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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rats – Psychology'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 April 2022

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1

Banna, Kelly Marie Newland M. Christopher. "Drug effects on behavior in transition does context matter? /." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2007/FALL/Psychology/Dissertation/BANNA_KELLY_36.pdf.

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2

Smith, Eileen Frances Sheridan. "Maternal influences on behavioural development in hooded rats." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357830.

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3

Brooks, Daniel Ian. "The dynamics of spatial anticipation in pigeons and rats." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/648.

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The analysis of the pre-choice behaviors in an operant conditioning task led to the observation that pigeons often produced anticipatory pecks that were directed at the location of their next response. Despite the possible utility of this behavior for understanding basic behavioral processes in animal learning and the widespread use of touchscreen displays to present pictorial stimuli, there has been little evaluation of the spatial distribution of touchscreen responding. So, we sought to investigate the mechanisms that account for this anticipatory behavior, whether this behavior changes over time, and how general this phenomenon might be. To answer these and other related questions, we report in a series of eleven studies and two re-analyzed datasets a detailed characterization of this anticipatory discrimination behavior in both pigeons and rats. In the first chapter, we review relevant literature related to the phenomenon of anticipatory behavior and prospective coding. In the second chapter, we outline a basic three-link discrimination paradigm, which we adapted from a procedure originally developed to study spatial anticipation in autoshaping. This simple procedure afforded us the ability to measure responses during a task that engages prospective processing. In the third chapter, we evaluate two possible mechanistic explanations for this anticipatory behavior; namely, that animals are motivated to produce anticipatory responses because of a shorter temporal route to reinforcement or because of the spatial and temporal contiguity of the stimuli used in the task. In the fourth chapter, we evaluate several spatial parameters that might importantly influence the distribution of these anticipatory responses. In the fifth chapter, we re-evaluate data from two previously published projects to assess the generality of the observed phenomenon and to evaluate the possibility that the anticipatory responses are a fractional reproduction of the terminal response. Finally, in the sixth chapter, we discuss the implications for the presented work in several fields. We also sketch a computational framework for the presented data using a Dynamic Field Theory model, attempting to show how the prospective representation of an upcoming spatial location might guide anticipatory behavior.

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4

Medlock, Michael Clyde. "Refrainment from sexual interaction by male rats." Scholarly Commons, 1996. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2747.

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Cole, Coll, and Schoenfeld developed a self-control paradigm in 1982, which is based upon refrainment from consumption during the presentation of a reinforcer. Their paradigm has been shown to be successful in training pigeons and rats to refrain from food consumption and rats to refrain from drinking. This experiment used Cole et al.'s procedure to explore another area of animal consumatory behavior, sexual behavior. Using a changing criterion design, 10 male rats were trained to refrain from approaching a sexually receptive female rat for up to 10 s. The training took place in a two compartment shuttle box apparatus. After the refrainment time elapsed the male rat was required to press a lever in order gain access to the female rat for one sexual intromission. The results were analyzed graphically and statistically. All 10 male rats successfully refrained for 10 s on 80% of the trials. This finding demonstrates that Cole et al.'s refrainment procedure is successful in establishing effective sexual refrainment and that sexual behavior can come under schedule control.

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5

Donlin, Wendy Dawn Newland M. Christopher. "The percentile IRT schedule high rate behavior as a tool for examining the toxic motor effects of methylmercury /." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2005/SPRING/Psychology/Dissertation/DONLIN_WENDY_59.pdf.

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6

Burgess, Katy V. "Associative analyses of reasoning-like behaviour in rats." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/46487/.

