Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rayson'
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Bonjour, Philippe. "Criteres de choix des scanners a rayons x." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX20852.
Full textCarrot, Laurent. "Rayon [rhô]-numérique." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10190.
Full textHerzog, Charlotte. "imagerie plénoptique : de la lumière visible aux rayons X." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0116.
Full textPlenoptic imaging is a technique that acquires spatial and angular information of the light rays incoming from a scene. After a single acquisition, numerical data treatment allows image manipulation such as synthetic aperture, changing viewpoint, refocusing at different depths, and consequently 3D reconstruction of the scene. Visible plenoptic has been widely studied. However, transposition from visible to X-rays has never been done and remains challenging. X-ray plenoptic would be beneficial to the X-ray imaging panorama. A single acquisition should be sufficient to reconstruct a volume, against 1000’s for X-ray tomography that is the today reference in 3D X-ray imaging.In this thesis, we consider plenoptic camera composed of a main lens, a microlens array and a detector. So far, two different configurations have been developed: the traditional and the focused plenoptic setups. Although these configurations are usually studied separately, they only differ by the distances between the optical elements. These two configurations were studied in detail to choose the most suitable for X-ray imaging, considering the constraints of X-ray optics. We observed a full continuity between the two systems. Therefore, we extended the previous work to more general formulas about optical configuration and theoretical resolutions. Theory about resolution along the depth axis was refined, as depth reconstruction and extraction are the main interest of X-ray plenoptic. Specific study was done on the evolution of contrast along depth as being a key parameter for depth reconstruction. We realized that contrast decreases when moving away from a privileged depth. This is important to consider as it can affect image reconstruction and quality of depth extraction.We also worked on refocusing algorithms. The refocusing algorithms are usually developed for each configuration separately. We worked to go beyond this separation. We developed a new algorithm valid for any configurations. Moreover, our algorithm is based on real distances between the optical elements, allowing generating images at any distances from the plenoptic camera. We defined a new parameterization between object and image spaces. Using geometrical optics, we calculated the matrix transformation between the two spaces. This allows back-projecting data from the acquired raw image to the object space, and reconstructing the pixels one by one, until the whole object. With this algorithm, we were able to simulate the process of image acquisition, and create synthetic plenoptic data. Reconstruction of these data was used to quantify the accuracy of the novel algorithm and prove its consistency.The refocusing algorithm allows reconstructing the depth planes one by one. Each refocused plane contains information about the whole 3D scene that has to be disentangled. The elements physically present at the refocused depth are intrinsically sharp, whereas the ones located at other depths are blurred. We used this contrast property to extract depth from the refocused images. We tested several existing methods derived from the field of depth from focus and studied their efficiency when applied to our images.In collaboration with European teams, we realized the first X-ray plenoptic camera that was tested at P05 beamline of PETRA III synchrotron. Based on the theoretical work developed in this thesis, we defined the best optical configuration, mounted the plenoptic camera, acquired X-ray plenoptic images, numerically refocused them using the new algorithm and verified the experimental resolutions and contrasts. Depth from focus techniques applied on the refocused stack allow to retrieve the expected depth plane. These are the first images acquired with an X-ray plenoptic camera
Arguin, Hans. "Étude d'une antenne circulaire de rayon arbitraire /." Montréal : Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Montréal ; Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2003. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/18046060R.pdf.
Full textEn tête du titre: Université du Québec à Montréal. "Mémoire présenté comme exigence partielle de la maîtrise en physique offerte par extension à l'Université du Québec à Montréal en vertu d'un protocole d'entente avec l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières." Bibliogr.: f. 70-71.
Freychet, Guillaume. "Analyses morphologiques et dimensionnelles de nanostructures organisées par diffusion centrale des rayons X." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY076/document.
Full textThe semiconductor industry now faces significant challenges in terms of characterization. Indeed, the size and inter-object distances reduction pushed the techniques previously used, such as microscopy (SEM) and ellipsometry (OCD) to their limitations. So in order to cope with demand of the industry (a precise control of the uniformity and defects) some needs in terms of metrology appeared.In this context, X-ray techniques were evaluated. Therefore, X-ray scattering at small angle (SAXS), using incident angles comprise between 0.1 and 10° to detect 1-100 nm objects, was studied. This technique consists on sending X-ray on a sample and to collect thanks to a 2D detector the photon going through the sample (study in transmission). This technique will detect the electronic density contrast in the sample and is nondestructive. Moreover, the statistical information over a large area (several mm2) obtained from SAXS is complementary with the local and direct information obtained from microscopies. A second technique called GISAXS (Grazing-incidence SAXS) was also tested. The X-ray beam is no more transmitted through the sample but reflected on the substrate. GISAXS is more adapted for the study of thin films and nano-objects deposited on substrate. The aim of this thesis was the implementation of SAXS and GISAXS techniques on the nanocharacterization platform of the CEA-LETI and the demonstration of the ability of such techniques to control the dimension and morphologies of samples coming from the micro-electronics industry. This thesis was divided in two parts.The first one deals with critical-dimension SAXS. The control of profiles and size of 3D arrays, such as line gratings or multilayer samples, were performed on samples related to lithographic applications. We showed the capability of CD-SAXS to extract the period, the line width and the line profile (height and sidewall angle) with a sub-nanometer resolution of line gratings. Therefore, line roughness was also studied, showing promising results on periodic roughness with sub-nanometer amplitudes. Results around CD-SAXS led to new possibilities such as the multi-scale approaches, with several techniques to control in the same time the local structure, with microscopes, and the statistical structures with CD-SAXS.Secondly, GISAXS studies were performed on block copolymer films used as masks for lithography. First, the conventional system PS-b-PMMA was studied at high energy and more precisely, the removal of the PMMA bloc only. Then measurements at the carbon were also carried out to demonstrate the ability of X-rays to differentiate between two materials with quasi-similar chemical compositions. Therefore, new copolymer systems, called "high chi" (with higher repulsion between block) were also studied. Such polymers lead to the reduction of the obtained patterns. Finally the contact hole shrink approach developed at CEA was also studied by GISAXS and compared with results obtained by CD-SAXS
Birrento, Ana Clara. "About Raymond Williams." Bachelor's thesis, Routledge, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/28797.
