Journal articles on the topic 'Raw materials – government policy'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Raw materials – government policy.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Raw materials – government policy.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Setyagama, Azis, Wawan Susilo, Purwanto, and Muchammad Su’ud. "Indonesian Government Policy in Increasing State Revenue Through Raw Material Export Prohibitions." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18, no. 5 (March 13, 2024): e05409. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n5-018.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: To increase state income and revenues by prohibiting the export of raw materials, especially mining and mineral materials, by converting raw materials into semi-finished or finished materials so that added value can be added.
Method: This study uses normative legal research which examines the policies of the Indonesian government as outlined in Law No. 4 of 2009 concerning Minerals and Coal, which prohibits raw mining and mineral materials from being exported abroad. The research approach is through a qualitative juridical approach, namely by examining it from a legal standpoint as well as providing explanations related to the ban on the export of minerals and minerals.
Results and Conclusions: The policy of prohibiting the export of raw mining and mineral materials generates greater state income and revenue, because it gets a large added value by imposing high taxes, and also opens up employment opportunities and reduces unemployment in Indonesia.
Research implications: The Indonesian government's policy of prohibiting the export of mineral and mineral raw materials raises pros and cons in the country, but the Indonesian government remains adamant that this policy is to increase state revenues and revenues, added value and employment. Overseas, the government's policy of banning the export of mineral and mineral raw materials is opposed by the United States and the European Union because it will harm them as importers of mineral and raw materials from Indonesia
Originality/value: Importing countries of mining and mineral raw materials such as China, the United States and Europe have established mining and mineral raw material (Smelteer) processing companies in Indonesia.
2
Hermawan, Erwan, Nur Anis Hadiyati, Adiarso Adiarso, Ermawan Darma Setiyadi, Siti Zunuraen, Dudi Hidayat, Anwar Wahyudi, and Hartini Ahadiyatur Ru’yi. "CHALLENGES AND POLICY SUPPORTS IN INDONESIAN PHARMACEUTICAL RAW MATERIALS INDUSTRY." Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia 11, no. 2 (November 9, 2023): 196–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jaki.v11i2.2023.196-211.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Indonesian pharmaceutical industry is experiencing many challenges, spesficically their raw materials mostly are imported products. Several factors that cause the pharmaceutical raw materials industry to be challenging are lack of mastery of technology, lack of government support, low budget for R&D, high costs of development and time consuming, and low innovation incentives. Aims: This study aims to conduct a study on the strategies for developing the pharmaceutical raw material industry in Indonesia Methods: This study employed a qualitative method, the data triangulation gathered from interviews and discussions with several industries and institutions. The study was conducted for six months in 2022. Results: The policies that are required to be implemented to make the pharmaceutical raw materials industry thrive are (i) the presence of a clear grand strategy, (ii) determining the priority of pharmaceutical raw materials based on industrial needs, (iii) protecting domestic products, (iv) increasing health spending, (v) strengthening basic chemical product, and (vi) increasing the budget for R&D. Conclusion: Some policies that can be enhanced include providing incentives and policies that favor the local pharmaceutical raw material industry, ranging from regulated prices, putting an end to dependence on imported products, tax incentives, domestic products protection through import tariff policies, energy subsidies, technology transfers, et cetera. Keywords: pharmaceutical raw materials, policy, pharmaceutical
3
Bespalko, Denis. "Features of Development of the Raw Material Sector of the Economy in the Zabaikalsk Territory during the Period of Existence of the Far Eastern Republic (1920-1922)." Journal of Economic History and History of Economics 20, no. 4 (December 28, 2019): 640–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-2488.2019.20(4).640-664.
Full textAbstract:
The article analyzed understudied state policy of the government of Far Eastern Republic aimed at state monopolization of the areas of harvesting, storage and trade of fur and raw materials in the Transbaikal region. The research conducted a comprehensive analysis of legislative enactments that evolved from strictly prohibitive measures against free trade operations of fur-raw material market to cancellation of the restrictions. The author analyzed government regulations, the consequences of the ban of the free trade of raw materials and their free export abroad. All kinds of fur, medicinal-technical raw materials and raw materials of other origin, obtained from domestic breeds of animals were subject to those state regulations. This policy had very limited effect due to the absence of an extensive branch of the executive power on the ground and unwillingness of the population to obey the laws that infringed on their trade rights. With entry into force of various kinds of bans, the black market of the fur-raw material operations flourished. Along the border with China the smuggling did not stop. The attempt to deal with the criminal phenomenon failed because the customs was in a poorly organized state. Eventually the government and the Council of Ministers of the Republic realized that the existing regulations hindered the development of the raw materials sector of the economy and lead to public discontent. They eventually reversed the monopoly law and a number of related enactments and reintroduced free trade of furs and raw materials. The author concluded that this emergency policy was flawed. Due to the general lack of preparation of the executive branch of government, legislative measures aimed at the state monopolization of the commodity market failed to bring under state control the procurement system and the most important counter-currency. As a result, the market returned to free trade relations.
4
Zaidun, Muchammad, Yuniarti, and Widhayani Dian Pawestri. "Investor Legitimate Expectation and Indirect Expropriation in Domestic Regulation Concerning the Application of Domestic Raw Application." Yuridika 37, no. 2 (August 29, 2022): 457–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v37i2.36278.
Full textAbstract:
Law No 11/2020 concerning Job Creation (Omnibus Law’) mandates the use of domestic raw materials for all industries in Indonesia. Following the passage of the Omnibus Law, Indonesia issued Government Regulation No 28/2021 concerning Industrial Management and Presidential Regulation No 12/2021 concerning the amendment of Presidential Regulation No 16/2018 concerning Government Procurement of Goods and Services. Both regulations oblige all industries in Indonesia to use domestic raw materials pursuant to the Omnibus Law. In investment law, this kind of policy could lead to indirect expropriation because when an investor makes an investment in a host country, the raw material and machines for production might come from their home state or other states. Furthermore, a public-private partnership contract with investors funding infrastructure projects for at least 50 years using materials agreed upon in advance will lead to indirect expropriation. The method used in this research was legal research theory with statute and conceptual approaches. From this research, the policy of the Indonesian government can be described as indirect expropriation because the regulation is effective and enforced.
5
Setyagama, Azis, Wawan Susilo, Purwanto, Eko Wahyono, and Muchamad Su’ud. "INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT POLICY PROHIBITS THE EXPORT OF NICKEL ORE IN THE FORM OF RAW MATERIALS." Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 12, no. 2 (February 29, 2024): e1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v12i2.1163.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: The purpose of this research is to critically examine the Indonesian Government's policy of prohibiting the export of nickel ore and its implications from a legal, regulatory, and economic perspective. By conducting a thorough analysis of relevant regulations, including Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation (Permen ESDM) No. 11 of 2019, this study aims to elucidate the rationale behind the prohibition and assess its impact on Indonesia's economic sovereignty, value addition in the nickel industry, and international trade relations. Additionally, the research seeks to provide recommendations to stakeholders, particularly the Indonesian Government, on navigating the challenges and opportunities associated with the nickel ore export prohibition, with a view toward promoting sustainable economic development and maximizing the benefits derived from the country's mineral resources. Theoretical framework: This research uses a multidisciplinary theoretical framework to analyze the Indonesian Government's policy of prohibiting nickel ore exports. It uses normative legal theory, constitutional law, administrative law, resource curse theory, export-led growth theory, trade policy analysis, state sovereignty, political economy perspectives, and international relations theory to understand the policy's implications on legal, economic, and political dynamics at domestic and international levels. Design/Methodology/Approach: This research uses a mixed-methods approach, combining normative legal research with qualitative analysis, to examine the Indonesian Government's policy of prohibiting nickel ore exports. It examines the legal framework, aligns with international norms, and gathers insights from stakeholders through interviews, document analysis, and thematic analysis. The findings are then analyzed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the policy's legal, economic, and socio-political dimensions. Findings: The Indonesian Government's policy of prohibiting nickel ore exports has led to increased value addition, employment opportunities, and technology transfer. This policy aligns with Indonesia's sovereignty over its natural resources, aligns with international obligations, and enjoys domestic support. The policy has potential long-term implications for sustainable development and strategic positioning, highlighting the need for a holistic approach to resource management and international trade relations. Research, Practical & Social Implication: The research provides a comprehensive analysis of Indonesia's policy of prohibiting nickel ore exports, offering insights for future studies. It also informs comparative studies, policy design, diplomatic engagement, and social implications. The policy's potential for economic development and environmental protection is highlighted, promoting sustainable management of Indonesia's mineral resources. Originality/Value: This research explores Indonesia's policy prohibiting nickel ore exports, focusing on its economic, legal, and socio-political implications. It uses a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating legal, economic, and political perspectives. The empirical data from stakeholder interviews and document analysis provides valuable insights. The findings have practical implications for policymakers and international actors in resource governance and sustainable development.
