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1

KASHIHARA, Yasuharu. "Ray-Tracing." Nihon Kessho Gakkaishi 36, no. 3 (1994): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5940/jcrsj.36.218.

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2

Rademacher, Paul. "Ray tracing." XRDS: Crossroads, The ACM Magazine for Students 3, no. 4 (May 1997): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/270955.270962.

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3

Schwietzer, Dino. "Ray tracing." ACM SIGCSE Bulletin 22, no. 1 (February 1990): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/319059.323439.

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4

Shaman, Jeffrey, R. M. Samelson, and Eli Tziperman. "Complex Wavenumber Rossby Wave Ray Tracing." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 69, no. 7 (July 1, 2012): 2112–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-0193.1.

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Abstract This paper presents a methodology for performing complex wavenumber ray tracing in which both wave trajectory and amplitude are calculated. This ray-tracing framework is first derived using a scaling in which the imaginary wavenumber component is assumed to be much smaller than the real wavenumber component. The approach, based on perturbation methods, is strictly valid when this scaling condition is met. The framework is then used to trace stationary barotropic Rossby waves in a number of settings. First, ray-traced Rossby wave amplitude is validated in a simple, idealized system for which exact solutions can be calculated. Complex wavenumber ray tracing is then applied to both solid-body rotation on a sphere and observed climatological upper-tropospheric fields. These ray-tracing solutions are compared with similarly forced solutions of the linearized barotropic vorticity equation (LBVE). Both real and complex wavenumber ray tracings follow trajectories matched by LBVE solutions. Complex wavenumber ray tracings on observed two-dimensional zonally asymmetric atmospheric fields are found to follow trajectories distinct from real wavenumber Rossby waves. For example, complex wavenumber ray tracings initiated over the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean during boreal summer propagate northward and northeastward into the subtropics over the Atlantic Ocean, as well as southeastward into the Southern Hemisphere. Similarly initiated real wavenumber ray tracings remain within the deep tropics and propagate westward. These complex wavenumber Rossby wave trajectories and ray amplitudes are generally consistent with LBVE solutions, which indicates this methodology can identify Rossby wave effects distinct from traditional real wavenumber tracings.
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5

Tsai, Cheng-Mu. "Evaluation of Geometrical Modulation Transfer Function in Optical Lens System." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/863201.

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This paper presents ray tracing algorithms to evaluate the geometrical modulation transfer function (GMTF) of optical lens system. There are two kinds of ray tracings methods that can be applied to help simulate the point spread function (PSF) in the image plane, for example, paraxial optics and real ray tracings. The paraxial optics ray tracing is used to calculate the first-order properties such as the effective focal length (EFL) and the entrance pupil position through less cost of computation. However, the PSF could have a large tolerance by only using paraxial optics ray tracing for simulation. Some formulas for real ray tracing are applied in the sagittal and tangential line spread function (LSF). The algorithms are developed to demonstrate the simulation of LSF. Finally, the GMTF is evaluated after the fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the LSF.
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6

Kim, Woohan, and Vernon F. Cormier. "Vicinity ray tracing: an alternative to dynamic ray tracing." Geophysical Journal International 103, no. 3 (December 1990): 639–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1990.tb05677.x.

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7

Ryzhov, Vladislav. "Enabling Ray Tracing for 5G." International journal of Computer Networks & Communications 15, no. 3 (May 27, 2023): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijcnc.2023.15304.

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RT (Ray Tracing) models are widely used in RAN for channel modelling. Another possible application in processing chain of base station with multiple purposes: positioning, channel estimation/prediction, radio resources scheduling and others. In this paper RT positioning technique is addressed for Urban Outdoor scenario. Proposed robust approach achieves several meters accuracy even in NLOS and multipath conditions. Developed RT tracking was used for multiuser (MU) precoder prediction and demonstrated significant capacity gain. Also, this paper discloses practical aspects for achieving high accuracy.
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8

Becker Tjus, Julia. "Cosmic-ray tracing." Nature Physics 14, no. 4 (January 22, 2018): 333–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41567-018-0044-9.