Full textMaquinghen, Anne-Pascale. "Modélisation géométrique et cinématique 3D du rachis scoliotique pour la réalisation d'un outil d'aide au medecin." Valenciennes, 1991. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/ef98d2a0-b271-4070-b83c-e130440c9fe6.
Full textTHIRION, JEAN-PHILIPPE. "Utilisation de la coherence des rayons lumineux pour le lancer de rayons." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112210.
Full textBassi, Tiziana. "Accrétion et éjection dans les systèmes binaires X transitoires à trous noirs : le cas de GRS 1716-249." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30019.
Full textBlack hole transients (BHTs) are among the brightest X-ray sources in the Galaxy. Thanks to their high X-ray flux and short variability time scales they offer a unique opportunity to study the physics of the accretion under extraordinary physical conditions. These sources show episodic outbursts characterised by different X/gamma-ray luminosities, spectral shapes and timing properties. The aim of this thesis is the understanding of the geometry, mechanisms and physical processes playing a role in the bright black hole X-ray transient GRS 1716-249. I present the spectral and timing analysis of X-ray observations performed with the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory on GRS 1716-249 during the 2016-2017 outburst. These data gave me the opportunity to study the evolution of physical parameters and geometry variation of the accreting matter through the spectral transitions during the whole outburst. I found that the accretion disc could have reached the inner stable circular orbit during the hard intermediate state, coherently with the truncated accretion disc scenario in which the disc moves closer to the compact object. Then, the radio monitoring performed during the outburst let me locate the source on the ever more populated radio-quiet branch on the radio/X-ray luminosity plane. Thereafter, focusing on the soft gamma-ray emission of the source, I observed a high energy excess, above 200 keV, in addition to the thermal Comptonisation spectrum. This component could be originate either through inverse Compton of the soft photons by non-thermal electrons in the corona, or from synchrotron emission of energetic electrons in the jet. First, I fitted the broad band X/gamma-ray spectrum of GRS 1716-249 with hybrid Comptonisation thermal/non-thermal models: eqpair and belm. Using belm I obtained an upper limit on the magnetic field intensity in the corona. Finally, I investigated the possible origin of this high energy excess as due to jet emission. To this aim, I computed the Spectral Energy Distribution of GRS 1716-249 with the multi-wavelength observations (from the radio band to gamma-rays) performed. I modelled the accretion flow with an irradiated disc plus Comptonisation model and the jet emission with the internal shock emission model (ishem). This model assumes that the jet velocity fluctuations are directly driven by the variability of X-ray timing proprieties of the accretion flow. Even though ishem reproduces the radio and soft gamma-ray data of GRS 1716-249, the results seems to disfavour the jet scenario for the excess above 200 keV, in favour of non-thermal Comptonisation process
Balducci, Lodovico. "Dynamics of hemeproteins by femtosecond X-ray techniques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S115.
Full textRecently, the development of time resolved X-ray techniques has added the time dimension to structural biology studies, and have proven to be great tools to track proteins during the course of a reaction, or a specific conformational change. In particular the 4th generation X-ray sources (so called X-ray Free-Electron Lasers), with femtosecond pulses and extremely high fluences, are capable of probing ensembles of molecules essentially frozen in time under physiological conditions. After an overview of the past studies in the field, a basic introduction of the used techniques, the description of the experimental set-up and the flow of data reduction are presented. The last two chapters are devoted to present the results obtained during two separate sets of experiments, conducted at the XPP beamline of the Linac Coherent Light Source (SLAC, Menlo Park, CA, USA), to study the protein's structural changes, upon prototypical photo-dissociation reaction of carbon monoxide from heme proteins. During the first experiment, the global structural modification of three heme proteins has been probed by means of time resolved scattering technique, in order to observe eventual differences in the so called “protein-quake” depending on the protein's structure. In the second experiment, the active site of myoglobin was probed, during the same reaction, by X-ray absorption. The time resolved XANES spectra have been compared with theoretical calculations, in the framework of the multiple scattering theory, in order to retrieve a detailed picture of the ultra-fast dynamics. A further small side-project dealt with the precise measurement of static scattering patterns of carboxy hemoglobin with the goal of defining its multiple equilibrium structures by comparison with linear combinations of known crystallographic structures. In conclusion, in this Ph.D. thesis we tried to add some small pieces in the understanding of ultra-fast proteins dynamics by applying both standard (Guinier) and almost unexplored (multiple scattering calculations on time resolved data) analysis methods: depending on the system and the level of details required, these methodologies, here applied on model systems, can be considered excellent tools for further research on more complicated proteins
Modh, Haresh A. "Chemical treatment and adhesion in internally reinforced rayon fibers." Ohio : Ohio University, 1988. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1182867766.