6
Yanita, Mirawati, Zulkifli Alamsyah, Gina Fauzia, Ernawati Hamid, and Dompak Napitupulu. "Development prospects of Indonesia's biodiesel industry: A study of raw material, market, and policy aspects." E3S Web of Conferences 373 (2023): 04021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337304021.
Full textAbstract:
Biodiesel is a fuel substitute for diesel which is considered more environmentally friendly because the raw materials used come from a mixture of palm vegetable oil, increasing production. The emergence of black palm oil campaigns in several importing countries has encouraged the urgency of biodiesel development in Indonesia. This study aims to; photograph the development of the Indonesian biodiesel industry and describe the development prospects of the Indonesian biodiesel industry in terms of raw materials, markets and policies. This research method uses descriptive analysis to examine the chances of developing the Indonesian biodiesel industry regarding raw materials, markets, and policies. The results showed that; the development of the Indonesian biodiesel industry continues to increase when viewed from the aspects of increasingly large raw materials, promising markets, and policies. It will continue to be studied and updated by the Indonesian government, so it is hoped that this biodiesel can significantly replace imported diesel and absorb Indonesian palm oil. The biodiesel industry in Indonesia has an extensive prospect to continue after implementing the B-30, which was first implemented in 2020. It can be achieved by paying attention to the available raw materials used in the biodiesel industry.
7
Gunawan, Yordan, Muhammad Nur Rifqi Amirullah, and Mohammad Hazyar Arumbinang. "ICJ Jurisdiction Over the Case of Policy to Stop Nickel Exports: European Union v. Indonesia." Jambe Law Journal 6, no. 1 (May 29, 2023): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jlj.6.1.1-22.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this paper is to explore the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) regarding the European Union's legal action against Indonesia in response to Indonesia's policy to halt the export of raw materials derived from nickel ore. The research methodology employed for this paper is normative legal research, relying primarily on legal materials that encompass normative law for data collection. The outcome of this study indicates that Indonesia has implemented a measure to cease the export of raw materials derived from nickel ore, leading to the domestic downstream management of mineral resources within the country. In addition, the purpose of the export stop is the strong desire of the Indonesian government so that all raw materials are managed domestically and can invite investors from abroad to invest in Indonesia. However, the European Union (EU), as one of the enthusiasts and consumers of nickel ore raw materials, objected to the policy issued by Indonesia. The form of objection from the EU is to sue Indonesia to the WTO. The EU objected to the policies issued by the Indonesian government because they could interfere with various policies taken by the EU. The policy is expected that in 2050 the EU will be free from CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the EU argues that the cost of nickel ore, once domestically managed, is anticipated to undergo a significant increase, surpassing the prevailing market price. The author scrutinizes the jurisdictional aspects regulated by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) within this context
8
Syamsuddin, Azrin, and Akhmad Fauzi. "Policy Strategy for The Use of Cantrang Fishing Tools." JURNAL AGRIBISAINS 9, no. 2 (October 1, 2023): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jagi.v9i2.8478.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to: 1) recommendations on the use of cantrang fishing gear (API) in Paciran District, Lamongan Regency, East Java, 2) integrating a participatory approach for the government and cantrang fishermen in their activities. Quantitative method, and purposive sample selection. Data collection October - November 2019. 20 respondents were selected for the multi-criteria assessment. Stakeholders consist of central and regional regulators, fisherman groups in the research location. Stakeholders know the options for action, and produce: 1) program-based evaluation of policies; 2) Evaluation based on Policies to Scenario. Hypotheses: a) Conservation, b) Economy, c) Integration, d) Smartfish. Data were analyzed using Multipol. The revitalization program and product quality are closer to the fish map and fisherman training programs. Conservation policies, closer to infrastructure programs, marine tourism, fish maps, and fishermen training. Each policy scores on the scenario, superior production policies on the demand side scenario, raw material and income policies have a higher score on the supply side scenario. Best average score on revenue policy, followed by raw materials, conservation and production. Income, conservation, production and raw material policies can be implemented in supply-side and demand-side scenarios. Results of Actions and Policy, the highest scores on marine tourism, infrastructure, fishermen training, and fish maps; The results of Action on Policy, marine tourism are determined by fishermen's infrastructure, and the quality of fishermen's products, raw material policies, supporting infrastructure programs, fish maps, and fishermen's training with the highest scores. Development of raw materials, relying on infrastructure, fish map technology, fishermen training, so that fishermen are more reliable. Scenario and Policy Results, policies on income, conservation, production and raw materials, can be implemented in supply side and demand side scenarios (infrastructure and marine tourism).
9
Hillman, John. "Bolivia and British Tin Policy, 1939–1945." Journal of Latin American Studies 22, no. 1-2 (March 1990): 289–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00015467.
Full textAbstract:
During the Second World War, Bolivia became the single most important source of tin for the Allies. As with other Latin American countries who were placed in the position of supplying essential raw materials,1 Bolivia confronted a situation where the operation of normal market forces was suspended. Access to Axis markets was denied, and prices were set through government intervention, often at widely divergent levels in different markets. As a result, the impression was created that the poor producers were prevented from enjoying a wartime bonanza by exploitative collusion on the part of the rich consumers.
10
Hamdamov, Behzod Kh. "THE POLICY OF RESETTLEMENT OF RUSSIANS TO THE TERRITORY OF TURKESTAN, TURNING IT INTO A RAW MATERIAL BASE FOR COTTON." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 02, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-12-24.
Full textAbstract:
One of the motives for the subjugation of Central Asia was the desire of tsarism to turn it into a colonization area for the resettlement of peasants from the central provinces of Russia. However, Uzbekistan did little to justify the calculations of the tsarist government, since there was no free irrigated land. Peasant colonization became widespread only on the territory of Kazakhstan and northern Kyrgyzstan. The resettlement of Russian peasants was often accompanied by a violent seizure of the lands of the indigenous population. The kulak settlers exploited both the local population and the Russian poor. The tsarist government attached great importance to the resettlement of part of the peasants of Russian villages to Central Asia in order to mitigate the social contradictions in Russia caused by the lack of land in connection with the development of capitalist relations in Russian agriculture. Already in 1869, rules on peasant settlements in Semirechye were developed, which created favorable conditions for the influx of Russian settlers. During the period from 1888 to 1916, the sowing of cotton increased by almost 10 times (from 68.5 thousand dessiatins to 680 thousand 911 dessiatins), and the gross cotton harvest increased by almost 7 times (from 2.27 million poods per year). 1879 to 14.9 million poods – in 1916) The area of irrigated land and the production of agricultural products increased significantly, the range of agricultural sectors expanded. Cotton attracted Russian capital to Central Asia. At least 30 of the largest trading companies were engaged in its production and purchase. The main creditors were the largest banks in Russia
11
Sadirsan, Erwin Susanto, Hermanto Siregar, Eriyatno ., and Evita H. Legowo. "Case Study of Biomass Development Policy Model in West Sumbawa Region." KnE Energy 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ken.v2i2.361.
