Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rayonnement cosmique – Modèles mathématiques'
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Rivière, Colas. "Des signaux radio aux rayons cosmiques." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10322.
Full textRadio detection of high energy cosmic rays is currently being reinvested, both on the experimental and theoretical sides. The question is to know whether radiodetection is a competitive technique compared or in addition to usual detection techniques; in order to increase statistics at the highest energies (around 10^20 eV , where particle astronomy should be possible) or to characterize precisely the cosmic rays at lower energies (some 10^18 eV). During this work, we tried to progress towards the answer, using radio emission models, experimental data analysis and preparing the next generation of detectors. On the theoretical side, geosynchrotron emission of the particles of the showers has been computed analytically using a simplified shower model as well as using the Monte Carlo simulation AIRES to have a realistic shower development. Various dependencies of the electric field have been extracted, among which a proportionality of the field with the -v*B vector under certain conditions. Experimentally, the analysis of CODALEMA data enabled to characterize more precisely the electric field produced by air showers, in particular the topology of the field at ground level, the energy dependency and the coherence with a -v*B proportionality. These results are summarized in an overall parametrization of the electric field. More data are probably required in order to give a definitive statement on the interest of the radiodetection technique. The CODALEMA parametrization has finally been used to extrapolate CODALEMA's results to a future larger array, extrapolation applied in particular to the AERA detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory
Chastenet, Jérémy. "Analysis of dust emission in nearby galaxies : implications of the modeling assumptions." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAE011/document.
Full textMy thesis focused on the implications of dust emission modelisation choices on its derived properties in nearby galaxies. A first approach showed that all models do not fit observations of two nearby galaxies adequately and similarly, although they all managed to fit the Milky Way infrared emission. It also highlighted that the dust composition is not the same between those two galaxies, and also with that of the Milky Way. The choice of the dust grains environment, through the incident radiation field, can significantly impact results like the total dust masses. A second project investigated the systematics errors due to the empirical laws used to describe the radiation field that heats the dust grains. I showed that some parameters can be over- or underestimated, while showing good fits to the observations. These results show that it is important to take into consideration the choices made for modelisation in order to accurately determine dust properties in nearby galaxies
Bernard, Guilhem. "Flux et anisotropie du rayonnement cosmique galactique : au-delà des modèles continus." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENY065/document.
Full textIn this thesis I study the consequence of non homogeneously distributed cosmic ray sources in the Milky way. The document starts with theoretical and experimental synthesis. Firstly, I will describe the interstellar medium to understand the mechanism of propagation and acceleration of cosmic rays. Then, the detailed study of cosmic rays diffusion on the galactic magnetic field allows to write a commonly used propagation equation. I will recall the Steady-state solutions of this equation, then I will focus on the time dependant solutions with point-like sources. A statistical study is performed in order to estimate the standard deviation of the flux around its mean value. The computation of this standard deviation leads to mathematical divergences. Thus, I will develop statistical tools to bypass this issue. So i will discuss the effect of the granularity of cosmic ray sources. Its impact on cosmic ray spectrum can explain some recent features observed by the experiments CREAM and PAMELA.Besides, this thesis is focused on the study of the anisotropy of cosmic rays. I will recap experimental methods of measurements, and I will show how to connect theoretical calculation from propagation theories to experimental measurements. Then, the influence of the local environment on the anisotropy measurements will be discussed, particularly the effect of a local diffusion coefficient. Then, I will compute anisotropy and its variance in a framework of point-like local sources with the tools developed in the first part. Finally, the possible influence of local sources on the anisotropy is discussed in the light of the last experimental results
Challane, Tlemsani Sofiane. "Le problème de l'horizon dans les modèles cosmologiques de Friedmann-Robertson-Walker." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20239.
Full textBerour, Nacer. "Modélisation du transfert de chaleur par rayonnement, conduction et convection : Application aux fours verriers." Nancy 1, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2005_0152_BEROUR.pdf.
Full textStudy of coupled heat transfer through radiation, conduction and convection has been carried out and detailed in this PhD memory. Non grey semitransparent media at high temperatures are studied. Acute description of involved physical phenomena leads us to develop several numerical methods for such materials. Radiative heat transfer equation (RTE), Navier-Stokes equations and energy balance are solved with the finite volume method (FVM). Analytical solutions cannot be considered for such problems owing to their complexity. Besides numerical treatment induces necessary approximation in order to rewrite characteristical equations describing the real problem. In the case of RTE modelling a new differencing scheme has been proposed, on the other side Navier-Stokes transport equations are solved with a modified QUICK scheme. Both techniques ensure efficient modelling. The achieved simulation codes have been used for glass melting process description. An enhanced model describes a float glass furnace behaviour, from the material feeding to the refined glass extraction
Xexo, Gjergj. "Flamme de diffusion turbulente dans un écoulement transversal : comportement dynamique et rayonnement." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT082H.
