Journal articles: 'Rats in the Ranks'

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Normile, D. "One-Two Punch Elevates Rats to the Knockout Ranks." Science 329, no. 5994 (August 19, 2010): 892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.329.5994.892.

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Carnall, D. "Britain ranks poorly for cancer survival rates." BMJ 310, no. 6991 (May 27, 1995): 1352–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.310.6991.1352a.

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Eliseeva, S. V., V. V. Ivanitskaya, S. V. Grachev, and E. I. Ivanov. "Effect of immobilization on myocardial mitochondrial energy metabolism and ultrastructure in rats of different zoosocial ranks." Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 110, no. 3 (September 1990): 1278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00840306.

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Nakamura, Ryoji, Naoki Kachi, and Jun-Ichirou Suzuki. "Effects of nutrient distribution pattern and aboveground competition on size of individuals in Ipomoea tricolor populations." Botany 86, no. 11 (November 2008): 1260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b08-082.

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We investigated whether the distribution pattern of soil nutrients interacted with aboveground competition to affect plant size in Ipomoea tricolor Cav. populations. Six plants per pot were grown in a factorial experiment with combinations of heterogeneous or homogeneous nutrient distribution pattern and presence or absence of aboveground competition. Plants were harvested and ranked by their aboveground biomasses. In analyses of plant sizes in all ranks simultaneously, mean plant size was significantly affected by nutrient distribution pattern, aboveground competition, and their interaction. In analyses of plant sizes of each rank, aboveground competition affected plant size, which was found in all ranks. Nutrient distribution pattern affected plant size in the higher ranks, but not in the lowest rank. Selective root placement into nutrient-rich patches under heterogeneous conditions was observed. Our results suggest that the magnitude of the effect of nutrient distribution pattern on plant size changed among ranks owing to changes in aboveground competition and size-dependent growth rate. Size-dependent growth rate could explain the significant effect of nutrient distribution pattern independent of the effect of aboveground competition. Nutrient distribution pattern would then interact with aboveground competition and consequently affect size structure in a population.

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Mei, Lijun, Chen Lin, Shanshan Lei, Li Xu, and Yong-Sheng Fan. "Small Peptides Compound Isolated from Agkistrodon with Antiarthritic Effect in Collagen-Induced Arthritis Rats." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8265150.

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Agkistrodon in Chinese medicine has long been used as an effective treatment against rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The present research further investigated the effects of peptides extracted from the crude Agkistrodon on the RA rat model. Extracted peptides were separated by parameter-optimized ion-exchange chromatography (IEC), peptide fractions were further analysed by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, and nano-LC-MS/MS acquired mass spectra were further characterized using Mascot software, which ranks the best matches in the NCBI database. RT-PCR results in RAW264.7 cells indicated that Agkistrodon peptide components had inhibitory effects against inflammatory cytokines. The therapeutic efficacy of Agkistrodon peptides was evaluated on the Wistar rats with collagen-induced arthritis. Symptom relief and reduced cartilage destruction and bone erosion were observed, which can be explained by the direct suppression of inflammatory cytokines in the joints. Agkistrodon peptides downregulate the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, which may alleviate cartilage destruction and bone erosion, thus relieving symptoms of RA.

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Simko, Fedor, Jaroslav Hrenak, Michaela Adamcova, and Ludovit Paulis. "Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System: Friend or Foe—The Matter of Balance. Insight on History, Therapeutic Implications and COVID-19 Interactions." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6 (March 22, 2021): 3217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063217.

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Nikolaev, P., O. Yusova, Irina Safonova, and Nikolay Aniskov. "Analysis of oats varieties of selection of the Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center for the assembly of protein per unit area." Agrarian Bulletin of the 203, no. 12 (December 23, 2020): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2020-203-12-22-34.

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. In the Russian Federation, barley is widespread and cultivated in all soil and climate zones. The purpose of the research is to determine the adaptability of Omsk varieties of filmy and naked barley on the basis of “grain yield”. Methods. The research was conducted from 2015 to 2019 in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Omsk. A detailed analysis of the adaptivity parameters is given: the coefficient of the index of environmental conditions, plasticity and stability according; multiplicative coefficient according; the ecovalent of plasticity according; homeostaticity and the stability index; breeding value; genotypic effect, the rate of reaction of varieties to the environmental conditions. Final adaptability of varieties is estimated by the sum of ranks obtained each grade of the studied parameters. Results. The results of the research showed that the most adaptive in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of the Omsk region are double-row filmy lines Nutans 4883, Nutans 4812 and variety Omskiy 101 (the sum of ranks = 34...38); multilayered membranous – Omskiy 99 and Nutans 4883 (sum of ranks = 54 and 56); two-row hulless hulless cultivar Omskiy golozernyy 1 (sum of ranks = 82); multi-row hulless varieties Omskiy golozernyy 2, Omskiy golozernyy 4 (sum of ranks = 86 and 84). Scientific novelty consists in the study of 8 varieties and 5 new promising lines of filmy and naked groups of barley, selection of the Omsk agricultural research center. The most adaptive varieties and lines for the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia are identified, which are recommended for introduction into production and for further breeding work.

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Watts, David P. "Male dominance relationships in an extremely large chimpanzee community at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda." Behaviour 155, no. 13-15 (2018): 969–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003517.

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Abstract Male dominance hierarchies occur in many group-living primates and some non-primate mammals. Variation in aspects of agonistic relationships such as how many dyads show bidirectionality in aggression leads to variation in dominance hierarchies along a continuum from egalitarian (relatively small agonistic power differences between adjacently-ranked individuals, shallow hierarchies) to despotic (relatively large differences, steep hierarchies). Ranks usually depend mostly or entirely on individual characteristics that influence fighting ability (e.g., body size) and show inverse-U shaped relationships to age. However, coalitionary support sometimes also influences ranks. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) form multi-male, multi-female communities within which males compete for status. Males typically form dominance hierarchies, and data from multiple study show that rank is positively related to paternity success. Males also often form coalitions and some dyads form long-term alliances. Effective coalitionary support can help individuals improve and maintain their ranks, and some evidence supports the hypothesis that coalitionary aggression generally, and the positions that males hold in coalitions networks specifically, influences paternity success. Hierarchy steepness varies among communities and within communities over time; variation in the number of prime-aged males per community is a likely source of this variation. Long-term data from an extremely large chimpanzee community with unusually many males, at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda, are largely consistent with previous analyses of male chimpanzee dominance hierarchies, but show several notable contrasts. Males at Ngogo formed significantly linear hierarchies and hierarchy steepness was greater than expected if the outcomes of agonistic interactions were random. However, variation in steepness did not show the significant inverse relationship to the number of “prime-aged” males documented for other chimpanzee communities and average steepness was high given the large number of males. Ranks showed an inverse-U shaped relationship to age, although individual rank trajectories varied considerably, but males attained their highest lifetime ranks at later ages and maintained relatively high ranks to later ages than those at other chimpanzee research sites. Two measures of coalition networks, strength and Bonacich power, showed significant positive relationships with male ranks. Strength is the rate at which males joined coalitions. Bonacich power is a measure of network centrality that assesses a male’s relational power, or influence (Bonacich, 1987): a male with high Bonacich power formed coalitions with relatively many other males who were also central in the coalition network, i.e., he was strongly connected to powerful others. On average, males also attained maximum values for these and other network measures relatively late and maintained relatively high values to relatively late ages. High coalition network strength, Bonacich power, and eigenvector centrality early in adulthood were associated with high peak ranks at later ages. However, the direction of causality between participation in coalition networks and ranks is not yet clear, and the effects of body size on dominance ranks and individual rank trajectories remains to be explored. Ngogo is a favourable habitat for chimpanzees and survivorship there is unusually high; this presumably facilitates the ability of males to maintain high competitive ability longer than at other sites and shifts rank trajectories toward older ages and leads to relatively steep hierarchies despite the fact that many male dyads have similar competitive ability. Future work will assess the impact of coalitions on dominance relationships in more detail and the relationship of coalitionary aggression to paternity success.