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9

Parker, Steven G., Heiko Friedrich, David Luebke, Keith Morley, James Bigler, Jared Hoberock, David McAllister, et al. "GPU ray tracing." Communications of the ACM 56, no. 5 (May 2013): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2447976.2447997.

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10

Mora, Benjamin. "Naive ray-tracing." ACM Transactions on Graphics 30, no. 5 (October 2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2019627.2019636.

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11

Séquin, C. H., and E. K. Smyrl. "Parameterized Ray-tracing." ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics 23, no. 3 (July 1989): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/74334.74365.

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12

Adelson, Stephen J., and Larry F. Hodges. "Stereoscopic ray-tracing." Visual Computer 10, no. 3 (March 1993): 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01900903.

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13

Heinly, Jared, Shawn Recker, Kevin Bensema, Jesse Porch, and Christiaan Gribble. "Integer Ray Tracing." Journal of Graphics, GPU, and Game Tools 14, no. 4 (January 2009): 31–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2151237x.2009.10129289.

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14

Berger, M., T. Trout, and N. Levit. "Ray tracing mirages." IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 10, no. 3 (May 1990): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/38.55151.

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15

Cleary, John G., Brian M. Wyvill, Graham M. Birtwistle, and Reddy Vatti. "Multiprocessor Ray Tracing." Computer Graphics Forum 5, no. 1 (March 1986): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.1986.tb00263.x.

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16

Yagel, R., D. Cohen, and A. Kaufman. "Discrete ray tracing." IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 12, no. 5 (September 1992): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/38.156009.

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17

Li, Jian, Qi Gu, Ying Chen, Guiqing Sun, and Haocai Huang. "A Combined Ray Tracing Method for Improving the Precision of the USBL Positioning System in Smart Ocean." Sensors 18, no. 10 (October 22, 2018): 3586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18103586.

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The ultra-short baseline positioning system (USBL) has the advantages of flexible application and easy installation, and it plays an extremely important role in the underwater positioning and communication. The error of the USBL in underwater positioning is mainly caused by a ranging error due to ray tracing, a phase difference error of the USBL, and acoustic noise in the underwater communication. Most of these errors are related to the changes in the sound speed during its propagation through the ocean. Therefore, when using the USBL for underwater detection, it is necessary to correct the sound speed profile in the detection area and optimize the ray tracing. Taking into account the actual conditions, this paper aims at correcting the model of underwater sound speed propagation and improving the tracking method of sound lines when the marine environment in the shallow sea area changes. This paper proposes a combined ray tracing method that can adaptively determine whether to use the constant sound speed ray tracing method or the equal gradient ray tracing method. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the error of slant distance in USBL compared with the traditional acoustic tracking method and the constant sound speed ray tracing method. The proposed sound ray correction algorithm solves the contradiction between the number of iterations and the reduction of positioning error and has engineering application value.
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18

van Aart, Evert, Neda Sepasian, Andrei Jalba, and Anna Vilanova. "CUDA-Accelerated Geodesic Ray-Tracing for Fiber Tracking." International Journal of Biomedical Imaging 2011 (2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/698908.

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Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) allows to noninvasively measure the diffusion of water in fibrous tissue. By reconstructing the fibers from DTI data using a fiber-tracking algorithm, we can deduce the structure of the tissue. In this paper, we outline an approach to accelerating such a fiber-tracking algorithm using a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). This algorithm, which is based on the calculation of geodesics, has shown promising results for both synthetic and real data, but is limited in its applicability by its high computational requirements. We present a solution which uses the parallelism offered by modern GPUs, in combination with the CUDA platform by NVIDIA, to significantly reduce the execution time of the fiber-tracking algorithm. Compared to a multithreaded CPU implementation of the same algorithm, our GPU mapping achieves a speedup factor of up to 40 times.
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19

Sun Minyuan, 孙敏远, 袁园 Yuan Yuan, 毕勇 Bi Yong, 朱建英 Zhu Jianying, 张硕 Zhang Shuo, and 张文平 Zhang Wenping. "Ray-Tracing Hologram Generation Algorithm Based on OptiX Ray-Tracing Engine." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 57, no. 24 (2020): 240901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop57.240901.

