Relevant bibliographies by topics / Raynaud's; White finger

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Raynaud's; White finger'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Raynaud's; White finger"

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Palmer, K. T. "Raynaud's phenomenon, vibration induced white finger, and difficulties in hearing." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 59, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 640–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.59.9.640.

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Lau, C. S., A. O'Dowd, and J. J. Belch. "White blood cell activation in Raynaud's phenomenon of systemic sclerosis and vibration induced white finger syndrome." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 51, no. 2 (February 1, 1992): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.51.2.249.

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Bovenzi, Massimo. "Digital arterial responsiveness to cold in healthy men, vibration white finger and primary Raynaud's phenomenon." Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 19, no. 4 (August 1993): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.1474.

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Palmer, Keith T., Michael J. Griffin, Holly Syddall, Cyrus Cooper, and David Coggon. "The clinical grading of Raynaud's phenomenon and vibration-induced white finger: relationship between finger blanching and difficulties in using the upper limb." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 75, no. 1 (January 2002): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200100275.

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Greenstein, D., and R. C. Kester. "Acute Vibration—Its Effect on Digital Blood Flow by Central and Local Mechanisms." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 206, no. 2 (June 1992): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1992_206_274_02.

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In order to establish underlying mechanisms responsible for the vasospastic disorder vibration white finger (VWF), the acute effect of vibration on digital blood flow was assessed. Thirteen patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon (RP), 15 patients with VWF and 13 controls were exposed to acute vibration in the middle digit of one hand for 1 and 3 minutes. Blood flow was measured in that digit and in the middle finger of the contralateral hand using strain gauge plethysmography before and after vibration. The measurements were then repeated following digital nerve blockade using 2% Lignocaine in the vibrated digit. The results demonstrate that vibration affects digital blood flow through two independent mechanisms. Vibration appears to cause both an axonal vasoconstrictor reflex and an active local vasodilation phenomenon. In patients with established vasospastic disorders this vasoconstrictor reflex is exaggerated.
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Jepsen, Jørgen R., and Jane A. Simonsen. "Raynaud's Phenomenon in a Slap Bass Player: A Case Report." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 31, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2016.1009.

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OBJECTIVE: Secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon is a frequent condition related to occupational exposure to local vibration but has not been described in musicians. This study aims to describe cold-induced blanching of the right second and (in particular) third digits in a 67-year-old double bass player following decades of cumulative repetitive blunt trauma to the fingers from slapping the strings. METHODS: A physical examination was undertaken and systolic blood pressure measured before and after cold provocation. RESULTS: At 10ÅãC the brachial systolic blood pressure was 156 mm Hg while blood pressure was immeasurable at the finger level, corresponding to a finger/brachial index of 0% of the second and third fingers. CONCLUSION: This is the first reported case of objectively verified, playing-related Raynaud’s phenomenon in a musician.
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Merla, A., G. L. Romani, S. Di Luzio, L. Di Donato, G. Farina, M. Proietti, S. Pisarri, and F. Salsano. "Raynaud's Phenomenon: Infrared Functional Imaging Applied to Diagnosis and Drugs Effects." International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 15, no. 1 (January 2002): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039463200201500106.