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This thesis examines how rats represent relationships in their environment. There are currently two broad classes of account of how animals learn about such relationships: The associative account offers a relatively simple mechanistic account of behaviour; while the second account proposes that animal behaviour, like human behaviour, is underpinned by the processes of causal and deductive reasoning, that are beyond associative analyses. Chapter 1 identifies three domains in which these two classes of account provide quite different analyses of animal behaviour, which are experimentally investigated in Chapters 2, 3 and 4. Chapter 2 reports three experiments that investigated the accuracy of predictions derived from the claim that rats are capable of forming and using causal models involving their own interactions with their environment (interventions) and external events (Blaisdell, Sawa, Leising, & Waldmann, 2006). The results failed to confirm these predictions and were instead more consistent with the operation of simpler processes. The results from Chapter 2 left open two interpretations: either rats can represent causality but do not use such representations to reason, or they do not represent cause per se. Chapter 3 investigated these alternatives in three experiments using a timing task, which should be sensitive to whether rats are more likely to represent their actions as causal than external events (Buehner & Humphreys, 2009). The results provided no support for the view that causal binding occurs in rats. Chapter 3 examined the possibility that sensory preconditioning might reflect a form of deductive reasoning (Hall, 1990). However, taken together, the results from four experiments provided no support for such an analysis; but instead helped to inform the nature of the associative processes that underlie sensory preconditioning. In summary, while the results reported in this thesis provide no support for analyses of animal behaviour that rely on the processes of causal or deductive reasoning, they do help to inform the nature of the associative processes involved.

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7

Montuori, Luke Michael. "Investigating perceptual learning with textured stimuli in rats." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/90295/.

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In this thesis I present a series of experiments that aimed to examine the effect of experience on the subsequent discriminability of similar stimuli. It has oft been observed that preexposure to stimuli enhances the rate at which a discrimination with similar stimuli will progress, or will reduce the amount of generalisation that occurs to similar stimuli following training. In animals, this effect has typically been studied using the conditioned taste aversion paradigm. Here, I describe a novel experimental method whereby animals learn to discriminate between textured stimuli, and do so differentially based on their previous experience with textures.

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8

Brinegar, Jennifer Lynn. "Self-control with running reinforcement." Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-01042008-104048/.

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9

Willey, Amanda Rachel. "Age related differences in ethanol-related positive affect as indexed via ultrasonic vocalizations." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.

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10

Lee, Jennifer E. "Work Ethic in Rats." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1264716770.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Toledo, 2009.
Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Master of Arts in Psychology." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Bibliography: leaves 19-20.

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11

Bakarich, Whitney Shea. "Effects of variability in duration and delay of reinforcement on food responding in rats." Thesis, University of Alaska Anchorage, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1570462.

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Understanding the variables that maintain reinforcer effectiveness has important implications for basic research to inform applied behavior analysis. The goal of the current study was to investigate the combined effects of rate of reinforcement and variability in duration and delay of reinforcement on within-session changes in operant responding in two experiments. In each experiment, Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) lever pressed for liquid sucrose on three fixed interval (FI) schedules of reinforcement. In Experiment 1, subjects lever pressed for liquid sucrose on either a constant or a varied duration of access to reinforcement. In Experiment 2, subjects were exposed to a constant or variable delay of reinforcement. Results showed two fundamental properties of behavior undergoing habituation. First, within-session decreases in responding were steeper (greater habituation) at higher rates of reinforcement than at lower rates. Second, within-session rates of responding declined more slowly (slower habituation) when access to the reinforcer was presented in a variable versus constant manner. Because habituation occurs for both ingestive and noningestive stimuli, the present study adds to the body of literature on habituation and can inform clinical practice on the variables that sustain operant behavior through varying the delivery of the reinforcer.

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12

Deschamps, Sophie. "Infant modulates stress responsiveness in lactating female rats." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78351.

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In these studies, we first compared the neuroendocrine responses between early (EL, PPD3-5), late (LL, PPD 15) lactating and virgin (V) females to a male intruder in the home cage. We next investigated whether the presence of the pups at the time of exposure to stress could modify the magnitude of the hormonal response to a male intruder in the home cage or to a predator odor (fox urine) in a novel environment. In the male intruder paradigm, levels of CRF mRNA expression in the PVN and CeA were lower in LL compared to EL or V females and plasma ACTH and B secretion was also reduced in LL compared to EL females. In EL females, the presence of the pups with their mothers at the time of stress significantly increased plasma ACTH and B responses to either male intruder or predator odor compared to EL females without their pups for 2.5hrs or 48 hrs. These studies point out to the critical role of the pups in modulating the maternal response to stressors that represent a threat for the litter.

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13

Burgdorf, Jeffrey. "THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF 50-KHZ VOCALIZATIONS IN RATS." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1131386335.

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14

Rocha, Angelica. "Methamphetamine self-administration in rats developmentally exposed to lead." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1370.