Full textAbstract:
<p>This study aims to develop renewable energy policy models concerning biomass for rural electrification; to identify factors that influence price of feed in tariff determination, in particular wood-based biomass,; and designing the role of social forest as raw materials for bio-pellet industry in sustainable supply chain. Research method using soft systems methodology is the application of Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) and Strategic Assumption Surfacing and Testing (SAST). The results showed that key elements of development policy model are feasible biomass energy tariff, competent human resources, coordination among related local government offices and community participation. It requires support regulatory from local governments, inventory of land use and forest area, and support of community leaders.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: bio-pellet industry; feed in tariff; Interpretative Structural Modeling ; SAST; social forest</p>
12
Mang'ana, Kulwa, Revelian Ngaiza, and Michael Paul. "Unlocking the potential of Tanzania's cashew processing industry: A comparative analysis with Côte d’Ivoire and Mozambique." F1000Research 13 (February 16, 2024): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.143364.1.
Full textAbstract:
Cashew processing is a vital contributor to economic growth in Tanzania, renowned for its cashew nut production. However, despite the country’s historical prominence in cashew production, only 5% of raw cashews undergo local processing, resulting in substantial economic losses. This paper explores the challenges and opportunities within Tanzania’s cashew processing industry, focusing on limited local processing capacity, inefficient tools, raw material availability, market access, and government support. Comparative insights from Côte d’Ivoire and Mozambique further enrich our understanding of the cashew sector. It recommends increasing local processing capacity, enhancing technical expertise through training, ensuring a reliable supply of high-quality raw materials, improving market access via information systems, and strengthening government support with tailored policy frameworks. Notably, the paper emphasizes regional collaboration among African cashew-producing nations as a crucial strategy for collective growth and knowledge exchange. By drawing upon their experiences, this study aims to provide guidance for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and investors to revitalize and sustain Tanzania’s cashew processing sector.
13
Wei, Jialun. "The Economic Impact of Geopolitical Conflict: Energy, Markets, and Policy Recommendations." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 30, no. 1 (November 10, 2023): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/30/20231462.
Full textAbstract:
The Russia-Ukraine war leads to profound economic impact on energy markets, international industrial chains, and government inflation controls. Shortages of energy supply and rising energy prices are creating problems for both energy consumers and energy suppliers. Changes in the energy supply structure and the international energy system have brought new patterns to the international energy market. The war disrupted the international industrial chain, causing shortages of critical raw materials and parts, affecting the production and operations of many enterprises. The whole globe was forced to take steps to mitigate the effects of war on inflation. This research aims to find the economic impact of this significant geopolitical conflict, with respects to energy, market and policy recommendations. The research believes that it will be quite significant for governments and firms to peacefully stop the conflicts, or it will continuously disturb the global economy and make a few countries in great trouble. For international communities, they can make efforts to promote peaceful solutions to the conflict.
14
Aushafi, Hafizhah, and Dadan Suryadipura. "South Korea's Trade Diplomacy Strategy towards the Netherlands in Dealing with Japan's Semiconductor Raw Material Protection Policy during 2019-2022." Global Local Interactions: Journal of International Relations 3, no. 2 (December 22, 2023): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/gli.v3i2.26773.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study was to elucidate South Korea's trade diplomacyendeavors in augmenting trade and investment in the Netherlands during the timeframe of 2019-2022. The author employs the notions of economic diplomacy and trade diplomacy from the Okano-Heijmans conceptual framework to elucidate the essence of the research. During the 2019-2022 timeframe, South Korea has implemented trade diplomacy efforts aimed at enhancing its potential to export products, particularly semiconductors. The implementation of a safeguard policy for Japanese semiconductor raw materials is a response to constraints in the availability of raw materials, as well as the trade conflict between the United States and China, which has repercussions for South Korea's trade ties with Japan. To enhance exports, the South Korean government is implementing several trade diplomacy initiatives, including engaging in commerce through Foreign Trade Agreements and promoting investment through bilateral relations focused on both government and private sector involvement, particularly with the Netherlands. In addition, South Korean representatives visited ASML, a Dutch company that manufactures semiconductor production machinery. Nevertheless, South Korea must confront some obstacles in order to succeed in the semiconductor trade battle, particularly the imperative for quality advancement. In this paper, the author will also explore the investment prospects of South Korea for the Netherlands.
15
Husein, Mohammad Bustanol, Fatoni Arif, Erina Saputri, and Achmad Resa Fachrizi. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 9 TAHUN 2018 CONCERNING PROCEDURES FOR CONTROLLING THE IMPORT OF FISHERY COMMODITIES AND SALT COMMODITIES AS RAW MATERIALS AUXILIARY MATERIALS FOR INDUSTRY IN PAMEKASAN REGENCY." dia 19, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/dia.v19i2.5761.
Full textAbstract:
The Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 9 Tahun 2018 concerning Procedures for Controlling Imports of Fishery Commodities and Salt Commodities as Raw Materials and Auxiliary Materials stipulates permits to import industrial salt. This study aims to provide an overview of the implementation of the Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 9 Tahun 2018 concerning Procedures for Controlling Imports of Fishery Commodities and Salt Commodities as Raw Materials and Industrial Auxiliary Materials for Pamekasan Regency. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research design. Data collection techniques were carried out by interviews, and documentation. Findings in the field show that the implementation of this policy has an unfavorable impact because it cannot be felt by the target group, this can be explained by two variables of content of policy and context of policy which consists of 9 indicators, there are 6 indicators that show negative things, namely: interests affected there are 2 parties whose interests are influenced, namely salt farmers and local agencies, the type of benefits is less beneficial in the welfare of salt farmers because they do not understand the wishes of farmers, extent of change envisioned shows a less positive impact due to the lack of understanding of salt farmers on the salt land integration model, site of decision making this policy eliminates the authority of the KKP to determine the amount of import quotas, committed human resources with an average education level of salt farmers from elementary to junior high school. Financial resources, income earned by salt farmers are decreasing, policy compliance and responsiveness is not profitable for salt farmers, because the Government does not provide clear price standards, import quota restrictions are not adjusted to the needs of the recipient's location, and there are no clear rules on when to load and unload imported salt.
16
Illiyyina, Izzah, and Arimurti Kriswibowo. "Respon Industri Kecil Menengah (IKM) di Provinsi Jawa Timur Pada Kebijakan Sertifikasi Halal." Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 22, no. 2 (July 26, 2022): 1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v22i2.2378.
Full textAbstract:
Policy implementation has changed along with policy-oriented learning with increasing knowledge of problem parameters and factors influencing policy changes. The government establishes a halal certification policy as a systematic step to provide halal safety guarantees for producers and consumers. The halal certification policy itself changed and reaped the pros and cons, especially on the obligation to have a halal certificate for business actors with halal raw materials. Small and medium scale industries actor’s are also directly affected by this policy. Therefore, this study aims to measure the response of small and medium industries in East Java Province. This study uses a descriptive quantitative method with a sample of 400 small and medium-sized industrial business actors in East Java Province. The results of the study indicate that the halal certification policy plays a significant role for small and medium industry business actors, but the majority of the 400 samples do not know that the halal certification policy has changed. This is a separate evaluation for the government to be more optimal in socializing policy changes because of these changes. It will mean a great deal to the communities concerned.
17
Millia, Heppi, Ernawati Ernawati, and Heriberta Heriberta. "Do foreign direct investment, trade and their interactions affect economic growth in Indonesia?" Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah 11, no. 1 (April 30, 2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v11i1.22698.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the direct and indirect impacts of foreign direct investment, exports, and imports on Indonesia's long-term and short-term economic growth. To this end, we used quarterly data for 2005.1–2021.4 sourced from Statistics Indonesia, the Bank of Indonesia, and the Bank of St. Louis. The analytical tools employed were the autoregressive model of the lag distribution (ARDL) and the error correction model (ECM-ARDL). Findings showed that foreign direct investment, exports, and imports directly affected Indonesia's economic growth. However, while the two formers had an impact only in the short run, the latter also did so in the long run. In addition, foreign direct investment also indirectly influenced economic growth through exports in the short and long run, whereas this was not the case with imports. Based on these findings, we argue for policy recommendations. To begin with, the government should encourage foreign direct investment, which may gradually replace imported raw materials with local raw resources, thereby creating an upstream connection while slowing the rate of imports. Furthermore, the government needs to adopt a policy of downstream processing of primary commodities into industrial commodities to increase export value and expand employment opportunities.
