Dissertations / Theses: 'Rats'

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Hohl, Rodrigo. "Padronização de um modelo de indução de overreaching em ratos : desenvolvimento e perspectivas de investigação em natação e esteira." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314733.

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Orientador: Denise Vaz de Macedo
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O empirismo do treinamento pode levar a um desequilíbrio entre estímulo da atividade motora e tempo de recuperação do esforço. Como conseqüência o atleta pode experimentar um estado agudo de fadiga e queda de desempenho denominado de overreaching, revertido em poucos dias. A persistência desta situação de desequilíbrio pode levar a um quadro crônico de sensação de fadiga acompanhado de queda de desempenho denominado de síndrome do overtraining (OTS), que pode durar semanas ou meses. O objetivo deste trabalho foi padronizar um protocolo controlado e reprodutível de treinamento em ratos que contivesse um período de desequilíbrio entre o estímulo do exercício e o tempo de recuperação que gerasse queda de desempenho. Há duas formas de exercício em ratos amplamente utilizadas na literatura: a natação e a corrida em esteira. Os primeiros dois capítulos deste trabalho descrevem a padronização de um teste de desempenho em natação, reprodutível ao longo do crescimento animal, para ser utilizado em estudos longitudinais. Para isso, precisávamos considerar o empuxo sofrido pelo animal no meio líquido e validamos (Capítulo I) um aparato de medição de volume para animais vivos e conscientes (AMV). No capítulo II apresentamos os dados da comparação da reprodutibilidade de dois testes de desempenho até a exaustão na natação durante os cinco primeiros meses de vida dos ratos. Um teste com adição de cargas ajustadas de acordo com o porcentual da massa corporal (MC) e outro com cargas constantes (CC). Utilizando o AMV constatamos que a densidade dos animais não variava e, como conseqüência, o teste MC diminuía o tempo de exaustão conforme os ratos aumentavam a massa durante o crescimento, enquanto o teste CC mantinha o tempo de exaustão ao longo do tempo. Paralelamente, iniciamos os estudos com exercício em esteira. No Capítulo III apresentamos um protocolo de 11 semanas, onde o desequilíbrio entre exercício e recuperação foi determinado pelo aumento das sessões diárias nas três últimas semanas em 2, 3 e 4 vezes, com diminuição no tempo de recuperação entre elas. Selecionamos no final desse treinamento dois grupos de ratos, aqueles que apresentaram baixo desempenho (BD) e aqueles que apresentaram aumento ou manutenção do desempenho (AD). Embora ambos os grupos tenham apresentado uma diminuição da massa corporal durante o aumento da freqüência de treinamento, o grupo BD precisou de uma semana a mais de repouso para voltar a aumentar a massa, sem modificar o desempenho. No Capítulo IV comparamos quatro grupos de ratos obtidos desse protocolo (Controle (CO), Treinados (T), BD e AD) em análises no sangue (glutamina, glutamato, alanina e hemograma) e músculo (citrato sintase (CS), lactato desidrogenase e glicogênio). Comparando BD com T e AD observamos: (1) diminuição da concentração plasmática de glutamina e aumento na de glutamato, com valores semelhantes aos do grupo CO; (2) diminuição da capacidade oxidativa (CS) e manutenção dos estoques de glicogênio; (3) leucocitose. Em vista das diferenças encontrada entre os grupos BD e AD, concluímos que o protocolo de treinamento de indução de overreaching representa uma ferramenta metodológica importante, que pode auxiliar no desvendamento dos mecanismos causadores da queda de desempenho nos estados de overreaching/OTS
Abstract: The empirical training can lead to an imbalance between the motor activity stress and recovery. As consequence, the athlete can try an acute state of fatigue and performance decrement called overreaching, reverted in a few days. This continuous unbalance can lead to a chronic fatigue state called as overtraining syndrome (OTS), that may last weeks or months. Our goal was to standardize a controlled and reproducible training protocol in rats that contained an unbalance period between exercise stress and recovery with performance decrement. Two forms of exercise is widely used for rats training in literature: swimming and treadmill running. Chapters I and II describe an adequate standardization for workload in swimming tests when applied to longitudinal studies with sedentary rats. Therefore, considering the rats' buoyance, we validate (Chapter I) an apparatus for measuring conscientious living rat body volume (AMV). In chapter II, we evaluated two types of swimming tests with overload in sedentary rats: one with the load adjusted according to percentage of body weight (BW) and another one with constant load (CL) over time. Through the AMV, we found that the rats' density did not vary significantly, as consequence, MC test showed performance decrement as the rats had their mass increased, while CC test maintained performance along rats growth. In time, we initiate the studies with treadmill exercise. In Chapter III, we present an eleven weeks training protocol where the unbalance between exercise stress and recovery was determined by the increase of the daily sessions in 2, 3 and 4 times in the last three weeks, reducing the recovery time between sessions. We selected two groups of rats in the end of the training protocol, those that presented low performance (BD) and those that presented performance increase or maintenance (AD). Although both groups (AD and BD) showed corporal mass reduction during the increase of the daily frequency, BD group return to increase the mass one week later than AD group, without modifying the performance. In Chapter IV, we compare four groups of rats after the eleven weeks training protocol (Control (CO), Trained (T), AD and BD) in blood (glutamine, glutamate, alanine and hematological variables) and muscle analyses (citrate synthase (CS), lactate dehydrogenase and glycogen). Comparing BD with AD and T groups, we observe: (1) reduction of the glutamine plasma concentration and increase of glutamate, with similar CO values; (2) reduction of the oxidative capacity (CS) and maintenance of the glycogen stores; (3) leucocitosys. We conclude that the training protocol induces the rats to overreaching and it represents a relevant methodological tool in overreaching / OTS metabolical mechanisms research envolved in performance decrement
Doutorado
Fisiologia
Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

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Castleberry, Nikole Lee. "Food habits of the Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister)." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1413.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 99 p. : col. maps Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

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Lee, Jennifer E. "Work Ethic in Rats." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1264716770.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Toledo, 2009.
Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Master of Arts in Psychology." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Bibliography: leaves 19-20.

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Platonoff, Nadine. "Nouvelles méthodes de microscopie quantitative appliquées à l'étude de la relation calcium libre intracellulaire-inotropie sur cellules cardiaques de rats nouveaux-nés." Besançon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BESA2038.

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Relation ca inotropie sur cellules de rat neo-natal en culture: deux nouveaux dispositifs optiques appliques a la microscopie ont ete developpes pour mesurer les parametres de contraction et la concentration en ions calcium libres sur des cellules en culture: un contractometre base sur la diffusion de lumiere dynamique et un microspectrofluorimetre adapte aux sondes intra-cellulaires. L'etalonnage de ces instruments a ete particulierement etudie et les causes d'erreur minimisees. A l'aide de ces dispositifs, la relation calcium interne-contraction a ete examinee en presence de substances connues pour modifier le calcium intra-cellulaire et la contractilite. Nos resultats montrent qu'il existe des situations ou cette relation n'est pas directe, et que les cellules cardiaques de rat nouveau-ne ont une physiologie differente de celle des cellules adultes de mammiferes

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Castleberry, Steven Bryan. "Conservation and management of the Allegheny woodrat in the central Appalachians." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1503.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 166 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

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6

Harris, Donna B. "Introduced black rats and endemic GalaÌpagos rice rats : competition, coexistence and conservation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437366.

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Estrela, Heder Frank Gianotto. "Reatividade vascular de aneis de aorta isolada de ratos normo ou hiperlipidemicos, sedentarios ou submetidos a natação." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314102.

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Orientadores: Dora Maria Grassi-Kassisse, Regina Celia Spadari
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Lipídios provenientes da dieta têm importante participação nas alterações vasculares observadas na síndrome plurimetabólica. O objetivo desta tese foi analisar a reatividade vascular de anéis de aorta com e sem endotélio isoladas de ratos normo ou hiperlipidêmicos, sedentários ou submetidos à natação. Ratos Wistar machos adultos foram usados após uma semana de adaptação em salas climatizadas 22±2ºC e com ciclo claro-escuro de 12 h (luzes acendendo as 6:30 da manhã). Os experimentos foram realizados de acordo com os princípios para utilização de animais em pesquisa e educação e adotados pelo COBEA (Colégio Brasileiro de Experimentação Animal). Os animais foram randomicamente distribuídos em dois grupos: sedentários (S) e que praticaram exercício físico (T). O exercício constou de sessões de natação na freqüência de 5 dias na semana com 50 minutos de duração durante 20 dias em tanque de água com temperatura de 34 ± 2oC. Estes dois grupos foram ainda subdivididos em 2 subgrupos, o que recebia ração padrão (N) e outro que recebia dieta rica em lipídios (H). Anéis de aorta com e sem endotélio foram isoladas e curvas cumulativas concentração-efeito à noradrenalina (NA), à acetilcolina (ACh) e ao nitroprussiato de sódio (SNP) foram obtidas, na ausência ou presença de L-NAME ou indometacina. Os ratos sedentários e tratados com dieta hiperlipídica (HS) apresentaram aumento das concentrações plasmáticas de triacilgliceróis, colesterol total e das frações LDL e VLDL, determinados ao final da quarta semana de tratamento. O protocolo de natação não induziu qualquer alteração no perfil lipídico dos ratos normolipidêmicos (NT vs NS). Entretanto este programa de atividade física impediu o aumento das concentrações plasmáticas de triacilgliceróis, colesterol total, e suas frações LDL e VLDL, induzidos pela dieta hiperlipídica. A remoção do endotélio promoveu aumento da resposta máxima (gf) e dos valores pD2 à noradrenalina em todos os grupos [2,13±0,18 e 7,19±0,14 (NScom) - 3,60±0,20* e 7,69±0,09* (NSsem); 1,46±0,14 e 7,31±0,09 (NTcom) - 3,14±0,10* e 7,86±0,10* (NTsem); 2,02±0,08 e 7,09±0,13 (HScom) - 3,52±0,10* e 7,89±0,06* (HSsem); 2,08±0,19 e 7,37±0,10 (HTcom) - 3,17±0,19* e 7,82±0,13* (HTsem). Estatisticamente diferente (p<0,05) em: * comparado aos anéis com endotélio (Teste t de student)]. A dieta hiperlipídica não promoveu alterações vasculares aos diferentes agonistas, em animais sedentários (NS vs HS). O programa de exercício físico proposto induziu redução da resposta máxima à noradrenalina e aumento da resposta máxima à acetilcolina em ratos normolipidêmicos (NS vs NT). A resposta máxima (%) e os valores pD2 à acetilcolina foram respectivamente: 61,87 ± 6,13 e 6,91 ± 0,06 (NS), 90,35 ± 3,15abc e 7,11 ± 0,08a (NT), 53,22 ± 2,80 e 6,78 ± 0,06 (HS); 69,70 ± 4,63 e 6,94 ± 0,11 (HT), a comparado ao grupo NS; b comparado ao grupo HS e c comparado ao grupo HT (p<0,05 ANOVA seguida de teste de Tukey). A associação da dieta hiperlipídica e a atividade física fez com que não fossem observadas redução da resposta máxima à noradrenalina e aumento da resposta à acetilcolina nos animais exercitados (NT vs HT). Estes efeitos induzidos pelas sessões de natação foram abolidos pela remoção do endotélio ou tratamento com L-NAME, indicando a participação do NO derivado do endotélio. Nenhuma alteração foi observada na curva concentração-efeito ao SNP nos diferentes grupos: 100% e 7,83 ± 0,11 (resposta máxima e valores pD2, respectivamente). Assim podemos sugerir que o programa de exercício físico proposto diminui a resposta vascular à noradrenalina e aumenta a resposta vasorelaxante à acetilcolina por aumento do NO derivado do endotélio, e que a dieta hiperlipídica embora não cause alterações vasculares nos animais sedentários, impede os efeitos benéficos do exercício
Abstract: Ingesting a lipid diet has an important effect on vasomotor changes found in metabolic syndrome. The aim of this work was to analyze the vascular reactivity on isolated aortic rings with or without endothelium from normo or hyperlipidemic rats, sedentary or submitted to swimming. Adult male Wistar rats were used after one week of adaptation in acclimated room at 22±2ºC and 12h light-dark cycle (lights on at 6:30 a.m.). The experiments were carried out in accordance to the principles for animals use in research and education and adopted by COBEA (Brazilian College for Animal Experimentation). The animals were randomly distributed into two groups, sedentary (S) and exercised (T) with swimming sessions, 5 days a week (50 min. session) for 20 days in a glass tank with water at 34 ± 2oC. These two groups were divided into two subgroups; one of them fed with a standard chow (N) and the other, a high fat-CHO diet (H). Aortic rings with or without endothelium were isolated and cumulative concentration-effect curves to noradrenaline (NA), acetylcholine (ACh), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were obtained, in presence or absence of L-NAME or indomethacin. High fat-CHO diet ingestion during four weeks induced a significant increase in triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and, very low density lipoprotein plasma levels. The physical exercise program did not altered blood lipid levels in normolipidemic rats however avoided the increase in triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and, very low density lipoprotein blood levels induced by high fat-CHO diet. The absence of endothelium increased the maximum response (gf) and pD2 values to noradrenaline in all groups [2.13±0.18 e 7.19±0.14 (NSwith) ¿ 3.60±0.20* e 7.69±0.09* (NSwithout); 1.46±0.14 e 7.31±0.09 (NTwith) ¿ 3.14±0.10* e 7.86±0.10* (NTwithout); 2.02±0.08 e 7.09±0.13 (HSwith) ¿ 3.52±0.10* e 7.89±0.06* (HSwithout); 2.08±0.19 e 7.37±0.10 (HTwith) ¿ 3.17±0.19* e 7.82±0.13* (HTwithout). Statistically difference (p<0.05) in: * compared to rings with endothelium (student¿s t test)]. The high fat-CHO diet didn¿t promote any changes in the vasomotor response to any of the compounds, in sedentary rats (NS vs HS). The physical exercise program induced decrease of the maximum response to noradrenaline and increase of maximum response to acetylcholine in normolipidemic rats (NS vs NT). The maximum response (%) and pD2 values to acetylcholine were respectively: 61.87 ± 6.13 e 6.91 ± 0.06 (NS), 90.35 ± 3.15abc e 7.11 ± 0.08a (NT), 53.22 ± 2.80 e 6.78 ± 0.06 (HS); 69.70 ± 4.63 e 6.94 ± 0.11 (HT); a compared to NS group; b compared to HS group, and c compared to HT group (p<0.05 ANOVA, after by Tukey¿s test). The high fat-CHO diet avoided the decrease of maximum response to noradrenaline and increase to acetylcholine on exercised rats (NT vs HT). Those effects induced by the swimming program were prevented by the endothelium removal or tissue treatment with L-NAME, suggesting the participation of endothelium derived NO. No changes were observed in the concentration-effect curves to SNP in aorta of rats from any group: 100% e 7.83 ± 0.11 (maximum response and pD2 value, respectively). We suggest that the physical exercise program decreased vasomotor response to noradrenaline and increased the vasorelaxant response to acetylcholine by increasing of endothelium derived NO, and that the high fat-CHO diet avoids the benefit effects from physical exercise, although it doesn¿t cause vasomotor changes in sedentary rats
Mestrado
Fisiologia
Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