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DO CARMO, ANDRÉIA FERREIRA, CONCEIÇÃO APARECIDA DORNELAS MONTEIRO MAIA, MÁRCIA MARTINS MARQUES, REJANE ANDRADE DE CARVALHO, ANA LUIZA DIAS LEITE DE ANDRADE, ROSEANA DE ALMEIDA FREITAS, and HÉBEL CAVALCANTI GALVÃO. "PP - IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF RANK, RANKL AND OPG IN REIMPLANTED TEETH OF RATS." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 123, no. 2 (February 2017): e67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2016.09.153.

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Grodzicka, Aneta, and Jan Szlązak. "Analysis of Survey Results in Terms of Selection of Characteristics of the Mining Rescuer to the Ranks of Rapid Response." Management Systems in Production Engineering 22, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mspe-10-02-2016.

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Abstract The authors of the current study undertook the subject of the analysis features of the mining rescuer as a member of the ranks of the rescue, with particular emphasis on the following parameters: heart rate, body weight, height, BMI, age and seniority in the mining and rescue. This publication concerns the analysis of the test results of these characteristics rescuer as a potential member of the ranks of the rescue, taking into account its risk appetite, stress resistance, attitude towards life, the role of the team, teamwork, attitude to work, motivation to work and physical fitness.

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Egorov, A., E. Kutcher, N. Chernikova, and M. Dorofeikova. "The effect of alcohol administration on social behavior of rats with experimental schizophrenia." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1352.

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Experimental animal modeling of schizophrenia and alcoholism allows understanding the mechanisms of comorbid pathology formation. The aim was to investigate the effect of ethanol administration on social relations in rats with experimental schizophrenia.The study was carried out on 30 Wistar adult male rats aged. After 2 weeks isolation rat social ranks were determined. Alcohol preference was evaluated in the two-bottle test. Schizophrenia was modeled by administering to rats (n = 15) dopamine precursor levodopa-carbidopa (LC) during 5 days each month in four months experiment. The control animals (n = 15) received water. All animals were subjected to intermittent alcoholization throughout the experiment after the introduction of the LC. The behavioral parameters evaluated in the “open field” and “despair” tests.It was found out that the experimental rats who received alcohol did not differ in the number of interactions compared to the rats who received only alcohol. In the rats with experimental schizophrenia a significantly higher social interactions were observed compared to the control group. This is consistent with the results of the clinical studies, which have shown that patients often drink alcohol to relieve anxiety and tension. The two-bottle test has shown the difference between the experimental and control groups only in the first week of the experiment. Apparently, this can be explained by the prolonged isolation. In the despair test, before the alcoholization, the rats with experimental schizophrenia were completely immobilized, compared to the controls. After alcoholization the differences in the despair test were not observed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Arnez, Maya Fernanda Manfrin, Larissa Soares Nogueira Ribeiro, Gabriel Dessotti Barretto, Patrícia Maria Monteiro, Edilson Ervolino, and Maria Bernadete Sasso Stuani. "RANK/RANKL/OPG Expression in Rapid Maxillary Expansion." Brazilian Dental Journal 28, no. 3 (June 2017): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201601116.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate osteoclastogenesis signaling in midpalatal suture after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to two groups with 15 animals each: control (C) and RME group. RME was performed by inserting a 1.5-mm-thick circular metal ring between the maxillary incisors. The animals were euthanized at 3, 7 and 10 days after RME. qRT-PCR was used to evaluate expression of Tnfsf11 (RANKL), Tnfrsf11a (RANK) and Tnfrsf11b (OPG). Data were submitted to statistical analysis using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test (a=0.05). There was an upregulation of RANK and RANKL genes at 7 and 10 days and an upregulation of the OPG gene at 3 and 7 days of healing. Interestingly, an increased in expression of all genes was observed over time in both RME and C groups. The RANKL/OPG ratio showed an increased signaling favoring bone resorption on RME compared to C at 3 and 7 days. Signaling against bone resorption was observed, as well as an upregulation of OPG gene expression in RME group, compared to C group at 10 days. The results of this study concluded that the RANK, RANK-L and OPG system participates in bone remodeling after RME.

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Silva, Gonçalo, Natália Marques, and Gustavo Nolasco. "The evolutionary rate of citrus tristeza virus ranks among the rates of the slowest RNA viruses." Journal of General Virology 93, no. 2 (February 1, 2012): 419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.036574-0.

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Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) has been studied intensively at the molecular level. However, knowledge regarding the dynamics of its evolution is practically non-existent. In the past, diverse authors have referred to CTV as a highly variable virus, implying rapid evolution. Others have, in recent times, referred to CTV as an exceptionally slowly evolving virus. In this work, we used the capsid protein (CP) gene to estimate the rate of evolution. This was obtained from a large set of heterochronous CP gene sequences using a Bayesian coalescent approach. The best-fitting evolutionary and population models pointed to an evolutionary rate of 1.58×10−4 nt per site year−1 (95 % highest posterior density, 1.73×10−5–3.16×10−4 nt per site year−1). For an unbiased comparison with other plant and animal viruses, the evolutionary rate of synonymous substitutions was considered. In a series of 88 synonymous evolutionary rates, ranging from 5.2×10−6 to 6.2×10−2 nt per site year−1, CTV ranks in the 10th percentile, embedded among the slowest animal RNA viruses. At the time of citrus dissemination to Europe and the New World, the major clades that led to the current phylogenetic groups were already defined, which may explain the absence nowadays of geographical speciation.

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Royalty, Joel. "Effects of Prenatal Ethanol Exposure on Juvenile Play-Fighting and Postpubertal Aggression in Rats." Psychological Reports 66, no. 2 (April 1990): 551–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1990.66.2.551.

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The effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on juvenile play-fighting and postpubetal aggressive behavior in rats were longitudinally assessed in the context of more conventionally applied physical and behavioral measures. Pregnant animals were treated with either 2 gm/kg/day ethanol or isocaloric sucrose over gestation Days 6—19. Reproduction and somatic variables included maternal weight over gestation, offspring weight over Days 1—90, and age at eye opening and incisor eruption. Behavioral variables consisted of negative geotaxis, olfactory discrimination, activity, juvenile play-fighting, and postpubetal aggression. Ethanol offspring had lower birth weights, but there was no significant prenatal treatment effect on subsequent offspring weights or on any other reproductive or somatic variable. Both male and female ethanol-exposed offspring exhibited more play-fighting responses when paired with same-sex controls. Postpubertal aggression levels were assessed in males only. Ethanol-exposed offspring were more aggressive than controls and there was a significant positive correlation between play-fighting and postpubertal aggression ranks. No other behavioral measures discriminated between prenatal treatment groups and none were significantly correlated with either play-fighting or postpubertal aggression rank. The results are consistent with the position that juvenile play-fighting and postpubertal aggression are subserved by common substrates. They also are consistent with predictions derived from the hypothesis concerning a response-inhibition deficit as an effect of prenatal ethanol exposure on behavior.