Full textAubert, Pierre. "Calcul haute performance pour la détection de rayon Gamma." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV058/document.
Full textThe new generation research experiments will introduce huge data surge to a continuously increasing data production by current experiments. This increasing data rate causes upheavals at many levels, such as data storage, analysis, diffusion and conservation.The CTA project will become the utmost observatory of gamma astronomy on the ground from 2021. It will generate hundreds Peta-Bytes of data by 2030 and will have to be stored, compressed and analyzed each year.This work address the problems of data analysis optimization using high performance computing techniques via an efficient data format generator, very low level programming to optimize the CPU pipeline and vectorization of existing algorithms, introduces a fast compression algorithm for integers and finally exposes a new analysis algorithm based on efficient pictures comparison
Bolle, Bernard. "Etude par diffraction des rayons X de la formation d'une couche de laiton par dépôt d'une couche de cuivre et de zinc et diffusion." Metz, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1994/Bolle.Bernard.SMZ9463.pdf.
Full textIn this study are presented X ray difftaction methods for thin film analysis. Thin brass coating deposited on steel cord are obtained by a sequential deposition of copper and zinc followed by diffusion, leading to an heterogeneous brass. Quantitative analysis is extended to heterogeneous materials. We show the importance of the layer heterogeneity in the calculation of phases quantities. The Houska's method allowing to know the profile of concentration by using X ray line profile analysis is improved. We formulate a new approach of resolution giving directly the solution without the use of trial and error technics. This new formalism is applied to study the phase transformation [beta]'-[alpha]and the homogenisation of the alpha phase which occur during the diffusion in brass. Profiles of concentration determined by this method agree with those given by STIMS or GDL. A new method(ro-ryis) developed to measure residual stresses either in thin films or in bulk materials. Stresses observed in the brass layer appear when the steel is quenched after the thermodiffusion. This study showst hat XRD connected with XRF allows to know rapidly with accuracy the main diffusion parameters as concentration phases composition, stresses and their evolution during the diffusion process used in steel cord making
Raymond-Jean-Baptiste, Philippe. "Méthode de correction des erreurs de mesure appliquée à un système FASTRAK 3SPACE." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2009. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/76/1/RAYMOND%2DJEAN%2DBAPTISTE__Philippe.pdf.
Full textStokke, Raymond Andreas. "An investigation of culture and creativity on negotiation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/50660/29/Raymond%20Stokke%20Thesis_FinalEdit.pdf.
Full textStokke, Raymond Andreas. "The management of innovation: An investigation of public business advisory services." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/97878/28/Raymond%20Andreas_Stokke_Thesis-final.pdf.
Full textCherqui, Marie-Claude. "Raymond Queneau, écrivain de cinéma." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030005.
Full textRaymond Queneau, who was born in 1903, grew up and lived at the pace of cinematograph that was hardly older than him. Througout his life, in his journals and letters, he reported his life as a regular movie-watcher. He filled his writings, his poetry and his novels with the blossoming universe of movie theatres, movie stars and masterpeices. In his work appears a dreamed and thougt out world, made of his shadows and his lights. Fed with cinema, he also fed it. Aside from his work as a poet in literature, he also, all along his life and without losing his legendary sense of humour, worked as a cinema writer. In this sometimes ungrateful job, he occupied many different positions : film critic, juryman in festival, writer of comments on movies, script writer, dialogue writer, songwriter, etc... He even occasionally became a filmmaker or an actor. To report chronologically of the totality of his work, to approach the treatment of the cinematographic art in his literary work, is what we suggest in this study : looking for Raymond Queneau writer of the twentieth century and “homo-cinematographicus”
Kato, Mikiko. "Raymond Queneau et les mythologies." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00915900.
Full textYoss, Michael. "Raymond Mortimer, a Bloomsbury voice." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670244.
Full textSanguineti, Raymond Wilfredo. "Entrevista a Wilfredo Sanguineti Raymond." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2011. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/109278.
Full textMAMAKOUKA, KOUKOUVINOU ELISABETH. "Raymond queneau et la grece." Paris 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA030139.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to find and evaluate in the works of raymond queneau those elements that prove the close relationship between the author and the greek culture. The first part (greece through the books) deals with queneau's studies, at the le havre high school (including his readings of greek books, his early works that show his interest in greece, etc. ), then in paris (philosophy and mathematics). In order to complete the author's portrait before his visit to greece, his "surrealist adventure" is also examined. The second part (greece of the modern era) reconstructs queneau's two visits in greece (1932,1952), underlining the significance of the first one, during which -under the influence of greek bilinguilism- the author wrote his first novel (le chiendent). Articles, introductions, etc. That show queneau's "philhellenism" are also presented in this part. Each one of the five chapters of the third part (greece in queneau's works) examines queneau's texts from a different point of view : the first one deals with the influence of the greek language (epigrams, neologisms, names, etc. ), the second one, with legends of greek origin encountered in queneau's works, the third, with the impact of the homeric epics (considered as structural and stylistic models), the fourth, with the influence of greek philosophy -especially plato's thought- upon queneau. Finally, the last chapter examines the reception of the "greek miracle" notion by the author. The thesis concludes that, despite their "modern" aspect, queneau's texts reveal the writer's tendancy towards classical values, as well as his profound knowledge of the greek heritage that constitutes a solid foundation of his literary creation
Dessarce, Rémi. "Calculs par lancer des rayons." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10161.