18
Kuizinaitė, Jurgita, Mangirdas Morkūnas, and Artiom Volkov. "Assessment of the Most Appropriate Measures for Mitigation of Risks in the Agri-Food Supply Chain." Sustainability 15, no. 12 (June 10, 2023): 9378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15129378.
Full textAbstract:
The present paper embarks on an investigation of the main risks associated with agri-food supply chains. A total of 11 key risks, namely Natural disasters of a global or local scale; Workers’ strikes; Change in government regulations or safety standards; Supply chain disruptions due to social or political unrest; Short term raw materials or products (expiration issue); Seasonality; Food safety incidents; Lack of smooth interconnection with other chain participants and Market and pricing strategies, economic crises and seven root risks (Natural disasters of a global or local scale; Workers’ strikes; Change in government regulations or safety standards; Rapid deterioration of raw materials (expiration) due to seasonality; Food safety incidents; Fraud in the food sector; Market and pricing strategies, economic crises) are applicable to all four stages of the agri-food supply chains were identified. An expert survey together with the Best-Worst Multi Criteria Decision Making method was employed as the main research tools. The most important root risks for agri-food supply chains are natural disasters of a global or local scale; workers’ strikes; change in government regulations or safety standards; rapid deterioration of raw materials (expiration), seasonality; food safety incidents; fraud in the food sector; market and pricing strategies economic crises. The most appropriate risk mitigation measures for each of the root risks were derived and assessed.
19
Hakim, Lukmanul. "THE POLICY MODEL OF DIGITAL-BASED MICRO-BUSINESS ASSISTANCE FOR ECONOMIC RECOVERY DURING THE PANDEMIC." Indonesia Private Law Review 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/iplr.v2i2.2312.
Full textAbstract:
Micro-businesses have an essential role in driving an economic revival in Indonesia. However, they are particularly vulnerable during the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the long-term viability of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in the financing, production, distribution, and market demand. This paper argues that an assistance policy model for micro-businesses accelerating the economy during a pandemic is needed. It also raises the question of how government policies in developing micro-businesses. The library method, which relied on secondary data, was used to conduct the research. The result suggests that the ideal assistance model policy for MSMEs in accelerating the regional economy is by using platform-based digital technology so that the flexibility of purchasing raw materials to sales can be integrated into one and reach all consumers around the world. Government policies in developing MSMEs in the new normal era include launching the National Economic Recovery Program, as mandated by Government Regulation Number 23 of 2020, implementing stimulus programs for MSMEs such as interest subsidies and restructuring.
20
Lubis, Tri Murti. "A AKIBAT HUKUM PEMBATALAN PERJANJIAN BILATERAL TERKAIT PINJAMAN KEPADA CHINA DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM INTERNASIONAL." Res Nullius Law Journal 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/rnlj.v3i1.3830.
Full textAbstract:
The One Belt One Road (OBOR) project initiated by the Chinese Government has gripped countries in the international community. Especially to Southeast Asia, where Malaysia and Indonesia are borrowing countries to China. Replacement of government in Malaysia related to corruption cases 1 MDB, resulting in changes in government policy Malaysia. The cancellation basis, because all the raw materials or the materials used are from China following also engineers and unskilled laborers, thus causing a massive migration from China to Malaysia. In the case of this cancellation, of course, the legal consequences for Malaysia as a borrowing country and China as a lending country. Unlike Indonesia, which until now, it is known that the Indonesian Government has established bilateral relations with the Chinese Government in terms of infrastructure development, such as: toll road and airport in Indonesia. The main problem in this study, namely if this bilateral dispute is brought to the International Court of Justice, is the mechanism for executing an international court decision to be issued later.
21
Petersen, Thieß. "Strategische Handelspolitik 2.0." Wirtschaftsdienst 103, no. 5 (May 1, 2023): 326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/wd-2023-0099.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The theory of strategic trade policy came into being in the early 1980s. It addressed the question of how a country can increase its own economic welfare through state intervention in the case of oligopolistic world markets. Today, there are many reasons that justify government intervention in foreign trade: Cluster risks in importing raw materials and intermediate inputs, different responses to the negative externalities of greenhouse gas emissions, monopolies in the digital economy, and the growing importance of geopolitical considerations. These developments are likely to lead to a renaissance of strategic trade policy interventions, i.e. subsidies, investment controls and trade restrictions, to name only the most important ones.
22
Trummer, Patrick, Gloria Ammerer, and Marco Scherz. "Sustainable Consumption and Production in the Extraction and Processing of Raw Materials—Measures Sets for Achieving SDG Target 12.2." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (September 2, 2022): 10971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710971.
Full textAbstract:
As part of the European Green Deal, the European Commission recently launched the project “New European Bauhaus of the 21st Century” to promote climate-neutral, affordable, and creative design approaches and transform the built environment towards sustainability. Based on a forecasting and backcasting approach, we developed three sets of measures containing eighteen individual measures, with the overall aim of reducing the consumption of mineral raw materials in line with the sustainability strategies (consistency, efficiency, and sufficiency) from exploration through material processing, to semi-finished product production. The developed measures address in detail the reduction of primary raw material consumption, the increased use of secondary raw materials, and the intensification of access to important domestic raw material sources, as well as the efficiency and productivity progression of the Austrian raw material industry. The implementation of the measures will raise the transparency and traceability of raw material routes, material flows, and supply chains through improved and comprehensive data collection and processing. The developed measures were handed over to the Austrian Federal Government in February 2022 to push the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12 in Austria.
23
Dicky and Nurmasyahyati. "Kebijakan Pemerintah dalam Pemberdayaan Industri Rumah Tangga (Pisang Sale) Untuk Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Keluarga” (Studi di Kecamatan Langkahan, Kabupaten Aceh Utara)." JAKTABANGUN: Jurnal Akuntansi dan Pembangunan 10, no. 1 (April 17, 2024): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.56857/jaktabangun.v10i1.168.
Full textAbstract:
The focus of this research is on "Government Policy in Empowering Home Industries to Improve Family Welfare" taking the research location in Tanggaan District, North Aceh Regency. The aim of this research is to describe government policy in empowering home industries (banana sales) and its obstacles in improving family welfare. The type of research used is a descriptive qualitative approach using techniques to obtain data through interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis techniques are carried out through data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions (verification). The informants used were 11 people who were determined purposively, consisting of the sub-district head, community leaders, gampong geuchik and home industry business managers in Tanggaan District. The research results show that government policy in empowering home industries (banana sales) is realized through actions to provide awareness, provide intellectual capacity (human resources) such as abilities, knowledge, skills, facilitation of business capital. The problem is that 21 home industries in Stepan District generate an average income of IDR 5,000,000 to IDR 7,000,000 per month. However, they have not been able to develop their business optimally and continuously, because the government has never carried out empowerment. The conclusion is that government policy in empowering home industry is realized through actions to provide awareness, provide intellectual capacity (human resources) such as knowledge, know-how and skills, facilitate business capital. This policy has not been realized effectively, because there are still various obstacles such as low individual awareness, minimal human resources such as ability, knowledge and skills, limited working capital, minimal marketing activities and limited raw materials. It is recommended that the government take empowerment actions for home industry businesses, so that they can increase family income, improve human resources, facilitate access to capital, and expand marketing activities.
Keywords: "Policy, Government, and Home Industry"
24
Andronova, Inna V., Lubinda Haabazoka, and Aaron Mwewa Kasonde. "The government policy of Zambia on attracting foreign direct investment and its effectiveness." RUDN Journal of Economics 30, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2022-30-1-33-44.
Full textAbstract:
Investment policy has always played one of the most important roles in the development of the national economy. Foreign direct investment is interconnected with the activities of multinational companies and the opportunities that can be obtained by the host country. The article reveals the investment policy of Zambia and the role played by the public sector in it. The identified competitive advantages prove that Zambia has significant investment potential even though the country does not have direct access to the sea. Significant reserves of mineral raw materials confirm the energy and resource security of the economy, which is the area for investment by both national and foreign companies. The authors pay attention to several important problems of socio-economic significance, which complicate the effective and full functioning of the economy. The authors found that there are not enough studies in the domestic and foreign literature on the investment potential of Zambia. The study of inward investment activity showed that free economic zones are the most effective tool for attracting FDI, while the extractive sector remains the most attractive in this area. A comparative analysis of the disadvantages and advantages of the Zambian economy, conducted by the authors, proves that the state has the necessary elements of investment attractiveness. However, it was noted that the arrival of investments in the country should also meet the socio-economic interests of the state.