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Shakhristova, Ye V., Ye A. Stepovaya, V. V. Ivanov, O. L. Nosareva, N. V. Ryazantseva, and V. V. Novitsky. "OXIDATIVE MODIFICATION OF PROTEINS AND GLUTATHIONE SYSTEM IN ADIPOCYTES UNDER DIABETES." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 13, no. 3 (June 28, 2014): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2014-3-84-90.

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Currently, diabetes ranks third in relation to medical and social significance after cardiovascular diseases and cancer and is the leading cause of blindness; it greatly increases the risk of myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, nephropathy and hypertension in patients with this disorder; therefore clinical and experimental studies aimed at investigation of diabetes emergence and development mechanisms are urgent.The aim of the study was to investigate the status of oxidative modification of proteins and glutathionedependent antioxidant defense system in adipocytes of rats with alloxan diabetes under conditions of oxidative stress.Material and methods. Development of type 1 diabetes was induced in rats by alloxan administration (90 mg/kg of body mass). Adipocytes were obtained from epididymal adipose tissue of rats. The level of carbonyl derivatives of proteins, oxidized tryptophan, bityrosine, general, reduced, oxygenated and protein-bound glutathione, as well as glutathione peroxidase activity in adipocytes of rats was determined.Results. In adipocytes of rats with alloxan diabetes, concentration of carbonyl derivatives of proteins, bityrosine and oxidized tryptophan increased on the background of redox-potential of glutathione system and glutathione peroxidase activity decrease.Conclusion. The obtained data indicate the activation of free-radical oxidation of proteins and reduction of antioxidant defense under conditions of oxidative stress in the adipose tissue of rats with alloxan diabetes; this process plays an important role in pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications development.

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Chen, Zhebin, Dasong Liu, Xue Tang, Ying Cui, Wei Hu, Joe M. Regenstein, and Peng Zhou. "Sea cucumber enzymatic hydrolysates relieve osteoporosis through OPG/RANK/RANKL system in ovariectomized rats." Food Bioscience 46 (April 2022): 101572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101572.

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de Amorim, Fernanda Penna Lima Guedes, Sócrates Souza Ornelas, Sandoval Felicíssimo Diniz, Aline Carvalho Batista, and Tarcília Aparecida da Silva. "Imbalance of RANK, RANKL and OPG expression during tibial fracture repair in diabetic rats." Journal of Molecular Histology 39, no. 4 (July 1, 2008): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10735-008-9178-x.

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Tan, Lijun, Yijin Ren, Jun Wang, Lingyong Jiang, Hui Cheng, Andrew Sandham, and Zhihe Zhao. "Osteoprotegerin and Ligand of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor." Angle Orthodontist 79, no. 2 (March 1, 2009): 292–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/031608-150.1.

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Abstract Objective: To test the null hypothesis that increased tooth displacement in ovariectomized rats is not related to differential expressions of OPG and RANKL in the periodontium. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four 12-week female rats were used; half were ovariectomized and half were not. Three months later, the maxillary first molar was moved mesially. Groups of rats were sacrificed at days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 after activation. Tooth movement was measured at each time point. OPG and RANKL expressions were examined through immunohistochemistry. Results: Ovariectomized and nonovariectomized rats showed three-phase tooth movement. In both groups, OPG expression increased at the tension area and RANKL increased at the pressure area. The OPG/RANKL ratio coincided with tooth movement, especially in the linear phase from 7 to 14 days. Conclusions: The null hypothesis is rejected. The increased rate of tooth movement in ovariectomized rats was related to differential expressions of OPG and RANKL.

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Schwarz, Alexander P., Anna A. Kovalenko, Daria A. Malygina, Tatiana Y. Postnikova, Olga E. Zubareva, and Aleksey V. Zaitsev. "Reference Gene Validation in the Brain Regions of Young Rats after Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures." Biomedicines 8, no. 8 (July 23, 2020): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8080239.

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Reverse transcription followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is a powerful and commonly used tool for gene expression analysis. It requires the right choice of stably expressed reference genes for accurate normalization. In this work, we aimed to select the optimal reference genes for qRT-PCR normalization within different brain areas during the first week following pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in immature (P20–22) Wistar rats. We have tested the expression stability of a panel of nine housekeeping genes: Actb, Gapdh, B2m, Rpl13a, Sdha, Ppia, Hprt1, Pgk1, and Ywhaz. Based on geometric averaging of ranks obtained by four common algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, Comparative Delta-Ct), we found that the stability of tested reference genes varied significantly between different brain regions. The expression of the tested panel of genes was very stable within the medial prefrontal and temporal cortex, and the dorsal hippocampus. However, within the ventral hippocampus, the entorhinal cortex and amygdala expression levels of most of the tested genes were not steady. The data revealed that in the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure model in juvenile rats, Pgk1, Ppia, and B2m expression are the most stable within the medial prefrontal cortex; Ppia, Rpl13a, and Sdha within the temporal cortex; Pgk1, Ppia, and Rpl13a within the entorhinal cortex; Gapdh, Ppia, and Pgk1 within the dorsal hippocampus; Rpl13a, Sdha, and Ppia within the ventral hippocampus; and Sdha, Pgk1, and Ppia within the amygdala. Our data indicate the need for a differential selection of reference genes across brain regions, including the dorsal and ventral hippocampus.

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Hou, Jian-ming, Ying Xue, and Qing-ming Lin. "Bovine lactoferrin improves bone mass and microstructure in ovariectomized rats via OPG/RANKL/RANK pathway." Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 33, no. 10 (August 20, 2012): 1277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/aps.2012.83.

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Gudkov, Andrey B., Оlʼga N. Popova, Anatoliy А. Nebuchennykh, Ilʼya V. Manuylov, and Anatoliy F. Shcherbina. "Seasonal Organization of Haemodynamics in Skiers with Sports Ranks Living in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation." Journal of Medical and Biological Research, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2687-1491-z048.

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This paper analyses the results of a correlation analysis of haemodynamic parameters in 38 male skiers with the ranks of First- and Second-Class Sportsman aged between 18 and 22 years. Stroke volume, heart rate, cardiac output, myocardial efficiency index, myocardial stress index, left ventricular power index, and total peripheral resistance were determined 4 times a year (autumn, winter, spring and summer). It was found that not only the haemodynamic parameters, but also the connections between them change during the year. For instance, in skiers with sports ranks, stroke volume prevails in the structure of cardiac output, especially in autumn and winter, which indicates a significant chronotropic reserve of the cardiovascular system. Myocardial efficiency index is provided by the value of stroke volume. A correlation between myocardial efficiency index and left ventricular power index in skiers can be observed in autumn and, especially, in winter. The value of total peripheral resistance negatively affects cardiac output, stroke volume, myocardial stress index, heart rate, and left ventricular power index.

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Rabilloud, Muriel, René Ecochard, and Jacques Estève. "Maternity hospitals ranking on prophylactic caesarean section rates: uncertainty associated with ranks." European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 94, no. 1 (January 2001): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-2115(00)00302-x.