Full textTran, Van Ly. "Modèles stochastiques des processus de rayonnement solaire." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00994598.
Full textMorvidone, Marcela. "Etude et comparaison d'algorithmes de détection optimale pour les signaux modulés en amplitude et en fréquence : applications aux ondes gravitationnelles." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11063.
Full textDuprey, Stefan. "Etude mathématique et numérique du rayonnement acoustique d'un turboréacteur." Nancy 1, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00145205.
Full textThis thesis deals with the industrial problem of modelisation and numerical simulation of the acoustic radiation from fan duct air entry. The physical hypothesis subsequent to the industrial framework give way to a simplified model of linear acoustic propagation upon a non linear potential flow. Engine modal noise source modelisation requires acoustic boundary conditions through a Dirichlet-Neumann operator. Existence and uniqueness of the global mathematical problem (a convected Sommerfeld condition is added) of the potential and local perturbation from a uniform flow are prooved. A discrete coupling between the volumic acoustic potential (finite volumic elements) and its elliptic normal derivate (boundary finite element) through an integral equation is exhibed. Computing code is validated analytically and comparatively. Original results are described and prove the necessity to consider the nonlinearity of the flow by differences greater than 5 dBs in the far field acoustic diagrams. Optimal positionning of the radiating surface and the plugability of the fast multipole method make this coupling unmissable. Simplified potential-linear model, even if its range of validity is restricted to the fan duct air entry, gets his whole interest as a brick in a global domain decomposition code. By the way, lets mention the achievement of a natural axisymetric finite element and an alternative method to the calculus of the non linear flow by a fixed point method
Bichri-El, Alaoui Rabha. "Elaboration de modèles tri-dimensionnels pour le polyacétylène cis et trans. Interprétation des spectres infrarouges pour les systèmes neutres, dopés et de l'effet photoinduit." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20239.
Full textPachart, Eric. "Mesures et modélisation du rayonnement ultraviolet au sol." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10239.
Full textTye-Gingras, Maxime. "Modélisation et optimisation de panneaux radiants hydroniques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23236.
Full textCe mémoire présente la méthodologie et les résultats d'une étude numérique portant sur la modélisation et l'optimisation d'un système de chauffage par panneaux radiants hydroniques à faible masse thermique. L'objectif principal du projet est de fournir des données et de proposer des solutions au problème d'optimisation des performances énergétiques et du confort de tels systèmes. L'évolution du processus d'optimisation entrepris passe d'abord par une analyse détaillée de la modélisation du système, au terme de laquelle sont créés des modèles représentant la géométrie réelle des panneaux. Entre autres, un modèle semi-analytique est développé pour les panneaux avec configuration de tubes en serpentin et un modèle de volumes finis est développé pour les configurations de tubes en spirale. Les modèles choisis offrent la possibilité d'imposer des propriétés et des taux de transfert de chaleur non uniformes afin de représenter adéquatement la réalité lors d'un couplage avec l'environnement. Ces modèles servent ensuite à identifier l'effet de plusieurs paramètres de conception sur les performances énergétiques des panneaux radiants, d'abord dans un contexte découplé de l'environnement. Finalement, le problème complet du confort et de la demande énergétique de ces systèmes en climat hivernal québécois est traité dans la dernière partie du projet. Cette étape présente le couplage d'un modèle de dynamique des fluides numériques (DFN) avec le modèle semi-analytique de panneaux radiants pour tubes en serpentin développé préalablement. Le tout est intégré dans une pièce typique d'un bâtiment résidentiel afin d'analyser l'effet de la température d'entrée du fluide caloporteur ainsi que du positionnement et du dimensionnement des panneaux. Le modèle de DFN calcule les champs de vitesse de l'air, de température et de rayonnement dans la pièce pour fournir des valeurs locales du coefficient de transfert de chaleur au modèle de panneau radiant. Cette méthodologie permet de considérer le système de panneau radiant intégré à son environnement pour en optimiser les caractéristiques en regard du confort et de la performance énergétique.
Guillemant, Philippe. "Modélisation numérique et analytique des transferts couplés rayonnement-conduction dans les milieux semi-transparents : identification expérimentale par la méthode de l'hémisphère." Aix-Marseille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX11038.
Full textMONTETAGAUD, FABIENNE. "Modelisation de la propagation et du rayonnement acoustiques des entrees d'air de turboreacteurs." Le Mans, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LEMA1004.