25
Andronova, Inna V., Lubinda Haabazoka, and Aaron Mwewa Kasonde. "The government policy of Zambia on attracting foreign direct investment and its effectiveness." RUDN Journal of Economics 30, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2022-30-1-33-44.
Full textAbstract:
Investment policy has always played one of the most important roles in the development of the national economy. Foreign direct investment is interconnected with the activities of multinational companies and the opportunities that can be obtained by the host country. The article reveals the investment policy of Zambia and the role played by the public sector in it. The identified competitive advantages prove that Zambia has significant investment potential even though the country does not have direct access to the sea. Significant reserves of mineral raw materials confirm the energy and resource security of the economy, which is the area for investment by both national and foreign companies. The authors pay attention to several important problems of socio-economic significance, which complicate the effective and full functioning of the economy. The authors found that there are not enough studies in the domestic and foreign literature on the investment potential of Zambia. The study of inward investment activity showed that free economic zones are the most effective tool for attracting FDI, while the extractive sector remains the most attractive in this area. A comparative analysis of the disadvantages and advantages of the Zambian economy, conducted by the authors, proves that the state has the necessary elements of investment attractiveness. However, it was noted that the arrival of investments in the country should also meet the socio-economic interests of the state.
26
Qolbi, Ghefira Nurul, Budhi Gunawan, and Yogi Suprayogi Sugandi. "ALTERNATIF KEBIJAKAN UNTUK FLY ASH AND BOTTOM ASH (STUDI KASUS: PP NO. 22 TAHUN 2021)." SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF REFLECTION : Economic, Accounting, Management and Business 6, no. 3 (July 1, 2023): 502–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37481/sjr.v6i3.691.
Full textAbstract:
The need for electricity supply in Indonesia is increasing amid the availability of main raw materials which can be considered "insufficient". Departing from this, the government plans to increase power generation capacity which is then outlined in the Electricity Supply Business Plan (RUPTL) since 2017. However, instead of using renewable energy, the power plant used is a power plant with coal as raw material. Even though the threat of climate change is increasingly real for the whole world. Indonesia's dependence on coal was increasingly felt when the Government issued PP No. 22 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management which is a derivative of Law no. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. In this regulation, Fly Ash and Bottom Ash (FABA) dust, which is the result of burning coal, is removed from the Hazardous and Toxic Waste (B3). The purpose of this study is to provide alternative policies for policy makers by using descriptive qualitative methods in the review process. This study uses a qualitative method by utilizing secondary data with the results in the form of an explanation of alternative policies in overcoming the problem of coal policy which is summarized in PP no. 22 of 2021.
27
Krisna, Andy, Izzatusholekha Izzatusholekha, Azhari Aziz Samudra, and Randi Purnama. "Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah untuk Mengembangkan Industri Kreatif (Studi pada Industri Kecil Menengah di Bali)." Jurnal Manajemen dan Ilmu Administrasi Publik (JMIAP) 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jmiap.v5i1.587.
Full textAbstract:
Bali is an area that has traditional weaving crafts and still survives amid the globalization of textiles. This study describes the implementation of the policy of using traditional woven fabrics in encouraging the development of small and medium weaving industries (IKM) in Bali. The research was conducted with a qualitative approach. Data is collected through literature review, documents, and observation. Research through literature study utilizes online media, statistical data, books, articles in journals, government websites, and trusted online media. The implementation of the policy on the use of traditional Balinese woven or endek fabrics has gone according to the government's expectations, in the form of purchasing woven products, training for new woven craftsmen, providing looms, and establishing weaving centers. However, there are still a number of obstacles to be faced, namely in the upstream section, the availability of raw materials still relies on outside Bali. Generations of craftsmen who are still lacking to meet the sudden market demand.
28
Arianto Zega, Yedin, Ari Sandy, Andrian Andrian, Jessyka Jessyka, Erni Astuti, and Debora Oktaviani. "Analysis of Government Policy Regarding the Threat of Unemployment After the Increase in Inflation." International Journal of Social Health 2, no. 3 (March 28, 2023): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.58860/ijsh.v2i3.30.
Full textAbstract:
Inflation is a condition where the price of goods experiences price increases from time to time and causes the price of a country's currency to fall. When this inflation occurs, it will positively impact unemployment so that unemployment will increase. When the unemployment rate in a country is high, it will have a very bad impact on its economy. So this study is to know and analyze government policies related to the threat of unemployment after the increase in inflation. This study uses qualitative research methods, which concentrate on the threat of unemployment after the increase in inflation related to government policies. The results of this study indicate that the policies implemented by the government itself play a very important role and are the main key to overcoming inflation and unemployment in a country. Therefore, the government needs to be able to evaluate all policies that are taken in the future so that the results of the policies that have been taken do not hurt the community and the country. Inflation in a country can cause the price of goods to rise and the currency to fall, which in turn can negatively impact the unemployment rate. Therefore, the government must take appropriate policies to control inflation and reduce unemployment, such as maintaining stable supplies of raw materials and keeping prices affordable, providing support to small and medium enterprises, and providing training to workers to improve their skills in the world work.
29
P.M., Hilton Tarnama, Ade Marpudin, and Belardo Prasetya Mega Jaya. "THE POLICY OF BANNING THE EXPORT OF RAW MATERIALS IN THE MINING SECTOR BY THE INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW." Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum 22, no. 3 (January 13, 2024): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.31941/pj.v22i3.3333.
Full textAbstract:
<p><em>The management and utilization of natural resources by a country are manifestations of exercising national sovereignty. The Doctrine of Sovereignty is designed to provide equality among nations under the law to develop their countries towards prosperity and well-being. The policy of restricting and prohibiting the export of raw materials in the mining sector, such as nickel, gold, and tin, by the Indonesian government, is recognized under international law, particularly international trade law. This policy will bring beneficial impacts to Indonesia's economy. By having the capability to process natural resources independently, Indonesia can enhance its economic self-reliance, reduce dependency on imports, and improve the country's position in the global competition in the mining sector, ultimately leading to increased national revenue and providing greater well-being for the entire Indonesian population.</em><em></em></p>
30
Makhrachev, Georgy S. "The raw material problem as a major hindrance to development of cottage industry in Tambov Governorate from the second half of the 19th till the first third of the 20th century." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 4 (2022): 1048–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2022-27-4-1048-1061.
Full textAbstract:
We discuss the negative impact of the raw material problem on the development of the cottage industry in the late imperial period, military communism time and the New Economic Policy in Tambov Governorate. The availability of the raw material base was of great importance for craft activities, since in the absence of the required materials, the craftsmen would not be able to start their work. Craftsmen could obtain the raw materials necessary for their work either on the personal, communal lands or in local markets. In the first situation, dependence on natural and climatic conditions increased. In the second, everything depended on the buyers, who understood the demand and sought to extract the maximum profit from trade, therefore put the craftsmen at unfavourable conditions. The state authorities of both late imperial and the Soviet Union tried to solve the raw material problem in their own way. In Tambov Governorate of the late imperial period, craft storage houses were organized to help the craftsmen. Also, the government offered large credits. The Soviet Union leadership hoped for mass cooperation of the craftsmen. The article provides the examples of the fact that the difficulties faced by craftsmen have not disappeared despite the actions of the authorities. The cottage industry gave way to the manufactured goods after industrialization.
31
Hamdani, Ahmad Helman. "The research design of downstream minerals and processing locations in Indonesia." BIO Web of Conferences 73 (2023): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20237303010.
Full textAbstract:
Mineral downstream is a strategy to increase the added value of commodities owned by a country. With downstream, exported commodities are no longer raw materials but have become semi-finished goods. The construction of mineral processing facilities is a statutory mandate that must be obeyed and implemented. Mineral raw materials are processed domestically to provide added value and more meaningful benefits for Indonesians. The implementation of various policies recently issued by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia which aims to encourage downstream mineral processing in Indonesia requires research proposals to better back up and sustain policy making in this field. This paper highlights a broader understanding of downstream mineral processing location determination. Regarding to the relationship between trade theory and geographic economics is necessary to get a whole illustration of the elements where mineral processing in downstream industries must be optimized. So, the downstream process will become more attractive for the mining industry.