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Zhang, Shunpu, Jun Luo, Li Zhu, David G. Stinchcomb, Dave Campbell, Ginger Carter, Scott Gilkeson, and Eric J. Feuer. "Confidence intervals for ranks of age-adjusted rates across states or counties." Statistics in Medicine 33, no. 11 (January 13, 2014): 1853–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.6071.

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Ramos Garzón, Judy Ximena, and Sandra Rocío Guáqueta Parada. "Respuesta adaptativa del niño con síndrome de bajo gasto cardiaco a los cambios de posición en la unidad de cuidado intensivo pediátrico." Investigación en Enfermería: Imagen y Desarrollo 16, no. 2 (July 1, 2014): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.ie16-2.rans.

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Introducción: Roy, en su modelo de adaptación, plantea que un estímulo contextual como una intervención de enfermería genera en el sistema humano una respuesta adaptativa que puede ser efectiva o inefectiva. Objetivo: Describir y analizar la respuesta adaptativa en el modo fisiológico en lactantes de 2 a 23 meses de edad con bajo gasto cardiaco en estado crítico, al realizar intervenciones cotidianas de enfermería en la unidad de cuidado intensivo pediátrica. Método: Observacional-descriptivo de abordaje cuantitativo y diseño de mediciones repetidas. Los indicadores propuestos de adaptación fisiológica positiva que se midieron fueron: tensión arterial sistólica, frecuencia cardiaca y llenado capilar. La muestra (n = 75) la constituyeron niños lactantes y se dividió en tres grupos según la severidad del bajo gasto cardiaco (n = 25). Análisis estadístico: Análisis no paramétrico en SPSS 15 con prueba de Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis y chi cuadrado. Análisis gráfico con Boxplot. Resultado: La intervención de enfermería (cambio de posición) tiene un efecto prolongado y significativamente negativo (p < 0,05) en la capacidad adaptativa fisiológica de los lactantes en estado crítico; depende de la severidad de bajo gasto cardiaco: a mayor severidad del bajo gasto cardiaco, mayor presencia de adaptación inefectiva. Conclusiones: Es posible la cuantificación de la capacidad fisiológica de adaptación de un sistema humano a través de indicadores sensibles y específicos de adaptación fisiológica positiva. La técnica, duración y frecuencia de los cambios de posición del lactante con bajo gasto cardiaco en estado crítico deben ser una decisión de enfermería basada en la respuesta hemodinámica y las necesidades de cuidado de cada paciente.

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Iglauer, F., W. Deutsch, K. Gärtner, and G. O. Schwarz. "The Influence of Genotypes and Social Ranks in the Clinical Course of an Experimental Infection with Mycoplasma pulmonis (MRM) in Inbred Rats*." Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B 39, no. 1-10 (January 12, 1992): 672–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0450.1992.tb01221.x.

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Safarpour, Soheila, Marzieh Pirzadeh, Anahita Ebrahimpour, Fatemeh Shirafkan, Fateme Madani, Mohammad Hosseini, Ali Akbar Moghadamnia, and Sohrab Kazemi. "Protective Effect of Kaempferol and Its Nanoparticles on 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats." BioMed Research International 2022 (February 13, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2273000.

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Background. Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the third most common chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of solid tumors. 5-FU-associated cardiotoxicity ranks the second causes of cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapeutic drugs after anthracyclines. Kaempferol (KPF), a common flavonoid, possessing anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, antioxidative properties, and its protective effects on cardiovascular disease has been reported in various studies. The current study is aimed at appraising the effect of KPF and KPF nanoparticles (NPs) on 5-FU-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Methods. Thirty Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups as follows: control, 5-FU, 5-FU+10 mg/kg vitamin C, 5-FU+ 1 mg/kg KPF, and 5-FU+ 1 mg/kg KPF-NPs. Cardiotoxicity was induced with an intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of 5-FU (100 mg/kg). The control group received normal saline, and the treatment groups received KPF and KPF-NPs with an intraperitoneal injection for 14 days. Each heart histopathological lesions were given a score of 0 to 3 in compliance with the articles for statistical analysis. Results. 5-FU resulted in a significant cardiotoxicity represented by an increase in cardiac enzymes, MDA (malondialdehyde) levels, COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) expression, and histopathological degenerations. 5-FU treatment also decreased body weight, TAC (total antioxidant capacity) values, VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) expression, blood cells, and hemoglobin (Hb) levels. Treatment with KPF and KPF-NPs reduced oxidative stress, cardiac enzymes, COX-2 expression, and VEGF expression. The number of blood cells, Hb levels, and histopathological degenerations, in cardiac tissue also body weight of animals, increased, followed by treatment with KPF and KPF-NPs. Conclusion. Our results demonstrated that treatment with KPF and KPF-NPs significantly improved cardiotoxicity induced by 5-FU in rats.

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Nyame, Faustina, Ibrahim Alhassan, and Abukari Alhassan. "Multivariate Analysis of Students’ Perception of the Impact of Lecturers’ Ranks on their Performance at the Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, University for Development Studies-Navrongo, Ghana." Higher Education Studies 9, no. 1 (December 4, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/hes.v9n1p53.

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This paper examines students’ perception of the impact of lecturers’ ranks on their performance across departments in the Faculty of Mathematical Sciences (FMS) of the University for Development Studies (UDS), Navrongo Campus. The study used a self-designed structured questionnaire administered to 160 respondents (students) of the Faculty. All the 160 questionnaires were retrieved, which represents 100% response rate. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 for windows. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) results showed that (at P<0.05) Senior Lecturers received higher ratings followed by Lecturers and then Assistant Lecturers, indicating that the ranks of Teaching Staff significantly influenced their performance across the various departments of the Faculty. Recommendations and implications for management of Higher Institutions of Learning (HIL) have been discussed. The paper contributes to the literature in the area of supervision and evaluation of the performance of teaching staff in the HIL context.

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Cezar, Asunur, and Hulisi Ögüt. "Analyzing conversion rates in online hotel booking." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 28, no. 2 (February 8, 2016): 286–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-05-2014-0249.

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Purpose – The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of three main technologies on converting browsers into customers: impact of review rating (location rating and service rating), recommendation and search listings. Design/methodology/approach – This paper estimates conversion rate model parameters using a quasi-likelihood method with the Bernoulli log-likelihood function and parametric regression model based on the beta distribution. Findings – The results show that a high rank in search listings, a high number of recommendations and location rating have a significant and positive impact on conversion rates. However, service rating and star rating do not have a significant effect on conversion rate. Furthermore, room price and hotel size are negatively associated with conversion rate. It was also found that a high rank in search listings, a high number of recommendations and location rating increase online hotel bookings. Furthermore, it was found that a high number of recommendations increase the conversion rate of hotels with low ranks. Practical implications – The findings show that hotels’ location ratings are more important than both star and service ratings for the conversion of visitors into customers. Thus, hotels that are located in convenient locations can charge higher prices. The results may also help entrepreneurs who are planning to open new hotels to forecast the conversion rates and demand for specific locations. It was found that a high number of recommendations help to increase the conversion rate of hotels with low ranks. This result suggests that a high numbers of recommendations mitigate the adverse effect of a low rank in search listings on the conversion rate. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the understanding of the drivers of conversion rates in online channels for the successful implementation of hotel marketing.

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Munaier, Christian Gomes-e.-Souza, and Luiz Wanderley Tavares. "Gym Access." Journal on Innovation and Sustainability RISUS 13, no. 4 (December 27, 2022): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2179-3565.2022v13i4p68-82.

