thermal jackets on tanks less detectable to known radar observation methods. Based on the principles of radar stealth technology, a diamond-shaped thermal jacket was modeled. The RCS simulation models were established by employing the physical optics method (PO), the monostatic RCS characteristics of the diamond-shaped thermal jacket at high frequency region was investigated, and the major components affecting the radar scattering characteristics were evaluated. The original end part played a major role in the radar scattering characteristics of the diamond-shaped thermal jacket. The RCS simulation of thermal jackets in various shapes, including the cylinder-shaped, the original diamond-shaped, and the diamond-shaped without the original end part are carried out, and a comparative evaluation of the schemes is provided. The results show that trans-shaping the cylinder-shaped model to the diamond-shaped model is a method to effectively reduce the average RCS of the thermal jackets in the frontal and lateral directions, improve the overall stealth performance of tank guns. The work is beneficial for design and evaluation concerning about the shape stealth technology of thermal jackets for gun barrels.

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Hao, Jiaxing, Xuetian Wang, Sen Yang, Hongmin Gao, Cuicui Yu, and Wentao Xing. "Intelligent Target Design Based on Complex Target Simulation." Applied Sciences 12, no. 16 (August 10, 2022): 8010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12168010.

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The emergence and popularization of various fifth-generation fighter jets with supersonic cruise, super maneuverability, and stealth functionalities have raised higher and more comprehensive challenges for the tactical performance and operational indicators of air defense weapon systems. The training of air defense systems requires simulated targets; however, the traditional targets cannot simulate the radar cross-section (RCS) distribution characteristics of fifth-generation fighter aircrafts. In addition, the existing target aircrafts are expensive and cannot be mass-produced. Therefore, in this paper, a corner reflector and a Luneburg ball reflector with RCS distribution characteristics of a fifth-generation fighter in a certain spatial area are designed for target simulation. Several corner reflectors and Luneburg balls are used to form an array to realize the simulations. The RCS value and distribution characteristics of the target can be combined with fuzzy clustering and a single-chip microcomputer to design an intelligent switching system, which improves the practicability of the intelligent target design proposed in this paper.

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Zhao, Jun Juan, Jin Yuan Yin, and Cheng Fan Li. "RCS Simulation of Dihedral Corner Reflector Based FEKO." Applied Mechanics and Materials 321-324 (June 2013): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.108.

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CR-InSAR is developing continuously in recent years. It is an important technology in the field of monitoring crustal micro-deformation. Radar cross section of corner reflector is an important work foundation because only radar cross section of artificial corner reflector achieves maximum, it is easier to recognize it from SAR image and increase monitoring accuracy. Dihedral corner reflector is the simplest type in proving ground of Northwest of Beijing; its RCS research is a beneficial attempt helping to build up reasonable corner reflector layout. In the paper, establishing geometric model and subdivision model of dihedral corner reflector are based on FEKO software, and choosing physical optics to simulate RCS. The simulation result is good consistency with theoretical max value. Through analyzing RCS curve, it can help to provide guidance on how to set up corner reflector in the proving ground.

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Song, Seungeon, Han-Seop Shin, Dae-Oh Kim, Chul-Ung Kang, and Seokjun Ko. "Modelling and Simulation of Glint and RCS of Complex Target." IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications 12, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14372/iemek.2017.12.1.27.

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Jung, Jinwoo, Changseok Cho, Minsu Choi, Shinjae You, Jungje Ha, Hyunsoo Lee, Cheonyoung Kim, Ilyoung Oh, and Yongshik Lee. "Compensation of Heat Effect in Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) Plasma System for Radar Cross-Section (RCS) Reduction." Sensors 23, no. 16 (August 11, 2023): 7121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23167121.

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In this study, the problems encountered in radar cross-section (RCS) measurement experiments utilizing a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma system are examined and an effective solution is proposed. A DBD plasma system generates heat due to the high bias voltage required for plasma generation. The thermal-induced structural deformation of the DBD structure caused by this high voltage and its impact on RCS measurements are analyzed. In addition, techniques for minimizing the thermal-induced deformation and compensation methods for addressing the minimized deformation are proposed. Furthermore, RCS measurements are conducted on two kinds of DBD structures using the proposed method to experimentally demonstrate the improved agreement between the simulation and measurement results. For both structures, the RCS experimental results are in very good agreement with the simulation results, which enables accurate plasma characterization. In conclusion, it can be expected that the proposed method can be used to provide more accurate RCS measurements on various DBD structures that generate high heat.

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Mu, Rongjun, and Xin Zhang. "Control Allocation Design of Reaction Control System for Reusable Launch Vehicle." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/541627.

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During the early stage of reusable launch vehicle (RLV) reentry flight, reaction control system (RCS) is the major attitude control device. RCS, which is much different from the atmospheric steer’s control, requires a well designed control allocation system to fit the attitude control in high altitude. In this paper, an indexed control method was proposed for RCS preallocation, a 0-1 integer programming algorithm was designed for RCS allocation controller, and then this RCS scheme’s effect was analyzed. Based on the specified flight mission simulation, the results show that the control system is satisfied. Moreover, several comparisons between the attitude control effect and RCS relevant parameters were studied.