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15

Kim, Jee Hyun Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Extinction of conditioned fear in the developing rat." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Psychology, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41106.

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The present thesis examined extinction of conditioned fear in the developing rat. In the adult rat, the hippocampus is thought to be important for the context-specificity of extinction. Because the hippocampus is a late-maturing structure, it was hypothesised that context-modulation of extinction may be different across development. The first series of experiments investigated reinstatement of extinguished fear in the developing rat (Chapter 2). The results showed that P24 rats exhibited context-specific reinstatement. On the other hand, P17 rats did not exhibit reinstatement of extinguished fear following a US reminder treatment. The failure to see reinstatement in P17 rats was not due to the reminder treatment being ineffective in these rats because the same treatment alleviated spontaneous forgetting in rat this age. The second series of experiments then examined the renewal effect and GABAergic involvement in extinction in P24 and P17 rats (Chapter 3). It was observed that P24 rats displayed renewal whereas P17 rats did not. Also, pre-test injection of FG7142 recovered extinguished fear in P24 rats but not in P17 rats, even across a range of doses. This failure to see any FG7142 effect on extinction in P17 rats was not due to the lack of responsiveness to this drug in these rats because FG7142 was found to be effective in alleviating spontaneous forgetting in rats this age. The third series of experiments then examined the effect of temporary inactivation of the amygdala on extinction and re-extinction in the developing rat (Chapter 4). It was observed that extinction retention is impaired in both P24 and P17 rats if the amygdala is inactivated during extinction training. Interestingly, when a CS that had been previously extinguished and then re-trained was re-extinguished, re-extinction was amygdala-independent if initial extinction occurred at 24 days of age but amygdala-dependent if initial extinction occurred at 17 days of age. That is, amygdala involvement in re-extinction was dissociated across development. Taken together, these experiments provide strong evidence for fundamental differences in mechanisms underlying fear extinction across development. The implications of the findings were discussed in light of the theoretical and neural models of extinction.

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16

Mingee, Catherine M. "The effect of hunger and effort on response variability in rats." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1333629053.

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17

Shaw, Christine. "Temporal memory in human amnesic subjects and rats with specific brain lesions." Thesis, Durham University, 1992. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5755/.

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Temporal processing was assessed in a group of alcoholic Korsakoff subjects, post viral encephalitic subjects, alcoholic control and normal control subjects. Subjects were tested on their ability to reproduce and estimate intervals of time ranging from 3 to 96 seconds. Also, a computerised analogue of the fixed interval procedure used with animals was designed and used to test subjects' estimations of intervals of 15 and 30 seconds. Memory for temporal order was also assessed using an object recency task which also incorporated a recognition memory test. It was found that Korsakoff subjects were impaired at all intervals both in the temporal estimation tests and the fixed interval procedure compared to the alcoholic control subjects, whereas the post-encephalitic subjects performed similarly to the normal control group. Both amnesic groups, however, were severely impaired on the test of temporal order memory. The results suggested that these two aspects of temporal processing were unrelated and that neither was related to severity of amnesia. There was no evidence to support the view that amnesic subjects' temporal order deficits are a result of frontal lobe dysfunction, but the temporal duration judgments correlated significantly with tests of cognitive estimation suggesting a contribution of frontal lobe function to estimation of temporal duration. Temporal order memory was assessed in rats with either radiofrequency lesions of the fornix or aspiration lesions of medial prefrontal cortex using a delayed non-matching to sample procedure. Neither lesion group was impaired on this test of recency memory although both were impaired on a spatial non-matching task. These results are discussed in relation to previous animal studies and their implications for human amnesia.

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18

Reile, Phyllis A. Barker Lewis. "Effects of D-amphetamine on choice behavior under mixed concurrent schedules." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/Send%2002-04-08/REILE_PHYLLIS_48.pdf.

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19

Ronca, April E. "The effects of decerebration prior to maturation: species-typical behavior, sensory processes, and learning /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487329662146174.

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20

Freeman, Elizabeth D. "Methylphenidate Conditioned Place Preference in Juvenile and Adolescent Male and Female Rats." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2293.