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This paper aims to infer the importance of gyms and health clubs in the fight against non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) and the fight against obesity and physical inactivity amid a global pandemic. Neither scholars nor health associations present a clear indicator of devices dealing with physical inactivity, unlike what was done with hospital beds. In this gap lies this article’s purpose: in light of upstream social marketing, to propose that the number of gyms per 100,000 inhabitants, with the physical activity penetration rate, combined in a synthetic variable is an indicator in the fight against physical inactivity and obesity. We strive to offer a synthetic variable, namely Gym Access. We proposed a Gym Access ranking amongst the 61 countries utilizing the new variable. We analyzed secondary data from 61 countries using Confirmatory and Exploratory Factorial Analyses, Linear and Multiple Regression, Process Mediation Analysis, and One-way ANOVA. The latent variable positively impacts the country’s life expectancy, and NCDs absolute risk rate mediates the impact of Gym Access on the country’s life expectancy. Finland ranks first in the Gym Access ranking, and Indonesia ranks last. There is a significant statistical difference between OECD countries compared to other countries.

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McHugh, Nansie A., Haydee M. Vercesi, Robert W. Egan, and John A. Hey. "Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand arrests bone growth and promotes cortical bone resorption in growing rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 95, no. 2 (August 2003): 672–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00056.2003.

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Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), produced by osteoblastic lineage cells and activated T cells, is an essential factor for osteoclast differentiation, activation, and survival. Therefore, RANKL is a focal point of therapies targeting bone diseases where there is an imbalance of bone metabolism in favor of bone resorption. The present study assesses the effects of exogenous RANKL on growing bone. RANKL (100 μg·kg-1·day-1 for 7 days) administered to Sprague-Dawley weanling rats caused major deficits in growth, appearance, and bone mineral densities (BMD). Urinary deoxypyridinoline crosslinks, a measure of bone turnover, were higher in the RANKL-treated rats ( P = 0.031), and the bone mineral content was lower ( P < 0.001). The final BMD in the RANKL-treated rats was lower ( P = 0.039) than in the control rats (19 ± 7 vs. 38 ± 5 mg/cm3). Moreover, calculated cortical bone density in each bone slice (total BMD - trabecular BMD) indicated there was only 5% cortical bone remaining in RANKL-treated rats. We conclude that therapies targeting RANKL are likely to have effects on cortical as well as trabecular bone density.

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Dwi Norma Retnaningrum, Wenny Rahmawati, and Alfima Rahasti. "Effect Of Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) On Placenta Weight and Fetal Weight in Preeclampsia Model Wistar Rats." EMBRIO 13, no. 2 (November 29, 2021): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/embrio.v13i2.3699.

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Preeclampsia was defined as new onset hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation in which the mother had no previous history of hypertension. Preeclampsia is a disorder that often occurs in pregnancy with an incidence rate of 2-8% among pregnancies in the world. Preeclampsia ranks 2nd as a cause of maternal death (MMR). In East Java, preeclampsia was ranked 1st as the cause of AKI in 2016. Preeclampsia as one of the main causes of maternal death can be detected and treated properly before the emergence of life-threatening complications such as eclampsia. In severe cases, preeclampsia increases the risk of comorbidities such as Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzyme Levels, and Low Platelet Levels (HELLP) syndrome, edema, Disseminated Vascular Coagulation (DIC), and eclampsia/cerebral edema, whereas in fetus preeclampsia is associated with intrauterine growth restriction. (IUGR), prematurity and fetal death. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is obtained from olives in a mechanical way that does not change the composition of the oil. Research on EVOO has been widely studied in a broad spectrum which explores its content as antioxidants and also anti-inflammatory polyphenols and tocopherols that can be used as anti-oxidants and also anti-inflammatory. The purpose of this study was to prove the role of EVOO on placental and fetal weight in preeclampsia model Wistar rats. The design of this study was experimental (quasi experimental) with a posttest only control group design approach. This study consisted of 5 groups, negative group, positive group (preeclampsia model rats), treatment groups 1, 2 and 3, namely preeclampsia rats that were given EVOO in 3 different doses (each 0.5ml/day, 1ml/day, 2 ml/day). After being sacrificed, the placenta and fetus are weighed to determine their weight. The results showed that the administration of EVOO was effective in increasing the weight of the placenta and fetus in preeclampsia model rats with a P value of 0.000 (P<0.05).

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Quinn, Matthew. "Australia – how do we compare as an exploration destination?" APPEA Journal 59, no. 1 (2019): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18044.

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A country’s competitiveness as a destination to conduct oil and gas exploration and production operations can be assessed through analysis of key metrics including discovered volumes, new field wildcat success rate, average field size, discovered volumes per new field wildcat, fiscal terms, sanctity of contract, regulatory burden and civil society risk. When compared globally, Australia ranks very high for aboveground risk factors, well for discovered volumes and discovered volumes per new field wildcat but sits towards the lower end of the dataset for fiscal terms. When assigning each metric a score on a scale of 1–10 and appropriately weighting and combining them to produce one overall score for each country, Australia currently ranks fourteenth for offshore and sixth for onshore. Historically, Australia’s rankings have been relatively consistent and have not dropped below twentieth since 2006. Conducting this analysis at a basin level allows the introduction of ‘time to onstream’ and ‘yet to find’ as additional metrics. Of the Australian immature basins, the McArthur Basin has the highest ranking; and for moderately mature basins, the North Carnarvon Basin tops the list.

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Hakkak, Reza, Chris Randolph, Sirish Bennuri, and Michael Robeson. "Effects of Short-Term Metformin Treatment on Gut Microbiota Profile Using Female Obese Zucker Rat Model." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab055_023.

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Abstract Objectives The correlation of short-term metformin treatment and specific alterations to the gut microbiota in obese models is less known. So, the objectives of this experiment was to investigate the effects of short-term metformin treatment on population of gut microbiota profile in obese rat model. Methods Five week old obese (n = 16) female Zucker rats after one week of acclimation, received AIN-93 G diet for 8 weeks and then rats were randomly assigned 8 rats/group): to 1) obese without metformin (ObC), or 2) obese with metformin (ObMet). Metformin were mixed with AIN-93G diet at 1000 mg/kg of diet. Rats were weighed twice per week. All rats were sacrificed 10 weeks post-metformin treatment and fecal samples were collected and kept at − 80c. Total microbial DNA were collected directly from the fecal samples using a PowerSoil® DNA isolation kit. Isolated DNA were used for shotgun-metagenomics data collection using Illumina NextSeq500 and analyzed using MetaPlAn and HUMAnN. DEICODE and Songbird used calculate log-ratios and differential ranks of taxa and functional pathways associated with metformin treatment respectively. The were then visualized using Qurro. Results There was no significant difference between ObC vs. ObMet group body weight (P = 0.20). Overall microbial beta-diversity (DEICODE), showed significant separation between the obese control and metformin samples (P = 0.0007). Differential ranking (Songbird) of Bacteroides dorei and B. massiliensis vs. all other Bacteroides spp., revealed that B. dorei and B. massiliensis were enriched in the obese metformin group, while the remaining Bacteroides spp. where enriched in the obese control group (P = 0.002). The differential ranking of pathway diversity contributed by the Bacteroides were also associated with treatment group (P = 0.008). Conclusions In summary, in the obese zucker rat model, short-term metformin treatment changes the gut microbiota profile. Funding Sources Arkansas Biosciences Institute.