Full textL’emploi des méthodes asymptotiques nous permet d'obtenir une formulation moderne de l'optique géométrique qui constitue le fondement théorique de toutes les méthodes de rayons
La mise en œuvre d'une méthode de lancer de rayons en électromagnétisme passe par la maitrise d'une modélisation géométrique sophistiquée. Il nous faudra, en effet, satisfaire à des contraintes de précision importantes dues à l'instabilité des trajectoires mais aussi parvenir à effectuer un suivi d'informations d'ordre 2 (courbures) le long du trajet de chaque rayon. C’est pourquoi nous travaillerons sur une modélisation de l'objet 3D à base de surfaces polynomiales ou rationnelles
Nous présentons deux méthodes d'intersection rayon/surface de Bézier. La première, introduite par l. Biard est basée sur l'implicitisation de la surface. Nous présentons ses limitations en termes de coûts et de stabilité et nous proposons une alternative à l'aide d'une méthode de subdivision d'un système algébrique étendue au cas des surfaces de Bézier rationnelles
Pour les surfaces de révolution, nous avons traite le problème grâce a une formulation semi-implicite permettant de ramener le problème de l'intersection rayon/surface de révolution a la recherche des racines positives d'un polynôme univarié
Au total, nous présentons un code autonome complet permettant le calcul de la S. E. R. D'une géométrie 3D. D’autre part, les nouvelles méthodes d'intersection rayon/objet ont été intégrées au sein d'un logiciel de calcul d'images de synthèse
Gialis, Denis. "Sursauts Gamma et rayons cosmiques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10138.
Full textGamma-ray bursts (GRB) are known as one of the most energetic phenomena in the universe. They constitute a strong support in studying cosmic ray acceleration via Fermi process. The Fermi acceleration, in the internal shock model, is usually considered with an assumption of Bohm scaling but this leads to unrealistic conclusions in contradiction with observations and the standard model. Another hypothesis is so studied with a Kolmogorov scaling : the induced acceleration process is convenient but this is unable to generate Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR). A relativistic Fermi process is so proposed and this confirms, by numerical and analytical arguments, that GRB can generate UHECRs. All the consequences are analysed
Fedala, Y. "Étude d'une cavité Fabry Pérot haute finesse à quatre miroirs pour des applications de production de rayons X et gamma par interaction Compton laser-électrons." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343028.
Full textPour augmenter la luminosité de l'interaction Compton aux points de collisions, il est essentiel d'avoir non seulement un faisceau laser de très grande puissance mais il faut aussi que le faisceau soit très focalisé au point d'interaction. Pour atteindre de telles performances, deux cas de figures se présentent : une cavité concentrique mécaniquement instable ou une cavité à quatre miroirs plus complexe mais plus stable. Nous avons testé numériquement la stabilité mécanique et la stabilité de polarisation des modes propres de la configuration non planaire de différentes géométries de cavités à quatre miroirs. Expérimentalement, nous avons développé une cavité à quatre miroirs tétraédrique, des rayons de l'ordre de 20 micromètres ont été obtenus. Les modes propres de cette cavité, dans ses deux géométries planaire et non planaire, ont été mesurés et comparés aux résultats calculés numériquement. Un bon accord a été observé.
Dans un deuxième temps, l'impact de l'interaction Compton sur la dynamique transverse, dans le cas de la source de positrons polarisés, et sur la dynamique longitudinale, dans le cas de l'anneau médical, du faisceau d'électron a été étudié. La diffusion Compton provoque une perte d'énergie et induit une dispersion d'énergie additionnelle du faisceau d'électrons. Dans le cas de la source de positrons polarisés, dix points de collisions sont prévus. La ligne de focalisation a été déterminée et une modélisation de l'effet de l'interaction Compton sur le transport du faisceau, avec un calcul matriciel simple, a été faite. Dans le cas de l'anneau médical, l'interaction Compton provoque l'allongement du paquet d'électrons, qui à son tour influence le flux de rayons-X produit. Une étude de la dynamique longitudinale du faisceau d'électrons dans l'anneau a été présentée. Les paramètres de l'anneau qui permettent d'optimiser la luminosité de l'interaction Compton ont été discutés. Le flux de rayons-X qui peut être atteint avec ces paramètres est de l'ordre de 1E13 photons/s.
Maurin, Gilles Christian Georges. "Etude de la nature des rayons cosmiques d' ultra haute énergie à partir des premières données de l' Observatoire Pierre Auger." Paris 7, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011023.
Full textClerc, Nicolas. "Analyse cosmologique des relevés d'amas de galaxies en rayon x." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077009.