Full textMehmel, Cherif. "Modélisation et commande d'un interféromètre pour la détection d'ondes gravitationnelles." Chambéry, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CHAMS021.
Full textEl, Wakil Nadim. "Etude de transferts de chaleur par conduction, convection et rayonnement couples dans des milieux semi-transparents fluides ou poreux : Elaboration de modèles de simulation en géométrie bidimensionnelle." Lyon, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAL0050.
Full textThis work presents a numerical study for the coupled heat transfer in a gray semi-transparent media contained in two-dimensional rectangular enclosure. The radiative heat transfer equations are first presented. Then a genral review of the different methodologies usually used to resolve these equation is given. According to this study we have selected the discrete ordinates methods (Sn) recently talking a great attention due to its accuracy as well as its compatibility with the modelling of other modes of heat transfer. The first chapter deals with the application of this method to many cases specially for the anisotropic scattering media. Numerical ascillation were observed and had to be eliminated. The method has been modifed to improve its performance, then compared to other reference methods of high accuracy ; The S4 approximation is then adopted to study the coupled heat transfer problem and to analyse the influence of different radiative properties of the medium and the enclosue surfaces. The second chapter is conerned with the combined conduction-radiation heat transfer problem. The energy equation has been solved using the control volume approach. The fird chapter treats a rarely studied topic. This is the combined radiation-natural covection heat transfer in porous media. The darcy law is used in the modelling of natural convection. Finally, the fourth chapter is devoted to solve the combined radiation-natural convection in a fluid, using the SIMPLER algorithm
Variot, Bruno. "Modélisation des transferts de chaleur par rayonnement dans les systèmes gaz-solide à haute température." Perpignan, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PERP0165.
Full textBourgeois, Martine Caroline. "Application du tandem Spectroscopie photoélectronique à rayonnement UV (SPE-UV)/quantochimie au motif >C=N- : Cas particulier des imines N-zirconiées." Pau, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PAUU3038.
Full textThe aim of this work was to determine the electronic and structural properties of the compounds involving the >C=N- pattern using the coupling of experimental results coming from Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UV-PES) - the PE spectra being electronic fingerprints of the studied molecules - and theoretical studies (DFT calculations). We were particularly interested in the influence of N-substitution by a metal like zirconium or another heteroelement like phosphorus, on their intrinsic properties. Moreover, the UV-PES, in the gas phase, coupled with basic supported reactions, allowed us to characterize less hindered imines RC(H)=NH (R: iPr, Ph. . . ), not isolable in standard conditions. Then, we determined the effect of the metal on one hand, on the geometrical parameters of the imines RC(H)=NH - more particularly on the hybridization of the nitrogen atom - and on the other hand on the nature and the position of the molecular orbitals controlling the reactivity like the imino nitrogen lone pair and the nCN orbital. A theoretical study on the hydrozirconation process of nitriles (RCN) was carried out, in order to correctly describe such process and determine the influence of the R substituents on the feasibility of the reaction. The introduction of an heteroelement like phosphorus leaded to the synthesis of new ligands which would be involved in catalytic reactions. A better knowledge of these systems was necessary. Consequently these new compounds have been experimentally and theoretically studied. A comparison was systematically done with the corresponding imines
Lazard, Myriam. "Modélisation macroscopique du transfert de chaleur transitoire couplé conduction rayonnement dans un milieu semi-transparent : estimation de paramètres." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL030N.
Full textBagot, Philippe. "Modèles de formation de systèmes doubles d'étoiles à neutrons." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20178.
Full textBoulanger, Rémi. "La prise de feu et la génération d'incendie en milieu pyrotechnique ; propagation dans un environnement à risques." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2290.
Full textFernandez, Lopez Priscila. "Modélisation du rayonnement électromagnétique des dispositifs électroniques pour des applications CEM." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUES015.
Full textThis thesis was performed in IRSEEM and it is under the EPEA project (EMC Platform for Embedded Applications) of Aerospace Valley cluster. Its objective is to develop models of the emissions radiated by electronic devices. These models must be generic (i. E. Applicable to any device), easy to obtain and insertable into commercial electromagnetic simulation tools. Firstly, a model capable to predict electric and magnetic fields in the half-space above a device is developed. It is based on a set of electric and magnetic dipole equivalent sources. Two matrix inversions using the least-square inverse method allow their determination. The model is applied to several circuits (passives and actives) with good results. The insertion of the models into commercial simulators is possible thanks to a reduction in the number of sources. This model is then used for two EMC applications. Firstly, the prediction of the coupling between an aggressor device and a transmission line by two different procedures: an analytical one and a numerical one, then the far-field prediction. Finally, another modelling method to recreate the electric and the magnetic fields in the space surrounding the device is proposed and validated on simple cases
Zabiégo, Magali. "Rayonnement d'un bain de corium dans un milieu chargé en aérosols issus de l'interaction corium/béton." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11002.