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A non-invasive, innovative approach to the study of Raynaud's Phenomenon is proposed. A group of patients, with respect of a control group, underwent a simultaneous assessment of thermal properties of all ten fingers using infrared functional imaging (IRFI). The assessment highlighted a quite different behaviour between patients with Primary- (PRP) and those with scleroderma - Raynaud's Phenomenon (SSc) and, compared with other existing techniques, seems to be an objective and effective tool to discriminate between PRP and RP secondary to SSc. 18 healthy volunteers (Norm), 20 Primary Raynaud's Phenomenon (PRP) and 20 Secondary Scleroderma (SSc) patients were studied subsequently to clinical evaluation and nail fold capillaroscopy. High-resolution infrared imaging of finger re-warming processes, immediately after a 2 min cold stress, allowed to identify objective parameters. Temperature integral Q (the temperature evaluation of the area under the time-temperature curve along the re-warming period) provided particularly effective figures in describing thermal properties of the fingers. Grand average Q values were (383.4 ± 12.5) °C/min, (502.9 ± 88.1) °C/min and (1022.0 ± 110.2) ±C/min for the PRP, SSc and Normal groups, respectively. Separate evaluation of the temperature integral for each finger leads to very similar results for the fingers of all the PRP patients; a different thermoregulatory response was observed in SSc patients. The sensitivity of the method in order to distinguish healthy from ill fingers was 100 %. The specificity in distinguishing SSc from PRP was 95%. In addition, IRFI parameters provided a better understanding of the impaired control of the finger's temperature in PRP and SSc with respect to the Normal group. This pilot study also applied IRFI for the measurement of drug effects in patients with Raynaud's Phenomenon. Sixteen out of twenty SSc patients were tested in a single 1-hour session of N-acetylcysteine infusion. IRFI clearly documented a significant increase of face and hands temperature during the drug administration. The grand average value of the finger's temperature after the 1 hour NAC administration was (29.6 ± 3.7) °C, while its value before was (27.9 ± 3.7) °C (p<0.001). N-acetylcysteine seems to act as a vasodilator in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis (scleroderma).
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Hirschl, Katzenschlager, Ammer, Melnizky, Rathkolb, and Kundi. "Doppelblinde, randomisierte, placebokontrollierte Low-Level-Laser Therapiestudie bei Patienten mit primärem Raynaudphänomen." Vasa 31, no. 2 (May 1, 2002): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526.31.2.91.

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Background: No causal treatment of primary Raynaud’s phenomenon is available due to its unclear aetiology. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) is applied in a multitude of medical conditions often without sufficient evidence of efficacy and established mechanisms. To asses the effect of this therapy in patients with primary Raynaud’s phenomenon a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled cross over study was designed. Patients and methods: Absolute and relative frequency and intensity of vasospastic attacks during three weeks of either LLLT or placebo therapy and results of infrared thermography before onset and at the end of both therapy sequences were evaluated in 15 patients with primary Raynaud’s phenomenon. Results: Frequency of Raynaud’s attacks was not significantly affected by low level laser therapy. Compared to placebo a significantly lower intensity of attacks during laser irradiation was observed, but no transfer effect occurred. Additionally the mean temperature gradient after cold exposure was reduced after laser irradiation, while the number of fingers showing prolonged rewarming was unaffected. Conclusion: Though further studies are necessary to confirm these results we could demonstrate for the first time in a double blind placebo controlled clinical trial that low laser therapy is a potential candidate for an effective therapy of Raynaud`s phenomenon, although effects seem to be of short duration.
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Gaisin, I., Z. Bagautdinova, R. Valeeva, N. Maximov, O. Desinova, R. Shayakhmetova, I. Sabelnikova, et al. "AB0576 INCIDENCE AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF RAYNAUD’S PHENOMENON IN RHEUMATIC DISEASES." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1584.1–1585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1930.