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Wu, Yacong, Jun Huang, Mingxu Yi, and Chaopu Zhang. "Simulation of active cancellation system based on N-order SSC algorithm." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 91, no. 7 (July 8, 2019): 949–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-08-2017-0190.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce the theoretical basis of N-order spectral spreading-compressing (SSC) frequency shift interference algorithm and expand it to active cancellation. An active cancellation simulation and verification system based on N-order SSC algorithm is established and carried out; simultaneously, the absorbing material coating stealth simulation of two kinds of thickness is carried out to compare the stealth effect with active cancellation system. Design/methodology/approach The active cancellation method based on N-order SSC algorithm is proposed based on theoretical formula derivation; the active cancellation simulation and verification system is established in MATLAB/Simulink. The full-size model is built by CATIA and meshed by hypermesh. The omnidirectional radar cross section (RCS) is calculated in cadFEKO, and the results are analyzed in postFEKO. Findings The simulations are implemented on a stealth fighter, and results show that after active cancellation, the peak of spectrum analyzer has reduced in all azimuths, the omnidirectional RCS has also decreased and the detection probability of almost all azimuths has dropped under 50 per cent. The absorbing material coating stealth simulations of two kinds of thickness are carried out, and results show that the stealth effect of active cancellation is much better than absorbing material coating. Practical implications An active cancellation system based on SSC algorithm is proposed in this paper, and the effect of active cancellation is verified and compared with that of absorbing materials. A new method for the current active stealth is provided in this paper. Originality/value Active cancellation simulation and verification system is established. RCS calculation module, signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) calculation module and detection probability module are built to verify the effect of active cancellation system. Simultaneously, the absorbing material coating stealth simulation is carried out, and the stealth effect of absorbing material coating and active cancellation are compared and analyzed.

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Bhovi, Prabhakar M., Akash R. Naik, Dattatraya Adarsh, C. G. Ranjitkumar, and K. Venkateswarlu. "Simulation Studies and Evolution of Mechanical Properties of AA6061 Subjected to RCS." Advanced Materials Research 1148 (June 2018): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1148.142.

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AA6061 alloy was selected as starting material, as this alloy play vital role in aerospace, automotive and naval applications. To enhance mechanical properties and study the structural correlation of AA6061 using one of the promising SPD (Severe Plastic Deformation) technique. In RCS (Repetitive Corrugation and Straightening), repetitive bending and shearing stresses act alternatively on the specimen. The die models and work piece were designed using Creo parametric 2.0 and imported to AFDEX-2014 (Adviser metal Forming Design Expert) for simulation studies. AA6061 was subjected to four passes (8 stages) of RCS. Effective strain observed in AA6061 alloy was 2.389 and strain rate increased during corrugation and less during straightening stages. The theoretical effective strain was 2.65.The experimental effective strain was validated and found to be nearly approximately 92% of the theoretical result. Further, mechanical properties like tensile strength and microhardness increased to 1.5 to 2 times in AA6061 alloy after eight passes of RCS. Keywords: AA6061, RCS, SPD, Microhardness, Tensile strength

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Addison, Freya I., Thomas Dally, Elizabeth J. Duncan, James Rouse, William L. Evans, Christopher Hassall, and Ryan R. Neely. "Simulation of the Radar Cross Section of a Noctuid Moth." Remote Sensing 14, no. 6 (March 20, 2022): 1494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14061494.

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Electromagnetic modelling may be used as a tool for understanding the radar cross section (RCS) of volant animals. Here, we examine this emerging method in detail and delve deeper into the specifics of the modelling process for a single noctuid moth, with the hope of illuminating the importance of different aspects of the process by varying the morphometric and compositional properties of the model. This was accomplished by creating a high-fidelity three-dimensional insect model by micro-CT scanning a gold-palladium-coated insect. Electromagnetic simulations of the insect model were conducted by applying different morphological and compositional configurations using the WiPL-D Pro 3D Electromagnetic Solver. The simulation results show that high-resolution modelling of insects has advantages compared to the simple ellipsoidal models used in previous studies. We find that the inclusion of wings and separating the composition of the body, wings, and legs and antennae have an impact on the resulting RCS of the specimen. Such modifications to the RCS are missed when a prolate spheroid model is used and should not be ignored in future studies. Finally, this methodology has been shown to be useful in exploring the changes in the RCS that result from variations in specimen size. As such, utilising this methodology further for more species will improve the ability to quantitatively interpret aeroecological observations of weather surveillance radars and special-purpose entomological radars.

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Men, Jin Jie, Qing Xuan Shi, and Qi Zhou. "Overview of the Research on Connections in Composite Frames Consisting of Reinforced Concrete Column and Steel Beam." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 568–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.568.

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Frames consisting of reinforced concrete column and steel beam (RCS) is a new type of composite structures. Background of the research and application of the RCS composite joints and composite frames are overviewed detailedly in this paper. Then the research evolution of the RCS composite joints including experimental research and numerical simulation in America, Japan and China are described in detail. Finally some problems existing and the development directions of research on RCS framing systems in future are pointed out.