Full textClusters of galaxies are the most massive objects in equilibrium in our Universe. Their study allows to test cosmological scenarios of structure formation with precision, bringing constraints complementary to those stemming from the cosmological background radiation, supernovae or galaxies. They are identified through the X-ray emission of their heated gas, thus facilitating their mapping at different epochs of the Universe, This report presents two surveys of galaxy clusters detected in X-rays and puts forward a method for their cosmological interpretation. Thanks to its multi-wavelength coverage extending over 30 sq. Deg, and after one decade of expertise, the XMM-LSS allows a systematic census of clusters in a large volume of the Universe, In the framework of this survey, the first part of this report describes the techniques developed to the purpose of characterizing the detected objects. A particular emphasis is placed on the most distant ones (z>l) through the complementarity of observations in X-ray, optical and infrared bands. Then the X-CLASS survey is fully described. Based on XMM archival data, it provides a new catalogue of 800 clusters detected in X-rays. A cosmological analysis of this survey is performed thanks to "CR-HR" diagrams, This new method self-consistently includes selection effects and scaling relations and provides a means to bypass the computation of individual cluster masses. Propositions are made for applying this method to future surveys as XMM-XXL and eRosita
Mancini, Stéphane. "Architectures matérielles pour la synthèse d'image par lancer de rayon." Paris, ENST, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENST0023.
Full textRATEAU, ANNE-SANDRA. "Traitement chirurgical des luxations inveterees statiques metatarsophalangiennes du deuxieme rayon." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX20356.
Full textMancini, Stéphane. "Architectures matérielles pour la synthèse d'image par lancer de rayon /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37220521f.
Full textGuberman, Daniel Alberto. "MAGIC observations with bright Moon and their application to measuring the VHE gamma-ray spectral cut-off of the PeVatron candidate Cassiopeia A." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664122.
Full textCosmic rays are atomic nuclei that are constantly bombarding the Earth. It is widely accepted that these nuclei with energies up to ~3 PeV are of Galactic origin. But the question about where in the Galaxy and how they are accelerated still remains unanswered. For several years the most popular hypothesis has been that they are accelerated in supernova remnants. In this thesis I present the details of a deep observation campaign on the young supernova remnant Cassiopeia A, one of the most promising candidates to be a PeVatron, a system capable of accelerating cosmic rays up to PeV energies. The observations were performed with the MAGIC telescopes, that observe very high energy (VHE, E > 50 GeV) gamma rays, between December 2014 and October 2016, acquiring 191 hours of good-quality data. Accumulating a large amount of observation hours was indispensable to obtain a precise measurement of the spectrum and it was possible thanks to the possibility of extending the MAGIC duty cycle by operating the telescopes under bright moonlight. I worked in the optimization of moonlight observations with MAGIC, both during the operation of the telescopes and at the data analysis stage. I discuss the details of these developments and the resulting performance. With more than 70% of the data obtained under moonlight, I was able to obtain the most precise spectrum of Cassiopeia A to date at VHE. The obtained spectrum shows for the rst time 4:9 evidence of a cut-o at E = 3,5 (+1,6\—1,0) stat (+0,8\−0,9) sys TeV. The modelling of the spectrum suggests that the bulk of the gamma-rays emitted can be attributed to a population of high-energy protons with spectral index ~2.2 and energy cuto at ~10 TeV. This implies that, assuming there is no signicant cosmic-ray diusion, Cassiopeia A cannot be a PeVatron at its present age.
Bencze-Rovez, Ludovic. "Le Ludique et l'absurde dans la littérature du XXè siècle : Raymond Devos et Raymond Queneau." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0569.
Full textThe absurd along with that of the “ludic” can no longer be confirmed to the domain of literary prose, but are in fact essential elements to twentieth-century intellectual thought at large. The literary fundamentals are based on the observation of the capacity of the absurd and the “ludic” to adapt to inherent constraints of the novelistic, theatrical and poetic. Our first section argue for a re-evaluation of that message focusing on specific writers that critics thus far have failed to appreciate as part of a distinctive “ludico-absurd” form. The second section focus on this emerging capacity based on studies of the work of R. Devos and R. Queneau, whose “ludico-absurd” rhetoric holds in common a surrealism. It remains popular as audiences are ever sensitive to the message of the “ludico-absurd”, while the latters having integrated it intellectually. The third section focus on the socio-cultural dimensions of the literature, concentrating on the position of the artist as well as that of the beholder. Ultimately, this paper look at the way in which the philosophy of the Absurd continue to elaborate and indeed herald a new relationship between the individual and the contemporary world
Serrano, Paul. "Caliste-MM : a new spectro-polarimeter for soft X-ray astrophysics." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS594/document.