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Rodrigues, Daniele Masselli 1972. "Infecção por Cardiovirus (virus da encefalomielite murina de Theiler - TMEV) em colonias convencionais de ratos." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317119.

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Orientador: Maria Silvia Viccari Gatti
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O vírus da encefalomielite murina de Theiler (TMEV) é um patógeno entérico de camundongos, pertencente ao gênero Cardiovirus da família Picornaviridae. O TMEV é um vírus não envelopado, icosaédrico, com 20 - 30 nm e genoma constituído de RNA fita simples com polaridade positiva. Os TMEV têm sido classificados em dois subgrupos, de acordo com sua atividade biológica após inoculação intracerebral. Cepas neurovirulentas (GDVII e FA) induzem uma encefalite aguda e fatal, enquanto aquelas de baixa virulência (TO, WW, DA e BeAn) persistem no sistema nervoso central, induzindo doença crônica, caracterizada por desmielinização. A infecção natural por TMEV tem sido demonstrada em colônias onvencionais de camundongos e, em sua maioria, a infecção é assintomática. Embora o TMEV seja descrito como um patógeno de camundongos, anticorpos para TMEV-GDVII têm sido detectados em soros de ratos provenientes de biotérios que mantêm colônias convencionais. A prevalência da infecção por TMEV-GDVII nestas colônias de ratos é alta, em torno de 54,6%. Assim, este trabalho teve por finalidade demonstrar, por métodos sorológicos e molecular, a infecção natural por TMEV em colônias de ratos. Soros destes animais foram analisados pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta e a presença de anticorpos anti-TMEV-GDVII foi detectada em 86,3% deles. Ao mesmo tempo, pelo teste de soroneutralização, 77,2% destes soros demonstraram anticorpos neutralizantes para TMEV-GDVII. Com o objetivo de isolar o vírus de ratos, sistemas ¿in vitro¿ e ¿in vivo¿ foram utilizados. Nove passagens sucessivas de amostras de suspensão intestinal foram feitas em células BHK-21 e não foi possível demonstrar efeito citopático. Sinais clínicos da infecção por TMEV em camundongos, ou seja, paralisia das patas posteriores e tremores, foram demonstrados em camundongos e ratos neonatos inoculados com suspensão intestinal de ratos soropositivos e com a cepa padrão de TMEV-GDVII. Os resultados da RT-PCR demonstraram a presença de RNA viral em amostras de cérebro de ratos inoculados com a suspensão intestinal, com TMEV-GDVII e nas amostras de fezes de ratos provenientes de diferentes biotérios convencionais. Os resultados demonstram que ratos se infectam naturalmente por TMEV e, embora hajam poucas descrições na literatura da interferência deste vírus em pesquisas biomédicas, a monitoração sanitária para TMEV em biotérios que mantêm colônias de ratos deve ser incluída
Abstract: Theiler¿s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) is an enteric pathogen of mice and belongs to the Cardiovirus genus in the family Picornaviridae. TMEV is a non-enveloped, icosaedric virus with 20 ¿ 30 nm size and it has an RNAss positive sense genome. TMEV has been divided in two subgroups on the basis of their biological activities after intracerebral inoculation. Neurovirulent strains (GDVII and FA) causes an acute and fatal encephalitis in mice and in contrast, low neurovirulent strains (DA, BeAn 8386, WW and TO) causes a persistent infection in the central nervous system and produce a chronic disease characterized by demyelination. TMEV infection with low neurovirulent strains has been used as an experimental model to help the studies on demyelination process induced by virus infection and to study diseases as Multiple Sclerosis. The natural infection by TMEV has been related in conventional colonies of mice and it¿s frequently asymptomatic. Although TMEV has been described as a pathogen of mice, antibodies against TMEV-GDVII has been detected in serum of rats reared in non-barrier colonies. Facing this, the purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the natural infection of TMEV in rat colonies through serological and molecular methods (RT-PCR). The rat serum were analysed by indirect immunofluorescence assay and antibodies against TMEV-GDVII were detected in 86,3% of the serum analysed. In the neutralization assay, 77,2% of the same serum showed neutralizing antibodies anti TMEVGDVII. To further isolate this rat virus, ¿in vitro¿ and ¿in vivo¿ systems were used. Nine blinded passages of the intestinal suspension were realized in BHK-21 cells, but no citopathic effect was identified. Clinical signs of TMEV infection in mice were characterized by flaccid paralisis of hind legs and tremor when newborn rats and mice were inoculated with intestinal suspension of seropositive rats and with the prototype strain of TMEV-GDVII. The RT-PCR results showed the RNA genome in the brain samples of rats and mice inoculated both with the intestinal suspension and the prototype strain. In the fecal samples, the RNA genome was also detected. In summary, rats can be naturally infected by TMEV and although there are a few examples in the literature of TMEV infection interference with biomedical researches, a health monitoring program for TMEV should be included in the rat colonies
Mestrado
Microbiologia
Genetica e Biologia Molecular

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Fraga, Rogerio de. "Alterações quantitativas das fibras nervosas na parede vesical de ratas ooforectomizadas : estudo estereologico." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308660.

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Orientador: Cassio Luis Zanettini Riccetto, Paulo Cesar Rodrigues Palma
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: O período após a menopausa é associado com elevada incidência de sintomas no trato urinário baixo. Dentre os principais, destaca-se a síndrome da bexiga hiperativa e infecções urinárias recorrentes. Há uma dificuldade para separar os fatores relacionados à senescência daqueles associados com a menopausa, que podem interferir no aparecimento das disfunções miccionais na mulher idosa. A alteração mais significativa na menopausa é a deprivação estrogênica. Esta condição tem sugerido a indicação de estrogenioterapia no período pós-menopausa, com a finalidade de reduzir a sintomatologia urinária. Porém, as repercussões do hipoestrogenismo no trato urinário inferior ainda permanecem por ser estabelecidas. Este estudo foi conduzido utilizando-se 40 ratas Wistar (3 meses de idade) divididas em 4 grupos de 10 animais: Grupo 1: controle; Grupo 2: submetido à ooforectomia bilateral e após 4 semanas iniciada reposição sub-cutânea diária de 17 ß-estradiol durante 12 semanas; Grupo 3: procedimento SHAM e após 4 semanas iniciada reposição diária sub-cutânea de óleo de sésamo por 12 semanas e Grupo 4: submetidas à ooforectomia bilateral e sacrificadas após 12 semanas sem reposição hormonal. Foi utilizada técnica de imunohistoquímica para coloração das lâminas com anticorpo policlonal S-100. A aferição da densidade volumétrica das fibras nervosas na parede vesical foi efetuada através da estereologia utilizando-se o sistema ¿ teste G50. As ratas do Grupo IV, submetidas à ooforectomia sem reposição hormonal, apresentaram densidade volumétrica de fibras nervosas menor que os outros grupos (p<0.001 - teste de Newman-Keuls). Nos outros parâmetros analisados não houve diferença. A ooforectomia bilateral, em ratas, causou diminuição da densidade volumétrica de fibras nervosas vesicais. A administração de estradiol, no grupo castrado, apresentou diferença significativa nos parâmetros estereológicos analisados, em relação aos animais castrados sem reposição (p<0,001)
Abstract: The postmenopausal period is associated with a high incidence of symptoms in the lower urinary tract. The main urological bladder symptoms are urge incontinence and recurring urinary tract infections. It is hard to separate the influence of aging from that of menopause when studying the etiology of dysfunction in elderly women. The most significant result of menopause is estrogen deprivation. This fact has led to the use of hormonal replacement in postmenopausal women with lower urinary tract dysfunction. However, the best treatment in terms of type, dosage and method of estrogen administration has still not been defined. This study was conducted on 40 Wistar rats (3 months old). Group 1: remained intact; Group 2: underwent bilateral ovariectomy and after 4 weeks daily replacement of 17 ß-estradiol for 12 weeks; Group 3: sham operated and after 4 weeks daily replacement of sesame oil for 12 weeks and Group 4: underwent bilateral ovariectomy and were sacrified after 12 weeks. It was used imunohistochemistry evaluation using S-100 polyclonal antibody to stain the fibers on parafin rat bladder sections. The G50 stereologycal grid system was used to analyze the fibers. Ovariectomy had a decrease effect on the volumetric density of the neural fibers in the bladder wall. Estradiol replacement in castrated animals demonstrated a significative difference in the stereological parameters when compared to the castrated group without hormonal replacement. Long-term estrogen deprivation caused significant changes in bladder innervation, which can be characterized by a decreased number of nerves fibers by 65% (p<0.001)
Doutorado
Cirurgia
Doutor em Cirurgia

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Peruzzo, Daiane Cristina. "Impacto do estresse na doença periodontal." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289104.