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Wu, Zijian, Fei Wang, and Jianjiang Zhou. "Demanded Dwell Time Reduction Based on Prior RCS Fluctuation Constraint in Target Tracking." Journal of Sensors 2020 (July 25, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8833000.

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In the field of airborne radar resource management, one of the most accessible solutions to enhance the power of modern radar system is to save target tracking time as much as possible. During the target tracking process, it is effective to utilize the prior knowledge of the radar cross section (RCS) of the target to save airborne radar resource. Since the target RCS is sensitive to frequency and attitude angle, it is difficult to predict the target RCS accurately. This paper proposes an effective way to save airborne radar time resource in the target tracking process by changing radiation frequency of airborne radar to tolerate certain RCS fluctuation. Firstly, based on the tolerable fluctuation range of the target RCS, this paper designs an effective search algorithm to minimize the frequency set while maximizing the average RCS within the limited fluctuation range. Secondly, the detection probability prediction phase is renewed by taking the RCS fluctuation into account in order to reduce the radar dwell time. Finally, by using interactive multiple model Kalman filter (IMMKF) algorithm, a target tracking procedure with the minimum dwell time prediction method is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed method is effective. As for target tracking simulation of three different trajectories, the proposed method can save at best 81.35% more dwell time than the fixed frequency method.

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Zhuang, Ya-Qiang, Chen-Xin Zhang, and Xiao-Kuan Zhang. "A NOVEL SIMULATION APPROACH OF AIRCRAFT DYNAMIC RCS." Progress In Electromagnetics Research M 36 (2014): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierm14040311.

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Edward, A. B., P. S. Heyns, and F. Pietra. "Shot Peening Modeling and Simulation for RCS Assessment." Procedia Manufacturing 7 (2017): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2016.12.044.

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Persson, B., and M. Norsell. "On Modeling RCS of Aircraft for Flight Simulation." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 56, no. 4 (August 2014): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/map.2014.6931656.

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Wang, Kai, Li Cheng, Xin Yu Wang, and Cong Yi Fu. "Simulation and Analysis of Stealth Fighter RCS in High-Frequency Band." Advanced Materials Research 571 (September 2012): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.571.547.

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The sky wave over-the-horizon radar (OTHR) works in high-frequency (HF) band, in which the stealth fighter RCS feature is largely different from that in microwave band. According to 3ds-Max model of F-22 fighter, RCS in HF band is computed by XFDTD software with different frequency, polarizations and angles. The simulation provides worthy preference on researching the ability of anti-stealth fighter of OTHR.

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Haoyu, Liu, Zhang Yunfei, and Li Shihao. "Simulation and Effectiveness Analysis on One versus One Beyond Visual Range Air Combat." MATEC Web of Conferences 151 (2018): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815105001.

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A kind of one versus one beyond visual range (BVR) air combat model has been established, which includes functional models of radar, missile and fighter and the process of several combat stages. Air combat effectiveness ratio (ACER) is defined to analyse the result. The 2k factor design method is used to design combat test case and analyses the influence of three factors (fighter stealth character, missile range and flight height) on ACER. Simulation result reveals that when RCS of one fighter is reduced from 0dBm2 to -10dBm2 which cannot remarkably affect the opposition fighter’s radar detection distance and missile launch distance, the RCS factor has small influence and the missile range factor has great influence. When RCS of one fighter is reduced from -10dBm2 to -20dBm2, the opposition fighter’s radar detection distance will be reduced and lead the result of its missile launch distance be less than its missile range. Compared with the former case, the effect of RCS factor increases and the effect of missile range factor decreases. However, the effect of height is not significant.

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Jiakai, Zhang, Zheng Qi, Li Haixiong, Ding Jun, and Guo Chenjiang. "Wideband radar cross section reduction of a microstrip antenna with square slots." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 11, no. 4 (February 20, 2019): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078719000011.

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AbstractThis paper proposes a new radar cross section (RCS) reduced microstrip antenna incorporating 475 square slots on the patch. The proposed antenna achieves wideband RCS reduction with radiation performance sustained. The modified and reference antenna are simulated and analyzed in radiating and scattering mode, respectively. Prototypes of two antennas are fabricated and measured. Compared with the reference antenna, the simulated result shows the modified antenna RCS reduced in the frequency range 1.1–2.6 GHz, which contains the in-band and out-of-band frequency band simultaneously. And the maximum RCS reduction is 7.6dB at the frequency of 1.19GHz. Besides, the modified antenna can achieve the antenna RCS reduction in the case of oblique incidence. The prototypes of two antennas are fabricated and measured, and the accuracy of the simulation is proved by the measured result. Due to its advantages of simplicity, wideband RCS reduced, broad-angle RCS reduced, the method in this paper is suitable for wideband antenna RCS reduction in space-limited environment.

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Buddendick, H., and T. F. Eibert. "Concept for accelerated ray-based monostatic RCS simulations using bistatic approximations." Advances in Radio Science 7 (May 18, 2009): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-7-29-2009.