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Fauzi, Ahmad, Alvarino Alvarino, Yanwirasti Yanwirasti, and Roni Eka Sahputra. "Effects of Amnion Lyophilization Sterile Radiation on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Cluster of Differentiation 34 in Nonunion Fractures." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 15, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 1053–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2440.

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One of the causes of nonunion is inadequate vascularization due to severe injury mechanisms that cause defective bone healing factors. Therefore, in non-union fractures, a trigger is needed for the growth factors to work properly. This study aimed to determine the effects of ALSR on VEGF and CD-34 in non-union fractures. This study used an experimental post-test only control group design that involved white rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain. The VEGF expression was assessed by anti-VEGF staining, which was done by cutting paraffin blocks into a thickness of 5 μm, then the blocks were deparaffinized in xylol and rehydrated with alcohol. The results of the analysis are displayed with their mean ranks between control groups and treatment groups. It was found that CD-34 expression was high in the ALSR group. This shows the occurrence of angiogenesis and the regeneration in the case of non-union fractures in this study.

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Agustian, Efandri. "ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN INDUSTRI PERBANKAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2008 - 2012 (STUDI KASUS PADA 4 BANK SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH MERGER DAN AKUISISI)." JUMANJI (JURNAL MANAJEMEN JAMBI) 1, no. 1 (May 14, 2018): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35141/jmj.v1i1.38.

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Pada pengujian yang dilakukan secara serentak terhadap seluruh rasio keuanganyang digunakan pada penelitian ini menunjukan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan.Sedangkan hasil pengujian yang dilakukan secara parsial juga menunjukan seluruhvariabel-variabel yang digunakan pada penilitian ini, menunjukan tidak adaperbedaan yang signifikan pada variabel rasio-rasio keuangan yang digunakanpasca merger dan akuisisi. Baik pada perbandingan 1 tahun sebelum dengan 1tahun hingga 4 tahun sesudah merger dan akuisisi. Berikut penjelasan kesimpulanberdasarkan tujuan penelitian. Berdasarkan rasio variabel NPM, menunjukan kinerjakeuangan pada 1 tahun sebelum dan 1 hingga 4 tahun sesudah merger dan akuisisiberturut-turut adalah 0,072, 0,267, 0,135, 0,125 dan 0,165. Hal ini menyatakan tidakada perbedaan kinerja keuangan secara signifikan antara sebelum dan sesudahmerger. Variabel ROI, menunjukan kinerja keuangan pada 1 tahun sebelum dan 1hingga 4 tahun sesudah merger dan akuisisi berturut-turut adalah 0,742, 0,219,1,345, 1,285 dan 1,820. Hal ini menyatakan tidak ada perbedaan kinerja keuangansecara signifikan antara sebelum dan sesudah merger. Variabel ROE, menunjukankinerja keuangan pada 1 tahun sebelum dan 1 hingga 4 tahun sesudah merger danakuisisi berturut-turut adalah 7,652, 5,770, 13,860, 12,630 dan 15,030. Hal inimenyatakan tidak ada perbedaan kinerja keuangan secara signifikan antara sebelumdan sesudah merger. Variabel EPS, menunjukan kinerja keuangan pada 1 tahunsebelum dan 1 hingga 4 tahun sesudah merger dan akuisisi berturut-turut adalah37,357, 38,877, 59,630, 71,995 dan 100,425. Hal ini menyatakan dari tahun ketahunrata-rata EPS mengalami peningkatan. Variabel PER, menunjukan kinerja keuanganpada 1 tahun sebelum dan 1 hingga 4 tahun sesudah merger dan akuisisi berturutturut adalah 154,095, 40,722, 38,580, 23,230 dan 17,895. Hal ini menyatakan daritahun ketahun rata-rata PER mengalami penurunan. Pada variabel NPM yang diujidengan metode Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test menunjukan tidak ada perbedaan yangsignifikan antara sebelum dan sesudah merger. Baik dari periode amatan yangmembandingkan antara 1 tahun sebelum dengan 1 tahun sampai dengan 4 tahunsetelah merger dan akuisisi, hal ini dikarenakan nilai signifikansi antara 1 tahunsebelum dengan 1 tahun hingga 4 tahun setelah merger dan akuisisi berturut-turut(0,715, 0,180, 0,317 & 0,180) lebih besar dibandingkan dari 0,05. Variabel ROI yangdi uji dengan metode Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test menunjukan tidak ada perbedaanyang signifikan antara sebelum dan sesudah merger. Baik dari periode amatan yangmembandingkan antara 1 tahun sebelum dengan 1 tahun sampai dengan 4 tahunsetelah merger dan akuisisi, hal ini dikarenakan nilai signifikansi antara 1 tahunsebelum dengan 1 tahun hingga 4 tahun setelah merger dan akuisisi berturut-turut(0,144, 0,180, 0,180 & 0,180) lebih besar dibandingkan dari 0,05. Variabel ROE yangdiuji dengan Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test menunjukan tidak ada perbedaan yangsignifikan antara sebelum dan sesudah merger. Baik dari periode amatan yangmembandingkan antara 1 tahun sebelum dengan 1 tahun sampai dengan 4 tahun setelah merger dan akuisisi, hal ini dikarenakan nilai signifikansi antara 1 tahunsebelum dengan 1 tahun hingga 4 tahun setelah merger dan akuisisi berturut-turut(0,465, 0,180, 0,180 & 0,655) lebih besar dibandingkan dari 0,05. Variabel EPS yangdiuji dengan Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test menunjukan tidak ada perbedaan yangsignifikan antara sebelum dan sesudah merger. Baik pada periode amatan yangmembandingkan antara 1 tahun sebelum dengan 1 tahun sampai dengan 4 tahunsesudah merger dan akuisisi, hal ini dikarenakan nilai signifikansi antara 1 tahunsebelum dengan 1 tahun hingga 4 tahun setelah merger dan akuisisi berturut-turut(1,000, 0,180, 0,180 & 0,180) lebih besar dibandingkan dari 0,05. Variabel PER yangdiuji dengan Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test menunjukan tidak ada perbedaan yangsignifikan antara sebelum dan sesudah merger. Baik pada periode amatan yangmembandingkan antara 1 tahun sebelum dengan 1 tahun sampai dengan 4 tahunsesudah merger dan akuisisi, hal ini dikarenakan nilai signifikansi antara 1 tahunsebelum dengan 1 tahun hingga 4 tahun setelah merger dan akuisisi berturut-turut(0,465, 0,655, 0,655 & 0,655) lebih besar dibandingkan dari 0,05.

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Belaire-Franch, Jorge, and Kwaku K. Opong. "Some evidence of random walk behavior of Euro exchange rates using ranks and signs." Journal of Banking & Finance 29, no. 7 (July 2005): 1631–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2004.06.031.

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Skufca, Jozica, Jukka Ollgren, Mikko J. Virtanen, Kaisa Huotari, and Outi Lyytikäinen. "Interhospital Comparison of Surgical Site Infection Rates in Orthopedic Surgery." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 38, no. 4 (January 31, 2017): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2016.333.