Full textPerforming X-ray polarimetry of astrophysical sources could provide precious insight into the properties of the emitting objects, for example the geometry of pulsars accretion disks, magnetic field inside the core of supernovae remnants or measurement of black holes spin. These fundamental observations are today impossible due to the missing performance of X-ray polarimeters. The use of the photo-electric effect to perform spectro-polarimetry in the energy band of 1 keV to 15 keV appears to be like a much better approach than the use of Bragg diffraction or Thomson scattering. Performing polarimetry with the photo-electric effect relies on the measurement of the ejection direction of the photo-electron, which is modulated by the polarization direction of the incoming light. In order to reconstruct the photo-electron track, a detector allowing the photo electrons to recoil far enough is needed. Gaseous detectors are naturally perfect candidates. This PhD thesis focusses on the development and the characterization of a soft X-ray spectro- polarimeter of a completely new design : Caliste-MM. It consists of a gaseous detector called piggyback Micromegas associated with a miniature 3D readout electronics baptized Caliste. The main innovation of this detector comes from the fact that its readout electronics is located outside the gaseous medium. The charges created inside the piggyback diffuse in a resistive layer spread on a solid ceramic plate that closes the detector. The Caliste records the signal of the charges in the resistive layer through the ceramic and a small air layer by capacitive induction. The detector is composed of two completely independent parts : the piggyback where the X-ray conversion and amplification takes place, and the Caliste for the recording of the signal. These two parts can then be developed independently. Moreover the electronics are protected from sparks thanks to the resistive layer of the piggyback.The detailed characteristics of the detector are studied such as the shape of the events, the gain and the energy resolution. Analytical models are compared to the obtained results in order to explain the physical phenomena responsible for the topology of the recorded events. Different strategies to improve the reconstruction of the photo-electrons are explored including for example finer pitched readout electronics, low pressure and the use of lighter gases such as Neon or Helium. Finally, thanks to the measurements performed on the 100% linearly polarized beam of the Mtrologie line of the SOLEIL synchrotron facility, the modulation factor of the detector has been measured at different energies ranging from 6 keV to 12 keV. A measurement of the modulation factor of 92% at 8 keV proves the high potential of this new spectro-polarimeter and the interest into its innovative design
Tsirou, Michelle. "Study of Pulsar Wind Nebulae in Very-High-Energy gamma-rays with H.E.S.S." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS096.
Full textPulsar wind nebulae consist of magnetised clouds of positrons and electrons accelerated to very high energies through the action of a central pulsar, often embedded within a host supernova remnant. They are the largest population of firmly identified sources of TeV gamma-rays within the Galaxy and are thought to be contributors to the leptonic Galactic cosmic-ray spectrum,and thus viable source candidates in the quest to interpret the origin of the cosmic-ray positron fraction excess. Their very-high-energy gamma-ray emission is of particular interest for spectral models, as their dominant radiation process is inverse Compton scattering on target photons present in interstellar radiation fields such as the visible, near and far infrared ambient photons in addition to the Cosmic Microwave Background.In this thesis dissertation I present the scope of my research work, which lies on pulsar wind nebula morphology and understanding their very-high-energy radiation.I report the latest morphological and spectral studies of the pulsar wind nebula within the MSH 15-52 composite supernova remnant through High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) observations.In this phenomenological study I have conducted a fit of the very-high-energy emission morphology beyond ~ 0.3 TeV detected in HESS-I data using a template X-ray synchrotron map in the 4–7 keV band based on archival Chandra observations. In the model of the emission, the gamma-ray emission produced by inverse Compton scattering is thought to ensue from the same leptonic population responsible for the observed synchrotron emission, and thus the X-ray template represents the spatial distribution of these electrons and positrons, convolved with the spatial dependence of the magnetic field. Our best-fit results yield an additional extended TeV component located on the south-eastern region of the nebula, centered at ∼4 pc from the position of the associated pulsar PSR B1509-58, with an intrinsic radius of ∼7′(or 9 pc). We also detect a significant steepening in the spectral shape of the total emission from the pulsar wind nebula, occurring above∼10 TeV. This coincides with a shrinking of the emission observed in the sky map, as revealed by our energy-dependent morphological analyses. Several scenarii are presented so as to explain our morphological and spectral results concerning the emission originating from MSH 15-52. Based on the Galactic radiation field characteristics derived from published models, the gamma-ray emission is well described by leptons scattering on the far infrared and cosmic microwave backgrounds, respectively at lower and higher energies than the detected spectral steepening energy, which suggests an interpretation of the energy dependence as a consequence of Klein-Nishina effects in the cross-section.During the last year of my thesis I have worked with collaborators on a study of drivers behind the observed significant offsets of TeV-emitting pulsar wind nebulae with respect to their pulsar. We performed relativistic (magneto)-hydrodynamical numerical simulations and tested physical setups in one-dimensional studies and are pursuing an ongoing two-dimensional investigation to quantify the effect of the pulsar proper motion in comparison to ambient medium density gradients so as to derive constrains on these physical factors leading to asymmetrical evolution in pulsar wind nebulae
Qi, Liqiang. "Measurements of Prompt Gamma Rays Emitted in Fission of ²³⁸U and ²³⁹ Pu Induced by Fast Neutrons from the LICORNE Neutron Source." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS320/document.