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Abstract. An approach enabling accelerated shooting and bouncing rays (SBR) simulations to determine the backscattering properties of electrically large and complex objects is presented. Instead of performing independent simulations for all required aspect angles, the concept is based on the idea of additionally exploiting bistatic information for some neighboring aspect angles. Therefore the results of the geometrical ray tracing, which consumes a large part of the computational resources in case of complex shaped objects can be reused multiple times with only low additional computational resources. This method works well for objects with a sufficiently smooth shape and if a large number of aspect angles is to be simulated. A simple generic simulation example is used to show the general applicability of the method and to examine the degradation of the results depending on the applied bistatic angle. Furthermore, the acceleration that can be expected by the presented approach is determined and verified with the simulation example.

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Zhang, Jiakai, Haixiong Li, Qi Zheng, Jun Ding, and Chenjiang Guo. "Wideband radar cross-section reduction of a microstrip antenna using slots." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 10, no. 9 (August 7, 2018): 1042–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078718000569.

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AbstractIn this study, a new microstrip patch antenna with wideband radar cross-section (RCS) reduction is presented. The RCS of the proposed antenna was reduced by subtracting the current-direction slots of the patch, with the radiation performance sustained not only for the current-direction subtraction, but also for the no modification in the ground plane. Modified and reference antenna were fabricated and measured. The simulation and measurement results showed that the modified antenna reduced the in-band and out-band RCS simultaneously with no detriment to the radiation performance. In the frequency band from 3.9 to 8.1 GHz, the RCS of the modified antenna was reduced in the whole band compared with the RCS of the reference antenna. The maximum RCS reduction was 7 dB at a frequency of 6.7 GHz.

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Zhang, Zhao, Yazhong Zhang, Tianlong Wu, Shaowen Chen, Wei Li, and Jianguo Guan. "Broadband RCS Reduction by a Quaternionic Metasurface." Materials 14, no. 11 (May 24, 2021): 2787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112787.

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A quaternionic metasurface consisting of two pairs of units with destructive phase difference is proposed to extend the bandwidth of radar cross section (RCS) reduction. The two pairs of units are designed to have complementary phase-different bandwidth, which extends the bandwidth of RCS reduction. The overlaps of their bandwidth enhance the RCS reduction, resulting in a metasurface having broadband and strong RCS reduction. This design and the wideband RCS reduction of the quaternionic metasurface were verified by analytical calculation with superposition principle of electric field, numerical simulation with commercial software package CST Microwave Studio and experiment in microwave anechoic chamber. The scattering mechanism and the angular performance of the quaternionic metasurface were also investigated.

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Kronberger, T., W. Kapferer, S. Schindler, A. Böhm, E. Kutdemir, and B. L. Ziegler. "Internal Kinematics of Modelled Isolated and Interacting Disc Galaxies." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, S235 (August 2006): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921306006223.

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AbstractWe present a systematic investigation of the velocity fields of both isolated and interacting spiral galaxies in combined N-body/hydrodynamical simulations. Closely mimicking the procedures applied in observations of distant, small, and faint galaxies we extract rotation curves (RCs) and compare the results of the simulation directly to observations. Irregularities in the velocity field reflect disturbances in the gravitational potential of the galaxy. They can be used to trace the recent interaction history of a galaxy and give possible clues to the type of the respective interaction. In addition, identifying disturbances in the RCs is important for Tully-Fisher studies in order to accurately derive the maximum rotation velocity.

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Veerabathini, Surender, Sudhakara Reddy Penubolu, and Ramana Reddy Penubolu. "RCS Modeling and Validation of Full Scale Launch Vehicle for its Real Time Dynamic Trajectory." Defence Science Journal 73, no. 5 (August 31, 2023): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.73.18193.

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Radar Cross Section (RCS) plays a significant role in detecting and tracking the space-based objects such as launch vehicles, missiles, aircrafts etc. In space applications, Radar systems are used to track and provide real-time trajectory information of the satellite launch vehicles after the lift off from the launch pad for range safety purpose. RCS is a critical key parameter that determines tracking performance of the Radar and it is highly dependent on both Radar operating parameters and the target characteristics. For space-based applications, a good quantity of RCS is required for quick detection by the Radar for continuous tracking. In order to choose the best Radar tracking configuration for real time tracking of the launch vehicle, it is required to model and simulate the launch vehicle’s RCS fluctuations prior to launch in order to predict the real time Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) for its complete dynamic trajectory. This modeling and simulation methodology will help to choose the optimum Radar configuration for obtaining a good quantity SNR in the real-time launch. This study also provides good guidance to Radar operators for the effective Radar operation during real time space object tracking. This paper demonstrates, the real-time RCS fluctuations of a typical ISRO launch vehicle through simulation for its dynamic trajectory using physical optics based EM software prior to launch. Furthermore, the simulation results are validated with real time monostatic Radar tracking data, which showed good agreement.

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Kunkler, Kevin. "The role of medical simulation: an overview." International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery 2, no. 3 (2006): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcs.101.

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Chen, Yujiao, Binbin Pei, Jiuxing Zhang, Haojun Xu, and Chaozhe Wang. "Dynamic radar cross section similarity study based on dynamic time warping." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2882, no. 1 (November 1, 2024): 012077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2882/1/012077.