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OBJECTIVETo investigate whether comparison by deep or adjusted deep surgical site infection (SSI) rates in orthopedic surgeries are a better basis for feedback to Finnish hospitals than overall SSI ratesDESIGNRetrospective cohort studySETTINGHospitals conducting surveillance of hip arthroplasties (HPROs) and knee arthroplasties (KPROs) in the Finnish Hospital Infection ProgramMETHODSWe analyzed surveillance data for 73,227 HPROs and 56,860 KPROs performed in 18 hospitals during 1999–2014. For each hospital, the overall, deep, and adjusted deep SSI rates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and the hospital ranks were simulated in the Bayesian framework. Adjustments were performed using relevant patient and hospital characteristics. The correlation between the median expected hospital ranks in overall versus deep SSI rates and deep vs adjusted deep SSI rates were assessed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient ρ.RESULTSFor HPRO, the overall SSI rates ranged from 0.92 to 6.83, the deep SSI rates ranged from 0.34 to 1.86, and the adjusted deep hospital-specific SSI rates ranged from 0.37 to 1.85. For KPRO, the overall SSI rates ranged from 0.71 to 5.03, the deep SSI rates ranged from 0.42 to 1.60, and the adjusted deep hospital-specific SSI rates ranged from 0.56 to 1.55. For both procedures, the 95% CIs of the rates between hospitals largely overlapped; only single outliers were detected. Hospital rank did not correlate between overall and deep SSI rates (HPRO, ρ=0.03; KPRO, ρ=0.40), but a correlation was observed in hospital rank for deep and adjusted deep SSI rates (HPRO, ρ=0.85; KPRO, ρ=0.94).CONCLUSIONDeep SSI rates may be a better tool for interhospital comparisons than overall SSI rates. Although the adjustment could lead to fairer hospital ranking, it is not always necessary for feedback.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:423–429

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de Santiago, Ma Angeles, Francisco Gerardo Véliz-Deras, Andrea González-Tavizón, Pablo I. Sifuentes Lamont, Cesar Alberto Meza-Herrera, Rafael Rodriguez Martinez, and Gerardo Arellano Rodríguez. "PSVI-14 Effect of Morphometric Traits Upon Social Hierarchy of Dorper Rams from Northern Mexico." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (September 21, 2022): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.734.

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Abstract Usually, social order is defined by the animal size, live weight, or age. This study aimed to evaluate the association among horn presence (HP), and horn size (HS) on social rank hierarchy. Adult Dorper rams (n=24) with similar live weight (LW), body condition score (BCS), and age (AG) were subjected to a behavioral test to define the success index (SI, ranked form 0 to 1) based on male-to-male interactions, determining three social ranks: low hierarchy rams (LHR; SI = 0-0.33; n=9), medium hierarchy rams (MHR; SI=0.34-0.66; n=10) and high hierarchy rams (HHR; SI= 0.67-1; n=5). Afterward, skull, horn (HP and HS), and body morphometrics were measured. The GLM procedure of SAS (SAS Institute, Cary, NC) was used to analyze LW, AG, BCS, HS and HP with three social ranks and five to ten replicates per group. Rams within social rank were the experimental units. Differences were considered as significant at P < 0.05. Regarding HP, 80% of the HHR rams had horns, while 77.7% of the LHR rams were hornless, with intermediate values for MHR (50%), but no differences were found regarding HS between low, medium and high hierarchy rams (85.1±2.6, 84.3±3.3, and 90.7±4.7, respectively). In conclusion, while presence of horns have an important role for establishing social hierarchy, it is a complex trait influenced by factors other than horn presence or size so, we recommend more research in relation to other factors that could influence the position of rams in the hierarchy rank levels of the herds.

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Beloshitskiy, G. V., I. S. Koroleva, and M. A. Koroleva. "Epidemiological characteristics of staphylococcal meningitis in Russian Federation." Medical alphabet, no. 18 (August 19, 2021): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2021-18-51-54.

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Staphylococcal meningitis (SM) ranks fourth in the etiological structure of purulent bacterial meningitis in the Russian Federation. The most common cause of staphylococcal meningitis is Staphylococcus aureus, which accounts for 68 % of all cases. This meningitis is characterized by a higher mortality rate (30 %) than staphylococcal meningitis of other types of Staphylococcus (13 %) and mainly affects people over 25 years of age. With increasing age, the probability of death increases, and among people over 65 years of age, the mortality rate reaches 44 %.

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Schuster, R., and T. Oshrat. "Rank influences reward value in cooperating laboratory rats." Neuroscience Letters 237 (November 1997): S44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3940(97)90180-4.

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Li, Xin, Lijie Zhang, Yongsong Xu, Dong Zhao, Lin Mu, Baoyu Zhang, and Jing Ke. "Therapeutic Effect of Matrine on Collagen-Induced Arthritis Rats and Its Regulatory Effect on RANKL and OPG Expression." Journal of Immunology Research 2021 (August 9, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4186102.

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Objective. To investigate the effect of matrine on rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and its regulatory effect on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression. Methods. Wistar rats ( n = 6 ) and CIA rats ( n = 30 ) were randomly divided into six groups: healthy, CIA control, low/medium/high matrine (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg, once per day for six weeks), and methotrexate (MTX) (2 mg/kg, once per week for six weeks). The degree of joint damage was evaluated by X-ray and HE staining. Bone marrow suppression was assessed by routine blood analysis. In addition, the levels of serum RANKL and OPG in the rats were measured by ELISA. Results. The level of joint swelling and degree of joint damage assessed by ankle swelling measurements, AI score, X-ray, and HE staining were alleviated in the CIA rats treated with MTX or different doses of matrine. Furthermore, no obvious inhibitory effect was observed on the bone marrow of the CIA rats, regardless of the dose of matrine or treatment with 2 mg/kg MTX ( P > 0.05 ). The levels of OPG in serum and the ratio of OPG/RANKL were higher, and RANKL expression was lower in the low/medium/high matrine group compared with that of the CIA control group. The serum levels of OPG and OPG/RANKL ratio increased with the matrine dose, while the opposite was observed for RANKL expression. Conclusion. Matrine treatment was associated with a lower degree of bone destruction, increased OPG expression and OPG/RANKL ratio, and decreased RANKL expression in CIA rats. Thus, matrine may represent a novel drug candidate for the treatment of RA.

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Hartono, Dwicha Rahma Nuriska, Theresia Indah Budhy Sulisetyawati, and Edhi Jularso. "The potential effect of Moringa oleifera leaves extract on vascular endothelial growth factor expression in Wistar rat oral cancer cells." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 52, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v52.i2.p71-75.

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Background: Cancer is a disease characterized by abnormal and uncontrolled growth of tissue cells. In Indonesia, cancer ranks as the fifth largest cause of mortality, while it is the second largest worldwide. Cancer affected by angiogenesis, the process of forming new blood vessels to provide the nutrient and oxygen necessary for tumor growth. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) represents a pro-angiogenic factor. Moringa oleifera leaf extract can be used as an anticancer agent by reducing the expression of VEGF. Purpose: The study aimed to prove that Moringa oleifera leaf extract can reduce VEGF expression in benzopyrene-induced oral cancer cells of Wistar rats. Methods: This was an experimental laboratory research with posttest-only control group design. All experimental subjects presented symptoms of cancer following induction with 8 mg/KgBW of benzopyrene. The sample consisted of 28 Wistar rats, divided into four groups, namely; a control group (K) whose members were administered with only aquadest and three treatment groups (P) treated with Moringa oleifera leaves extract at percentages of 3.125% (P1), 4.6875% (P2) and 6.25% (P3) respectively. Observation of VEGF expression was undertaken by means of immunohistochemical staining. Results: A decrease in VEGF expression occurred in all treatment groups when compared with the control group. A significant difference existed between the control group (K) and the treatment group (P1), while there were no significant differences between the treatment groups (P1, P2 and P3). Conclusion: Moringa oleifera leaf extract with a percentage of 3.125% proved most effective at reducing VEGF expression in oral cancer cells in Wistar rats.