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Background:Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease (CTD) most frequently associated with Raynaud’s phenomenon – RP (96%), followed by mixed CTD (MCTD) (86%), systemic lupus erythematosus – SLE (31%), undifferentiated CTD (30%), rheumatoid arthritis – RA (22%) and Sjogren’s disease – SD (13%)1. RP can manifest as a classical triple-colour change with pallor (ischaemic phase) followed by cyanosis (deoxygenation) and erythema (reperfusion)2,1. However, this triple-colour change only occurs in 19% of cases2,3. Majority of patients report an episodic double-colour change, consisting of pallor and cyanosis, pallor and erythema or cyanosis and erythema2. In a 4.8-year follow-up, 37.2% of RP patients developed rheumatic diseases (RD), 8.1% had other causes, in 54,7% RP remained primary4.Objectives:To study the incidence and manifestations of secondary RP in RD.Methods:A questionnaire survey conducted in 230 patients with RD.Results:RP was detected in 45.6% of RD patients (n=105), 54.4% of patients with RD had no RP (n=125). RP was 4 times more frequent in females than in males (F:M 4:1). In RP group, 87 patients (82%) had autoimmune RD: SSc (55.2%), SLE (17.1%), RA (6%),dermatomyositis (3.8%), cross syndrome (3.8%), MCTD (1.9%), SD (0.9%).Only 84% of RP patients had positive answers to all three questions that characterizeRP (1. Is there an unusual sensitivity of fingers to cold? 2. Do fingers change colorwhen exposed to cold? 3. Do they turn white and/or bluish?). Biphasic color changes (whitening-blueness; whitening-redness; blue-redness) were observed in 33 (31.4%) patients with RP, three-phase changes – in 32 patients (30.5%). Blueness of fingers to cold was more frequent in SLE than in SSc (p=0.027).Redness of fingers to cold occurred more often in cross syndrome, MCTD, SD, RA, vasculitis than in SSc (p<0.001) and in vasculitis than in SLE (p=0.035). In SSc patients, whitening of fingers to cold was more common than redness (p=0.037) and two-/three-phase changes of fingers color in the cold were more frequent than single-phase changes (p<0.001).The frequency of RP attacks was detected more than once a day in 44 (42%) patients. In 73% of cases, RP did not show signs of deep digital ischemia. Digital ulcers (active) were observed in 13 (12.3%) patients, fractures in a finger area – 23 (21.9%), digital scars – 15 (14.2%), phalange amputations – 7 (6.6%).Conclusion:Patients with RD and secondary RP most often have SSC (55%), less often – SLE (17%), RA (6%), DM (3%). In SSc and SLE patients, Raynaud’s reddening of fingers to cold is less common than in other RD. In SSc, two-/three-phase changes of fingers color in the cold are more frequent than single-phase changes. In SLE, fingers turn blue in the cold more often than in SSc.References:[1]Prete M, Fatone MC, Favoino E, Perosa F. Raynaud’s phenomenon: from molecular pathogenesis to therapy.Autoimmun Rev2014;13:655–67.[2]Linnemann B, Erbe M. Raynaud’s phenomenon – assessment and differential diagnoses.Vasa2015;44:166–77.[3]Heidrich H, Helmis J, Fahrig C, Hovelmann R, Martini N. Clinical characteristics of primary, secondary and suspected secondary Raynaud’s syndrome and diagnostic transition in the long-term follow-up. A retrospective study in 900 patients.Vasa2008;37 (Suppl. 73):3–25.[4]Pavlov–Dolijanovic S, Damjanov NS, VujasinovicStupar NZ, Radunovic GL, Stojanovic RM, Babic D. Late appearance and exacerbation of primary Raynaud’s phenomenon attacks can predict future development of connective tissue disease: a retrospective chart review of 3035 patients.RheumatolInt2013;33:921–6.Acknowledgments:Professor LP. Anan’eva, Professor RT. AlekperovDisclosure of Interests:Ilshat Gaisin Speakers bureau: Boehringer Ingelheim, KRKA, Berlin-Chemie Menarini, Sanofi, Zukhra Bagautdinova: None declared, Rosa Valeeva: None declared, Nikolay Maximov Speakers bureau: Pfizer, KRKA, Oxana Desinova: None declared, Rushana Shayakhmetova: None declared, Irina Sabelnikova: None declared, Anna Tukmacheva: None declared, Larisa Gibadullina: None declared, Natalya Burlaeva: None declared, Elena Agareva: None declared, Yulia Ochkurova: None declared, Tatyana Bragina: None declared, Ksenia Alexandrova: None declared, Elvira Reutova: None declared
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Ferrusquia-Toriz, Diana, Cristina Hernández-Díaz, Luis M. Amezcua-Guerra, Lucio Ventura-Ríos, Violeta Higuera-Ortiz, Ana C. Lozada-Navarro, and Luis H. Silveira. "Ultrasound characterization of the nail bed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus." Lupus 30, no. 4 (January 20, 2021): 608–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203320988609.

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Objective To characterize the ultrasound findings of the nail plate and nail bed in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its association with nail dystrophy. Methods Thirty-two SLE patients, 36 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and 20 healthy individuals were studied. High-frequency linear ultrasound was performed in nails of the second to fifth fingers in all participants. Disease activity (SLEDAI-2K index), accrued organ damage (SLICC/ACR index), autoantibody profile, and Raynaud’s phenomenon were also assessed in SLE patients. Results Nail bed thickness in SLE patients was higher than in healthy individuals (1.25 ± 0.31 mm vs 1.17 ± 0.29 mm; P = 0.01) but lower than in OA (1.39 ± 0.37 mm; P < 0.001), while nail plate thickness was similar among groups. Nail dystrophy was found more frequently in SLE and OA than in healthy individuals. SLE patients with nail dystrophy were older than their counterparts with no dystrophy (39.4 ± 10.4 years vs 27.8 ± 5.6 years; P = 0.004), although nail dystrophy showed no association with SLICC/ACR, SLEDAI-2K, nail bed vascularity, or autoantibodies. Conclusions Nail bed in SLE patients is thicker than in healthy individuals but thinner than in OA patients. Nail dystrophy in SLE is associated with advanced age, but not with accrued organ damage, disease activity, Raynaud's phenomenon, or DIP synovitis assessed by ultrasound.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Raynaud's; White finger"

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Palmer, Keith. "Aspects of human health and occupational exposure to vibration." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312305.