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20

Arvo, James, and David Kirk. "Fast ray tracing by ray classification." ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics 21, no. 4 (August 1987): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/37402.37409.

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21

Hazra, L. N. "Ray failures in finite ray tracing." Applied Optics 24, no. 24 (December 15, 1985): 4278_1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.24.4278_1.

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22

Kim, Suk-Tae, and Sang-Ook Ahn. "Simulation to Evaluate CCTV Positioning in Use of Ray-Tracing Algorithm." Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal 22, no. 6 (December 31, 2013): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14774/jkiid.2013.22.6.040.

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23

Peng, Xian Qiang. "Research on Outdoor Positioning Based on Ray Tracing Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 3039–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.3039.

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GPS can’t detect the signal because of the cell complex environment in the outdoor and poor radio wave propagation conditions, so that the positioning result is not ideal. However, the positioning method using the ray tracing prediction of radio waves, the tracking point of the scene from all the source radiation, record the relevant parameters, and then positioned within the microcell environment can satisfy the demand. The principle of ray tracing was firstly introduced in this paper, then an outdoor positioning model was set up, finally, the corresponding simulation experiments was implemented to demonstrate the effectiveness of ray tracing positioning in the outdoor environments.
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24

Teh, Arjun, Matthew O'Toole, and Ioannis Gkioulekas. "Adjoint nonlinear ray tracing." ACM Transactions on Graphics 41, no. 4 (July 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3528223.3530077.

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Reconstructing and designing media with continuously-varying refractive index fields remains a challenging problem in computer graphics. A core difficulty in trying to tackle this inverse problem is that light travels inside such media along curves, rather than straight lines. Existing techniques for this problem make strong assumptions on the shape of the ray inside the medium, and thus limit themselves to media where the ray deflection is relatively small. More recently, differentiable rendering techniques have relaxed this limitation, by making it possible to differentiably simulate curved light paths. However, the automatic differentiation algorithms underlying these techniques use large amounts of memory, restricting existing differentiable rendering techniques to relatively small media and low spatial resolutions. We present a method for optimizing refractive index fields that both accounts for curved light paths and has a small, constant memory footprint. We use the adjoint state method to derive a set of equations for computing derivatives with respect to the refractive index field of optimization objectives that are subject to nonlinear ray tracing constraints. We additionally introduce discretization schemes to numerically evaluate these equations, without the need to store nonlinear ray trajectories in memory, significantly reducing the memory requirements of our algorithm. We use our technique to optimize high-resolution refractive index fields for a variety of applications, including creating different types of displays (multiview, lightfield, caustic), designing gradient-index optics, and reconstructing gas flows.
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25

Bronsvoort, Willem F., and Fopke Klok. "Ray tracing generalized cylinders." ACM Transactions on Graphics 4, no. 4 (October 1985): 291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/6116.6118.

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26

Yarman, Can Evren, Xin Cheng, Konstantin Osypov, Dave Nichols, and Maxim Protasov. "Band-limited ray tracing." Geophysical Prospecting 61, no. 6 (August 19, 2013): 1194–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.12055.

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27

Kay, Timothy L., and James T. Kajiya. "Ray tracing complex scenes." ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics 20, no. 4 (August 31, 1986): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/15886.15916.

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28

Barr, Alan H. "Ray tracing deformed surfaces." ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics 20, no. 4 (August 31, 1986): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/15886.15918.

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29

Gatland, Ian R. "Thin lens ray tracing." American Journal of Physics 70, no. 12 (December 2002): 1184–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.1507789.

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30

Notkin, Irena, and Craig Gotsman. "Parallel Progressive Ray-tracing." Computer Graphics Forum 16, no. 1 (March 1997): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8659.115.