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Orientadores: Getulio da Rocha Nogueira Filho, Francisco Humberto Nociti Junior
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Estudos em animais e epidemiológicos têm sugerido que o estresse pode alterar o estabelecimento e a progressão da doença periodontal (DP). Entretanto, dados relacionados ao efeito do estresse e seus mecanismos envolvidos na DP ainda são limitados. Os objetivos deste estudos foram: i) revisar sistematicamente a literatura sobre a influência do estresse crônico (EC) na DP; ii) analisar o impacto do EC induzido em ratos na progressão da DP e na regulação de genes relacionados à progressão da doença, bem como na alteração dos biomarcadores do estresse (catecolaminas e corticoesterona); iii) avaliar a viabilidade do uso da droga metirapone (MT), como um modelo experimental em ratos, para inibir a produção de glicocorticóides (GC), determinando, assim, o efeito do EC nos tecidos periodontais. Para a revisão sistemática, foi realizada uma busca na literatura e os dados dos estudos foram extraídos e avaliados por dois revisores independentes. Para os trabalhos em animais, foram realizados experimentos em ratos machos, Wistar, divididos em grupos com 20 animais cada: controle, DP induzida por ligadura, DP + EC (restrição de movimento e isolamento, 12h/dia) e DP + EC + administração de MT (3 doses/dia de 50mg/Kg). Após 30 dias todos os animais foram sacrificados. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para mensurar os biomarcadores do EC, o tecido marginal, ao redor dos sítios com e sem ligaduras foi coletado para avaliar a expressão de genes por meio de PCRq (Reação de Polimerase em Cadeia quantitativa) e as mandíbulas foram removidas e fixadas para mensuração histométrica da perda óssea interradicular (POI). Análise dos dados demonstrou que: i) a maioria dos estudos analisados apresentaram um desfecho positivo entre EC e DP; ii) os biomarcadores do estresse, na presença de EC, podem localmente modular a DP por meio de um aumento local nas proporções dos genes pró-inflamatórios e pró-reabsorção, favorecendo, assim a destruição óssea periodontal; e, iii) a administração de MT resultou num importante efeito na redução dos níveis sistêmicos de GC, entretanto, pode-se observar que a administração da droga alterou a expressão de fatores importantes na modulação da DP e conseqüentemente refletiu nos níveis de POI. Dentro dos limites deste estudo, pode-se concluir que o EC significativamente apresenta uma relação com a DP e o aumento local de fatores pró-inflamatórios e pró-reabsorção pode ser o mecanismo envolvido na progressão da doença. Além disso, a administração de MT é capaz de reduzir os níveis sistêmicos de GC, entretanto, modula a expressão de fatores relacionados à progressão da DP, resultando em POI
Abstract: Animal and epidemiological studies have suggested that stress may modify the establishment and progression of periodontal disease (PD). However, data regarding the effect of stress and the mechanisms involved in PD are limited. The aim of this study was: i) to review systematically the literature about the influence of chronic stress (CS) on PD ii) to evaluate the impact of CS, induced in rats, in the progression of PD and regulation of genes related to the disease progression, as well as the variations of stress biomarkers (cathecolamines e corticoesterone); iii) to evaluate the feasibility of the use of metyrapone (MT) as an experimental model to inhibit glucocorticoid (GC) production and, therefore, as a method to determine the effect of CS on periodontal tissues. A systematic literature search was performed and the data of the studies were independently extracted and evaluated by two reviewers. The animal studies were carried out on male Wistar rats assigned to 3 groups with 20 animals each: control, PD induced by ligature; PD associated with CS (restraint stress and isolation, 12 h/day) and PD + CS + MT administration (3 daily doses, 50mg/Kg). After 30 days, all animals were sacrificed. Blood samples were obtained and the concentrations of corticosterone and catecholamines measured as biomarkers of CS, marginal tissues around ligated and non-ligated teeth were harvested and gene expression assessed by qPCR (quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction) and the jaws were removed and fixed to histometrically determine the interradicular bone loss (IBL). Data analysis demonstrated that: i) the majority of the studies showed a positive outcome between CS and PD; ii) the stress biomarkers may locally modulate PD by an increase of the local ratio of pro-inflammatory and pro-resorptive genes, thus favoring tissue destruction; and, iii) MT administration resulted in an important lowering effect of GC systemic levels, however, it could be observed that MT administration modified the expression of important factors which modulate PD, and consequently reflected the IBL. Within the limits of this study, it may be speculated that CS has a significant relationship with PD and the local increase in pro-inflammatory and pro-resorptive factors can be the mechanisms involved in disease progression. Moreover, MT administration is able to lower systemic levels of GC, however, it modulates the expression of factors related to periodontitis progression, resulting in IBL
Doutorado
Periodontia
Doutor em Clínica Odontológica

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Maruo, Viviane Mayumi. "Estudo dos possíveis efeitos tóxicos da exposição à Solanum lycocarpum em ratos adultos e em sua prole." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10133/tde-05022004-155718/.

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Solanum lycocarpum St. Hill é uma planta comum no cerrado brasileiro e possui um alcalóide com configuração estereoespecífica para a síntese de hormônios esteróides. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido para determinar os possíveis efeitos tóxicos da ingestão dos frutos de S. lycocarpum (3% adicionados à dieta) em ratos adultos machos (60 dias de administração), fêmeas (37 dias) e fêmeas prenhes (nos períodos de pré-implantação e organogênese). Poucas diferenças significantes no peso corpóreo e no consumo de água e ração foram observadas. Nenhuma diferença significante foi detectada no ganho de peso dos animais e no ciclo estral. Ratas tratadas apresentaram redução significante nos pesos do útero e do fígado. Porém, nenhuma diferença significante foi observada nos pesos de outros órgãos (adrenal, fígado, vesícula seminal, testículo e ovário) e na avaliação de enzimas e proteínas sangüíneas de ratos fêmeas e machos. Ao estudo anatomopatológico as fêmeas apresentaram maior incidência de hiperplasia do epitélio endometrial, cistos foliculares, proliferação de ductos biliares, congestão hepática e renal. A administração da planta no período de pré-implantação causou poucas alterações nos consumos de água e comida das fêmeas e sua prole apresentou aumento de hemorragia do bulbo olfatório. O consumo da planta durante a organogênese aumentou a média de filhotes fêmeas, reduziu o peso da placenta e aumentou o número de fetos com esternébrios assimétricos. Tomando estes dados em conjunto, pode-se sugerir que a administração da S. lycocarpum à 3% na ração causa efeitos tóxicos em ratas adultas e na prole, principalmente quando exposta durante o período de organogênese.
Solanum lycocarpum St. Hill is a common plant in Brazilian savanna. This plant has an alkaloid with stereospecific configuration to the synthesis of steroid hormones. Since the plant may be long-term consumed, the present study was undertaken to determine the possible toxic effects of S. lycocarpum fruit ingestion (3% added to the diet) on male (60 days of administration), female (37 days) adult rats and pregnant female (during preimplantation and organogenesis). Few significant differences in the body weight and consumption of food and water were observed. No significant differences were detected in the male and female weight gain and the estrous cycle. Female treated rats showed a significant reduction in the uterus and liver weights. However, no significant differences were observed in other organ (adrenal, liver, seminal vesicle, testicle and ovary) weights and in the evaluation of blood enzimes and proteins of the female and male rats. The anatomopathological study showed a higher incidence of endometrial epithely hiperplasy, pholicular cysts, biliary ducts proliferation, hepatic and renal congestion in female rats. Plant administration during preimplantation caused few alterations in food and water consumption in female and their offspring showed increase in olfactory bulb hemorragy. Plant consumption during organogenesis increased the media of female pups, reduced placental weight and increased the number of fetuses with assimetric sternebrae. These data suggest that the S. lycocarpum administration at 3% causes toxic effects in adult female rats and in the offspring, specially when exposed to the plant during organogenesis.

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Esper, Luís Augusto. "Avaliação da cicatrização de defeitos ósseos criados cirurgicamente em calvárias de ratos tratados com regeneração óssea guiada e enxertos de origem bovina associados ou não ao laser de baixa intensidade. Estudo histológico e histométrico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25146/tde-26022016-141730/.

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O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar histologicamente o papel do laser de baixa intensidade (LB) no processo de cicatrização óssea de defeitos de tamanho crítico em calvárias de ratos tratados com osso bovino (BO) associados a regeneração óssea guiada (ROG). Foram utilizados 80 ratos machos adultos (Rattus norvegicus, albinus, Wistar), pesando entre 250 e 300 g. Um defeito ósseo de tamanho crítico (DTC) com 5 mm de diâmetro foi criado na calvária de cada animal. Os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em 8 grupos de tratamento (n=10), sendo: 1) Grupo C (controle), 2) Grupo LB - laser de baixa intensidade (laser de baixa intensidade - GaAlAs, 730nm, 100mW, 6J, 210J/cm2), 3) Grupo BO (osso bovino), 4) Grupo ROG (membrana colágena), 5) Grupo BO/ROG (osso bovino/membrana colágena), 6) Grupo BO/LB (osso bovino/laser de baixa intensidade), 7) Grupo ROG/LB (membrana colágena/laser de baixa intensidade), 8) Grupo BO/ROG/LB (osso bovino/laser de baixa intensidade/membrana colágena). Após 30 dias, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia. As variáveis avaliadas foram: área de osso neoformado (AON), extensão linear de osso (ELO) e área de partículas remanescentes (APR). Foi utilizado o teste paramétrico ANOVA, seguido pelo teste de Tukey. Todos os grupos apresentaram maiores médias de AON em relação ao grupo C, exceto os grupos BO, BO/ROG e BO/ROG/LB. Todos os grupos apresentaram médias de ELO estatisticamente diferente do grupo C, exceto o BO. O grupo BO/ROG/LB não apresentou maiores médias de AON e ELO que o Grupo BO/ROG, entretanto mostrou maior formação óssea na região da membrana quando utilizado o LB em associação ao BO/ROG na análise histológica. Maior APR foi observada nos grupos em que BO não foi irradiado pelo LB. Entretanto, não ocorreu diferença estatisticamente significativa entre APR nos grupos BO e BO/ROG, BO/LB e BO/ROG/LB, BO/ROG e BO/ROG/LB. O LB não levou a maior formação óssea histométrica quando associado ao BO/ROG, apesar de promover maior formação óssea na análise histológica na região da membrana.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate histologically the low level laser (LB) on bone healing in critical-size calvarial defects (CSD) in rats treated with inorganic bovine bone (BO) and guided bone regeneration (GBR). Were used 80 male adult rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus Wistar) weighing 250 to 300 g. A bone defect of critical size (DTC) with 5 mm in diameter was created in the calvaria of each animal. The animals were randomly divided into 8 treatment groups (n = 10), 1) Group C (control), 2) Group LB - low level laser (low level laser - GaAlAs, 730nm, 100mW, 6J, 210J / cm2 ), 3) Group BO (bovine bone), 4) Group ROG (collagen membrane), 5) Group BO / ROG (bovine bone / collagen membrane), 6) Group BO/ LB (bovine bone / low level laser), 7) Group ROG / LB (collagen membrane / low level laser), 8) Group BO / LB / ROG (bovine bone /low level laser / collagen membrane). After 30 days, the animals were euthanized. The variables analyzed were newly formed bone area (AON), linear extension of bone (ELO) and area of remnant particles (APR). The parametric test ANOVA followed by Tukey\'s test was used. All groups have the highest mean AON compared to C group except the group BO, BO/ROG and BO / ROG / LB. All groups showed mean of ELO statistically different from group C, except the BO. The Group BO/ROG/LB did not show higher ELO and AON than Group BO/ROG, however showed increased bone formation in the membrane area when used LB with BO/ROG in the histological analysis. Higher APR was observed in the groups where BO is not irradiated by LB. However, there was no significant difference between APR in BO BO and BO/ROG groups, BO/LB and BO/ROG/LB groups. The LB has not provide greater histometric bone formation when combined with BO / ROG, despite promote greater bone formation in the histological analysis.

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Sbrana, Michyele Cristhiane. "Avaliação de diferentes protocolos de aplicação do laser de baixa intensidade associado ou não ao osso bovino inorgânico (Bio-Oss®) na cicatrização de defeitos ósseos criados cirurgicamente em calvárias de ratos. Estudo histológico e hist." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25146/tde-26022016-160221/.