Full textBécu, Laurianne Guilaine. "Modélisation des propriétés optiques et radiatives des cirrus dans l'infrarouge : validation à l'aide des mesures effectuées lors de l'expéience FRENCH/DIRAC 2001." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-213-214.pdf.
Full textJaulin, Philippe. "Contribution à la simulation des paramètres climatiques : rayonnement solaire et pluie, en écoulement : application à la création de la soufflerie climatique Jules Verne." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2320.
Full textKhourchafi, Abdelhak. "Etude de l'approximation P1 pour les transferts radiatifs spectralement corrélés dans des gaz : application à l'étude des transferts couplés convection-rayonnement dans des échangeurs de chaleur à haute température." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ECAP0346.
Full textAmory, Vincent. "Études du comportement complexe de source et du rayonnement ultrasonore des traducteurs multi-éléments flexibles au contact." Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1727.
Full textUltrasonic methods of non-destructive testing (NDT) are frequently used in industries where safety requirements are important (nuclear, aerospace). To improve contact inspection of parts of irregular geometry, specific phased arrays are developed at the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), made up of an arrangement of piezoelectric elements assembled to make the probe flexible. Their active surface can fit the irregular shape of the component, thus inimizing aberrations in radiated ultrasonic field observable when rigid traditional transducers are used ; they make feasible and reliable examinations that are impossible otherwise. To optimize their design, to develop NDT methods using them, it is necessary to have a simulation tool able to predict the field they radiate. A field computation tool is implemented in the CIVA platform of CEA; it is widely used for the simulation of longitudinal (L) and transversal (T) waves testing using various kinds of ultrasonic transducers. For flexible phased arrays, a specific model has been developed; in certain directions of T wave propagation, predictions based on this latter model partially disagree with measurements. A tool to simulate T-wave inspections using these flexible transducers is developed in this thesis. Models of source and of radiation are based on observations made thanks to computation results by finite elements and to experiments. The model of source accounts for the complex stresses created by one of the elements of the flexible transducer to the transducer-part interface. The study of the radiation from these sources highlights the quantitative importance of head wave contribution, generally neglected, on the field radiated by small sources. Head waves are coupled with T-waves in certain directions of radiation; it is necessary to take them into account when using flexible transducers in T-wave testing. The proposed radiation model deals with L, T and head wave contributions; it combines exact Greens functions for T and head waves, and the asymptotic model already validated used at CEA for L-waves. Simulation results for the field radiated by a whole phased arrays transducer demonstrate the show the effectiveness of the developed model relatively to results computed under asymptotic approximations, to accurately simulate T-wave contact testing of parts of complex surface
Tancrez, Manuel. "Modélisation du rayonnement et transferts couplés dans des milieux poreux réactifs : application aux brûleurs radiants à gaz." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0908.
Full textMartine, Jean-François. "Modélisation de la production potentielle de la canne à sucre en zone tropicale, sous conditions thermiques et hydriques contrastées : applications du modèle." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INAP0004.
Full textBen, Tahar Mabrouk. "Formulation variationnelle par équations intégrales pour le rayonnement acoustique en présence d'un écoulement non-uniforme." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPE098.
Full textYaghdjian, Laurence. "Etude des mécanismes de transformation de matériaux céramiques sous l'influence d'un rayonnement UV intense." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11015.
Full textRoudani, Cherkaoui. "Modélisation à l'échelle microscopique des transferts thermiques radiatifs en milieu poreux." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Roudani-Cherkaoui/2008-Roudani-Cherkaoui-These.pdf.
Full textThe study of solid fuel combustion (for energy production or for waste incineration), for optimization purposes in terms of efficiency or reduction of noxious species emissions, requires to take into account all the energetic processes on a microscopic scale. We aim here at characterizing the incidence of the radiative exchanges on the thermal transfer properties of porous media. A 3d simulation tool which operates on the microscopic scale, based on a Monte Carlo method, has been developed. It was then applied to the simulation of heat transfer by coupled conduction and radiation from a heated grain within in a porous medium. A wide range of microstructures and operating conditions has been investigated. The results show that radiative transfers can have a significant influence in the smoldering process. Radiation can be accounted for in a macroscopic description by the means of an equivalent radiative conductivity, for which a model is proposed, which depends only on the local temperature and on geometrical characteristics of the porous medium
Allanic, Nadine. "Optimisation sous contraintes d'une opération de séchage combinant la convection et les technologies rayonnantes infrarouges : application à un polymère en solution aqueuse." Lorient, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LORIS079.