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IKI, MASAYUKI. "VIBRATION-INDUCED WHITE FINGER AS A RISK FACTOR FOR HEARING LOSS AND POSTURAL INSTABILITY." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16062.

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INABA, RYOICHI, HIROTOSHI IWATA, and S. MOHAMMAD MIRBOD. "OPERATING HAND-HELD VIBRATING TOOLS AND PREVALENCE OF WHITE FINGERS." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16065.

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GEMNE, GÖSTA. "PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF WHITE FINGERS IN WORKERS USING HAND-HELD VIBRATING TOOLS." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16057.

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Pettersson, Hans. "Risk of hearing loss from combined exposure to hand-arm vibrations and noise." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Yrkes- och miljömedicin, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-64191.

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Hearing loss from noise exposure is one of the most common occupational injuries, and exposure to vibrations may increase the risk of noise-induced hearing loss. Earlier cross-sectional and longitudinal studies found an increased risk of noise-induced hearing loss among workers with vibration-induced white fingers (VWF) symptoms compared to workers without such symptoms. It has been suggested that vibrations to the hand stimulate the sympathetic nervous system and cause vasoconstriction in both the exposed hand and the ears and that this contributes to noise-induced hearing loss. The overall aim of this thesis was to examine how hand-arm vibrations (HAV) interact with noise in the development of noise-induced hearing loss. The experimental study in this thesis examined the effects of HAV and noise, both separately and combined, on the temporary threshold shift (TTS) in hearing in 22 healthy male and female subjects. The two longitudinal studies in this thesis were based on a cohort of 189 male workers at a heavy engineering workshop. The first cohort study examined the risk of noise-induced hearing loss from long-term exposure to HAV and noise. The second cohort study examined if workers with VWF had an increased risk of noise-induced hearing loss compared to workers without such symptoms. Finally, the questionnaire study in this thesis examined the occurrence of Raynaud’s phenomenon among 133 men and women with noise-induced hearing loss in relation to exposure to vibrations. In the experimental study, no differences in TTS in hearing were observed after combined exposure to HAV and noise compared to exposure to only noise. In the first cohort study, there was an increased risk of noise-induced hearing loss with increased exposure to HAV in a noisy environment. In the second cohort study, it was found that workers with VWF had an increased risk of noise-induced hearing loss compared to workers without VWF. In the questionnaire study, many men and women with noise-induced hearing loss had used hand-held vibrating machines suggesting that vibrations might contribute to noise-induced hearing loss. A high prevalence of Raynaud’s phenomenon was found among men. This thesis demonstrated that there was a long-term effect on noise-induced hearing loss from combined exposure to noise and HAV, but no short-term effect, and that having Raynaud’s phenomenon may also increase the risk of noise-induced hearing loss.
Många arbetare använder sig av handhållna vibrerande verktyg. Det utsätter dem för höga nivåer av både buller och vibrationer. Människor som utsätts för höga bullernivåer under lång tid kan skada sin hörsel. Risken för hörselnedsättning orsakad av buller kan eventuellt öka om personen samtidigt är utsatt för vibrationer från handhållna vibrerande verktyg. Syftet med avhandlingen var att studera om vibrationer i kombination med buller ökar risken för hörselnedsättning. Avhandlingen består av fyra studier. Den första studien är en experimentell studie med 22 friska deltagare med god hörsel. Denna studie undersökte hur hörseln tillfälligt påverkas av buller och vibrationer, separat och i kombination. Den andra och tredje studien bygger på en population bestående av 189 verkstadsarbetare i Sundsvall som följts regelbundet sedan 1987. Den andra studien undersökte om det finns en ökad risk för hörselnedsättning för arbetare som utsätts för buller och vibrationer under lång tid. Den tredje studien undersökte om arbetare med vita fingrar har en ökad risk för hörselnedsättning än arbetare utan vita fingrar. Vita fingrar är en kärlskada orsakad av vibrationer som gör att fingrarna reagerar onormalt snabbt på kyla. Fingrarna blir vita när blodtillförseln till dem stryps. Den fjärde studien är en enkätstudie med 342 kvinnor och män som har en bekräftad hörselnedsättning orsakad av buller. Studien undersökte hur många ur denna grupp som utsätts för vibrationer samt har vita fingrar. Resultaten från studierna visar att det inte finns någon skillnad i hörselpåverkan från buller och vibrationer i kombination jämfört med enbart buller under kort tid. De som utsätts för vibrationer från handhållna vibrerande verktyg i en bullrig miljö under lång tid har en ökad risk för hörselnedsättning. Arbetare med vita fingrar har en högre risk för hörselnedsättning än de utan. En hög andel av de med hörselnedsättning orsakad av buller använder sig av handhållna vibrerande verktyg. I studien fanns även en hög andel med vita fingrar. Sammanfattningsvis visar resultaten att det finns en långtidseffekt av buller och vibrationer på hörselnedsättning men inte någon korttidseffekt, och att vita fingrar kan påverka risken för hörselnedsättning.
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Books on the topic "Raynaud's; White finger"