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O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar diferentes protocolos de aplicação do laser de baixa intensidade (LBI) associados ou não ao osso bovino inorgânico (Bio-Oss®) na cicatrização de defeitos ósseos de tamanho crítico (DTC) em calvárias de ratos. Foram utilizados 90 ratos machos adultos (Rattus norvegicus, albinus, Wistar). Um defeito de tamanho crítico (DTC) de 5 mm de diâmetro foi criado cirurgicamente na calvária de cada animal. Os animais foram divididos igualmente (n=10) e aleatoriamente em 9 gruposexperimentais: 1) grupo C (controle), 2) grupo LBI (4J) (laser de baixa intensidade GaAlAs, 730 nm, 100 mW, 4J, 140 J/cm2), 3) Grupo LBI (6J) (laser de baixa intensidade GaAlAs, 730 nm, 100 mW, 6J, 210 J/cm2), 4) Grupo BO (osso bovino inorgânico), 5) Grupo BO + LBI (4J) (osso bovino inorgânico + laser de baixa intensidade 4J), 6) Grupo BO + LBI (6J) (osso bovino inorgânico + laser de baixa intensidade 6J), 7) Grupo OA (osso autógeno), 8) Grupo OA + LBI (4J) (osso autógeno + laser de baixa intensidade 4J), 9) Grupo OA + LBI (6J) (osso autógeno + laser de baixa intensidade 6J). Os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia aos 30 dias pós-operatórios. Foram avaliadas a área de osso neoformado (AON), extensão linear de osso (ELO) e área de partículas remanescentes (APR). Os dados foram submetidos ao teste paramétrico ANOVA, seguido pelo teste de Tukey (p<0,05). O grupo BO+LBI (6J) demonstrou maior média (48,57 ± 28,22%) de AON e o grupo C a menor média (9,96 ± 4,49%) de AON. Os grupos LBI (6J), OA+LBI (6J) e BO+LBI (6J) demonstraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas de AON em relação ao grupo C. Em relação a ELO, apenas os grupos BO e BO+LBI (4J) não demonstraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas quando comparados ao grupo C, e a maior diferença entre as médias de ELO foram nas comparações do grupo LBI (6J) (76,55 ± 15,54%) com o grupo C (16,00 ± 9,86%. Maior APR foi observada nos grupos em que BO não foi irradiado pelo LBI. Porém, quando comparado o Grupo BO+LBI (6J) aos grupos OA+LBI (4J) e BO+LBI (4J) não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas. O protocolo do LBI (6J) promoveu maior formação óssea quando utilizado isoladamente ou associado ao BO, tornando-se uma opção vantajosa para ser utilizado no tratamento de defeitos ósseos.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate different protocols of low-level laser (LLL) application combined or not with inorganic bovine bone (Bio-Oss®) in the healing process of bone defects of critical size (CSD) in rat calvaria. 90 male adult rats (Rattusnorvegicus, albinus, Wistar) were used. A critical size defect (CSD) of 5 mm in diameter was surgically created in the calvaria of each rat. The rats were then divided equally (n=10) and randomly into 9 experimental groups: 1) Group C (control) 2) Group LBI (4J) (low-level laser - GaAlAs, 730 nm, 100 mW, 4J, 140 J/cm2), 3) Group LBI (6) (low- level laser - GaAlAs, 730 nm, 100 mW, 6J, 210 J/cm2), 4) Group BO (inorganic bovine bone), 5) Group BO + LBI (4J) (inorganic bovine bone + low-level laser 4J), 6) Group BO LBI (6J) (inorganic bovine bone + low-level laser 6J), 7) Group OA (autogenous bone), 8) Group OA + LBI (4J) (autogenous bone + low-level laser 4J), 9 Group OA + LBI (6J) (autogenous bone + low-level laser 6J). The rats utilized were euthanized 30 days post-operation. The areas of new bone formation (ANB), linear extension bone (LEB), and areas of remaining particles (ARP) were evaluated. The data underwent the parametric ANOVA test, followed by the Tukey test (p<0,05). Group BO+LBI (6J) presented the greatest average (48,57 ± 28,22%) of ANB and Group C presented the lowest average (9,96 ± 4,49%) of ANB. The groups LBI (6J), OA+LBI (6J), and BO+LBI (6J) presented statistically significant differences of ANB in comparison to Group C. Regarding the LEB, only the groups BO and BO+LBI (4J) did not present differences statistically significant in comparison to Group C. The largest difference between the averages of LEB were in the comparison of Group LBI (6J) (76,55 ± 15,54%) with Group C (16,00 ± 9,86%). The largest ARP was observed in the groups where the inorganic bovine bone was not irradiated by the LLL. However, when comparing Group BO+LBI (6J) to Group OA+LBI (4J) and BO+LBI (4J), no statistically significant differences were noted. The protocols of LLL (6J) promoted greater bone formation when used alone or combined with the inorganic bovine bone, making it an advantageous option for treating bone defects.

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Cirqueira, Renata Tardivo. "Efeitos dos extratos aquosos de jambolão (Eugenia jambolana Lamark) e pitanga (Eugenia uniflora Linnaeus) sobre os parâmetros renais e a pressão arterial em ratos wistar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59139/tde-05072007-171634/.

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Plantas que possuem efeito diurético são amplamente utilizadas pela população no tratamento de algumas doenças importantes como edema e hipertensão. Os efeitos de muitas delas ainda não foram confirmados, desse modo, se faz cada vez mais necessário o esclarecimento do uso terapêutico das plantas medicinais. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram: (a) estudar os efeitos dos extratos aquosos (EA) de pitanga (P) e jambolão (J) sobre a pressão arterial (PA) e alguns parâmetros renais em ratos normotensos anestesiados e (b) verificar a existência de flavonóides nesses extratos, bem como realizar a identificação e o doseamento de tais compostos. Os EA foram preparados pelo método de decocção e administrados por via intragástrica (gavage) em diferentes concentrações: 10%, 15%, 20% e 25%. Tais concentrações corresponderam respectivamente às doses de 56, 94, 145, 172 mg de P/Kg e a 44, 73, 83, 95 mg de J/Kg. Os animais foram divididos em dez grupos de sete indivíduos (n=7): controle (C), controle de sódio e potássio (CNa/K), P-10%, P-15%, P-20%, P-25%, J-10%, J-15%, J-20% e J-25%. Ratos Wistar machos normotensos, pesando em torno de 180g, foram anestesiados (hypnol 3%) e submetidos a uma traqueotomia. A artéria carótida esquerda foi canulada para coletar o sangue e medir a PA com um manômetro de mercúrio, em intervalos de 15 minutos. A veia jugular direita foi canulada para injetar soluções e a bexiga urinária foi canulada para coletar a urina, em períodos de 30 minutos. O protocolo experimental foi dividido em basal (para avaliação dos parâmetros basais) e experimentais (posteriores à administração dos EA). Os resultados analisados através dos testes estatísticos de ANOVA e Tukey foram apresentados como média ± desvio padrão (p<0.05). Os animais apresentaram o mesmo padrão de resposta para ambas as plantas estudadas: nos animais que receberam os EA nas concentrações de 10% e 25% as reduções da PA foram mais potentes (±30%) e desencadearam respostas renais como reduções no fluxo plasmático renal, além da ausência do aumento da diurese e redução da natriurese e caliurese. Entretanto, nos animais que receberam os EA nas concentrações intermediárias (15% e 20%), onde o efeito hipotensivo foi mais discreto (±20%), o aumento do fluxo plasmático renal possibilitou evidenciar um potente efeito diurético, além de um aumento da natriurese e da caliurese. O balanço entre os efeitos hipotensivo e diurético apresentado pelos animais após a administração dos extratos das plantas estudadas demonstra a interdependência entre a hemodinâmica e a função renal. Cromatografias em Camada Delgada (CCD) e Reações Cromáticas de Identificação confirmaram a existência de flavonóides do grupo dos flavonóis (quercetina, quercitrina e miricetina) nos EA de P e J. Informações científicas mostram que os flavonóis presentes nas plantas estudadas têm atividade vasodilatadora e que a quercetina tem boa absorção e biodisponibilidade. Assim sugerimos que esse composto secundário pode ser o responsável pelos efeitos hipotensivo e diurético relatados neste trabalho.
Plants which have a diuretic effect are widely used by people in the treatment of some important diseases such as edema and hypertension. These effects are not entirely known and, this way, the elucidation of the effects of medicinal plants is still necessary. The objectives of this work were: (a) to study the effects of pitanga (P) and jambolão (J) aqueous extracts (AE) on the arterial pressure (AP) and some renal parameters in normotensive and anesthetized rats and (b) to verify the occurrence of flavonoids in these extracts, as well as to identify and to dose these compounds. The AE were prepared by the decoction method and administrated intragastrically in different concentrations: 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. These concentrations corresponded respectively to doses of 56, 94, 145,172 mg of P/Kg and 44, 73, 83, 95 mg of J/Kg. The animals were divided in ten groups of seven individuals (n=7): control (C), sodium and potassium control (CNa/K), P¬10%, P-15%, P-20%, P-25%, J-10%, J-15%, J-20% e J-25%. Male normotensive Wistar rats, weighing approximately 180g, were anesthetized (hypnol 3%) and submitted to tracheotomy. The left carotid artery was catheterized to collect blood and measure the AP with a mercury manometer, in at intervals of 15 minutes. The right jugular vein was catheterized to inject solutions and the bladder was catheterized for urine collection, in periods of 30 minutes. The experimental protocol was divided in four periods of 30 minutes each: basal (to evaluate the basal parameters) and experimental (after the AE administration). The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test (X±SD, p<0.05). The animals presented the same response pattern to both studied plants: the animals that received the AE in 10% and 25% presented strong AP reductions (±30%) what promoted renal responses as reduction in plasmatic renal flow, lack of increase in diurese and reduction of natriurese and caliurese. However, the animals that received intermediate AE concentrations (15% and 20%) presented discrete AP reductions (±20%) and the increase of plasmatic renal flow evidenced a strong diuretic effect besides higher natridiurese and caliurese. The balance between the hypotensive and diuretic effects observed in the animals after the administration of the plant extracts proved the interdependence between the hemodynamic and renal function. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Chromatic Reactions of Identification confirmed the presence of flavonoids from the group of the flavonols (quercetin, quercitrin and myricetin) in the AE of P and J. In the literature there are reports that flavonols present in the analyzed plants have vasodilator activity and the quercetin has good absorption and bioavailability. Thus, we suggest that this secondary compound could be responsible for the hypotensive and diuretic effects found in this work.

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Reuter, Brian K. "Pathogenesis of NSAID-induced intestinal toxicity, studies in healthy rats and rats with colitis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0020/NQ47910.pdf.

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Bliss, Edward Robert Clegg. "The pelvic ganglion of male and female rats in developing male and female rats." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267914.

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Sörgård, Svenning Jörgen. "Using radar for monitoring lab rats: Data analysis and radar parameter tuning for rats." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för elektronikkonstruktion, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-37595.

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I April 2018 an experiment was conducted at the university of Bergen in collaboration with Novelda using the XeThru range-doppler radar. The goal of the experiment was to record data on rats using XeThru radar and by using traditional medical sensors, to see if a XeThru radar can be used instead of the traditional sensors. The data from the experiment consisted of data saved as EDF (European Data Format) from the traditional sensors, radar data and video. The rest goal of this thesis was to analyze the different data types. Then to look at the radar data with the goal of seeing if respiration detection on rats was possible and try to create a radar pro le for use on rats. This report focuses on only one of the rats from the experiment, because this rat was recorded using a video camera. In a preliminary project a python program had been written to use on the EDF data. The program was expanded upon in this thesis to optimize the performance. The python program took the EDF data and extracted the desired signal, data from a muscle sensor, and plotted it, making it possible to analyze. For the radar data Matlab was used, since Novelda already had the tools to process the data using that program. This worked using parameter les to set all the necessary settings to do a playback and change the radar and processing settings. The work then consisted of changing the parameters to get the best results on the data from the rats. A parameter le was created for use on rats that was based on the parameter le for respiration detection on adult humans. The conclusion on the EDF data was that it was not possible to nd a pattern for respiration using the muscle sensor. The radar data fortunately yielded better results. After much testing and optimization it was possible to get good respiration detection on rat 7. Some of the e ndings was possible noise problems and sources. The radar was mounted to the rack holding the cages. This meant it was susceptible to vibration noise form the other rats in the same rack and to the construction work being done at the university. Another problem with mounting of the radar was that is was to close to the cage, because the rat slept close to the wall of the cage closest to the radar. Then the problem of directly coupled energy interfered with the actual signal form the radar. It is still unclear if a radar sensor can replace the traditional sensors, but it is very possible to detect respiration on rats. With some more work, and possible a new experiment xing the noise sources, can make it possible.

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Amorim, João Paulo de Arruda 1981. "Caracterização do comportamento materno e suas implicações no desenvovimento fisico,na função reprodutiva e no perfil hormonal da prole feminina de ratas UChA e UChB (consumidoras voluntárias de etanol a 10%)." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317536.