Full textThis thesis deals with the drying of a polymer (polyvinyl alcohol, PVA) in aqueous solution mixed with a plasticizer and various additives. A heating combining convective and short infrared electromagnetic radiation energy inputs is used. The use of infrareds, which allow a high and direct energy transfer to the product, is interesting provided that one has correctly identified the impact of infrared irradiation on the thermal and hydric behavior of the product. Consequently, an experimental and numerical study was undertaken. After characterizing by several measurements the main properties of the polymer, experiments were carried out on a drying setup. The analysis of the drying kinetics showed the necessity to develop a knowledge model of the thermal and hydric behavior of the product, in order to proceed with an optimization phase of the process. In parallel to this experimental study, a one-dimensional model describing heat and mass transfers inside the product was developed. It enables to access the moisture content field and the temperature inside the product and takes into account the product shrinkage. Two mathematical approaches were studied, in particular to solve the difficulties of resolution related to the shrinkage during the drying. The knowledge of the diffusion coefficient, function of the temperature and the moisture content, is necessary for a satisfactory representation of the phenomena in the model. The estimation of this parameter was made with an inverse method, using drying kinetics in forced convection. Various experiments were used to validate that model. On the basis of the developed model, an optimal control approach was selected to optimize the drying process. The infrared irradiation to apply to the product is determined off-line, by minimizing an objective function subject to process constraints, notably the drying time reduction and the energy cost, and constraints on the product (temperature and moisture content)
Liang, Feng. "Femtosecond laser writing of nanogratings on the surface of fused silica." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29308/29308.pdf.
Full textWhen a femtosecond laser beam is tightly focused onto transparent materials, strong field ionization followed by avalanche ionization may occur, and a fraction of laser energy is absorbed and transferred into the lattice resulting in local heating. The temperature within the irradiation zone will rise up to the melting or boiling point depending on the incident pulse fluence and material properties. As a result, either smooth modification, or well-shaped nanogratings or complex damage may occur. Coulomb explosion may also participate in the material removal process. In this thesis, we focus on the nanograting inscription on the surface of fused silica. We measure the pulse fluence which is required to induce surface nanogratings for different pulse-to-pulse spacing, uncover and quantify the incubation effect in the nanograting inscription process, and propose a modified incubation equation (ablation threshold as a function of pulse-topulse spacing). Using a scanning electron microscope, we examine the structural change on the surface induced by the combination of different writing parameters such as the pulse energy/fluence, pulse-to-pulse spacing and the depth of the focused light below the surface. We show the shot-to-shot evolution of nanogrooves in the static case for a small range of pulse fluence, and demonstrate that well-shaped nanogratings can be obtained with pulse fluence slightly above the reduced ablation threshold, and that the width and spacing of the nanogratings depend on the pulse-to-pulse spacing and pulse fluence. In particular, we propose a new model which consists of local intensity distribution and incubation effect. The progressive evolution of new local maxima and in turn the formation of new nanogrooves in pairs (static case) or in a self-replicating way (scanning case) at specific locations is in fact the physical focus behind the nanograting inscription, as is faithfully reproduced by the experiment. No previously reported model has ever been successful in that respect. Finally, we discuss and demonstrate the potential applications in direct writing of a controllable number of nanochannels and large-area nanogratings.
Bossuet, Cécile. "Étude du transport vertical de quantité de mouvement dans le modèle troposphérique-stratosphérique ARPEGE-climat." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT004H.
Full textCombet, Céline. "Etude analytique et numérique des flots autour des étoiles jeunes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00090716.
Full textLorsqu'une étoile se forme, alors que l'accrétion sur l'objet central se poursuit, de gigantesques éjections de matière se produisent sous forme de jets et flots moléculaires bipolaires. Après une
introduction donnant une vision globale de tous les éléments
impliqués dans la formation stellaire, nous présentons les modèles "standards" pour les flots moléculaires. Dans un
troisième temps, nous construisons un modèle alternatif et complémentaire aux approches standards~: le modèle de transit. Il s'agit d'un modèle MHD, autosimilaire et qui considère le renversement d'un partie de l'écoulement lorsque le gaz en chute
approche de l'objet central. Les résultats montrent notamment que le modèle permet de rendre compte des taux de masses observés lors de la formation des étoiles massives, taux que les modèles standards atteignent difficilement. Le modèle est étudié de façon
extensive grâce à une exploration Monte Carlo de l'espace des paramètres et la mise en évidence de deux grandes familles de solutions. Le modèle de transit donne une description à grande échelle de l'environnement proto-stellaire et montre une forte structuration du milieu autant en densité qu'en vitesse. C'est dans un tel milieu que le jet issu du disque d'accrétion se propage, et une étude numérique préliminaire de cette propagation montre que la morphologie et la cinématique du jet est fortement affectée par le milieu ambiant. Nous en déduisons l'importance d'avoir un bonne description de ce dernier et la nécessité de ne pas se contenter des milieux "uniformes et au repos" généralement considérés.