32
Emon, Md M. H. "A Systematic Review of the Causes and Consequences of Price Hikes in Bangladesh." Review of Business and Economics Studies 11, no. 2 (July 27, 2023): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2308-944x-2023-11-2-49-58.
Full textAbstract:
This systematic review aims to examine the causes and consequences of price hikes in Bangladesh, with a particular focus on their policy implications.Methods: A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted, and inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to identify relevant studies for analysis.Results: The causes of price hikes in Bangladesh were found to encompass global oil prices, government policies, supply chain inefficiencies, and lack of competition. The consequences of price hikes included decreased purchasing power, reduced living standards, increased poverty, and adverse effects on investment and employment. Household welfare was negatively impacted, and businesses relying on imported raw materials or energy were affected.The author concludes that to address the issues stemming from price hikes, policymakers should consider implementing strategies to control inflation, promote competition, enhance supply chain efficiency, and manage government spending. By incorporating these policy implications, Bangladesh can mitigate the adverse effects of price hikes, leading to enhanced economic stability and wellbeing.
33
Ustinovich, Elena Stepanovna. "State policy of resource conservation in the Russian Federation." Social'naja politika i social'noe partnerstvo (Social Policy and Social Partnership), no. 11 (November 7, 2023): 723–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pol-01-2311-04.
Full textAbstract:
The problems of sustainable development, the development of a resource-saving economy, and a closed-cycle economy are becoming increasingly relevant for the Russian Federation, as a state whose economy accounts for a significant volume of its raw materials sector. The stable state of the extractive industry enterprises, the continuing internal and external demand for natural resources of our country reinforce the need for the formation and implementation of a balanced macro- and meso-economic policy of resource conservation, financial and investment support for extractive and processing enterprises for the implementation of environmental and environmental programs, as well as further development and improvement of economic tools for managing resource conservation processes. The problem of resource conservation is complex and its solution is impossible without the participation of the state and business. The significant role of the regions of Russia and its subjects in solving issues and problems of resource conservation on the ground is also noted. The proposed relevance of the study determined its purpose and objectives, research methods and approaches to its implementation. The research methodology is a combination of general scientific research methods — analysis, synthesis of the information received, interpretation of data. The study uses data from statistical observation of current (operational) environmental protection costs in the Russian Federation, posted on the official website of the Federal Statistics Service. The article presents statistical data on the volume of extraction of raw materials in Germany. The method of economic analysis is logically defined as the main research method. In modern Russian economics, in general, the composition of economic instruments for managing resource-saving processes has been formed. The main economic tool for managing resource-saving processes on the part of the state are government subsidies to the regions of Russia. A significant contribution to protective and environmental measures is also made by business entities, primarily corporate business.
34
Agustian, Adang, Ening Ariningsih, Endro Gunawan, and Kurnia Suci Indraningsih. "The study of bioenergy with molasses raw materials: analysis of potential and problems in its development in East Java, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 232 (2021): 04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123204005.
Full textAbstract:
The Indonesian government is gradually reducing its dependence on petroleum fuels by mixing it with biofuels. One of the biofuels used is bioethanol made from molasses. This study aims to analyze the potential for sugarcane development at the farm level, identify bioenergy problems, and provide bioenergy development recommendations based on molasses. The research was conducted in East Java Province in 2016, with updated data in 2019. The analytical methods used were quantitative and qualitative. The results of the research are as follows. In 2019, the potential of molasses produced reached 260.06 thousand tons in East Java Province. However, there are some technical and socio-economic problems in developing biofuels from molasses, including the low yield of sugar, limited processing of molasses into bioethanol, lack of bioethanol marketing guarantee, and lack of synergy in bioethanol policy development. Some policy recommendations proposed to support the sustainability of bioethanol production in the future are policy supports for increasing sugarcane farming, capital support for bioethanol producers, guarantee in the bioethanol marketing, and synergies in developing bioenergy policies.
35
LARIN, V. L. "PACIFIC RUSSIA IN THE “GREATER EURASIA” AT THE BEGINNING OF XXI CENTURY: CHALLENGES AND RESPONDS." Historical and social-educational ideas 10, no. 3/1 (July 16, 2018): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2018-10-3/1-65-81.
Full textAbstract:
The article examines main factors that determine the pace, nature and direction of everyday life and economic development of Pacific Russia in the early 21st century. The author identifies and analyzes fundamental nature and impact of three, in his opinion, basic challenges, the answers to which determine Russian government policy towards this region: the threat of its loss under the influence of internal and external factors; peripheral status and lagging development based on its specialization in the raw materials extraction; modern Eurasian integration projects of Moscow, Beijing and Seoul. The first challenge was purely speculative but it allowed Kremlin to mobilize the country's political and business elites to strengthen Pacific vector of Russian policy and support Russia Far East development. In this case, the goal of this development was not to overcome the peripheral status and raw specialization of the region, but to utilize its potential more effectively in the interests of central government. The results were contradictory from the point of view of both domestic and foreign policies. Such outcome has prompted central government to create new instruments and institutions for implementation of his geopolitical and economic projects on the Pacific. The closure of an active phase of "Russia's integration into the APR", Kremlin promotion of the "Big Eurasia" concept as well as the Chinese "Belt and Road" initiative being launched alongside the Russian project, in the aggregate reserve for Pacific Russia a place "in the back" of the Eurasian integration, tightly fixing for her the status of a double - European and Asian - periphery.
36
Nwamgbowo, Paschal, Ezekiel Nnadi, Val Hyginus Udoka Eze, and Nathan Kibwami. "Quantification of Earth Material for Sustainable Road Works in Southeast Nigeria." Journal of Engineering, Technology, and Applied Science (JETAS) 5, no. 3 (December 26, 2023): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.jetas-0503.597.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the use of earth materials in sustainable road construction in South East, Nigeria. The study aims to determine factors associated with the use of earth materials, identify limiting factors, and examine strategies to improve their use. The study population comprised 60 engineers and craftsmen using local materials. The results show limitations in the use of earth materials in sustainable road works. The study recommends contracting firms to develop better storage facilities for earth materials to prevent damage and wastage. It also suggests incorporating earth materials into construction education curriculums to sensitize students to their potential benefits. The government should adopt a policy of adapting earth materials that require minimal capital and foreign exchange and utilizing available raw materials and skills in small-scale operations. The study's findings highlight the importance of sustainable road construction in Nigeria's socio-economic growth.
37
PhD, Dr Uttam Khanal,. "Industrialization of Socialist-Oriented Economy Development in Nepal: Contribution, Possibility and Challenges of Private Sectors." Advances in Politics and Economics 5, no. 4 (November 17, 2022): p50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v5n4p50.
Full textAbstract:
The state produces goods and services to distribute to its citizens and its process is somehow related to social welfare. The government that has created an industry-friendly environment for the establishment of industries to provide goods at a price that people can afford. Investors are invested in the industry by making full use of resources and available materials to provide employment opportunities for industrialization in Nepalese economic development. Investors are not allowed to produce and distribute voluntary goods. The role of facilitator in production and distribution by fulfilling of basic criteria is prescribed by the socialist state. Socialism is believed in the advancement of the human race, the pursuit of equality among all human beings, the end of the system of exploitation of one human being by another, and the establishment of universal love between human beings. Although the government was instructed by the constitution to develop a socialist-oriented economy, the government could not achieve complete success. The policy of the state has to encourage private sector investment, due to inability that makes programs. Nepal has not able to move towards industrialization. If immediate steps could be taken to create an investment friendly environment in the industry to minimize the challenges of problems in the private sector, ample employment opportunities would be created. The government of Nepal has given priority to Indian imports and the policy of imposing higher customs duty on imports of raw materials than manufactured.
38
Yi, Kaini. "Explore the Influencing Factors of Manufacturing Industry Agglomeration." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 28, no. 1 (November 10, 2023): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/28/20231292.