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Orientadores: Francisco Eduardo Martinez, Wilson de Mello Junior
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Estudos realizados com mães dependentes de etanol demonstraram que elas apresentam maior dificuldade em cuidar de suas crianças, quando comparadas às mães não dependentes, evidenciando um distúrbio no comportamento materno durante o período pós-natal, que corresponde ao período onde as primeiras ligações sociais do animal são formadas e o organismo está muito sensível aos efeitos de estímulos ambientais. Vários estudos têm documentado as conseqüências do uso de etanol durante a gestação para a saúde do infante, porém pouca atenção tem sido dada à relação materno-infantil em mulheres alcoólicas durante o período pós-natal e as consequências dessa relação para prole feminina na vida adulta. O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de caracterizar o comportamento materno das ratas da variedade consumidora de etanol (UChA e UChB) e verificar as influências da variação do comportamento materno no desenvolvimento físico, na função reprodutiva e no status hormonal da prole feminina. O comportamento foi avaliado observando os seguintes parâmetros: carregar, lamber, amamentar com o dorso arcado e lamber, amamentar com o dorso arcado, amamentar passivamente e não contato com a prole. A avaliação do desenvolvimento físico da prole feminina considerou o dia do nascimento dos pêlos, da abertura dos olhos e do descolamento de orelhas. Para avaliar o desenvolvimento sexual inicial foram analisados os dias da abertura vaginal e idade do primeiro e segundo estro. A função reprodutiva foi avaliada pela regularidade de ciclo estral, pela expressão dos receptores AR, ER-? e ER-? no ovário e pelo perfil hormonal da prole feminina (níveis plasmáticos de FSH, LH, 17?-estradiol, progesterona e corticosterona). As fêmeas UChA apresentaram maiores frequências dos comportamentos de carregar, de lamber/limpar e de amamentar os filhotes. Mães muito cuidadosas apresentaram concentrações elevadas de corticosterona e 17?-estradiol. A prole UChA apresentou maior ganho de peso corporal, aceleração da abertura dos olhos, da abertura vaginal, da instalação da puberdade e sincronização do ciclo estral. A prole feminina que recebeu baixo cuidado materno (UChB) revelou maior duração do ciclo estral, aumento das concentrações de corticosterona e 17?-estradiol e de seus receptores ovarianos (ER-? e ER-?), maior peso dos ovários, maior número de folículos primordiais, antrais e maduros e mais imunomarcações positivas do Ki67 nos folículos ovarianos. Concluímos que a variedade de ratas UChB, apresenta acentuada variação do comportamento materno, sendo classificada como mãe pouco cuidadosa e essa variação do cuidado materno afeta diretamente o desenvolvimento físico, a instalação da puberdade, os níveis hormonais, desregula o ciclo estral e a foliculogênese e regula diferencialmente a expressão dos receptores ER-? e ER-? nos ovários de ratas adultas
Abstract: Studies focused on drug-dependent mothers (mainly ethanol-dependent mothers) have demonstrated that there is an enormous difference in the care of their children compared to non-dependent mothers, showing an disorder in maternal behavior during the postnatal period, which corresponds to the period where the first social bonds are formed and the animal's organism is very sensible to the effects of environmental stimuli. Various studies have documented the consequences of ethanol use during pregnancy for the health of the infant, but little attention has been given to the mother-child relationship in alcoholic female during the postnatal period and the consequences of this relationship to female offspring in adulthood. The aim of the present work is to evaluate maternal care in ethanol-preferring rats (UChA and UChB) and its effects on physical development, in sexual function and in status hormones in female offspring. The behavior was evaluated by observing the following parameters: carry, licking/grooming, arched-back nursing and licking/grooming, arched-back nursing, passive nursing, contact and not with the pups. The evaluation of the physical development of the female offspring considered the day of birth of hair, eye opening and detached ears. To evaluate the early sexual development were analyzed days of vaginal opening and age of first and second estrous. The reproductive function was evaluated by the regularity of the estrous cycle, the expression of receptors AR, ER-? and ER-? in the ovary and the hormonal status of female offspring (plasma levels of FSH, LH, 17?-estradiol, progesterone and corticosterone). UChA mothers showed higher frequencies of carrying, licking/grooming and nursing the pups. Mothers high care evidencing the highest plasma corticosterone levels and 17?-estradiol. The UChA offspring showed greater body weight gain, accelerated eye opening, vaginal opening, the installation and synchronization of estrous cycle. The female offspring who received low maternal care (UChB) showed an increase of the estrous cycle, concentrations of corticosterone and 17?-estradiol and ovarian receptors (ER-? and ER-?, higher ovarian weight and increased number of primordial, antral and mature follicles and higher Immunoreactivity for Ki-67 in the ovarian follicles. We conclude that UChB rats show marked variations in maternal care, being classified as low maternal care and the variation of maternal care directly affects the physical, the installation of puberty, hormone levels, deregulate the estrous cycle and folliculogenesis and differentially regulates the expression of receptors ER-? and ER-? in the ovaries of adult rats
Doutorado
Anatomia
Doutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural

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19

Gilbert, Tanya. "Somatotroph regulation in dwarf rats." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322764.

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Algaidi, Sami Awda H. "Homocysteine and learning in rats." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446586.

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Rats were injected daily with two doses of HCY (20-mg/kg and 200-mg/kg) for variable duration and spatial memory was assessed in the water maze. Animals were tested 30min after injection using two paradigms: 1) the reference memory (RM) paradigm in which the position of the platform in the water maze was kept constant over days in order to test long-term memory, 2) the delayed matching to position (DMTP) paradigm in which the platform position changed every day in order to test working/short-term memory. We found that HCY induced a differential effect on memory depending on animal’s age and the task employed. In the first group of animals, HCY administration for 13 weeks, in contrast to all expectations, enhanced reversal learning in reference memory paradigm in 8-10 weeks old animals, with no effect on the acquisition or memory retention in the probe trials. In the second group of animals, in contrast to young animals, HCY administration enhanced memory of young-adult rats (5-month old) when a DMTP task was employed. At the level of receptors, HCY enhancement is unlikely to be mediated via NMDA receptors alone, because HCY failed to revert MK801-induced (NMDA receptors antagonist) memory impairment observed with a DMTP task. Surprisingly, we found that HCY partially reversed scopolamine-induced memory impairment, which may indicate that HCY has some activity on cholinergic system. In the third group of animals (1-year-old), HCY administration for 2 weeks, in contrast to the 5-month old rats, impaired memory in the DMTP task. Also, we found that HCY plasma level in the 200-mg/kg group was about 600% more than controls. This may reflect a reduced ability to clear HCY which may explain the absence of any impairment in young animals where HCY level increased by 50% only after 13 weeks of treatment. In conclusion, given that memory impairment was observed in old animals may indicate that hyperhomocysteinemia probably plays a role in AD. However, HCY effects are overt only in already predisposed old patients.

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Kendig, Michael David. "Cue-Potentiated Feeding In Rats." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17359.

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Cue-potentiated feeding (CPF) describes the stimulation of food consumption by cues that have become associated with food. Determining under what conditions CPF occurs is important for understanding whether exposure to food cues contributes to overeating. A history presented in Chapter 1 describes how the study of CPF developed from incidental findings in early experiments to Weingarten’s (1983) influential paper, through to contemporary models that focus primarily on the neural circuits underlying CPF. There have been fewer attempts to characterise the broader nature of the effect, particularly in relation to whether CPF is ‘specific’ to the paired food. This formed the general focus of the present thesis. Chapter 2 outlines three experiments using a training procedure in which laboratory rats received intermixed exposures to a ‘Plus’ context containing palatable food and to a ‘Minus’ context containing no food. CPF was found to be specific to the training food even when testing a palatable and familiar alternative. However, contexts paired with a variety of foods enhanced consumption of other foods never eaten in that environment. Experiments in Chapter 3 explored individual differences in CPF and found that the effect did not correlate with consumption of palatable food at baseline or during training. Results also suggested that consumption of palatable food in training was not matched by an equivalent reduction in home-cage chow intake. Chapter 4 reports a series of experiments in which methodological changes hypothesised to enhance the CPF effect reversed the predicted pattern of consumption. These results are discussed with reference to theories of incentive contrast. The effects of diet-induced obesity on CPF were explored in Chapter 5. The present results are integrated with existing literature and directions for future research are outlined in Chapter 6, which discusses CPF with reference to specificity and variety; individual differences; and the sensitivity of the effect to procedural parameters.

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Kroening, Cheryl Ann 1963. "Lipogenic enzymes in aging rats." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291486.

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Four lipogenic enzymes were measured in liver and adipose tissues of 2-, 6-, 18- and 27-month-old male Fischer 344 rats. Adipose ATP-citrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.8; ATP-CL) activity increased 1.8-fold between 2 and 6 months of age. Hepatic ATP-CL activity underwent an overall 84% reduction between 2 and 27 months of age with maximum activity at 18 months. Adipose tissue fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity exhibited a linear 54% reduction between 2 and 27 months of age; while hepatic FAS activity declined, biphasically, to 14.2 IU/g protein by 27 months. Opposing age-related patterns of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49; G6PD) activity were observed in adipose tissue and liver. Adipose activity decreased between 2 and 6 months to 132.9 IU/g protein, and was unchanged thereafter; whereas liver G6PD activity increased to a maximum of 149.0 IU/g protein at 27 months. Malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40; ME) activity decreased between 2 and 6 months of age in both tissues. These data suggest diminished lipogenic capacity with age.

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Chura, Lindsay R. "The effect of chronic and acute maternal stress on expression of placental barrier genes in the rat /." Connect to online version, 2006. http://ada.mtholyoke.edu/setr/websrc/pdfs/mhc/2006/143.pdf.

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Alves, Sueli Aparecida. "Efeito do cigarro na nefrotoxicidade crônica causada pela Ciclosporina A em ratos." Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, 2012. http://bdtd.famerp.br/handle/tede/117.

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Chronic nephrotoxicity induced by cyclosporine A (CsA) is characterized by renal dysfunction and irreversible tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Associated with the use of CsA, the habit of smoking is a risk factor that reduces the glomerular filtration rate, renal vascular resistance increases, deteriorating renal function and also causes morphological changes such as glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial damage. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of previous cigarette smoke exposure on CsA-induced renal functional and structural changes in a consistent experimental model of chronic CsA nephrotoxicity. Methods: Wistar male Munich-Wistar, 180-200 g were divided into four groups of 10 animals (CsA/SC, CsA/S, VH/SC and VH/S) were exposed to cigarette smoke (Smoke chamber - SC) or sham procedure (chamber without smoke cigarettes - S) for 10 minutes twice a day for 20 weeks, with three cigarettes each exposure. Received a low sodium diet from 16 th to 20 th week and at week 17 was administered to CsA (2.5 mg/kg/day subcutaneously) or vehicle (VH) for 28 days. After 24 hours the last injection, the animals were anesthetized and the following studies: renal glomerular filtration - RGF (inulin clearance), renal blood flow - RBF and renal vascular resistance - RVR (Doppler ultrasound), renal histology (% System Merz), CsA blood level (radioimunoensaio, ng / ml) and immunohistochemistry for α-SMA, vimentin and nitrotyrosine. Statistical analysis: Results are presented as mean ± SD. ANOVA + Newman-Keuls test or Kruskal-Wallis test + Dunn. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The group that used CsA decreased in GFR (CsA/SC 0,39 ± 0,03 vs VH 0,83 ± 0,15 vs CsA/S 0,53 ± 0,05; ***p<0,001), the RBF (CsA/SC 3,9 ± 0,4 vs VH 6,7 ± 1,0 vs CsA/S 3,8 ± 0,6; p < 0,001) and increased RVR (CsA/SC 26 ± 2 vs VH 17 ± 3 vs CsA/S 27 ± 3; p < 0,001). There was also an increase of interstitial fibrosis (CsA/SC 17 ± 3 vs VH 3 ± 2 e CsA/S 21 ± 8 vs VH 3 ± 2; p<0,001), expression of tubulointerstitial α-SMA (CsA/SC 1,8 ± 0,3 vs VH 0,8 ± 0,3 vs CsA/S 1,7 ± 0,4; p<0,001) and periglomerular α-SMA (CsA/SC 1,0 ± 0,4 vs VH 0,3 ± 0,3, p < 0,001, CsA/S 0,5 ± 0,1 vs VH 0,3 ± 0,1; p<0,05) and expression of vimentin (CsA/SC 0,4 ± 0,4 vs VH 0,0 ± 0,0; p < 0,05 e CsA/S 0,5 ± 0,6 vs VH 0,0 ± 0,0; p < 0,01) and nitrotyrosine (CsA/SC 3 ± 0,3 vs VH 2,3 ± 0,4; p<0,01). With the use of tobacco, worsened in the fall of GFR (CsA/SC 0,4 ± 0,03 vs CsA/S 0,5 ± 0,0; *p<0,05), increased expression of α-SMA periglomerular (CsA/SC 1,0 ± 0,4 vs CsA/S 0,5 ± 0,1; p<0,01) and nitrotyrosine (CsA/SC 3 ± 0,3 vs CsA/S 2 ± 0,2; p<0,05). Conclusion: In conclusion, CS aggravated significantly CsA-induced GFR impairment, periglomerular structural lesion and oxidative stress in a rat model of CsA nephrotoxicity.
A nefrotoxicidade crônica induzida pela ciclosporina A (CsA) é caracterizada por disfunção renal e fibrose tubulointersticial irreversível. Associado ao uso da CsA, o hábito de fumar é um fator de risco que reduz a taxa de filtração glomerular, aumenta a resistência vascular renal, deteriora a função renal e causa alterações morfológicas como glomeruloesclerose e dano tubulointersticial. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da exposição prévia à fumaça do cigarro sobre as alterações renais funcionais e estruturais induzidas pela CsA em um modelo experimental de nefrotoxicidade crônica. Material e Método: Ratos machos, Munich-Wistar, 180-200 g, divididos em quatro grupos de 10 animais (CsA/F, CsA/S, VH/F e VH/S), foram expostos à fumaça de cigarros (câmara de Fumo - F) ou procedimento SHAM (câmara de fumo sem os cigarros - S) por 10 minutos, duas vezes/dia, durante 20 semanas, com três cigarros cada exposição. Receberam dieta hipossódica da 16ª a 20ª semana, e na 17ª semana foi administrada a CsA (2,5mg/Kg/dia; subcutânea) ou o veículo (VH), por 28 dias. Após 24 horas da última injeção, os animais foram anestesiados e os seguintes estudos realizados: filtração glomerular renal - FGR (clearance de inulina); fluxo sanguíneo renal FSR e resistência vascular renal - RVR (Ultra-som Doppler); histologia renal (% de fibrose, Sistema de Merz), nível de CsA sanguínea (radioimunoensaio, ng/ml) e imuno-histoquímica para α-SMA, nitrotirosina e vimentina. Na análise estatística foi utilizado ANOVA + teste Newman-Keuls ou Kruskal-Wallis + teste Dunn. Resultados: Os grupos que utilizaram CsA apresentaram queda na FGR (CsA/F 0,39 ± 0,03 vs VH 0,83 ± 0,15 vs CsA/S 0,53 ± 0,05; ***p<0,001), no FSR (CsA/F 3,9 ± 0,4 vs VH 6,7 ± 1,0 vs CsA/S 3,8 ± 0,6; p < 0,001) e aumento da RVR (CsA/F 26 ± 2 vs VH 17 ± 3 vs CsA/S 27 ± 3; p < 0,001), aumento da fibrose intersticial (CsA/F 17 ± 3 vs VH 3 ± 2 e CsA/S 21 ± 8 vs VH 3 ± 2; p<0,001), da expressão de α-SMA túbulo intersticial (CsA/F 1,8 ± 0,3 vs VH 0,8 ± 0,3 vs CsA/S 1,7 ± 0,4; p<0,001) e periglomerular (CsA/F 1,0 ± 0,4 vs VH 0,3 ± 0,3, p < 0,001, CsA/S 0,5 ± 0,1 vs VH 0,3 ± 0,1; p<0,05), e da expressão da nitrotirosina (CsA/F 3 ± 0,3 vs VH 2,3 ± 0,4; p<0,01) e vimentina (CsA/F 0,4 ± 0,4 vs VH 0,0 ± 0,0; p < 0,05 e CsA/S 0,5 ± 0,6 vs VH 0,0 ± 0,0; p < 0,01). Com a utilização do fumo, houve piora na queda da FGR (CsA/F 0,4 ± 0,03 vs CsA/S 0,5 ± 0,0; *p<0,05), aumento da expressão da α-SMA periglomerular (CsA/F 1,0 ± 0,4 vs CsA/S 0,5 ± 0,1; p<0,01) e da nitrotirosina (CsA/F 3 ± 0,3 vs CsA/S 2 ± 0,2; p<0,05). Conclusões: O fumo agrava significativamente o declínio da FGR, a lesão estrutural renal e o estresse oxidativo causados pela CsA.