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Society, Irish Raynaud's &. Scleroderma. Vibration White Finger (VWF): An informative leaflet. Dublin: Irish Raynaud's & Scleroderma Society, 1998.

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Baxter, James A. Raynaud's phenomenon (white finger): A summary of the occupational health concern. Hamilton, Ont: Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Raynaud's; White finger"

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Gemne, G. "Raynaud’s Phenomenon (“White Fingers”) in Workers Using Hand-Held Vibrating Tools." In Handbook of Occupational Dermatology, 162–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07677-4_20.

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"Raynaud’s Vibration White Finger Syndrome." In Encyclopedia of Pain, 3366. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28753-4_201873.

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Cruz-Jimenez, Maricarmen, and Ramon Cuevas-Trisan. "Ghostly White Hands That Come and Go." In Painful Conditions of the Upper Limb, 149–54. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190066376.003.0019.

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The evaluation of hand pallor and discoloration requires immediate attention to assess vascular compromise and ischemia. Raynaud’s is a rare condition that affects approximately 5% of the U.S. population. It is a vascular condition that may be idiopathic (primary) or a manifestation of a systemic disease (secondary). It affects arteries, particularly at their most distal segments of the fingers and to a lesser degree the toes. The vessels suffer severe vasospasm that leads to ischemia and pain. The diagnosis is made by triggering the vasospasm using tests such as the cold stimulation test. Raynaud’s can be very disabling and painful, leading to finger and toe amputations in severe cases. The condition has no cure, and treatment modalities include some pharmacological and interventional analgesic procedures, with overarching goals centered around patient education, their awareness on how to protect their hands from attacks, and lifestyle modifications. Secondary Raynaud’s is primarily managed by treating the underlying cause and avoiding triggers.
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Doshi, Niraj, and Gerald Schaefer. "Automated Categorisation of Nailfold Capillaroscopy Images." In Handbook of Research on Trends in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Conditions, 134–45. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8828-5.ch006.

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Nailfold capillaroscopy (NC) is a non-invasive imaging technique employed to assess the condition of blood capillaries in the nailfold. It is particularly useful for early detection of scleroderma spectrum disorders and evaluation of Raynaud's phenomenon. While automated approaches to analysing NC images are relatively rare, they are typically based on extraction and analysis of individual capillaries from the images in order to assign a patient to one of the commonly employed scleroderma patterns. In this chapter, we present a different approach that does not rely on individual capillaries but performs interpretation in a holistic way based on information gathered from an image or a selected image region. In particular, our algorithm employs texture analysis to characterise the underlying patterns, coupled with a classification stage to first identify patterns in fingers, and then, through a voting strategy, reach a decision for a patient. Experimental results on a set of NC images with known ground truth demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
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Conference papers on the topic "Raynaud's; White finger"

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Wilkinson, D., P. Vowden, A. B. Latif, S. M. Rajah, and R. C. Kester. "EICOSANOIDS AND VASOSPASM." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643385.