Full textAbstract:
As the result of the amount of greenhouse gas emission, many countries has developed green economic that achieve sustain economy and protect environment. Sustainable economic development has became a trend, and an important part of its industrial agglomeration. There are theoretical and practical implementation of industrial agglomeration. This paper is going to talk about the industrial agglomeration of manufacture. Industrial agglomeration refers to firms in the same industry locating in the same geographic area. The regional similarity of their location results in so-called industrial externalities, referred to as external economies of scale by Marshall and localization externalities by Henderson. In this paper, the factors that cause industrial agglomeration of manufacture will be discussed. First of all, the raw materials is one of the factors. Raw materials are the resources used to make goods. Secondly, the labor market is also an important factor of industrial agglomeration. Thirdly, the policy will have a great impact on the industrial agglomeration in a certain region. The policy refers to the directives and targets set by the state, government and enterprises. In the case study, this paper has chosen California, which is famous for its home industry, and confirmed the above three influencing factors.
39
Czerewko, Georgij, and Jurij Dubnewycz. "Produkcja oraz rynek rzepaku na Ukrainie i jego perspektywy." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, no. 105 (April 13, 2014): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/eiogz.2014.105.6.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents the main aspects of rapeseed production and processing in Ukraine in the context of Ukraine’s joining EU. Current situation of rapeseed market and some aspects of exporting activity in this sphere were characterized. A set of possible directions of development of the situation in Ukraine including possible influences of UE’s policy in the sphere of alternative energy sources were presented, as well as changes of volumes of rape production. The paper also analyses the activity of Ukrainian government connected to the rapeseed production and processing, including avoidance of possible pathological Ukraine’s transformation into mere Europe’s raw materials’ supplier.
40
Cherian, Jerin Jose, Manju Rahi, Navdeep Rinwa, Shubhra Singh, Sanapareddy Eswara Reddy, Yogendra Kumar Gupta, Vishwa Mohan Katoch, et al. "India’s Road to Independence in Manufacturing Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients: Focus on Essential Medicines." Economies 9, no. 2 (May 3, 2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies9020071.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) manufacturing is an important segment of the Indian pharma industry. India ranks third in terms of volume of medicines produced, and is a major global supplier of generic medicines. However, India depends heavily on the import of several raw materials used to produce some of these medicines. Main Body: This paper highlights how the situation emerged, as well as the various steps taken by the government to reduce import dependency and promote domestic manufacturing of APIs. Through various consultations with government officials, policy analysts and academicians, and interactions with key industry experts, the paper also highlights the public health perspectives of such dependence, especially regarding the secure access to essential medicines. India needs a conducive ecosystem to capitalize on the full potential of its API manufacturing capabilities, which may require some short-term and some mid/long-term interventions. Conclusions: It concludes by providing certain short-, medium- and long-term recommendations in the policy, fiscal and technology domains, to promote API independence. It also summarizes the various steps taken by the government in moving towards domestic manufacturing of APIs.
41
KAPKANSHCHIKOV, S. G. "RAW MATERIAL EXPORTS REDUCTION IN TRANSFORMING THE STRUCTURE OF RUSSIA’S GDP." Lomonosov Economics Journal, no. 5_2023 (May 21, 2024): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0130-0105-6-58-5-3.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents a thesis that a phased reduction of the share of raw materials in the total volume of Russian exports and re-direction of a much greater part of it to domestic processing and subsequent export of final high-tech products are required. The need for such structural transformation is explained not only by the intensification of anti-Russian sanctions against fuel and energy complex, including the introduction of an embargo and price ceiling for its products, but also by the urgent need for a radical change in the very type of growth of the domestic economy - from raw materials export to the one based on innovations. Such shift is associated with devising and implementing a nationwide structural government policy, designed to resist further deindustrialization of the national economy. Based on the analysis of the key imbalances of the Russian economy developed during its market transformation, with a special emphasis on the ratio of consumption, investment, government purchases and trade balance, the author offers his own vision of an algorithm for a reasonable increase in the investment quota not through reducing personal consumption, but by temporarily reducing the contribution of net exports. The analysis concludes with the description of a fundamental scheme of urgently required changes in the functional structure of Russia’s GDP with the vision of ways to prevent an excessive imbalance between the revenue and expenditure parts of the Russian state budget.
42
Umam, Saiful, Syamsul Ma'arif, and Nimmi Zulbairnarni. "The influence illegal fishing surveillance policies on marine fisheries business." Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science 3, no. 2 (November 30, 2023): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/ijoms.v3i2.727.
Full textAbstract:
Illegal fishing that occurs in Indonesian waters has the potential to harm the marine fisheries business. The government seeks to overcome losses due to illegal fishing through policies and surveillance programs through increasing the fleet of surveillance vessels, increasing operations by sea and air and utilizing information technology. Surveillance of illegal fishing is a public policy, in order to measure the impact and benefits of the policy, economic valuation is needed as a basis for stating that the policy is feasible and provides benefits presented in a value. This study aims to analyze the direct and indirect impact of illegal fishing Surveillance policies on the marine fisheries business. The research method uses producer surplus and analysis uses Extended Cost Benefit Analysis (ECBA). The results showed that the policy of increasing Surveillance provides positive benefits of Rp.1.8 trillion/year, so the policy is feasible. The policy has the potential to save economic and social losses, when the supervision conditions before the policy of increasing Surveillance of social and economic impacts obtained amounted to Rp.466.9 billion / year and after the policy increased Surveillance to Rp. 2.3 trillion / year. The policy of increasing supervision greatly affects the fisheries business at sea, namely the needs and supply of fish for raw materials for the fishery industry are met, increasing the productivity of catches, absorption of labor as fishermen on ships, sufficient fuel stocks and for the government, state revenues from PNBP and fisheries taxes increase.
43
Smirnov, Anton, Evgeniy Smolokurov, Alim Mazhazhikhov, and Lia Gareeva. "The Russian electric car market: prospects, factors hindering industry development, specifics of component production." E3S Web of Conferences 363 (2022): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202236303010.
Full textAbstract:
The article examines the general course of federal policy in the Russian Federation with regard to the development of the car market in the electric vehicle segment. Government policy should aim to reduce the percentage of vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICE). As of early 2022, projects for the production of electric cars and electric motors are being developed in the Russian Federation and are in the implementation stage. The raw material base in the Russian Federation makes it possible to produce electric vehicles and their components without exporting raw materials. The increase in mineral production is necessary to boost the rate of production of high-tech and innovative products for various industry segments. Trends in the global energy transition are reflected not only in the dynamics of the oil and gas market but also in the development of related industries. They influence the demand for different types of metals and minerals. It is well known that clean technologies require much more metals than their fossil fuel based counterparts. Rare earth metals have now become an integral part of green technology as they are widely used in wind turbine generators, engines for electric vehicles.
44
Zhang, Hui, and Xin Su. "The Applications and Complexity Analysis Based on Supply Chain Enterprises’ Green Behaviors under Evolutionary Game Framework." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (October 3, 2021): 10987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910987.
Full textAbstract:
Green behaviors adopted by supply chain companies are conducive to resource conservation and environmental protection and enhancing their core competitive advantages. By constructing a game model of green behavior of supply chain companies, this research deeply analyzes the main influencing factors of green behaviors adopted by supply chain companies. It uses dynamic evolution game analysis and simulation experiment methods to explore the path evolution direction and dynamic convergence process of green behavior strategy choices of these companies, so as to provide reference value for green behavior decision-making of supply chain enterprises. The research results show that the probability of supply chain enterprises choosing green behavior strategies is related to factors such as enterprise green investment income and costs, co-benefits, spillover benefits, greenness and output of raw materials or products, government green subsidy coefficients, and fines. Supply chain enterprises should reduce the cost of green investment, maximize the profit of green investment, and increase the greenness of raw materials or products; the government should increase the coefficient of green subsidies and encourage supply chain enterprises to actively participate in the collaborative management of the green supply chain.