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25

Quisumbing, Teresita Lambo. "Studies of iron metabolism and metabolic rate in iron-deficient and cold-acclimatized rats." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1231545X.

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Willey, Amanda Rachel. "Age related differences in ethanol-related positive affect as indexed via ultrasonic vocalizations." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.

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Gonçalves, Vinícius de Paiva [UNESP]. "Ação do curcumin sobre os períodos iniciais da carcinogênese bucal induzida por 4-NQO em modelo murino." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/113929.

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O Curcumin apresenta potencial terapêutico no tratamento e prevenção de doenças crônicas, inclusive câncer. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o impacto do tratamento sistêmico do curcumin sobre os períodos iniciais da carcinogênese bucal induzida pelo 4-NQO em ratos. Quarenta ratos distribuídos em quatro grupos (n=10) foram tratados com solução de 50 ppm de 4-NQO dissolvido na água de beber ad libitum durante todo período experimental, que ocorreu em 8 e 12 semanas, sendo que dois desses grupos foram tratados com 30 ou 100 mg/kg de peso corporal de curcumin diariamente por gavagem oral, e um grupo tratado com veículo no volume correspondente à maior dose de curcumin. Os animais do grupo controle negativo (n=10) foram sacrificados no início do experimento. Os cortes histológicos, provenientes da língua dos animais, foram corados por H&E ou submetidos à reação de imunohistoquímica para detecção de PCNA, Bcl-2, SOCS1 e -3 , e STAT3. Parte das peças foi utilizada para a verificação da expressão de Vimentina, Cdh1, Cdh2 e TWIST1 por RT-qPCR. O tratamento com 100mg/kg de peso corporal de curcumin por 12 semanas, principalmente, diminuiu os valores do H-score de PCNA, Bcl-2, SOCS3, STAT3, enquanto aumentou SOCS1, além de reduzir as atipias celulares observadas na análise morfológica do epitélio lingual. A expressão dos genes avaliados por RT-qPCR também foi reduzida pelo tratamento com curcumin, independentemente da dose utilizada. Os resultados do presente estudo demonstram que o curcumin acaba por intervir e atenuar o desenvolvimento do processo carcinogênico.
Curcumin has therapeutic potential in the treatment and prevention of chronic diseases , including cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of systemic treatment of curcumin on the initial periods of oral carcinogenesis induced by 4 - NQO in rats. Forty rats were distributed into four groups (n = 10) and treated with 50 ppm of 4-NQO solution dissolved in the drinking water ad libitum throughout the experimental period, which occurred at 8 and 12 weeks , with two of these groups were treated with 30 or 100 mg / kg body weight daily by oral gavage curcumin, and a group treated with vehicle corresponding to larger dose of curcumin volume. The animals in the negative control group (n = 10 ) were sacrificed at the beginning of the experiment. Histological sections, from the language of animals, were stained with H&E or subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for detection of PCNA, Bcl-2, SOCS1 and -3, and STAT3. Part of the pieces was used to check the expression of vimentin, Cdh1, Cdh2 and TWIST by RT - qPCR . Treatment with 100mg/kg body weight of curcumin for 12 weeks, mainly, decreased the values of the H -score of PCNA, Bcl-2, SOCS3, STAT3 , while increased SOCS1 , and reduce cellular atypia observed in the morphological analysis of lingual epithelium. The gene expression assessed by RT- qPCR was also reduced by treatment with curcumin, regardless of the dose used. The results of this study demonstrate that curcumin eventually intervene and attenuate the development of the carcinogenic process.

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Cabrera, Ortega Adriana Alicia [UNESP]. "Estudo da carcinogênese bucal experimental utilizando-se o óxido de nitroquinolina (4-NQO) em ratos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/113930.

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O objetivo do presente trabalho foi validar as alterações teciduais e moleculares durante os estágios iniciais do processo de carcinogênese oral experimental em ratos, utilizando-se 4-NQO. Foram utilizados 20 ratos com aproximadamente 4 meses de idade, aleatoriamente separados em grupos controle (n=10) e tratados com solução de 50 ppm de 4-NQO dissolvido na água de beber (n=10). Os animais do grupo controle foram sacrificados no primeiro dia do experimento e os animais do grupo experimental foram sacrificados após 8 e 12 semanas de tratamento. Os cortes histológicos provenientes da língua foram corados por H&E ou submetidas à reação de imunohistoquímica para detecção de PCNA, Bcl-2, SOCS1 e -3 , e STAT3. Parte dos espécimes foi utilizada para a verificação da expressão de Vimentina, Cdh1, Cdh2 e TWIST1 por RT-qPCR. Os resultados demonstraram que o tratamento com 4-NQO após 8 semanas causou displasia epitelial severa e que houve exacerbação da atipia celular após 12 semanas de tratamento. A positividade dos anticorpos analisados, com exceção do STAT3, foi aumentada em ambos os períodos experimentais. Os resultados do presente estudo apontam que tratamento com 4-NQO por 8 ou 12 semanas viabiliza avaliar as displasias epiteliais experimentais tanto a nível morfológico quanto molecular.
The aim of this study was to validate the tissue and molecular changes during the early stages of experimental oral carcinogenesis in rats, using 4-NQO. Were used 20 rats with approximately 4 months of age, randomly divided into control group (n = 10) and treated with 50 ppm of 4- NQO solution dissolved in drinking water (n = 10). The control group animals were sacrificed on the first day of the experiment and the experimental rats were sacrificed after 8 and 12 weeks of treatment. Histological sections from the tongue were stained with H&E or subjected to immunohistochemistry analysis for detection of PCNA, Bcl – 2, SOCS1 and -3, and STAT3. Part of the specimens was used to verify the expression of vimentin, Cdh1, Cdh2 and TWIST1 by RT - qPCR. The results showed that treatment with 4-NQO after 8 weeks caused severe dysplasia and cellular atypia was exacerbation after 12 weeks of treatment. The positivity of antibodies analyzed, with the exception of STAT3 was increased in both experimental periods. The results of this study indicate that treatment with 4-NQO for 8 or 12 weeks enables evaluating experimental epithelial dysplasias both morphological as molecular level.

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Cabrera, Ortega Adriana Alicia. "Estudo da carcinogênese bucal experimental utilizando-se o óxido de nitroquinolina (4-NQO) em ratos /." Araraquara, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/113930.

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Orientador: Luiz Carlos Spolidorio
Banca: Helio Massaiochi Tanimoto
Banca: Silvana Regina Perez Orrico
Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi validar as alterações teciduais e moleculares durante os estágios iniciais do processo de carcinogênese oral experimental em ratos, utilizando-se 4-NQO. Foram utilizados 20 ratos com aproximadamente 4 meses de idade, aleatoriamente separados em grupos controle (n=10) e tratados com solução de 50 ppm de 4-NQO dissolvido na água de beber (n=10). Os animais do grupo controle foram sacrificados no primeiro dia do experimento e os animais do grupo experimental foram sacrificados após 8 e 12 semanas de tratamento. Os cortes histológicos provenientes da língua foram corados por H&E ou submetidas à reação de imunohistoquímica para detecção de PCNA, Bcl-2, SOCS1 e -3 , e STAT3. Parte dos espécimes foi utilizada para a verificação da expressão de Vimentina, Cdh1, Cdh2 e TWIST1 por RT-qPCR. Os resultados demonstraram que o tratamento com 4-NQO após 8 semanas causou displasia epitelial severa e que houve exacerbação da atipia celular após 12 semanas de tratamento. A positividade dos anticorpos analisados, com exceção do STAT3, foi aumentada em ambos os períodos experimentais. Os resultados do presente estudo apontam que tratamento com 4-NQO por 8 ou 12 semanas viabiliza avaliar as displasias epiteliais experimentais tanto a nível morfológico quanto molecular.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to validate the tissue and molecular changes during the early stages of experimental oral carcinogenesis in rats, using 4-NQO. Were used 20 rats with approximately 4 months of age, randomly divided into control group (n = 10) and treated with 50 ppm of 4- NQO solution dissolved in drinking water (n = 10). The control group animals were sacrificed on the first day of the experiment and the experimental rats were sacrificed after 8 and 12 weeks of treatment. Histological sections from the tongue were stained with H&E or subjected to immunohistochemistry analysis for detection of PCNA, Bcl - 2, SOCS1 and -3, and STAT3. Part of the specimens was used to verify the expression of vimentin, Cdh1, Cdh2 and TWIST1 by RT - qPCR. The results showed that treatment with 4-NQO after 8 weeks caused severe dysplasia and cellular atypia was exacerbation after 12 weeks of treatment. The positivity of antibodies analyzed, with the exception of STAT3 was increased in both experimental periods. The results of this study indicate that treatment with 4-NQO for 8 or 12 weeks enables evaluating experimental epithelial dysplasias both morphological as molecular level.
Mestre

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Gonçalves, Vinícius de Paiva. "Ação do curcumin sobre os períodos iniciais da carcinogênese bucal induzida por 4-NQO em modelo murino /." Araraquara, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/113929.