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To investigate the hypothesis that abnormalities in prostanoid metabolism may be an aetiological factor in Raynaud's syndrome (RS) we have measured the stable metabolites 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α ) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2), using a radioimmunoassay. The table gives their levels (in ng/ml) and ratio (mean±SD) in healthy volunteers and in a group of patients with RS.In the control group there was no significant correlation between prostanoid levels and age, sex or smoking habit. In primary Raynaud's TXB2- levels and the ratio tend to be elevated from our control values. Patients with Vibration White Finger Disease (VWF) have a similar eicosanoid profile to that of the primary Raynaud's group with elevated TXB2 levels. One patient in this group had markedly raised 6-keto-PGF1α and TXB2 levels and later proved to have a circulating auto-antibody. Menstruating females in our study showed both elevated TXB and ratios similar to the primary group. It is interesting to note that menstruating females have an increased sensitivity to cold with abnormal cold stress tests. Patients with Raynaud's syndrome secondary to a systemic disorder have markedly elevated 6-keto-PGF1α and TXB2 levels although the ratio of the two remains within our normal range. There is a significant difference between secondary Raynaud's and all other groups investigated in the study (Mann-Whitney U test p = 0.04). Further research into prostanoid metabolism may yield a greater understanding of the pathophysiology of Raynaud's syndrome. Therapy may best be aimed at altering the levels of these important local hormones.
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Konchar, Janelle, Peter Popper, Matthew Griffith, and James Glancey. "Modeling and Testing of a New Polymer-Based Impact Tool Design to Reduce Noise, Vibration and Biomechanical Injuries." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14416.

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A new power impact tool design has been developed and tested using advanced engineering polymers to replace traditional metal components. The new polymer-metal impact mechanism generates less noise, lower vibrations, and potentially reduces biomechanical injuries. Power tools are known to cause several medical ailments including Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAV), Raynaud's phenomenon, and Vibration White Finger unless the daily exposure and/or dosage is limited. To evaluate the effects of a polymer-metal impact mechanism on tool performance, a non-linear model describing the equations of motion and resulting output forces were developed. In addition, a number of experiments with a high frequency Instron test machine and prototype tools were performed to validate the model and compare performance of conventional power tools to the new polymer based design. The results show that although adding a polymer does reduce noise and vibration, the reduction in impact force is relatively small and statistically insignificant. Various polymer materials and shapes were evaluated and results show that for durability and performance, the optimum appears to be a plug inserted in a cavity in either the piston or the cutting tool, thus creating a state of confined compression on the polymer. The polymer used in this research was Minlon® (mineral reinforced Nylon66), and durability was improved when the polymer inserts were cycled with compressive loads before use in the power tool.
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Wilkinson, D., P. Vowden, L. Gilka, S. M. Rajah, and R. C. Kester. "PLATELET FUNCTION IN VASOSPASTIC DISORDERS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643476.

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If vasospastic disorders are associated with abnormal eicosanoid metabolism then disturbed platelet function may be observed. We have measured platelet aggregation (PAG) at 37°C to ADP (8 1:1 sequential dilutions from 10μM), collagen (2mg/l) and adrenaline (5μM) in 37 patients with Raynaud's syndrome (21 primary (RD), 9 secondary to scleroderma (RP) and 7 vibration white finger disease (VWF)) and 10 normal subjects (N). In addition we have determined the platelet aggregate ratio (PAR). PAG was expressed as the percentage fall in optical density after the addition of the aggregant. We also recorded the duration of the collagen lag phase and the concentration of ADP at which disaggregation occurred (DAC).Patients with RP showed enhanced PAG compared to normals. This reached significance for collagen lag phase (p<0.001), percentage PAG at 3 minutes to ADP 1.25μM (p<0.05) and the DAC (p<0.01). Similar differences were observed between patients with RP and VWF. Patients with RP also showed significantly enhanced PAG with regard to ADP 1.25μM (p<0.01) and the DAC, (p<0.05) compared to patients with RD. There was no significant difference in platelet function between normal subjects and patients with VWF or between normal subjects and patients with RD. Only with regard to DAC did patients with RD differ from patients with VWF (p<0.05). The differences observed in PAG were not reflected by the PAR. Patients with RP have significantly enhanced PAG when compared to all other groups. This may relate to eicosanoid metabolism and provides a rationale for treatment.
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