La seconde partie est consacrée à la partie nucléaire du rayonnement cosmique Galactique. Ce "rayonnement" est constitué de noyaux qui se sont propagés dans la Galaxie et son halo diffusif, après avoir été accélérés dans les chocs de supernovae. Certains de ces noyaux atteignent la Terre où ils
sont détectés. Comprendre la propagation de ces noyaux est essentiel pour remonter, à partir des mesures, aux abondances des noyaux dans les sources. Dans ce travail, nous nous intéressons spécifiquement au cas des noyaux lourds, en connection avec l'expérience UHCRE, et regardons comment la structure locale de la Galaxie, la "bulle locale", affecte la propagation des lourds. Nous trouvons que la sous-densité locale du voisinnage solaire joue effectivement un rôle dans la détermination des abondances sources et que l'effet tend à réduire les différences entre les abondances sources et les abondances solaires des noyaux. Nous donnons enfin dans un dernier chapitre quelques perspectives pour la poursuite de cette étude.
Riboust, Philippe. "De la neige au débit : de l'intérêt d'une meilleure contrainte et représentation de la neige dans les modèles." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS018/document.
Full textSnow models are often dependent on the hydrological model they are coupled with, which can promote higher performance on runoff simulation at the expense of snow state simulations performances. The objective of this thesis is to make the calibration of the snow model more independent from the calibration of the hydrological model, while remaining easily usable for runoff forecasting. Calibrating snow model on observed snow data would on one hand improve the robustness of the snow model parameters and on the other hand improve the snowpack modelling. In the first part of this manuscript, we modified the semi-distributed CemaNeige degree-day model so that it can explicitly simulate the watershed snow cover area. This modification coupled with the calibration of the model on snow cover area data and on river runoff data significantly improved the simulation of the snow cover area by the model without significantly deteriorating the runoff performances. Then we started the development of a new point scale snow model. It is based on a radiation model, which simulates incoming radiations from daily temperature range data, and a snowpack model. The snowpack model solves the heat equations within the snowpack by using a spectral representation of the temperature profile. This representation simulates the temperature profile and gradients using fewer state variables than a vertical discretization of the snowpack. In order to be able to use point scale snow observations in the model, it should be distributed on the watershed
Aliat, Abdelaziz. "Modélisation d'un écoulement hypersonique de CO en déséquilibre physico-chimique et radiatif derrière une onde de choc." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11030.
Full textSicard, Angélica. "Modélisation des ceintures de radiation d'électrons et d'ions de Jupiter." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ESAE0007.
Full textBen, Hadj Slama Jaleleddine. "Modélisation du rayonnement électromagnétique des circuits d'électronique de puissance : Application à un hacheur." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00260191.
Full textAh-Nieme, Arthur. "Étude du vitrage thermochrome soumis au rayonnement solaire en physique du bâtiment." Thesis, La Réunion, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LARE0034.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study of thermochromic glazing (TCG) exposed to solar radiation in building physics. This research work is part of the building envelope energy efficiency thematic. Indeed, the TCG, which is an innovative and dynamic technology, has the capacity to modulate its energy transmission according to its own temperature. For tropical areas where there is a large amount of solar energy, this type of glazing can, on its own, significantly reduce the transmission of heat inside buildings while maintaining a sufficient amount of natural light for the comfort of the occupants. The goal is therefore to model the behaviour of the TCG. First of all, a unique experiment in a tropical environment has been set up on a scale 1 experimental cell equipped with a TCG. It was possible to draw several conclusions from the observations: the temperature field of the TCG is sensitive to the absorption of solar radiation and presents a heterogeneous distribution when close masks are present (as in our case). From these experimental observations, an original model was proposed. It is, on one hand, the formulation of the function that governs the variation of the thermo-optical properties as a function of temperature; and on the other hand, a two-dimensional spatial discretisation model on the surface of the TCG taking into account the solicitations of solar radiation and close masks. The 2D model was then implemented in a global building system with the 1D thermal model and the daylighting model. All models have been integrated into PITAYA: Platform for the integrated thermal and daylighting analysis. Finally, the PITAYA models were compared with the measurements from the experiment for validation. The results of the thermal validation show that the model is reliable and accurate. Nevertheless, the results in photometry, which are encouraging, require further improvements to the model
Santos, Costa Daniel. "Modélisation des ceintures de radiation d'électrons de Jupiter internes à Io." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ESAE0010.