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Seidu, Rafiu Dimeji, Bert Ediale Young, Herbert Robinson, and Michael Ryan. "The impact of infrastructure investment on economic growth in the United Kingdom." Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v4i2.1206.

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Infrastructure investment has long been held as an accelerator or a driver of the economy. Internationally, the UK ranks poorly with the performance of infrastructure and ranks in the lower percentile for both infrastructure investment and GDP growth rate amongst comparative nations. Faced with the uncertainty of Brexit and the likely negative economic impact this will bring, infrastructure investment may be used to strengthen the UK economy. This study aims to examine how infrastructure funding impacts economic growth and how best the UK can maximize this potential by building on existing work.The research method is based on interviews carried out with respondents involved in infrastructure operating across various sectors. The findings show that investment in infrastructure is vital in the UK as it stimulates economic growth through employment creation due to factor productivity. However, it is critical for investment to be directed to regional opportunity areas with the potential to unlock economic growth and maximize returns whilst stimulating further growth to benefit other regions. There is also a need for policy consistency and to review UK infrastructure policy to streamline the process and to reduce cost and time overrun, with Brexit likely to impact negatively on infrastructure investment.

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TERA, Tábata de Mello, Renata Falchete do PRADO, Andrea Carvalho DE MARCO, Mauro Pedrine SANTAMARIA, and Maria Aparecida Neves JARDINI. "The RANK/ RANKL/ OPG interaction in the repair of autogenous bone grafts in female rats with estrogen deficiency." Brazilian Oral Research 28, no. 1 (September 15, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2014.vol28.0054.

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Zhao, Haijiao, and Lei Zhao. "Low-dose aspirin promotes osteogenic differentiation and osteogenic activity in osteoporotic rats by regulating Opg/Rankl/Rank Axis." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 19, no. 10 (November 26, 2020): 2103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v19i10.13.

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Purpose: To investigate the effect of low-dose aspirin (ASP) on osteogenic differentiation and osteogenic effects in osteoporotic rats, and the associated mechanism.Methods: The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group and 3 drug groups treated with graded doses of ASP i.e. 0.5, 1 and 2 mmol/L, with 4 wells in each group. The OPG, RANKL protein expression levels, OPG/RANKL ratio, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level, and ALP secretion at days 3, 5 and 7 were compared amongst the groups.Results: ALP secretion in BMSCs was markedly higher in the 1 mmol/L ASP group than in control (p < 0.05). The OPG protein concentration and OPG/RANKL ratio were markedly higher in ASP-treated BMSCs than in control, while RANKL protein expression level was significantly lower than that in control (p < 0.05). In BMSCs treated with ASP at doses of 0.5 and 2 mmol/L, OPG protein expression levels and ratio of OPG/RANKL were markedly lower than those in 1 mmol/L ASP group, while the mean level of RANKL protein expression was markedly higher than that in 1 mmol/L ASP group (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Low-dose aspirin increases the expression of ALP, and promotes calcification which relates to upregulation of OPG and inhibition of the OPG/RANKL/RANK axis. This provides new leads for the development of new anti-osteoporosis drugs. Keywords: Aspirin, OPG, RANKL, RANK, Osteoporosis

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Napimoga, Marcelo H., Bruno B. Benatti, Flavia O. Lima, Polyanna M. Alves, Alline C. Campos, Diego R. Pena-dos-Santos, Fernando P. Severino, Fernando Q. Cunha, and Francisco S. Guimarães. "Cannabidiol decreases bone resorption by inhibiting RANK/RANKL expression and pro-inflammatory cytokines during experimental periodontitis in rats." International Immunopharmacology 9, no. 2 (February 2009): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2008.11.010.

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Manrique, Natalia, Cassiano Costa Silva Pereira, Eloá Rodrigues Luvizuto, Maria Del Pilar Rodriguez Sánchez, Tetuo Okamoto, Roberta Okamoto, Doris H. Sumida, and Cristina Antoniali. "Hypertension modifies OPG, RANK, and RANKL expression during the dental socket bone healing process in spontaneously hypertensive rats." Clinical Oral Investigations 19, no. 6 (January 7, 2015): 1319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-014-1369-0.

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Gul, Anum, Bimal Kunwar, Maryam Mazhar, Kahkashan Perveen, and Shabana U. Simjee. "N-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide: a Novel Suppressor of RANK/RANKL Pathway in Collagen-Induced Arthritis Model in Rats." Inflammation 40, no. 4 (May 4, 2017): 1177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10753-017-0561-1.

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Li, Jing, Xuxia Wang, Na Li, Dehua Zhenga, Yuran Su, and Jun Zhang. "Short-term effects of nicotine on orthodontically induced root resorption in rats." Angle Orthodontist 86, no. 2 (June 17, 2015): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/101014-727.1.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the effect of nicotine exposure on root resorption in an in vivo rat model of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), and its association with odontoclastogenesis and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) expression. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight 10-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. The negative control group was untreated. The left maxillary first molars in the nicotine-treated group and the positive control group received OTM with an initial force of 0.6 N in the mesial direction. Also, the nicotine-treated group received intraperitoneal injection of nicotine at 7 mg/kg per day. After 21 days, the rats were humanely killed. Eight rats from each group were randomly chosen for crater volume analysis by micro-computed tomography. For the remaining eight rats in each group, specimen slices were generated for histologic examination to determine the odontoclast number and the mean optical density value of RANKL. Results: The resorption volumes in the nicotine-treated group were significantly larger than those in the control groups. Also, the nicotine-treated group displayed significantly higher number of odontoclasts and elevated RANKL expression compared to the control groups. Conclusions: In an in vivo rat model, nicotine exposure promotes odontoclastogenesis and RANKL expression, evoking aggravated root resorption during OTM.

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Li, Haijian, Jincheng Jincheng, Lin Wang, Yiting Fu, and Chunzhen Zhao. "The Temporal Profile of OPG Expression and Regulatory Role on Ischemic Brain Injury in Rats After MCAo." Medical Research 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.6913/mrhk.202103_3(1).0001.

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Objective To investigate the temporal profile of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) rats and the serum level of RANKL and ALP in OPG deficient and wild type rats. Methods Rats was anesthetized and subjected to MCAo by transient occlusion of middle cerebral artery occlusion. The serum level of OPG, RANKL and ALP in rats after MCAo was examined by ELISA assay. The protein expression of OPG in ischemic brain was determined by Western blot analysis. Results The level of OPG in the rat serum was significantly increased from 6 h after MCAo and peaked at 12-24 and 72-168 h. The protein expression of OPG was upregulated from 12 h after MCAo and peaked at 72 h. The level of RANKL and ALP was significantly decreased in OPG deficient rats after MCAo. Conclusion OPG/RANKL signaling is associated with brain injury after MCAo, indicating a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Rats in the Ranks'

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