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This investigation was an analysis of the effects of methylphenidate (MPH; trade name: Ritalin) on drug reward using the conditioned place preference (CPP) behavioral paradigm in a rodent model and underlying mechanisms of this effect. Animals were conditioned in adolescence from postnatal day (P)33-39) or P44-49 with saline, 1 or 5 mg/kg MPH. Rats administered 5 mg/kg but not 1 mg/kg MPH, resulted in a significant preference that was more robust in younger male adolescent rats. The 5 mg/kg dose of MPH also resulted in a significant decrease of the dopamine transporter in both the nucleus accumbens and striatum, revealing dopamine clearance is decreased by MPH in brain areas that mediate reward. Finally, MPH-induced CPP was blocked by the dopamine D1 but not D2 antagonist, demonstrating the importance of the D1 receptor in the rewarding effects of MPH. These results demonstrate that dopamine mediates the rewarding effects of MPH in adolescence.

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21

Thalluri, Rajaa. "Assessment of Cognitive Deficits and Sex Differences in Adult Rats after Adolescent Methylphenidate Exposure." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1462516537.

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22

Wade, Tammy R. "Differential reinforcement of fixed-interval interresponse times effects on choice /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2453.

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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2002.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 30 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 30).

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23

Foreman, Anne M. "Negative reinforcement by timeout from avoidance the roles of shock-frequency reduction and response-effort reduction /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10343.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 32 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 30-32).

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24

Warren, Stacey Gayle 1962. "The effects of postnatal zinc deficiency on spatial learning in rats." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277316.

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The effects of postnatal zinc deficiency on the development of the hippocampal formation was assessed using the Morris water tank task. Tests at days 28, 29, 88 and 89 revealed no differences between ad libitum zinc deficient animals and ad libitum controls. Subjects whose food intake was restricted but was zinc adequate were impaired on the hippocampal version of this task but not the control version. These results suggest that previous reports of hippocampal impairment secondary to zinc deficiency should be re-evaluated.

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25

Adkins, Jordan M. "Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Dorsal Hippocampal Glutamate Receptors Mediate Generalized Fear in Female Rats." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1544527648769848.

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26

Bailey, Catherine Suzanne 1958. "PIMOZIDE ALTERS HEDONIC, BUT NOT MOTOR SUBSTRATES OF RESPONDING (DOPAMINE, REWARD, RATS)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275281.

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27

Harmony, Zachary Robert. "EFFECTS OF NICOTINE EXPOSURE ON METHAMPHETAMINE ORAL SELF-ADMINISTRATION, EXTINCTION, AND REINSTATEMENT IN ADOLESCENT RATS." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/595.

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Adolescence is a vulnerable developmental period in regards to drug initiation and use. The gateway hypothesis suggests that adolescent cigarette smoking may result in a heightened risk for methamphetamine use. However, little is understood about the role of nicotine on adolescent methamphetamine addiction. The aim of the present study was to determine whether early, late, or continuous adolescent nicotine exposure would alter oral methamphetamine self-administration, extinction, or reinstatement. A total of 164 male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with saline or nicotine (0.16, or 0.64 mg/kg, sc) beginning on postnatal day (PD) 25 for 10 consecutive days. On PD 35, rats in the 0.16 and 0.64 mg/kg pretreatment groups were evenly divided and assigned to a group that either continued to receive the same nicotine dose they received as adolescents or saline. Rats that had received saline as adolescents were divided into three equal groups, where they received 0.16 or 0.64 mg/kg nicotine or continued to receive saline injections. Drug treatments starting on PD 35 continued until the end of the experiment. Thus, there were a total of 7 groups: SAL–SAL, 0.16–0.16, 0.16–SAL, SAL-0.16, 0.64–0.64, 0.64–SAL, SAL-0.64. On PD 35, all rats began nose poke training. Rats were exposed to a methamphetamine fade in, sucrose fade out procedure across 5 different methamphetamine-sucrose combinations. This procedure resulted in exposure to a 40 mg/l methamphetamine solution for 3 consecutive days on a FR2 schedule. Following the last day of methamphetamine self-administration, rats were exposed to extinction training. Once the extinction criteria were met, rats were given a priming injection of methamphetamine (1.0 mg/kg, ip). Data from the present investigation revealed two main important findings: a) acquisition of oral methamphetamine self-administration can be attained in adolescent rats; and b) adolescent nicotine exposure differentially alters oral methamphetamine self-administration. Exposure to a low dose of nicotine (0.16 mg/kg), but not a high dose of nicotine (0.64 mg/kg), attenuated consumption and responding for methamphetamine during self-administration. During the extinction and reinstatement periods, we found that nicotine (0.16 or 0.64 mg/kg) exposure did not alter consumption or responding for methamphetamine. Female rats showed augmented total active nose pokes and active nose pokes within the reinforcement period compared to male rats. Conversely, male rats showed augmented sucrose and methamphetamine solution consumption across methamphetamine acquisition sessions 1–6. These data suggest that for adolescents who already present moderate cigarette smoking behavior at the time of methamphetamine cessation treatment, total abstinence from both nicotine and methamphetamine may be a less effective form of treatment. It may be clinically beneficial to first treat the methamphetamine addiction, and subsequently treat the nicotine addiction. Regardless of the method of treatment for adolescent methamphetamine addiction, nicotine exposure should be closely monitored.