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Abstract Dynamic radar cross-section (RCS) represents the radar reflectance cross-section of an aircraft at different moments during flight and is a crucial criterion for evaluating the ability of a radar to detect an aircraft. In practice, it is challenging to construct an accurate 6-DOF dynamics model for the purpose of solving its dynamic RCS. Consequently, a 3-DOF dynamics model is employed for the analysis of dynamic RCS. This paper presents a methodology for the joint simulation of the dynamic RCS under two DOF models and subsequent comparison and analysis of the resulting sequence data via the dynamic time warping algorithm. It is also concluded that the dynamic RCS values calculated using the 3-DOF dynamics model can identify the target vehicle.

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Zhang, Ming, Najiao Zhang, Peng Dong, Lin Yang, Baozhu Wang, Ruihong Wu, and Weimin Hou. "All-Metal Coding Metasurfaces for Broadband Terahertz RCS Reduction and Infrared Invisibility." Photonics 10, no. 9 (August 23, 2023): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10090962.

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With the rapid advancement of modern technology and radar detection systems, electromagnetic (EM) stealth technology has become increasingly significant, particularly in aircraft stealth and military radar applications. In this work, an all-metal metasurface is designed for broadband terahertz radar cross-section (RCS) reduction and infrared invisibility. The all-metal metasurface possesses extremely low infrared emissivity and high polarization conversion in the terahertz band. Through the joint simulation of MATLAB and CST, a genetic algorithm is used to optimize the random phase distribution of 2, 3, and 4-bit metasurfaces, so that the reflected wave is scattered to achieve broadband terahertz RCS reduction. Simulation results show that the metasurface can simultaneously achieve broadband terahertz RCS reduction in 3–5 THz and infrared invisibility in 24–38 THz (8–12.5 μm). The RCS reduction of the coding metasurface is greater than 10 dB compared to the metal plate, and the maximum RCS reduction of the 4-bit metasurface can reach 21.1 dB. Compared to the traditional design method, the proposed method can reduce time consumption and find the optimal result to achieve high performance. We believe the proposed method can provide significant guidance for surface coating in camouflage applications and opens up new possibilities for improving the information capacity of coding metasurfaces.

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Li, Y., S. Y. Xu, Y. S. Yuan, L. S. Huang, and S. Wang. "Study for Space Charge Effect in tune Space at CSNS-II/RCS." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2687, no. 5 (January 1, 2024): 052018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2687/5/052018.

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Abstract CSNS-II is an upgrade project of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), requiring an increase in beam power from 100 kW to 500 kW. In order to find a suitable working points area in advance and evaluate the influence of the space charge effect on the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) of CSNS-II, the measurements of beam loss with various tunes on CSNS/RCS was carried out and the beam loss simulation in the transverse tune space at CSNS-II/RCS has been performed. Finally, four candidate working points are compared.

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SIVERSKY, TARAS V., and VALENTINA V. ZHARKOVA. "Particle acceleration in a reconnecting current sheet: PIC simulation." Journal of Plasma Physics 75, no. 5 (October 2009): 619–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377809008009.

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AbstractThe acceleration of protons and electrons in a reconnecting current sheet (RCS) is simulated with a particle-in-cell (PIC) 2D3V (two-dimensional in space and three-dimensional in velocity space) code for the proton-to-electron mass ratio of 100. The electromagnetic configuration forming the RCS incorporates all three components of the magnetic field (including the guiding field) and a drifted electric field. PIC simulations reveal that there is a polarization electric field that appears during acceleration owing to a separation of electrons from protons towards the midplane of the RCS. If the plasma density is low, the polarization field is weak and the particle trajectories in the PIC simulations are similar to those in the test particle (TP) approach. For the higher plasma density the polarization field is stronger and it affects the trajectories of protons by increasing their orbits during acceleration. This field also leads to a less asymmetrical abundance of ejected protons towards the midplane in comparison with the TP approach. For a given magnetic topology electrons in PIC simulations are ejected to the same semispace as protons, in contrast to the TP results. This happens because the polarization field extends far beyond the thickness of a current sheet. This field decelerates the electrons, which are initially ejected into the semispace opposite to the protons, returns them back to the RCS, and, eventually, leads to the electron ejection into the same semispace as protons. The energy distribution of the ejected electrons is rather wide and single-peaked, in contrast to the two-peak narrow-energy distribution obtained in the TP approach. In the case of a strong guiding field, the mean energy of the ejected electrons is found to be smaller than it is predicted analytically and by the TP simulations. The beam of accelerated electrons is also found to generate turbulent electric field in the form of Langmuir waves.

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Pourabdian, Majid, Mehdi Ebrahimi, and Mehran Qate. "A variable turbulent Schmidt number formulation by numerical simulation of atmospheric plume dispersion." International Journal of Modern Physics C 29, no. 04 (April 2018): 1850035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183118500353.