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Orientador: Luis Carlos Spolidorio
Banca: Helio Massaiochi Tanimoto
Banca: Rosemary Adriana Chierici Marcantonio
Resumo: O Curcumin apresenta potencial terapêutico no tratamento e prevenção de doenças crônicas, inclusive câncer. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o impacto do tratamento sistêmico do curcumin sobre os períodos iniciais da carcinogênese bucal induzida pelo 4-NQO em ratos. Quarenta ratos distribuídos em quatro grupos (n=10) foram tratados com solução de 50 ppm de 4-NQO dissolvido na água de beber ad libitum durante todo período experimental, que ocorreu em 8 e 12 semanas, sendo que dois desses grupos foram tratados com 30 ou 100 mg/kg de peso corporal de curcumin diariamente por gavagem oral, e um grupo tratado com veículo no volume correspondente à maior dose de curcumin. Os animais do grupo controle negativo (n=10) foram sacrificados no início do experimento. Os cortes histológicos, provenientes da língua dos animais, foram corados por H&E ou submetidos à reação de imunohistoquímica para detecção de PCNA, Bcl-2, SOCS1 e -3 , e STAT3. Parte das peças foi utilizada para a verificação da expressão de Vimentina, Cdh1, Cdh2 e TWIST1 por RT-qPCR. O tratamento com 100mg/kg de peso corporal de curcumin por 12 semanas, principalmente, diminuiu os valores do H-score de PCNA, Bcl-2, SOCS3, STAT3, enquanto aumentou SOCS1, além de reduzir as atipias celulares observadas na análise morfológica do epitélio lingual. A expressão dos genes avaliados por RT-qPCR também foi reduzida pelo tratamento com curcumin, independentemente da dose utilizada. Os resultados do presente estudo demonstram que o curcumin acaba por intervir e atenuar o desenvolvimento do processo carcinogênico.
Abstract: Curcumin has therapeutic potential in the treatment and prevention of chronic diseases , including cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of systemic treatment of curcumin on the initial periods of oral carcinogenesis induced by 4 - NQO in rats. Forty rats were distributed into four groups (n = 10) and treated with 50 ppm of 4-NQO solution dissolved in the drinking water ad libitum throughout the experimental period, which occurred at 8 and 12 weeks , with two of these groups were treated with 30 or 100 mg / kg body weight daily by oral gavage curcumin, and a group treated with vehicle corresponding to larger dose of curcumin volume. The animals in the negative control group (n = 10 ) were sacrificed at the beginning of the experiment. Histological sections, from the language of animals, were stained with H&E or subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for detection of PCNA, Bcl-2, SOCS1 and -3, and STAT3. Part of the pieces was used to check the expression of vimentin, Cdh1, Cdh2 and TWIST by RT - qPCR . Treatment with 100mg/kg body weight of curcumin for 12 weeks, mainly, decreased the values of the H -score of PCNA, Bcl-2, SOCS3, STAT3 , while increased SOCS1 , and reduce cellular atypia observed in the morphological analysis of lingual epithelium. The gene expression assessed by RT- qPCR was also reduced by treatment with curcumin, regardless of the dose used. The results of this study demonstrate that curcumin eventually intervene and attenuate the development of the carcinogenic process.
Mestre

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31

Cigarroa, Cuevas Igor Iván. "Efectos del ejercicio en condiciones de normopeso y obesidad: estudios en animales y humanos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400580.

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El objetivo principal de la tesis fue evaluar, en estudios con animales y humanos, el impacto que tiene la práctica de ejercicio físico sobre variables conductuales, metabólicas y nutricionales, considerando diferencias de género en individuos de peso normal o con sobrepeso/obesidad. En los estudios con animales, se usaron ratas macho y hembra adultas de peso normal o con obesidad inducida por dieta (OID). Las ratas fueron entrenadas a una intensidad moderada (12 metros/minutos) y más alta (16 metros/minutos) durante 30 minutos, 4-5 días a la semana, tomando como referencia las recomendaciones de actividad física de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y adaptándolas al modelo animal. Se evaluaron variables biométricas, plasmáticas, neuroendocrinas, de sintomatología ansiosa y estrategias de afrontamiento. En los estudios con humanos, se analizó el rendimiento académico, la condición física, el estado nutricional y parámetros psicológicos relacionados con la salud mental en estudiantes de enseñanza básica, secundaria y universitaria. Los estudios en animales indicaron que las ratas hembras aprendieron mejor y más rápidamente que los machos la evitación activa de dos sentidos (SB), en términos de mayor número de respuestas de evitación, latencias de escape más cortas y menor número de ensayos hasta alcanzar el criterio de aprendizaje. En ambos sexos, el ejercicio mejoró la ejecución de la tarea, al aumentar el número total de evitaciones y disminuir el número de ensayos necesarios hasta alcanzar el criterio de aprendizaje. Las ratas obesas alimentadas con dieta cafetería (CAF) presentaban un aumento de masa y un conjunto de alteraciones metabólicas, como un aumento de los niveles plasmáticos de glucosa, insulina, triglicéridos y leptina, así como una disminución de la sensibilidad a la insulina, con respecto a las ratas de peso normal. El ejercicio disminuyó el porcentaje de masa grasa retroperitoneal y los niveles de leptina en las ratas con dieta CAF. A nivel conductual, las ratas obesas alimentadas con dieta CAF disminuyeron la distancia recorrida en el campo abierto (CA) y el número de evitaciones en la SB. El ejercicio aumentó la distancia recorrida en el CA. Específicamente, las ratas alimentadas con dieta CAF y que hicieron ejercicio a una intensidad más alta aumentaron el tiempo de permanencia en la zona central del CA y mejoraron parcialmente la adquisición de la evitación activa en dos sentidos. En los estudios en humanos, se observó una alta tasa de sobrepeso y obesidad en los estudiantes chilenos de todos los cursos evaluados. En los estudiantes de secundaria y universidad, los hombres tenían mayor porcentaje de masa muscular, menor porcentaje de masa grasa que las mujeres. Los hombres mostraron mejor condición física que las mujeres en todos los cursos evaluados. Las mujeres estudiantes de secundaria y universidad presentaron valores más bajos en la escala de autoestima, depresión y ansiedad que los hombres. En general, los estudiantes que tenían un mayor índice de masa corporal (IMC) presentaron peor condición física en comparación con los estudiantes de peso normal. Globalmente, la condición física y los parámetros psicológicos de autoestima, depresión y ansiedad fueron menores en las mujeres y los estudiantes con sobrepeso/obesidad en comparación con los hombres y los estudiantes de peso normal. En conclusión, los estudios con animales indican que la dieta CAF puede perjudicar la salud y sus efectos negativos se pueden revertir parcialmente con ejercicio físico. Además, el ejercicio aeróbico de intensidad moderada mejora las estrategias de afrontamiento y podría considerarse como un apoyo terapéutico en el manejo del estrés y de las estrategias de afrontamiento.
The main aim of the thesis was to evaluate, in animals and humans studies, the impact of physical exercise on behavioral, metabolic and nutritional variables, considering gender differences in individuals with normal weight or overweight/obesity. In the animal studies, male and female adult rats with normal weight or with diet-induced obesity (DIO) were used. The rats were trained on a treadmill at moderate intensity (12 m / min) and high intensity (16 m / min) for 30 minutes, 4-5 days week, taking as reference the WHO Global recommendations on physical activity for health and adapting to the animal model. Biometric, plasma, neuroendocrine variables, anxiety-related symptoms and stress-copy strategies were evaluated. In the human studies, academic performance, physical fitness, nutritional status and psychological parameters related to mental health of primary, secondary and university students were assessed. Animal studies indicated that female learned better and faster that male for two-way activity avoidance learning (SB), in terms of higher number of avoidance responses, shorter escape latencies and fewer trials to reach performance criteria. In both sexes, exercise improved task performance by increasing the total number of avoidances and reduce the number of trials needed to reach the performance criteria. The rats that were fed with cafeteria diet (CAF) show an increase in body weight and a set of metabolic disorders such as retroperitoneal fat percentage, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and leptin plasma levels as well as a decrease in insulin sensitivity regarding to normal weight rats. Exercise decreased the retroperitoneal fat mass percentage and the leptin levels in rats fed with CAF diet. A behavioral level, obese rats fed diet CAF decreased the distance on the open field test (OF) and the number of avoidances responses on SB. Exercise increased the distance covered in the OF. Specifically, the rats fed with CAF diet in combination with high intensity exercises increased the time spent on the OF central area and partially improved the coping strategies on the SB. In the human studies, a high rate of overweight and obesity was observed in Chilean students of all courses evaluated. Men of secondary and university students had higher lean mass average and lower fat mass average than women. Men showed better physical condition than women in all courses evaluated. Women of secondary and university had worse values of self-esteem, depression and anxiety scales than men. In general, students who had a higher body mass index (BMI) had worse physical condition compared with normal weight students. Overall, physical condition and psychological parameters of self-esteem, depression and anxiety were lower in women and overweight / obese students compared with men and normal weight students. In conclusion, animal studies indicated that the CAF diet intake can impair health and its negative effects can be partially reversed with exercise. In addition, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise improves coping strategies and it could be considered as a therapeutic support in stress management and coping strategies.

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32

Buhrmann, Kristin. "A behavioral and anatomical examination of the intramodal and intramodal effects of early stimulation history and selective posterior cortical lesions in the rat." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29348.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the intra- and intermodal impact of different kinds of early sensory experience on the development of specific neural/perceptual systems. The manipulations of the rats' early experience involved a combination of early binocular deprivation through dark-rearing, somatosensory restriction through cauterization of mystacial vibrissae, and multimodal enrichment through rearing in a complex environment. Specific lesions to somatosensory (Parl) and visual (Oc2M) cortex in differentially reared animals were included in an attempt to gain further insight into the plasticity surrounding manipulations of early stimulation history. Five tasks were used to assess these effects of early rearing condition in combination with later cortical lesions. Behavioral assessment focused on the ability of the animals to encode, abstract, and remember specific relationships between stimuli within the deprived modality itself, their ability to do so with information presented in other modalities, and on the basic species specific behavior. The only effect found was a main effect for rearing condition. Basically, complex-reared rats were more competent on several of the behavioral tasks than were dark-reared rats. However, this result provided little behavioral support for ideas of modality interdependence. Dendritic proliferation is considered to be a general mechanism supporting behavioral change. The subsequent neuroanatomical assessment focused on dendritic branching of neurons in specific cortical areas thought to be most affected by early environmental manipulations. Animals that were raised in a complex environment, but had experienced early tactile restriction through cauterization of vibrissae, showed significantly more dendritic branching than animals from all other rearing conditions in all cortical areas measured. This finding is consistent with ideas of both intra- and intermodal compensation following damage to an early developing modality, as well as behavioral demand acting as a significant factor in determining the impact of early somatosensory restriction. It is reasonable to assume that anatomical changes should be manifested behaviorally. Suggestions for smaller, more restricted studies, that would be more effective in describing the behavioral impact of early manipulations of the environment, were outlined.
Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate

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33

Lee, Ronald Duane. "The synthesis of 2-((E)-1'-propenyl)-(E)-2-pentenoic acid and its metabolism and pharmacokinetics in rats." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26437.

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The anticonvulsant drug valproic acid (VPA) is extensively metabolized with 16 metabolites identified in man. Of interest are the unsaturated metabolites which appear to be responsible for the observed secondary antiepileptic activity and/or idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity. A study by Abbott et al . (1986) has shown 2-((E)-1'-propenyl)-(E)-2-pentenoic acid ((E,E)-2,3'-diene VPA) to be a major unsaturated metabolite of VPA. Acheampong (1985) demonstrated that an isomeric mixture of 2,3'-diene VPA prevented pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice and had 60% the potency of VPA. Research on (E,E)-2,3'-diene VPA is limited even though the diene appears to be a contributor to the secondary antiepileptic effect. Available synthesis of 2,3'-diene VPA result in two or more isomers with very low yields as shown by Acheampong and Abbott (1985). The object of this work was, therefore, to synthesize (E,E)-2,3'-diene VPA in sufficient quantity and isomeric purity for metabolic and pharmacokinetic studies in rats. Synthesis of (E,E)-2,3'-diene VPA was achieved by the alkylation of ethyl (Z)-2-pentenoate to afford ethyl 2-(l'-hydroxypropyl)-(E)-2-pentenoate. Dehydration using methanesulfonyl chloride and potassium hydride gave the ethyl ester of (E,E)-2,3'-diene VPA. Hydrolysis of the ester in 1 N NaOH afforded an 81.2% pure sample of (E,E)- 2,3'-diene VPA as determined by GCMS and NMR. A second method was used to unequivocally synthesize (E,E)-2,3' - diene VPA whereby an O-trimethylsilylketene acetal was oxidized via a hydride abstractor to yield two isomers of 2,3'-diene VPA plus the starting material (E)-3-ene VPA. The identity of the products were determined by GCMS with the major isomer being (E,E)-2,3'-diene VPA. In the metabolism studies, Wistar rats were given 100 mg/kg i.p. of (E,E)-2,3'-diene VPA and bile and urine collected for 24 hours. GCMS analysis revealed three metabolites present in both bile and urine. These were reduction products of (E,E)-2,3'-diene VPA metabolism and consisted of the monounsatured (E)-3-ene VPA and (E)-2-ene VPA plus the fully saturated VPA. These results suggest that trace levels of (E)-3-ene VPA observed after VPA dosing may not be a direct metabolic product of VPA itself but rather a reduced metabolite of (E,E)-2,3'-diene VPA. All polar metabolites are yet to be identified. For the pharmacokinetic studies, two doses, 20 and 100 mg/kg of (E,E)-2,3'-diene VPA were administered i.v. to Wistar rats and the plasma concentration vs time decline curve determined using GCMS analysis of the plasma samples. The bile duct of these animals was then cannulated and the study repeated. A comparison between the elimination rate constant (KE), clearance (C1), and volume of distribution (Vd) between the bile duct intact and cannulated rats for both dose groups revealed no significant differences (p>0.1). A comparison of the KE, Vd, and C1 between dosage groups of both bile duct intact and cannulated rats revealed no significant difference (p>0.08-0.7). Therefore, extensive enterohepatic recirculation was not apparent and the elimination of (E,E)-2,3'-diene VPA appeared to be dose-independent. The diene seems to follow a simple one-compartment model with a half-life of 35.9±8.9 (S.D.) minutes and a large volume of distribution of 0.95±0.22 (S.D.) L/kg. In vitro protein binding studies revealed that (E,E)-2,3'-diene VPA saturates plasma proteins between concentrations of 30 - 600 ug/mL. The percent of (E,E)-2,3'-diene VPA bound decreases from 92.1% to 28.7% as the concentration of diene increases suggesting concentration-dependent protein binding. The synthesis of (E,E)-2,3'-diene VPA in substantial quantities has allowed metabolic and pharmacokinetic studies to be performed in rats. Preliminary studies showed that (E,E)-2,3' -diene VPA was metabolically reduced to monounsaturated and saturated products. Pharmacokinetic data appear to indicate a potential for the diene to accumulate in the central nervous system. Further studies are required to determine the contribution of (E,E)-2,3'-diene VPA to the secondary antiepileptic activity of VPA.
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of
Graduate

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34

Miller, Stacie S. "Nonassociative and associative learning in the neonatal rat and parallel changes in neurohormone and brain monoamine levels." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.