Full textPrompt fission γ-ray spectra are important nuclear data for reactor physics, as an input for gamma heating calculations, since the gamma heating effect can be under-estimated by up to ~28% with present nuclear data. Furthermore the new prompt fission γ-ray information will be useful from a fundamental physics point of view, where results can be compared with many competing theoretical predictions to refine models of fission process. Prompt fission γ-ray spectra have been measured for the fast-neutron-induced fission of ²³⁸U and ²³⁹PuPu, using fast neutrons generated from the LICORNE source. The experimental setup consisted of an ionization chamber and different types of scintillation detectors, including LaBr₃ and PARIS phoswich detectors. An analysis procedure, including unfolding and recovering the γ-ray response in the scintillation detectors, is developed to extract the prompt fission γ-ray spectrum and corresponding spectral characteristics. The experimental results are compared to the fission modeling codes GEF and FREYA. This comparison reveals that the spectral characteristics are related to the energetic conditions, isotopic yields and angular momentum of the fission fragments. The energy dependence of the spectral characteristics shows that the prompt γ-rays emission is quite insensitive to the incident neutron energy. However, a strong dependence on the particular fissioning system is observed
Lesaque, Serge. "Arthrodèse métatarso-phalangienne du premier rayon : à propos de 81 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2M080.
Full textDUBOIS, JEAN-LUC. "Methodes stochastiques appliquees a la synthese d'image par lancer de rayon." Rennes 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REN10100.
Full textKohler, Jennifer. "Performance Characteristics of Rayon from Bamboo in Bed Sheets Through Laundering." DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1408.
Full textParizot, Etienne. "Rayons cosmiques et rayonnement du cosmos." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011476.
Full textDevillers, Olivier. "Méthodes d'optimisation du tracé de rayons." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00772857.
Full textDias, Junior Antonio Carlos 1977. "A sociologia política de Raymond Aron." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280481.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: A tese trata da obra do filósofo e sociólogo francês Raymond Aron (1905-1983), de seu percurso intelectual e, especificamente, da sociologia política presente no conjunto de sua produção intelectual, com especial ênfase em suas obras acadêmicas e cursos proferidos em diversas instituições de ensino, como a Sorbonne e o Collège de France. Filósofo de formação, mas sociólogo, professor e jornalista por ofício, Aron produziu extensa obra sobre diversos temas: da filosofia à sociologia, passando pela economia, história, guerra, política francesa, marxismo, relações internacionais e história das ideias, dentre outros assuntos. A percepção política presente na sociologia aroniana é discutida em quatro momentos: formação filosófica; publicação da trilogia sobre a sociedade industrial e de As etapas do pensamento sociológico; crítica a K. Marx e ao regime soviético; e crítica dos mitos da esquerda e dos marxismos imaginários. O trabalho oferece ainda uma análise biobibliográfica de Raymond Aron, além de um levantamento completo dos trabalhos (livros e teses acadêmicas) a seu respeito
Abstract: The thesis treats about the work of french philosopher and sociologist Raymond Aron (1905-1983), of his intellectual course and, specifically, about political sociology present in the whole of his intellectual production, with special emphasis in his academical works and university studies pronounced in several institutions of teaching, like Sorbonne and Collège de France. Graduated philosopher, but sociologist, master and journalist by charge, Aron produced a vast work about several themes: from philosophy to sociology, through the economy, history, war, french politics, marxism, diplomacy and history of ideas, among other matters. The political perception present in aronian sociology is debated in four moments: philosophical development, publication of trilogy about the industrial society and Main Currents in Sociological Thought; critique to K. Marx and the soviet regime; and critique of the left myths and imaginary marxisms. The work offers yet a biobliographical analysis of Raymond Aron, yonder a complete survey of works (books and academical thesis) to concern him
Doutorado
Sociologia
Doutor em Sociologia
Rivetti, Ugo Urbano Casares. "Crítica e modernidade em Raymond Williams." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-27012016-123033/.
Full textThis dissertation aims to analyze Raymond Williams work from the point of view of the critique of modernity undertaken by him in a specific period of his trajectory: from Culture and Society (1958) to The Country and the City (1973). Therefore, we begin by reconstructing the forms assumed by this critique in the interpretative schemes of the two greatest formative influences in Williams thought, and which became the two greatest theoretical currents in the English intellectual scenario in the 20th century: literary criticism and Marxism. Hence, we plan to offer an alternative interpretation of his oeuvre, reconsidering the importance of each of his main texts, the continuities and ruptures crossing it and, finally, the sense of the theoretical development covered by Williams in the period here considered, notably, focusing the impact that Marxism produced in the shaping of his theoretical project.
Chebel, d'Appollonia Ariane. "Morale et politique chez Raymond Aron." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993IEPP0027.
Full textThe relation between ethics and politics constitutes one of the major issues of Raymond Aron's thought. Its study permits to understand better the relations in his work between philosophy of history, theory of politics and sociology, and to perceive the nature and the scope of the commitment of the "spectateur engagé". After an analysis of the biography and auto-biography of R. Aron, a presentation of the work reveals the importance given to the classic antinomy between moral values and political values, and the attachment of R. Aron to the "politics of understanding". Influenced by Max Weber, R. Aron takes up the opposition between ethics of responsibility and ethics of conviction in his analysis of politics as well as in the elaboration of the politico-moral rules of the political commentator. But the revaluation of the personality of R. Aron, especially in its links to judaism, to the left-wing and to moralists, of his methodology and praxis shows that R. Aron has tried to overcome this classic antinomy with the help of the idea of reason. A regulator ideal of historical knowledge and of theorisation of politics, this idea of reason tends to become a moral ideal which founds an ethics. This ethics is the crowning achievement of his work and has influenced his stands
Niijima, Susumu. "Mesure et démesure chez Raymond Roussel." Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20019.