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Turbulent Schmidt number as an important parameter in computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations is strongly dependent on height, whereas it is mostly considered to be constant in the literature. This paper presents a new variable turbulent Schmidt number formulation which can calculate the relative concentrations (RCs) in neutral atmospheric conditions more accurately. To achieve this aim, RCs from continuous releases are calculated in different distances by the analytical Gaussian plume mode. CFD simulations are carried out for single stack dispersion on a flat terrain surface and an inverse procedure is then applied so that different turbulent Schmidt numbers are used as inputs to determine the RCs to select the “best-fit” turbulent Schmidt number value. This process is continued for different heights to fit a curve to obtain the new formulation for turbulent Schmidt number varying with height. The values are compared with experimental results. The comparison indicates that the new formulation for turbulent Schmidt number is more accurate and reliable than previous research works.

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Wen, Baoqian, Tao Wang, and Kun Cheng. "Simulation Research on Dynamic RCS Characteristics of Cruise Missile." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 300 (August 9, 2019): 022170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/300/2/022170.

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Cheng, Liangliang, Kuizhi Yue, CuiFang Xing, and Dazhao Yu. "RCS Numerical Simulation of Stealth Modified Three-Surface Aircraft." International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences 17, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5139/ijass.2016.17.1.101.

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Lin, Liu, Tang Jing-Yu, Qiu Jing, and Wei Tao. "Longitudinal RF capture and acceleration simulation in CSNS RCS." Chinese Physics C 33, S2 (June 2009): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/33/s2/002.

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M.Bhovi, Prabhakar, S. H. Gururaj, R. B. Lohit, and K. Venkateswarlu. "Simulation studies on RCS processed Al-Mg-Sc alloy." Materials Today: Proceedings 5, no. 2 (2018): 7525–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.424.

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Yue, Kuizhi, Wenlin Liu, Guanxiong Li, Jinzu Ji, and Dazhao Yu. "Numerical simulation of RCS for carrier electronic warfare airplanes." Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 28, no. 2 (April 2015): 545–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2015.01.004.

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Ahn, Sungbae, and Jinhwan Koh. "RCS Prediction Using Prony Method in High-Frequency Band for Military Aircraft Models." Aerospace 9, no. 11 (November 21, 2022): 734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9110734.

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Obtaining Radar Cross Section (RCS) data, one of the essential parameters for aircraft design, generally takes a lot of time and cost. Measurement time and accuracy of measurement results may be affected depending on the RCS measurement method and environment. When it comes to the RCS measurement method, the direct approach, which measures RCS on a real item, is more accurate than the indirect approach, which is implemented through simulation. However, in consideration of balancing accuracy, time and cost, the indirect approach is more generally used due to its efficiency. In this paper, in order to find an optimized method for more improved prediction results of indirect approach in the high-frequency band, three prediction methods are proposed: the Prony method, the Matrix pencil method (MPM) and the Rational Function method. It is confirmed that the RCS prediction result utilizing the Prony method in the high-frequency band has the minimum error in the case of Prony and MPM Methods, which have not been utilized for RCS prediction in the high-frequency band, and the Rational function method with currently applicable cases are employed. The prediction methods are, respectively, applied to a model based on three military aircraft models such as Jet Plane, F-117 and Transport Plane, and its simulation is performed under identical conditions. The original data and the extrapolated data obtained from the methods are compared at a certain angle for each model, and the errors between the extrapolated data are also compared in order to verify the efficacy of the prediction methods.

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Tang, Huatao, Hao Cha, Feng Liu, Bin Tian, and Binbin Wang. "Research on RCS measurement of ship targets based on conventional radars." Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences 7, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 1105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amns.2022.1.00030.

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Abstract A measurement method and system based on conventional radars has been proposed to address the problem of radar cross-section (RCS) measurement of ship targets in open seas. Calibration errors for RCS measurement on ground plane range (GPR) are analysed, and the error elimination method and accurate RCS calculation formula are given. An RCS measurement system is designed by improving conventional radars. These systems measure two Luneburg lens reflectors of different sizes on the lake. The average RCS of the big Luneburg lens reflector is obtained, and the error is calculated to be 2.73% compared with its actual value, which verifies the rationality of the proposed measurement method and system. The system measures the RCS of a ship in the open sea and obtains its circumferential RCS distribution. The effect of the error in the ship's position calculation on the RCS measurement results is analysed, and the uncertainty range of the error is obtained.

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Wu, Guozhang, Wenqi Yu, Tao Lin, Yangyang Deng, and Jianguo Liu. "Ultra-Wideband RCS Reduction Based on Non-Planar Coding Diffusive Metasurface." Materials 13, no. 21 (October 26, 2020): 4773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214773.

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A novel non-planar coding metasurface optimized by discrete particle swarm algorithm (DPSO) is proposed in terms of the property of wideband radar cross-section (RCS) and diffuse scattering. The design consists of two unit cells, “0” and “1”, which have a 180° ± 37° phase difference for phase interference cancellation. The 10 dB monostatic RCS reduction frequency range of the metasurface is from 6.4 to 29.6 GHz, and its bandwidth ratio is 4.62:1, under normal incidence of the two polarizations. Compared to the planar surface, the non-planar surface has a greater bandwidth with respect to the monostatic and bistatic RCS reduction. The results declare its properties of ultra-wideband, angle insensitivity, and polarization insensitivity. Finally, the theoretical analysis, simulation, and experimental results match perfectly, indicating that the metasurface can be used in the RCS reduction or other microwave applications with wider RCS reduction and diffuse scattering.