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31

Maurel, Herve, Yves Duthen, and Rene Caubet. "A 4D Ray Tracing." Computer Graphics Forum 12, no. 3 (August 1993): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8659.1230285.

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32

Robb, Paul, and Barbara Pawlowski. "Computer ray tracing speeds." Applied Optics 29, no. 13 (May 1, 1990): 1933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.29.001933.

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33

Dias, M. L. "Ray tracing interference color." IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 11, no. 2 (March 1991): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/38.75591.

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34

Matsuoka, Toshifumi, and Teruya Ezaka. "Ray tracing using reciprocity." GEOPHYSICS 57, no. 2 (February 1992): 326–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443246.

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Conventional ray‐tracing techniques like the shooting method have many difficulties when applied to tomography analysis. For example, (1) head waves are generally not included, (2) a single raypath is generally assumed for each pair of source and receiver, (3) large computation time is required in a cell structure model for many source‐receiver pairs, and (4) it is difficult to find a raypath in a complicated velocity structure. A new ray‐tracing technique can overcome these difficulties. This technique is based on the two well‐known principles: the reciprocity principle and Fermat’s principle. The algorithm is divided into two steps: (1) calculating the traveltime of first break at each grid point, and (2) estimating raypaths using calculated traveltime data. In this second step, we use total traveltime which is the sum of traveltime from a source point and that from a receiver point. A minimum of the total traveltime represents first break raypaths. Therefore, the method can treat not only a single first‐break raypath, but also multipaths very easily. Also the method can be applied to ray tracing for reflected waves since stationary points of the total traveltime along the reflection boundary become reflection points. Examples using simple models show that this method is an appropriate ray‐tracing approach for a cell model.
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35

Červený, Vlastislav, and José Eduardo P. Soares. "Fresnel volume ray tracing." GEOPHYSICS 57, no. 7 (July 1992): 902–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443303.

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The concept of “Fresnel volume ray tracing” consists of standard ray tracing, supplemented by a computation of parameters defining the first Fresnel zones at each point of the ray. The Fresnel volume represents a 3-D spatial equivalent of the Fresnel zone that can also be called a physical ray. The shape of the Fresnel volume depends on the position of the source and the receiver, the structure between them, and the type of body wave under consideration. In addition, the shape also depends on frequency: it is narrow for a high frequency and thick for a low frequency. An efficient algorithm for Fresnel volume ray tracing, based on the paraxial ray method, is proposed. The evaluation of the parameters defining the first Fresnel zone merely consists of a simple algebraic manipulation of the elements of the ray propagator matrix. The proposed algorithm may be applied to any high‐frequency seismic body wave propagating in a laterally varying 2-D or 3-D layered structure (P, S, converted, multiply reflected, etc.). Numerical examples of Fresnel volume ray tracing in 2-D inhomogeneous layered structures are presented. Certain interesting properties of Fresnel volumes are discussed (e.g., the double caustic effect). Fresnel volume ray tracing offers numerous applications in seismology and seismic prospecting. Among others, it can be used to study the resolution of the seismic method and the validity conditions of the ray method.
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36

Akimoto, T., K. Mase, and Y. Suenaga. "Pixel-selected ray tracing." IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 11, no. 4 (July 1991): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/38.126876.

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37

Forsberg, Per-Anders. "Fully discrete ray tracing." Applied Acoustics 18, no. 6 (1985): 393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-682x(85)90021-0.

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38

Aguado, F., A. Formella, J. M. Hernando, and F. Isasi. "Ray-tracing acceleration techniques." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 25, no. 5 (June 5, 2000): 363–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2760(20000605)25:5<363::aid-mop20>3.0.co;2-4.

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39

YAGEL, RONI, and JOHN MEEKER. "Priority-driven Ray Tracing." Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation 8, no. 1 (January 1997): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1778(199701)8:1<17::aid-vis154>3.0.co;2-m.

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40

Akimoto, Takaaki, and Kenji Mase. "Pixel-selected ray-tracing." Systems and Computers in Japan 18, no. 11 (1987): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scj.4690181105.