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28

Johnson, Ryan Taylor. "Effects of Gonadectomy and androgen Supplementation on Attention in Male Rats." W&M ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626501.

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29

Slezak, Jonathan Michael. "Effects of variable training, signaled and unsignaled delays, and [delta]-amphetamine on delay-discounting functions obtained within session." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5650.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2008.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 52 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-48).

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30

Myers, Todd M. "Limits of behavioral control by temporally extended response-reinforcer relations." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1354.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 85 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-85).

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31

Mestlin, Monja. "Effects of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor inactivation on locomotor activity and sniffing in 11- and 17-day-old rats." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/785.

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32

Garcia, Arturo D. "Long-term shifts in adolescent Nicotine reward following early methylphenidate exposure in male and female rats." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527315.

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33

Markhelyuk, Maria. "The Effects of Socially-mediated Exposure to Ethanol on the Self-administration of Ethanol in Adolescent Rats." W&M ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626995.

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34

Czajkowski, Laura Anne. "Classical Conditioning and Immune Reactivity in Rats." DigitalCommons@USU, 1988. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5606.

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Psychoneuroimmunology is an interdisciplinary area that examines the interaction between behavior, the central nervous system, and the immune system. Many investigations have utilized a taste aversion paradigm to examine the effects of classical conditioning on an immune response. The procedure generally consists of an animal ingesting a novel flavor, and then being made ill and immunosuppressed by injection of a pharmacological agent. The animal is provided access to that flavor at a later time. The rejection of the novel flavor on the test day is called taste aversion and the depressed antibody titer has been labeled conditioned immunosuppression. The present research was designed condition a secondary immune response and expand the evaluation of such conditioning to include both antibody titer and affinity. The Enzyme Linked Immunoassay was also introduced as the procedure of choice to quantify immune reactivity. A depression in antibody titer and affinity was found following exposure to three of four test trials. Taste aversion did not correlate with the immune response as increased consumption of the novel flavor was exhibited on the third and fourth test trial. In the second experiment, the dosage of cyclophosphamide was increased. A depression in antibody affinity was found after the third and fourth test trials, which was consistent with the results of the first experiment. Unlike the first experiment, a depression in antibody titer was not attained on test days. Although taste aversion was observed in the treatment group on three of the four test trials, it had extinguished by test four. The results support the concept of conditioned suppression of an antigen specific immune response by exposure to the taste aversion paradigm. An important contribution of the present research was the use and modification of a precise and sensitive assay for quantification of titer and affinity; the demonstration of conditioned suppression in both antibody titer and affinity; and the demonstration of conditioned immunosuppression with a single component CS.

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35

Nall, Rusty W. "Resurgence of Cocaine-Seeking in Rats Following Long Access and Punishment." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7558.