45
Heide, Peter In Der, and Markus Taube. "China's Iron and Steel Industry at the Global Markets Interface: Structural Developments and Industrial Policy Interventions." Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 29, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 110–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v29i2.4029.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years the Chinese iron and steel industry has gone through a period of hyper growth, propelling it to the very top of global steel-making. Commanding nearly half of global output and correspondingly utilizing a similar share of inputs and raw materials, China has become the key player in this industry, exerting significant influence on global prices and cost parameters. But just as the rise of China's iron and steel industry was not only driven by market forces but heavily influenced by government intervention in commodity and financial markets, government authorities are also trying to exert influence on the way Chinese steel-makers are acting on the global markets. Balancing market forces and industrial policy strategy at the global markets interface, political decision-makers have worked out an elaborate framework of measures to carve out maximum benefits for domestic enterprises and the economy as a whole. By examining these mechanisms, this article aims to illustrate that sectoral industrial policy in China does not push for expanding exports and investments across the board but carefully and discretionarily promotes global integration in some areas while delaying it in others.
46
Mohd Shoid, Nursyamimi Zawani, Zalina Zakaria, and Adibi M. Nor. "AN OVERVIEW OF BUDU PRODUCTION IN KELANTAN FROM HALAL AND POLICY ASPECTS." Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol10no1.386.
Full textAbstract:
Budu or fish sauce is a traditional food of the East Coast communities in Peninsular Malaysia that is produced through a fermentation process between 6 to 12 months in the covered containers known as unprocessed budu. Meanwhile, the processed budu is prepared by grounding coarsely unprocessed budu before mixing with tamarind paste, palm sugar, sugar, monosodium glutamate (MSG), food colouring, and then boiled. Once the mixture is filtered, processed budu is cooled, bottled and marketed all over Malaysia. Most of the manufacturers (23) are located in Kelantan and Terengganu. However, based on the recent data, only one brand of budu is halal-certified as compared to other Malaysian fermented fish products, i.e., belacan (243), pekasam (14), and cencaluk (13). The study offers some important insights into the issues that arise in budu production from the halal and policy aspects that may hinder the manufacturers from applying halal certification. The use of qualitative studies is a well-established approach in this study. Five broad themes emerged from the analysis, the low quality of raw materials (anchovies) and lack of awareness and knowledge base in food safety and hygiene practices among the manufacturers and workers are identified as the main factors contributing to scare-mongering against halal certification. In addition, we found shortage of raw materials (anchovies), lack of incentive and specification standards for the quality of budu were the bottleneck of halal application among the budu entrepreneur. Therefore, more outstanding efforts are needed to ensure the involvement and cooperation from the government agencies and regulators and budu manufacturers to help them penetrate the international market. Indeed, a desire is needed to boost the exportation of budu globally following the market demand and opportunities.
47
Wiśniewski, Tomasz P. "Investigating Divergent Energy Policy Fundamentals: Warfare Assessment of Past Dependence on Russian Energy Raw Materials in Europe." Energies 16, no. 4 (February 17, 2023): 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16042019.
Full textAbstract:
The Russian invasion of Ukraine and the resulting warfare within direct proximity to the European Union (EU) have significantly changed the conditions of Europe’s energy policy. Consequently, the energy security agencies and governments have been deliberating over an energy trilemma: the problem of balancing affordability, security, and environmental considerations, with much greater ramifications than before the breakout of the current military conflict. The past structural similarities and differences of the EU member states’ dependence on Russian energy raw materials, and the factors that might have determined those differences, may be among the key drivers of future energy policy choices in Europe and the prospective paths of the European Green Deal (EGD). Historical convergence might encourage an EGD consensus, while divergent past patterns might not allow for such a single direction throughout the EU. The multifaceted research proposed in this paper, from descriptive statistics to multiple linear regression model analyses, identifies structural dissimilarities among the EU economies relating to their dependence on Russia. Key findings suggest that the past dependencies on Russian energy raw materials have not been similar across the EU countries, and have been associated with the economic size of the EU member states and their proximity to or remoteness from Russia. In this regard, economic size and distance from Russia may be significant determinants of certain dissimilarities. Some countries, especially Estonia, Lithuania, and Poland, have demonstrated a structurally different energy mix dependence on Russian fossil energy raw materials than countries more remote from Russia that boast a higher GDP per capita.
48
Safi'i, Imam, Silvi Rushanti Widodo, and Ria Lestari Pangastuti. "Analisis Risiko pada UKM Tahu Takwa Kediri terhadap Dampak Pandemi COVID-19." Jurnal Rekayasa Sistem Industri 9, no. 2 (July 27, 2020): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/jrsi.v9i2.4003.107-114.
Full textAbstract:
The Pandemic of COVID-19 and social restriction policy (PSBB) in Indonesia caused a lot of impacts, one of them is Tofu Takwa SMEs in Kediri. This condition disrupts production activities up to marketing. Then it takes a risk analysis by looking at the main potential risks that arise while pandemic like this and do manage to get a strategy for their business sustainability. This research aims to analyze and manage the main risks that occur in Tofu Takwa SMEs in Kediri. The results showed that there are 3 risks in a high level like decrease of the income, decrease in production amount and increase the price of raw materials and 1 risk in middle level like late in delivery raw material so that it can be done by financial strategy, resize, search for a new market with social media and cooperate with the local government to help the marketing of social service programs.
49
Sugianto, Dodi. "Regulation of Strategic Investment Downloading in The Growth of Indonesia's Leading Sectors." Asian Journal of Engineering, Social and Health 3, no. 3 (March 5, 2024): 602–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/ajesh.v3i3.281.
Full textAbstract:
Indonesia has great economic potential with abundant natural resources. However, so far Indonesia is still trapped in the global value chain as an exporter of raw materials. This causes the added value obtained by Indonesia to be low and the Indonesian economy does not grow optimally. The Indonesian government has realized this problem and has issued various policies to encourage downstream investment. This research aims to analyze the downstream regulations for strategic investment in the growth of Indonesia's leading sectors. This research uses normative legal research methods. Research data was obtained from a study of documents and laws and regulations related to downstream investment. The data analysis technique used is qualitative analysis. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive and interpretive methods. The research results show that the Indonesian government is using an acceleration strategy to increase investment to increase the rate of downstream investment in leading sectors for national economic growth. Regulations for the downstreaming of strategic investments in the growth of leading sectors are regulated in several policies including Law Number 3 of 2020 concerning Amendments to Law Number 4 of 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining, mandating that no longer export raw materials, Law Number 3 In 2014 regarding Industry, OJK issued a policy in the banking industry to support the acceleration program for Battery-Based Electric Motor Vehicles (KBL BB) as well as the development of its upstream industry.
50
SALIKHOVA, Olena, and Daria HONCHARENKO. "DEVELOPMENT POLICY OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IN GERMANY: LESSONS FOR UKRAINE." Economy of Ukraine 2020, no. 10 (October 25, 2020): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2020.10.063.
Full textAbstract:
The evolution of the development of the German chemical and pharmaceutical industry from technology borrowing to endogenous innovations and becoming a global leader is shown. It is substantiated that the government of the country promoted the development of a new industry by increasing budget allocations for the training of scientific and industrial personnel; research subsidies; subsidies for transportation and raw materials. It is shown that the formation of large companies has provided economies of scale and accelerated development. The creation of specialized research institutes under the auspices of the government initiated public-private partnerships in research funding, industry associations helped mobilize the public to support the industry, and competent company managers and industry representatives together with prominent statesmen provided concerted action to strengthen its innovation potential. Cultivating the national consciousness that the purchase of German goods is the key to the welfare of the state has determined consumer preferences and has become a powerful stimulus to expand supplies to the domestic market. The introduction of high customs tariffs on finished medicines has provided protection for the new industry in its infancy. The close cooperation of banks with pharmaceutical companies has contributed to the implementation of investment and innovation projects and external expansion. The creation of cartels by chemical and pharmaceutical companies was an institutional response to the unprecedented phenomenon of industrialization and catching up in Germany. It is revealed that at the present stage the Government of Germany through national and regional programs continues to promote the development of technological and innovative potential of pharmaceuticals. The expediency of introduction of mechanisms of endogenization of production development of medicines and medical devices in Ukraine, and also expansion of sales in the domestic market through introduction of preferences at public purchases in the context of protection of essential interests of safety and health of the nation is proved.