Full textThe decisive engine of Raymond Roussel's literary creativity is to hold in a small space "the outpouring of words" he experienced in his youth, in order to find again the universal glory which is itself excessively big. Unlike the limited means Roussel can use, the strength of the outpouring of words is excessive. Thus, with versification and his "procédé", he tries to do the impossible, ie to measure what is excessive. We will analyse Roussel's world through this obsessive antagonism between the measurable and the immeasurable. We will first look at physically enormous things in each of Roussel's works through a lexical approach. We will then analyse the breadth of the power of fascination held mainly by saints or religious leaders. Finally, the analysis of the hypertextual structure of Roussel's text and style will throw light on "the internal proliferation" resulting from Roussel's anxiety to fill an important number of words in just one sentence
Egert, Charles. "Raymond Queneau et le récit utopique." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070071.
Full textIn Queneau's stories the association in certain passages of the theme of voyage, of allusion and of comic situation forms a transition similar to those typically found in the narrative structure of utopian stories. By contrasting Benveniste's concepts of discourse and narrative story we clearly see a development in Queneau's conception of the novel, going from novelistic myth to science fiction, which in Queneau's utopian version contains mythical legends relating to social problems. The text however produces a nostalgic mirror through the use of cultural instruments. Utopian places in the novel depend on a parallel world so the reader's gaze only indirectly falls on the referent of History. Thanks to a discursive strategy built around the satiric presence of humor the passages of the story lend themselves to non linear readings. To scan the utopian story is like a cosmological exercise because the metaphors found here relate to the universal human condition
Liu, Yan Qing. "Raymond Aron et le problème allemand." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0050.
Full textBourdette, Donon Marcel. "Raymond Queneau, une stratégie de communication." Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE2005.
Full textVidal, Bruno. "Vers un lancer de rayons discret." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10014.
Full textBazantay, Pierre. "Archéologie d'un fait littéraire : Raymond Roussel." Rennes 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987REN20014.
Full textR. Roussel’s work is double. If it ever kept the critic's attention for its poetical qualities and the power of its imaginary, it was also used as a reference for the modern aesthetic movements from surrealism to the new novel. This is what conduces to putting it in the article of a literary feat and puts it in the middle of many contradictions. Are the reasons for this work questioning the critic in relationship with the aesthetic subjectivity of the author? The solution for this question fostered the archaeological research. How was this poetical work set up? What were its patterns? F. Coppee influence on the poems was important though Roussel tried himself at a novelist search until the poem "Une page du folklore breton" indicated a transcendence of the versified writing and started the opportunity of a prose narration built upon puns. Probing closely the four prose works from "Impressions d'Afrique" to "la Poussiere de soleils" all written by the means of what Roussel called "le procédé", the archaeology could make obvious that by many reasons the Roussellian aesthetic was inhereted from the 19th century and did not really forecast modernity. In the same way the very intricated topies of the being and machine echoing the strict games of the work games allowed to stress how Roussel's imaginary worked. With "Documents pour servir de canevas". The question of incompletion was set opening the archaeology on a series of stylistic problems. The other side of this study couldn't be unaware of the strategical size of the man of letters "metier" as Raymond Roussel imaginated it, of the three directions he gave it when becoming contributor to "Le Gaulois du dimanche", Lemerre publication and having his work play on the boulevard stages. Between this imaginary and this strategy, R. Roussel's work illustrated a certain idea of literature which is no more Hugo’s, not yet Breton’s but allows the understanding of the transition from the one to the other
Meslet, Laurent. "La philosophie biologique de Raymond Ruyer." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10074.
Full textThe author's intention was to put forward and analyse raymond ruyer's biological philosophy, so that it can be restored without losing the thread of a meditation spanning more than forty years and connected to major issues about the philosophy of nature in a privileged yet non exclusive way. Four problems are thus tackled and discussed in their philosophical and scientific preambles : the link between consciousness and organism (chap. 1 and 2) ; the nature of the development of the embryo (ch. 3) ; the place of finality in the evolution of species (ch. 4,5,6) ; the transition of molecules to organisms (ch. 7). Broadly speaking, the intention was to show that ruyer (1902-1987) had tried and succeeded in establishing a wide-spreading cosmological synthesis which can only be compared to bergson's philosophy as regard to its content and its range. Thus, by asserting the primacy of universal finality and the identity originating from life and psychism, ruyer's finalistic psychobiology renews leibniz's panpsychical monadism by inserting and arranging a large group of original concepts (absolute survey, mnemical potential, axiologic feed back, cosmological work, participation, continuity of beings) whose intuitive roots and comprehensive effectiveness eloquently give evidence to the philosopher's constant concern in considering both the immediate scheme of the consciousness and the theoretical formulation of science in his speculative structure. Therefore supported by the most relevant results of xxth century's science (physics, embryology, ethology, linguistics, psychology), but also careful to give credit to everything that for the "naive" consciousness, presents itself as genuine, ruyerian psycho-biology undertakes to overthrow all the theses of mecanistic materialism and atheistic humanism and it leads to a cosmo-theology within which man stops at once to identify his place in the universe with that of a definitely lost goddess or of some accidentally excited simian
Berton, Patrice. "Extase et écriture chez Raymond Roussel." paris 5 Necker, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05N045.
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