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Strategies that provide access to alternative non-drug rewards are among the most effective at reducing substance use in individuals with substance use disorders, but relapse often occurs when alternative rewards are removed. Relapse induced by the loss of alternative rewards is called resurgence, and represents a challenge to otherwise effective strategies for reducing drug use. An animal model has been useful for studying resurgence, but the extant model has two limitations. First, humans usually refer to the negative consequences of drug use as the reason they stop taking drugs, but the extant model uses drug unavailability to reduce drug seeking. Second, individuals with substance use disorders display behaviors that can be summarized as uncontrolled drug seeking, but the extant model does not simulate uncontrolled drug seeking. Chapter 2 addressed the first concern by studying resurgence of previously-punished cocaine seeking. Chapter 3 addressed the second concern by using procedures shown to simulate uncontrolled drug seeking in rats to study resurgence of previously-punished cocaine seeking. Chapter 2 showed that resurgence of cocaine seeking can occur following suppression by punishment, and Chapter 3 showed that resurgence may be unaffected following procedures shown to increase relapse in other models. The models developed herein should contribute to future research into resurgence by better simulating the conditions under which individuals with substance use disorders experience relapse.

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36

Collin, Daniel F. "One-trial methamphetamine induced sensitization is not evident in adolescent male and female rats| Effects of pretreatment dose and age." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10111169.

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Behavioral sensitization is an increase in a behavioral response (e.g., locomotor activity or stereotypy) induced by previous drug exposure. The present study examined one-trial methamphetamine behavioral sensitization in male and female rats during early or late adolescence. During pretreatment, male and female rats received methamphetamine (0.0–6.0 mg/kg) in the home or in a novel chamber during early (PD 38) or late (PD 48) adolescence. After 24 hours, rats received a 1 mg/kg methamphetamine challenge test dose in the novel chamber to assess for sensitization. The results showed that rats in both age groups exhibited robust locomotor activity to the acute effects of methamphetamine. However, male and female rats at either age group did not exhibit one-trial methamphetamine behavioral sensitization. Overall, females exhibited greater locomotor activity than males, while males exhibited greater stereotypy. These findings do not provide evidence that the ontogeny of one-trial methamphetamine sensitization emerges during adolescence.

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37

Thompson, Kristina Marie. "Positive and negative incentive contrast in rats: A new look at the differences between the sexes." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1616340664295556.

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38

Gill, Margaret J. "The role of mGluR5 during conditioned hyperactivity and sensitization in differentially reared rats." Diss., Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4600.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Psychology
Mary E. Cain
Glutamate contributes to the neurological and behavioral changes that occur during differential rearing, and those that occur during conditioned hyperactivity and sensitization. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in particular contributes to the psychostimulant reward pathway, plasticity, and differential rearing. The present study examined the role of mGluR5 in conditioning and sensitization in differentially reared rats. Rats were reared in an enriched (EC), impoverished (IC), or social (SC) condition for 30 days, after which they received repeated amphetamine (0.3 mg/kg) or saline injections. Following training, rats received an injection of the mGluR5 antagonist MTEP or saline prior to undergoing conditioned hyperactivity and sensitization tests. Results showed that MTEP attenuated conditioned hyperactivity and sensitization in IC but not EC and SC rats, suggesting that glutamatergic changes occur during differential rearing that alter the effects of MTEP on amphetamine conditioning and sensitization. Additionally, results demonstrated that enrichment rearing has a protective effect against conditioned hyperactivity at low doses of amphetamine.

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39

Greenwood, Maria A. "Differential behavioral effects of ketamine between adolescent and adult Sprague-Dawley rats." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3045.

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The dissociative anesthetic ketamine has been subject to growing abuse worldwide, particularly in adolescents. This project compared the effects of ketamine in conditioned place preference and intravenous self-administration in adolescent (PND 28-50) and adult (>PND70) Sprague-Dawley rats. Cocaine served as a positive control. In CPP, adolescents demonstrated preferences for ketamine, while adults developed an aversion. In the self-administration procedure, adults acquired the behavior more rapidly, but there was no difference in the percentage of subjects reaching acquisition nor in responding under a progressive ratio schedule for either drug. The CPP results suggest that adolescents have a greater sensitivity to the rewarding and tolerance to the aversive effects of ketamine. The divergent results for ketamine in the adults may reflect differences in the two procedures. However, because cocaine produced only hedonic effects in both age groups, it also suggests unique characteristics of ketamine and differences in its effects based on age.

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Karper, Patrick Eugene. "Role of the Dopamine D₁-like receptor in amphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization: A study using Dopamine D₁A-receptor deficient mice." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1682.