Full textHachem, Elie. "Stabilized finite element method for heat transfer and turbulent flows inside industrial furnaces." Paris, ENMP, 2009. http://pastel.paristech.org/5656/01/EH-These.pdf.
Full textThe development of efficient methods to understand and simulate conjugate heat transfer for multi-components systems appears in numerous engineering applications and still a need for industrials, especially in the case of the heat treatment of high-alloy steel by a continuously heating process inside industrial furnaces. The thermal history of the load and the temperature distribution in the furnace are critical for the final microstructure and the mechanical properties of the treated workpieces and can directly determined their final quality in terms of hardness, toughness and resistance. The main objectives of this thesis is then to understand and better model the heat treatment process at the same time in the furnace chamber and within the workpieces under specified furnace geometry, thermal schedule, parts loading design, initial operation conditions, and performance requirements. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation provides a useful tool to predict the temperature evolution and such processes. In the first part of this work, various stabilized finite element methods required for computing the conjugate heat transfer and the incompressible flows are proposed and analyzed. Two turbulence models, the k-epsilon and the Large Eddy Simulations (LES) models were introduced and used to simulate and take into account the complex turbulent flows inside the furnace chamber. The effect of thermal radiation was appropriately accounted for by means of a volumetric model known as the P1-model. In the latter part of this work, a multidomain approach referred as the immersed volume method (IVM) is introduced and applied to treat the fluid-solid interactions. It is based on the use of an adaptive anisotropic local grid refinement by means of the level-set function to well capture the sharp discontinuities of the fluid-solid interface. The proposed method showed that it is well suited to treat simultaneously the three modes, convective, conductive and radiative heat transfer that may interfere in both the fluid part and the solid part using anisotropic finite element meshes
Cohen, Fabrice. "Simulation de gerbes atmosphériques aux énergies de l'Observatoire Pierre Auger et fonction de distribution latérale." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003956.
Full textAprès avoir exposé l'historique des rayons cosmiques, et la problématique liée aux énergies ultines, nous décrirons les détecteurs de l'Observatoire Pierre Auger, ainsi que les motivations et les contraintes à l'installation sur le site.
Dans une troisième partie, nous abordons la simulation des phénomènes de gerbe atmosphérique. Nous débuterons par la description de l'interaction primaire à très haute énergie, où les modèles d'interaction hadronique doivent ^etre extrapolés, puis nous poursuivrons par la cascade électromagnétique et la composante pénétrante que les détecteurs de fluorescence et de surface détectent.
L'étude par la simulation de la distribution latérale (décroissance du signal en fonction de la distance au coeur de la gerbe) nous a conduit à proposer une nouvelle fonction de distribution latérale qui permet de s'ajuster aux gerbes individuelles et à terme, avoir une meilleure estimation de l'énergie primaire gerbe à gerbe. Cette nouvelle fonction a été appliquée aux données du réseau prototype.
Nous terminerons par une présentation des données du réseau prototype installé dans la Pampa par la reconstruction de ses événements.
Mallaroni, Bastien. "Relation entre la géométrie d'un résonateur de longueur finie et son rayonnement : Etude numérique et expérimentale de ses résonances complexes." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX11122.
Full textThe principal goal of this work was to develop a numerical method to study the coupling between internal and external fluid of a resonator, notably to study the link between the shape of a finite length resonator and his radiation. For this we study complex resonances, corresponding to the poles of the Green's function of system coupled with the external environment. The imaginary part of resonance frequencies is here directly related to losses due to radiation. We based our work on three main areas: an analytical study using a modal theory with the inclusion of non-planar modes, the development of a numerical method based on boundary finite elements and an experimental comparison of our theoretical results. The analytical modal theory has allowed us to study the radiation of finite length cylindrical pipe opening into an infinite screen, which is a reference case for further study. The numerical method, developed in a FORTRAN parallelized code, gave us the opportunity to study resonators with more complex geometries such as horns. To reduce computation time, we introduced an hybrid method mixing modal theory to describe the conservative part of system, that allows fast computation, and boundary element method, allowing a fine representation of complex geometries, to describe the radiating part. We have finished this work with a first experimental validation of results
Rincon, François. "Dynamique des grandes échelles de la convection dans la photosphère solaire." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30254.