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41

Scherson, Isaac D. "Foundations of ray tracing." Visual Computer 6, no. 3 (May 1990): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01911002.

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42

Hofmann, Georg Rainer. "Who invented ray tracing?" Visual Computer 6, no. 3 (May 1990): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01911003.

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43

Ho, Arthur. "Geometrical ray-tracing: a ‘ray free’ method." Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 10, no. 4 (October 1990): 389–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1313.1990.tb00887.x.

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44

Chen, Guan-Jye, F. Cerrina, Karl F. Voss, K. Hyde Kim, and Frederick C. Brown. "Ray-tracing of X-ray focusing capillaries." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 347, no. 1-3 (August 1994): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(94)91918-6.

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45

Yu, Zheng. "Ray Tracing in Computer Graphics." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 24 (December 27, 2022): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v24i.3900.

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The research is about the development of light and shadow in video games on the Internet, and also to compare the light and shadow effects displayed on video game screens using different techniques. Then, the types and history of ray tracing technology are explained, its working principle is studied, and its pros and cons are analyzed. After the research, this paper finally determined that a viable ray tracing technique in the current society is hybrid ray tracing, which is a combination of forward and backward ray tracing. Because forward ray tracing methods are too inefficient while backward ray tracing methods cannot calculate and render the light entering in front of the lens. By studying 3 main hybrid ray tracing, their advantages, disadvantages and suitable application scenarios are analyzed and determined in detail. Finally, the development and improvement of the technology in recent years are discussed. Currently, analyses of a particular ray tracing technology do exist in the market. However, there are still few articles that explore all available ray tracing technologies, taking the reader through the history and current state of ray tracing development and giving developers a more visual comparison to help them choose the most appropriate technology for the scenarios they want to develop.
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46

Kim, Chun-Won. "The Axial-displaced gregorian antenna design using Ray-tracing Method." Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 42, no. 6 (June 1, 2014): 515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2014.42.6.515.

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47

Quatresooz, Florian, Simon Demey, and Claude Oestges. "Tracking of Interaction Points for Improved Dynamic Ray Tracing." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 70, no. 7 (July 2021): 6291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3081766.

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48

Arter, Wayne, Elizabeth Surrey, and Damian B. King. "The SMARDDA Approach to Ray Tracing and Particle Tracking." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 43, no. 9 (September 2015): 3323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2015.2458897.

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49

Tang, Haisong, Zexin Feng, Dewen Cheng, and Yongtian Wang. "Parallel ray tracing through freeform lenses with NURBS surfaces." Chinese Optics Letters 21, no. 5 (2023): 052201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202321.052201.

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50

Vavryčuk, Václav. "On numerically solving the complex eikonal equation using real ray-tracing methods: A comparison with the exact analytical solution." GEOPHYSICS 77, no. 4 (July 1, 2012): T109—T116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2011-0431.1.

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The exact analytical solution of the complex eikonal equation describing P- and S-waves radiated by a point source situated in a simple type of isotropic viscoelastic medium was ascertained. The velocity-attenuation model is smoothly inhomogeneous with a constant gradient of the square of the complex slowness. The resultant traveltime is complex; its real part describes the wave propagation and its imaginary part describes the attenuation effects. The solution was further used as a reference solution for numerical tests of the accuracy and robustness of two approximate ray-tracing approaches solving the complex eikonal equation: real elastic ray tracing and real viscoelastic ray tracing. Numerical modeling revealed that the real viscoelastic ray tracing method is unequivocally preferable to elastic ray tracing. It is more accurate and works even in situations when the elastic ray tracing fails. Also, the ray fields calculated by the real viscoelastic ray tracing are excellently reproduced even in the case when the elastic ray tracing yields completely distorted results. Compared with complex ray tracing, which is limited to simple types of media, the real viscoelastic ray tracing offers a fast and computationally straightforward procedure for calculating complex traveltimes in complicated 3D inhomogeneous attenuating structures.
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