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The ability of the indirect dopamine agonist, amphetamine, to produce behavioral sensitization was assessed in adult D₁A-deficient and wild-type mice. It was originally predicted that : 1) dopamine (DA) D₁-like receptors are necessary for the occurrence of short- and long-term amphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization, 2) DA D₁-like receptors are necessary for environmental conditioning factors associated with amphetamine-induced behavioral sensitiazation, and 3) DA D₅ receptors are required for amphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization. Locomotor activity and sterotyped sniffing were assessed in each of three experiments.

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Halverstadt, Brittany Ann. "Variety Effects and Motivated Behavior: the effects of reward flavor variety on instrumental actions in rats." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1491483114436135.

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Courtois, Frédérique J. "Penile responses to stimulation of the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus in rats." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66026.

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Bowman, Melodi A. "Early exposure to ketamine does not affect nicotine reward during adolescence in male and female rats." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1597736.

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Children are commonly prescribed fluoxetine to manage their depressive symptoms, although evidence suggests many fail to respond to this treatment. Recently, low doses of ketamine were shown to work as a fast-acting and long-lasting antidepressant, however, it is unclear what the long-term effects are of using ketamine in pediatric populations. Thus, this thesis examined whether early-life exposure to ketamine influences the rewarding effects of nicotine in male and female adolescent Sprague- Dawley rats using conditioned place preference. Rats were pretreated with ketamine (0.0 or 20.0 mg/kg) from postnatal day (PD) 21-30 and then assessed for nicotine (0.0, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, or 0.6 mg/kg) preference during adolescence (PD 32-42). Results indicate that female adolescent rats find nicotine to be more rewarding than male rats, however ketamine pretreatment did not affect nicotine?s effects. These findings suggest that ketamine as an antidepressant in children and adolescents may not produce adverse increases in nicotine reward.

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Bartholomew, Christie Lee. "ADOLESCENT CANNABIS EXPOSURE AND MEMORY FOR STIMULUS ATTRIBUTES IN RATS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1406222005.

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Goldberg, Stephen Gregory. "Durational Control of Defensive Burying in Rats: An Investigation of a Species-Specific Defense Reaction." DigitalCommons@USU, 1988. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5977.

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Six experiments were run to determine whether the duration of conditioned defensive burying (COB) in rats is a function of its consequences. Four experiments developed the methodology. Experiment 1 replicated the standard one-trial experiment, where rats are shocked once by a prod. All three rats exhibited CDB. Experiment 2 used a lever-press-for-water contingency to force recontact with the lever, following shock deliveries in Sessions 6 and 14. All three rats buried the lever in both sessions. Experiment 3 replicated Experiment 2, employing albino and hooded rats. All six buried the lever. The albinos exhibited longer burying durations. Experiment 4 used the lever-press-for-water contingency but employed extinction to test whether rats would bury the lever under that condition. They did not. Experiment 5 used three groups of rats to determine whether burying durations are a function of CDB's consequences. Groups LS and LSH had enough sawdust to cover the lever, but a hole under the lever was opened during LSH's burying. Group SS lacked enough sawdust to cover the lever. The groups' mean burying durations (MBDs) were not significantly different in Session 6. Following Session 14, group differences and a group-by-session interaction were statistically significant. Effect sizes for Groups LS and SS were large. Group LS's MBD increased, Group LSH's remained unchanged, and Group SS's decreased. Experiment 6 used two groups of rats to determine whether MBDs are a function of shock source visibility. Group C's substratum consisted of uncolored, transparent Plexiglas blocks. Group B had black, opaque blocks. Only the group-by-session interaction was statistically significant. The MBDs of Groups Band C paralleled those of Groups LS and SS in Experiment 5. The effect sizes for C and B were large and medium, respectively. CDB occurred in all experiments where the rats received shocks, and CDB was reproduced in experiments where the animals were forced to recontact the shock source through a lever-press-for-water contingency. CDB durations are a function of their consequences. Rats whose burying covers or blocks the shock source from view exhibit longer burying durations in succeeding shock trials. Rats whose burying is ineffective exhibit shorter durations.

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Sharp, Jessica L. "Learning And Forgetting Of Complex Serial Behaviors In Rats: Interference And Spacing Effects In The Serial Multiple Choice Task." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1564070613748065.

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Van, Vuuren Petra J. "The effects of physical and psychological stress on the behaviour and neurochemistry of rats." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1274.