Full textVelocity fields measurements of turbulent flows in the solar photosphere reveal three distinct horizontal scales: granulation (1 000 km), mesogranulation (7 000 km) and supergranulation (30 000 km). Granulation is known to result from radiative cooling of hot ascending gas close to the surface, but the origin of mesogranulation and supergranulation remains largely unknown. Several convection models were developed in the course of this PhD research in order to investigate possible formation mechanisms for these large-scale flows. A theoretical study of the convective instability in the linear regime has first been attempted. The model relies on a fully compressible description of the fluid movements when a vertical permanent magnetic field and fixed thermal flux boundary conditions (that are relevant on large scales) are imposed. Very elongated convection cells are shown to be preferred as convection sets in and scales comparable to supergranulation can be obtained for realistic values of the magnetic field. Direct numerical simulations of fully compressible turbulent convection in a very large aspect ratio domain have then been carried out to investigate turbulent dynamics on large scales. .
Chaaban, Mohamed. "Contribution à l'étude du rayonnement des conducteurs filaires." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00669531.
Full textLaybros, Sarah. "Utilisation du lancer de rayons pour le calcul de l'interaction d'un rayonnement électromagnétique avec des objets complexes métalliques et diélectriques." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30166.
Full textThe interactions of an electromagnetic wave and complex targets lead to numerous investigation of modelisation, as much for military than for civil applications. When the objects present a complex geometry and dimensions large compared to the wavelength, the evaluation of the radiated fields becomes costly in computation time. To overcome this problem, we use a method based on the coupling of the Shooting and Bouncing Ray technique, dealing with a great number of successive interactions in a fast way, and the electromagnetic Asymptotic Methods. The Asymptotic Methods, which are widely studied in the state of art in the metallic case, seldom concern the dielectric objects. So, we worked out the Asymptotic Methods in an unified model, able to evaluate the interactions of scattering and diffraction, for objects as well metallic as dielectric, in their near or far field zone, and whatever the incident wave. Then, all these methods have been adapted to the Shooting and Bouncing Ray technique. This optimal coupling of methods leads to a fast and accurate computation of the fields radiated by a complex scene, at high frequencies. Several applications are presented in the domains of the antennas, of the Radar Cross Section computation and the cartography of EM fields in a given volume. All the models studies and developed in this thesis, have been integrated in the software FERMAT of ONERA/DEMR
Trolliet, Mélodie. "Développement d’une méthodologie pour l’évaluation de l’incidence des variabilités interannuelles et de plus long-terme de la ressource solaire sur l’analyse de risque financier d’un projet de centrale solaire photovoltaïque." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM040.
Full textThis PhD thesis proposes to contribute to the characterization of long-term variations in irradiance, in a context of financial risk analysis of large solar photovoltaic power plants. The use of statistical indicators (e.g. P90) and the hypothesis of temporal stationarity of the irradiance has been questioned. This led to a fine characterization of the long-term variations of the irradiance thanks to a time-frequency decomposition tool developed during this thesis. We distinguished three classes of variability: intra-annual variability, annual to decadal variability, and multi-decadal variability. For the first class, the use of four years of historical data is sufficient to correctly take into account all the variations in irradiance. For the second class, the use of 30 years of historical data is recommended. For multi-decadal variability, the use of more than 30 years of data is encouraged. The three classes of variability have been analyzed for various types of databases: long-term measurements from the GEBA network, CLARA-A2 satellite data, MERRA-2 re-analysis data, and data from the IPSL-CM6A-LR climate model. A great diversity of variability structures according to the database considered was observed
Zerbib, Nicolas. "Méthodes de sous-structuration et de décomposition de domaine pour la résolution des équations de Maxwell : application au rayonnement d'antenne dans un environnement complexe." Toulouse, INSA, 2006. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000173/.
Full textThis thesis is about the numerical modelling of the influence, on the behaviour of an antenna, of the satellite on which the antenna is posed. The system Antenna-Satellite appears like a large-sized metallic structure containing a locally dielectric component eventually non homogeneous. The exact methods based on a coupling Boundary Integral equations and Finite Element Methods are the best approach for this kind of problem. First of all, we have compared several formulations according their robustness and their condition number. We have proposed a new approach to evaluate the composition of the n^ operator with an integral operator preventing the concentration of integrations on the edges of the mesh occurring in the standard approaches. An iterative solver coupled to a fast multipole method for the resolution of the exterior problem is used. This coupling method has been proved to be very performant in another kind of problem concerning the scattering of a plane wave by a large metallic structure containing an electrically deep cavity. We have also considered a numerical model to feed by a dielectric dipole an antenna by a Finite Element Method. To finish, we have presented a new coupling method based on an adaptative absorbant boundary condition preventing to wrapped round all of the system by the fictitious surface. We have established that this formulation is well-posed and numerically stable