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35

Merrill, Liana. "Effects of short-term and long-term administration of bisphenol A on sex behavior, body weight, and uterine weight in adult female ovariectomized rats /." Norton, Mass. : Wheaton College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/8398.

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36

Wan, Zhuohua. "Newly recognized rat parvoviruses : characterization and diagnostic assay development /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3013040.

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37

吳勝前 and Shengqian Wu. "Study of atrial natriuretic peptide and endothelin in streptozotocin-diabetic rats and in the aging rats." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31237885.

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38

Wu, Shengqian. "Study of atrial natriuretic peptide and endothelin in streptozotocin-diabetic rats and in the aging rats /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19982069.

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39

Brunell, Steven Craig. "Pharmacotheraphies for the treatment of alcoholism in adolescents using a rodent model." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.

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40

Matsuno, April Y. "Dietary glucose restriction, chronic exercise and litter size : effects on rat milk and mammary gland compositions." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27377.

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Glucose is a principle precursor for milk lactose and de novo synthesis of milk fat; therefore exercising during lactation could create competition for glucose between exercising muscle and lactating mammary gland. This study investigated the combined effects of maternal dietary glucose (20%, 40%, 60%), exercise (chronically exercised, sedentary) and litter size (8, 12 pups) on rat mammary gland composition, milk composition, milk yield and pup growth. Chronic exercise increased milk fat concentrations and an interaction between chronic exercise and 20% dietary glucose decreased milk lactose concentrations compared to 40% or 60% glucose diets. Restricting maternal dietary glucose also decreased milk fat concentrations and exercise decreased mammary fat. In addition, pups of dams fed the 40% glucose diet were heavier on lactation day 15 than pups of dams fed the 60% diet. These results suggest that competition for glucose occurs and that a 40% glucose maternal diet may be more appropriate for pup growth.

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41

Wetzig, Andrew R., and n/a. "Olfactory Stem Cells From Adult Rats." Griffith University. School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070724.121953.

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The formation of neurospheres was important in demonstrating that neurogenesis in the adult brain may be fuelled by a stem cell population. The olfactory mucosa is another site of neurogenesis which, in humans, has been observed to contain a stem cell population through the formation of neurospheres (Murrell et al., 2005). Stem cells can be defined as cells capable of self-renewal and multipotency. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of rat olfactory stem cells growing as neurospheres. The hypothesis is that the rat olfactory mucosa contains a 'true' stem cell population that can be cultured as neurospheres and that will demonstrate multipotency by differentiating into 'non-olfactory' cell types and possess the capacity for self-renewal, if provided with the appropriate environmental niche. Here it was found that adult rat olfactory mucosa is capable of generating neurospheres when cultured in EGF and bFGF. Evidence of self-renewal was provided by the formation of six generations of neurospheres, the formation of neurospheres from single cells and the expression of markers associated with self-renewal by neurosphere cells. The multipotency of olfactory neurosphere cells was demonstrated through manipulation of the stem cell niche. In defined culture conditions, extracellular matrix molecules and growth factors were able to induce the differentiation of neurosphere cells down the dopaminergic lineage pathway. When co-cultured with differentiating cells, neonatal myoblasts and 3T3-L1 cells, olfactory neurosphere cells were able to differentiate and incorporate into a skeletal muscle myotube and differentiate into adipocytes, respectively. In conclusion it was found that the adult rat olfactory mucosa is capable of generating neurospheres. When presented with an appropriate niche neurosphere cells are able to self-renew and demonstrate multipotency.

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42

Zhang, Yi Wei. "Myelin development in young hydrocephalic rats." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23570.pdf.

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43

Wood, Geoffrey Albert. "Resistance to hepatocarcinogenesis in Copenhagen rats." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ59011.pdf.

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44

Courtois, Frédérique J. "Residual erectile capacity of paraplegic rats." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74335.

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This series of studies was designed to investigate the residual erectile capacity of paraplegic rats. Results from human studies suggest that erectile capacity in paraplegic men may be maintained following psychogenic, but not reflexogenic, stimulation. Using an animal model to overcome methodological difficulties associated with human studies, reflexogenic stimulation was defined as local stimulation of the genitals, and psychogenic stimulation as stimulation of a key central structure. Results from higher CNS stimulation showed that electrical stimulation of the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus reliably triggers penile responses in rats and elicits penile responses as a post-stimulation effect. Optimal stimulation parameters were identified and used to maximize the effect on spinal animals. The effect of central stimulation was then compared to that of local stimulation to examine whether truly sexual responses were elicited. Results demonstrated that central stimulation elicits primarily erectile responses with a few urine-marking responses. The two stimulation sources were then used to test the residual erectile capacity of paraplegic rats whose lesions interrupted the L6-S1 fibers. Results showed that a high proportion of animals (85%) indeed maintain erectile responses to central stimulation but lose reflex activity from the genital area. These results support the hypothesis under study and are discussed in terms of the neural substrates of erection and their implication at the human level.

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45

Warren, C. E. "N-glycosylation in mice and rats." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315795.

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46

Lambourne, J. E. "Neurological effects in galactose-fed rats." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381419.

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47

Lieben, Louis Xavier. "Resveratrol mediated cardioprotection in obese rats." Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/29506.

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Obesity is a major epidemic and an independent risk factor for heart disease. Food derived compounds such as resveratrol has been reported to have strong medicinal properties and shown potential in preventing and reversing heart diseases. This study investigated the cardioprotective properties of resveratrol in an animal model of diet induced obesity and possible cellular mechanisms. Obese prone (OP) and obese resistant (OR) rats were fed with high fat diet while, sprague dawley (SD) rats that served as control were fed with normal lab chow for a total of 17 weeks. During the last 5 weeks of study, treatment group received resveratrol daily by oral gavage at a dosage of 2.5 mg/kg body weight. Treatment with resveratrol significantly improved cardiac isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), triglycerides, glucose, low density lipoprotein and increased insulin in OP rats and TNF-α, glucose and leptin in OR rats. Cardiac calcium handling proteins such as sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase2a (SERCA2a), phospholamban (PLB) and phosphorylated PLBthr17 and PLBser16 were unchanged in all the groups. Excess circulating lipids cause cellular dysfunction in major organs. Adult rat cardiomyocytes were incubated for 24 hours with different doses (10, 100 and 200µM) of palmitic acid (PA). One group cardiomyocytes were pretreated with resveratrol for 45minutes prior to addition of PA. Incubation with 200µM PA significantly increased the number of round shaped cardiomyocytes and apoptosis and resveratrol treatment prevented these changes. Cardiomyocytes contractility measurement showed 200µM PA resulted in reduced rate of relaxation and resveratrol prevented this reduction. Western blot analysis showed that the PA induced a 17% decrease in SERCA2a expression and SERCA2A:PLB ratio was preserved with resveratrol treatment. The change in SERCA2a with PA and resveratrol exposure was statistically not significant. In conclusion, resveratrol treatment reversed cardiac abnormalities in OP rats, but not in OR rats. Resveratrol treatment prevented PA induced contractile abnormality in adult cardiomyocytes. Importantly, this study showed that resveratrol can act directly on cardiomyocytes and protect against damage from exposure to high levels of lipids.
February 2015

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48

Wieczerzak, Krystyna Blanka. "Sensorimotor Analysis of Oxaliplatin Treated Rats." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1432856752.

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49

Wetzig, Andrew R. "Olfactory Stem Cells From Adult Rats." Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366121.

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The formation of neurospheres was important in demonstrating that neurogenesis in the adult brain may be fuelled by a stem cell population. The olfactory mucosa is another site of neurogenesis which, in humans, has been observed to contain a stem cell population through the formation of neurospheres (Murrell et al., 2005). Stem cells can be defined as cells capable of self-renewal and multipotency. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of rat olfactory stem cells growing as neurospheres. The hypothesis is that the rat olfactory mucosa contains a 'true' stem cell population that can be cultured as neurospheres and that will demonstrate multipotency by differentiating into 'non-olfactory' cell types and possess the capacity for self-renewal, if provided with the appropriate environmental niche. Here it was found that adult rat olfactory mucosa is capable of generating neurospheres when cultured in EGF and bFGF. Evidence of self-renewal was provided by the formation of six generations of neurospheres, the formation of neurospheres from single cells and the expression of markers associated with self-renewal by neurosphere cells. The multipotency of olfactory neurosphere cells was demonstrated through manipulation of the stem cell niche. In defined culture conditions, extracellular matrix molecules and growth factors were able to induce the differentiation of neurosphere cells down the dopaminergic lineage pathway. When co-cultured with differentiating cells, neonatal myoblasts and 3T3-L1 cells, olfactory neurosphere cells were able to differentiate and incorporate into a skeletal muscle myotube and differentiate into adipocytes, respectively. In conclusion it was found that the adult rat olfactory mucosa is capable of generating neurospheres. When presented with an appropriate niche neurosphere cells are able to self-renew and demonstrate multipotency.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences
Faculty of Science
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50

Sukbuntherng, Juthamas 1961. "Disposition kinetics of cocaine in rats." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288778.

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Cocaine is a psychomotor stimulant which is widely abused. To understand the behavior of cocaine, the disposition kinetics of the compound were characterized using the rat as an animal model. A sensitive HPLC assay was developed to quantitate cocaine and metabolites (cocaethylene, norcocaine, benzoylecgonine, and benzoyl-norecgonine) in plasma and urine samples. Since ecgonine methyl ester has insufficient UV absorptivity, the quantitation of this compound in blood and urine was performed by a GC/NPD method. The effects of dose and route of administration on the disposition kinetics of cocaine were studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The total systemic clearance of cocaine following i.v. and s.c. administration are dose-independent. The clearance of cocaine (CL/F) following i.p. administration is dose-dependent. Cocaine absorption following subcutaneous injection was slow but complete (F = 1.0). The extraction ratio of cocaine in the lung (1-F) is about 0.18. The oral bioavailability of cocaine (F = 0.05) was low compared to i.p. administration (F = 0.35-0.63). Various properties of cocaine in the blood (blood clearance, blood to plasma ratio and plasma protein binding) were characterized using blood from the experimental animals and humans (male and female). Cocaine degradation in blood was dose-independent. In rat, cocaine degradation in blood was slow and due to the non-enzymatic degradation. In humans, cocaine is metabolized by a cholinesterase enzyme and this reaction can be inhibited by NaF. Ethanol had no influence on cocaine degradation either in human or rat blood. Cocaine blood to plasma ratio was dose-independent and was not influenced by NaF and ethanol. Plasma protein binding of cocaine in the rat was independent of concentration but depended upon plasma pH. Gender and time of the menstrual cycle had no influence on cocaine degradation, blood to plasma ratio or plasma protein binding in humans. A simple device has been modified for serial venous blood sampling which permits the simultaneous measurement of locomotor activity in the freely moving rat. The relationship between the locomotor activity following a single short i.v. infusion of cocaine and cocaine plasma concentrations can be adequately described by the Sigmoid-Emax model or by the same model coupled with an effect compartment.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rats'

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