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Wang, Ling, Feng Gao, Shuhua Teng, Tiantian Guo, Chenggao Luo, and Yang Zeng. "Terahertz VO2-Based Dynamic Coding Metasurface for Dual-Polarized, Dual-Band, and Wide-Angle RCS Reduction." Nanomaterials 14, no. 11 (May 23, 2024): 914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14110914.

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With the rapid development of terahertz radar technology, the electromagnetic device for terahertz radar cross-section (RCS) reduction is worth investigating. However, the existing research concentrates on the RCS reduction metasurface with fixed performance working in the microwave band. This paper proposes a terahertz dynamic coding metasurface integrated with vanadium dioxide (VO2) for dual-polarized, dual-band, and wide-angle RCS reduction. The simulation result indicates that by switching the state of the VO2 between insulator and metal, the metasurface can realize the effective RCS reduction at 0.18 THz to 0.24 THz and 0.21 THz to 0.39 THz under the left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized incident waves. When the polar and azimuth angles of the incident wave vary from 0° to 40° and 0° to 360° respectively, this metasurface can maintain a 10 dB RCS reduction. This work has potential value in the terahertz stealth field.

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Villard, Pierre-Frederic, Peter E. Hammer, Douglas P. Perrin, Pedro J. del Nido, and Robert D. Howe. "Fast image-based mitral valve simulation from individualized geometry." International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery 14, no. 2 (January 22, 2018): e1880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcs.1880.

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Liu, Hanyang, Liangsheng Huang, Yang Liu, Shouyan Xu, and Sheng Wang. "Simulation and measurement of beam loading effects in magnetic alloy rf cavity of CSNS RCS." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2687, no. 5 (January 1, 2024): 052001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2687/5/052001.

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Abstract Different from the ferrite cavity, the Q value of magnetic alloy cavity in CSNS RCS is only about 1.25, the frequency band of impedance is wide, and the beam loading effects is strong. Based on the impedance measurement results, the influence of the beam loading effects on the longitudinal distribution of the magnetic alloy cavity in CSNS RCS is studied by simulation, and the induced voltage measured on the machine is consistent with it.

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Min, Chan-Oh, Seun-Woo Jeong, Dae-Woo Lee, and Keum-Rae Cho. "Integrated Simulation of Descent Phase using the RCS jet for a Lunar Lander." Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 41, no. 6 (June 1, 2013): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2013.41.6.473.

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Ramachandran, Tayaallen, Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque, Mandeep Singh Jit Singh, Mayeen Uddin Khandaker, Mohammad Salman, and Ahmed A. F. Youssef. "Reduction of Radar Cross Section by Adopting Symmetrical Coding Metamaterial Design for Terahertz Frequency Applications." Materials 16, no. 3 (January 23, 2023): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16031030.

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This work focused on the novel and compact 1-bit symmetrical coding-based metamaterial for radar cross section reduction in terahertz frequencies. A couple of coding particles were constructed to impersonate the elements ‘0′ and ‘1′, which have phase differences of 180°. All the analytical simulations were performed by adopting Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio 2019 software. Moreover, the transmission coefficient of the element ‘1′ was examined as well by adopting similar software and validated by a high-frequency structure simulator. Meanwhile, the frequency range from 0 to 3 THz was set in this work. The phase response properties of each element were examined before constructing various coding metamaterial designs in smaller and bigger lattices. The proposed unit cells exhibit phase responses at 0.84 THz and 1.54 THz, respectively. Meanwhile, the analysis of various coding sequences was carried out and they manifest interesting monostatic and bistatic radar cross section (RCS) reduction performances. The Coding Sequence 2 manifests the best bistatic RCS reduction values in smaller lattices, which reduced from −69.8 dBm2 to −65.5 dBm2 at 1.54 THz. On the other hand, the monostatic RCS values for all lattices have an inclined line until they reach a frequency of 1.0 THz from more than −60 dBm2. However, from the 1.0 THz to 3.0 THz frequency range the RCS values have moderate discrepancies among the horizontal line for each lattice. Furthermore, two parametric studies were performed to examine the RCS reduction behaviour, for instance, multi-layer structures and as well tilt positioning of the proposed coding metamaterial. Overall it indicates that the integration of coding-based metamaterial successfully reduced the RCS values.

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Fei, Zhongyang, Yan Yang, Xiangwen Jiang, Qijun Zhao, and Xi Chen. "Dynamic Electromagnetic Scattering Simulation of Tilt-Rotor Aircraft in Multiple Modes." Sensors 23, no. 17 (September 1, 2023): 7606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23177606.