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Wood, Erin. "The Discriminative Stimulus Properties of the Atypical Antipsychotic Ziprasidone in Rats." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/70.

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Ziprasidone (ZPD) is an atypical antipsychotic drug (APD) that has been shown to fully substitute in C57BL/6 mice for the discriminative stimulus properties of the atypical APD clozapine (CLZ). In rats, however, it has failed to substitute for either 1.25 mg/kg or 5.0 mg/kg training doses of CLZ. Here the discriminative stimulus properties of ZPD were examined by training 19 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats to discriminate 2.0 mg/kg ZPD from vehicle in a two-lever drug discrimination procedure (ED50 = 0.07 mg/kg). The atypical APD CLZ produced full substitution (ED50 =0.76 mg/kg), as did the atypical APDs zotepine (ED50 = 0.63 mg/kg), olanzapine (ED50 = 0.25 mg/kg), quetiapine (ED50 = 0.93 mg/kg), and risperidone (ED50 = 0.09 mg/kg). The 5-HT2A antagonist ritanserin also fully substituted for ZPD (ED50 = 1.27 mg/kg). Partial substitution (2A/B/C receptors play an important role in the discriminative stimulus properties of ZPD and perhaps the ratio of binding to 5-HT2A/B/C and D2 receptors. While it will be necessary to test additional APDs, these initial findings suggest that ZPD drug discrimination may be a useful model to differentiate atypical from typical APDs.

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Bailey, Ericka M. "Effects of a Synthetic Cannabinoid on the Reinforcing Efficacy of Ethanol in Rats." DigitalCommons@USU, 2007. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6241.

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The co-abuse of alcohol and marijuana is widespread, although the mechanisms underlying this behavior are unclear. There is some evidence of a relationship between the neural processes that mediate the effects of ethanol and marijuana. For example, research has shown that exposure to marijuana increases responding for, and intake of, ethanol. The alcohol deprivation effect is an anima l model of alcoholism that suggests that the reinforcing efficacy of ethanol, as measured by intake, increases following a period of deprivation. Recent research indicates that rats chronically exposed to marijuana during periods of alcohol deprivation consume ethanol above and beyond deprivation alone. It is unclear, however, whether the marijuana exposure or the repeated deprivations increased motivation to consume ethanol. In the present experiment, rats were trained to self-administer ethanol on a progressive ratio schedule and subjected to two separate periods of deprivation during which either drug or saline was chronically administered for 7 days. Breakpoint (i.e., last ratio completed) was recorded as a measure of the reinforcing efficacy of ethanol. Following deprivations, breakpoint was initially lower than baseline, regardless of whether the drug or saline was administered. Breakpoint recovered to, but did not exceed, baseline levels following both deprivations, indicating a lack of increased reinforcing efficacy of ethanol after repeated deprivation or chronic exposure to marijuana. The lack of an expression of an alcohol deprivation effect following deprivation may have been due to the length and number of deprivations employed. Furthermore, lowered breakpoint recorded following chronic drug administration during deprivation may have been due to the dose administered or stress generated by chronic injections . Further investigation is necessary to separate and clarify the variables responsible for the present results.

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Weiss, Virginia. "Effect of Social Peers on Risky Decision Making in Male Sprague Dawley Rats." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/78.

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Adolescence is a time associated with increased risk taking and peer relations. Research has shown that adolescents are more vulnerable to peer pressure compared to adults, leading to exacerbated risk taking. Preclinical research suggests that these findings may also be applicable to adolescent rodents, which find social interaction rewarding and are prone to risky behavior. There is, however, little research on the effect of social interaction on rodent models of risky decision-making. This thesis utilized social chambers, which consisted of adjacent operant chambers separated by wire mesh. Adolescent rats performed a risky decision-making task in which they had a choice between a small and large reward (associated with a mild footshock, which increased in probability across the session). Experiment 1 determined if the presence of peer altered performance on the task after stability. Experiment 2 determined if the presence of a peer altered performance on the task during acquisition. Results of Experiment 1 revealed no significant changes. Results from Experiment 2 revealed a significant increase in preference for the risky reward in the group of rats that had daily exposure to a social peer. These results provide evidence that social influence on risk taking can be modeled in rodents.

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