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To study the electromagnetic scattering of tilt-rotor aircraft during multi-mode continuous flight, a dynamic simulation approach is presented. A time-varying mesh method is established to characterize the dynamic rotation and tilting of tilt-rotor aircraft. Shooting and bouncing rays and the uniform theory of diffraction are used to calculate the multi-mode radar cross-section (RCS). And the scattering mechanisms of tilt-rotor aircraft are investigated by extracting the micro-Doppler and inverse synthetic aperture radar images. The results show that the dynamic RCS of tilt-rotor aircraft in helicopter and airplane mode exhibits obvious periodicity, and the transition mode leads to a strong specular reflection on the rotor’s upper surface, which increases the RCS with a maximum increase of about 36 dB. The maximum micro-Doppler shift has functional relationships with flight time, tilt speed, and wave incident direction. By analyzing the change patterns of maximum shift, the real-time flight state and mode can be identified. There are some significant scattering sources on the body of tilt-rotor aircraft that are distributed in a planar or point-like manner, and the importance of different scattering sources varies in different flight modes. The pre-studies on the key scattering areas can provide effective help for the stealth design of the target.

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Du, Shaoyan, Jun Hong, Yu Wang, Tian Qiu, Kaichu Xing, and Jianjun Huang. "Analysis of Using the Parabolic Antenna as the Passive Calibrator for P-Band Spaceborne SAR Radiometric Calibration." Remote Sensing 13, no. 21 (October 26, 2021): 4300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13214300.

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The P-band spaceborne SAR system faces the problem of a lack of available reference targets for radiometric calibration. Traditional artificial passive calibrators such as trihedral corner reflectors may be hard to be adopted to P-band SAR calibration because of weight, size, manufacture, and installation cost. The parabolic antenna is considered as a potential calibrator due to its stable scattering characteristics and large RCS. One of the criteria of the calibrator is that the beamwidth of the azimuth RCS pattern needs to be much larger than the SAR antenna beamwidth, which is convenient for alignment and obtaining a constant RCS value. It is generally believed that the parabolic antenna can only be used when it is fully aligned to the SAR sensor. However, the P-band spaceborne SAR system usually has a wide beamwidth because of the long wavelength. In contrast, the azimuth RCS pattern of the parabolic antenna has a narrow beamwidth, which will cause inconstant RCS of the calibrator within the synthetic aperture period, thereby introducing an additional calibration error. Due to the imbalance between the SAR antenna beamwidth and the RCS pattern beamwidth, the criterion of using the parabolic antenna as a calibrator may need further discussion. This article analyzes the influence of the RCS pattern of the parabolic antenna on the radiometric calibration and establishes the quantitative error model. Based on the error model, the error analysis is carried out for the two cases of alignment and misalignment. The theoretical analysis shows that the calibration accuracy will decrease if without additional error compensation despite a fully aligned parabolic antenna. Under the case of misalignment, the parabolic antenna can also be used for calibration, even when introducing smaller errors. To verify this conclusion, the RCS pattern of a parabolic antenna is used for the P-band imaging simulation and calibration simulation. The results show that the narrow RCS pattern will introduce a non-negligible error in the calibration when fully aligned. The parabolic antenna can also assist in calibration in the case of misalignment. In addition, the calibration experiment shows that, after compensation with the error model, calibration accuracy has been effectively improved.

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Trost, Philipp, Georg Karting, and Michael Eder. "Simulation study of RCS/R-systems with several robots serving one picking station." FME Transactions 51, no. 2 (2023): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2302201t.

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Robot-based compact storage and retrieval systems (RCS/RS) are fully automatic storage systems operated by robots from above. Therein, goods are stored in plastic bins stacked on each other, resulting in a 'Last-In-First-Out' storage strategy within each stack. This ensures very high degrees of space utilization. If containers located further down the stack are required, the robots relocate those stored above the required one. RCS/R-systems can typically be found in e-commerce, the pharmaceutical industry, and food or spare parts trade. Besides the system parameters, many other factors, such as the number of robots or the grid size, influence the system's behavior. This paper focuses on the system's throughput and the optimum number of operating robots. A discrete event simulation (DES) in the SIMIO simulation program gained insights into design variants and operating modes.

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Zhang, Jiakai, Jiachen Xu, Yan Qu, Jun Ding, and Chenjiang Guo. "A microstrip antenna with reduced in-band and out-of-band radar cross-section." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 11, no. 2 (November 13, 2018): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078718001447.

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This paper proposes a microstrip antenna with reduced in-band and out-of-band radar cross-section (RCS) by subtracting the area of weak scattered current on the ground plane. Fourteen square slots were subtracted from the ground plane, reducing in-band and out-of-band RCS while maintaining radiation performance. Modified and reference antenna surface current distributions were simulated and analyzed in radiating and scattering modes. Two antenna prototypes were fabricated and measured to verify the simulation. The proposed antenna RCS was reduced compared with the reference antenna in the frequency range 1–4.4 GHz, including in-band and out-of-band frequency bands. Maximum in-band and out-of-band RCS reduction was 16.3 dBsm at the working frequency, and 19.3 dBsm at 3.4 GHz, respectively

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Jung, Hoeryong, Doo Yong Lee, and Woojin Ahn. "Real-time deformation of colon and endoscope for colonoscopy simulation." International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery 8, no. 3 (February 1, 2012): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcs.1414.

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Journal articles on the topic 'RCS simulation'

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