Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rats – Comportement animal'
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Schroeder, Henri. "Effets à court et à long terme d'un traitement chronique précoce au diazépam sur la maturation du métabolisme énergétique cérébral et sur le comportement du rat." Nancy 1, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1994_0449_SCHROEDER.pdf.
Full textSchroeder, Henri. "Effets à court et à long terme d'un traitement chronique précoce au diazépam sur la maturation du métabolisme énergétique cérébral et sur le comportement du rat." Nancy 1, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1994_0449_SCHROEDER.pdf.
Full textAmmari, Mohamed. "Effets des champs électromagnétiques sur le comportement : le stress oxydant et le métabolisme oxydatif cérébral chez le rat." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077118.
Full textExposure to electromagnetic fields has arisen in recent decades a large concern. In parallel, many symptoms experienced by some people have been attributed to this factor. The central nervous System is the most integrative tissue for information, and if a sensitivity to electromagnetic fields exists, it is likely to manifest itself on this System. The aim of this work was to study as a first step the effect of two types of electromagnetic fields, a static magnetic field and a radio frequency GSM 900 MHz, on the behavior in rats (anxiety, memory and attention). Then, biological effects of exposure to GSM 900 MHz signal to specific absorption rates of 1. 5 or 6 W/Kg were sought in the central nervous System: on oxidative stress, on oxidative metabolism and on glial cells. Our results show that sub-acute exposure to a static magnetic field of 128 mT did not disturb emotional behavior and recall process in rats, despite a trend towards a decrease in performance. Similarly, a sub-chronic (2 months) and chronic (6 months) "head only" exposure to GSM signal did not disturb learning and memory in rats. However, exposure to GSM 900 MHz signal (DAS 6 W/kg) induced: i) a disturbance of the antioxidant enzymes activity ii) a change in neuronal activity by a change in the activity of the cytochrome c oxidase iii) a reactive astrogliosis (increased GFAP expression) in the brain of exposed rats. Astrogliosis may be associated with underlying neuronal damage. Given the morphological differences between rats and humans, the SAR calculated from an individual as defined in the recommendations and standards, would be equal to four times the average SAR in the rat brain, making the extrapolation of these results to humans reassuring
Jaglin, Mathilde. "Axe intestin-cerveau : effets de la production d’indole par le microbiote intestinal sur le système nerveux central." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112312/document.
Full textThe gastro-intestinal tract hosts a complex microbial community, the gut microbiota, whose collective genome coding capacity vastly exceeds that of the host genome. The involvement of the gut microbiota in various aspects of the host physiology, such as the nutritional metabolism and the immunity, has long been studied. In contrast, the possible action of the gut microbiota on brain development and functioning is a new line of research, still poorly explored. In this context, we performed a first general study of the effect of gut microbiota on the brain by comparing the sensory-motor functions, the anxiety-like behaviour, the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the brain monoamine profile in germ-free and conventional F344 rats. The results show that, in this particularly stress-sensitive strain, absence of gut microbiota exacerbates the anxiety-like behaviour and neuroendocrine response to stress, and reduces brain dopamine metabolism. To investigate the means by which the microbiota can affect the brain, a second study was conducted, targeting a specific bacterial metabolite, indole, whose oxidative derivatives, produced by the liver, are known to have neuroactive properties. Indole is a natural metabolite of the gut microbiota, whoseoverproduction could occur during a microbiota dysbiosis. Two conditions of overproduction, namely chronic and acute, were modelled. In both cases, significant changes in the behaviour of the host were observed. In chronic overproduction, indole promotes anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours, while acute overproduction has a marked sedative effect. From a mechanistic point of view, we confirm that indole can act on the central nervous system through its oxidized derivatives and show for the first time that it can also act by activating the brain nuclei of the vagus nerve
Roy, Vincent. "Contribution à l'étude de conduites émotionnelles chez le rat : utilisation du handling postnatal et de l'approche éthoexpérimentale du comportement." Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUES041.
Full textThe aim of this work was to study emotional behaviours in rats. This was done by comparing control rats with rats that have been stimulated during infancy (i. E. Postnatal handling) according to an ethoexperimental approach. The observation of risk assessment and approach / avoidance behaviours allowed the demonstration that postnatal handling effects are specifically related to a decrease in anxiety-like behaviours, independently from a more general effect on activity level. In addition, we demonstrated that postnatal handling does not modify defensive reactions during a cat confrontation, but have some effects after the confrontation. This result confirms the existence of a predator innate recognition and suggests that the control of defensive reactions is initially under the control of cerebral structures that are not affected by postnatal handling. The discussion of our results is based on the different components of emotional reactivity
Chami, Fouzia. "Activation testiculaire néonatale chez le rat : influence de la température extérieure et effets sur la masculinisation au stade adulte." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112229.
Full textColin, Catherine. "Apports d'une situation de difficulté d'accès à la nourriture dans l'étude des relations sociales chez le rat." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10289.
Full textPadzys, Guy Stéphane. "Incidences à court et à long terme d’une obstruction nasale bilatérale chez le rat Ratus norvegicus." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/PADZYS_Guy_Stephane_2010.pdf.
Full textOn a general level of nasal obstruction is manifested by hypoxia and hyposmia. In mammals,olfactory cues are paramount in the learning of foreign or familiar smells and the choice of sexual partner. The purpose of this experimental work is to study the short and long term bilateral nasal obstruction of 3 days in a mammal altricial. Faced with hyposmia young, the mother increases her care activity. More young people have difficulties in orientation breasts and therefore growth retardation associated with a decrease of milk ingested. These disturbances are associated with decreased plasma levels of thyroid hormones, and increased levels of testosterone, and corticosterone greater for females. In addition to the passage mouth breathing leads to dehydration, atrophy of the lungs and olfactory bulbs, an adaptation of the respiratory muscle fibers orofacial development and articulation of complex nasomaxillaire adapted to an opening of the mouth frequently. Moreover, the results show a long-term influence on exploratory behavior during the search of sexual partners among males. We have shown that bilateral nasal obstruction of three days in a mammal unweaned causes short-and long-term, both behavioral and endocrine morphology
Lenck-Santini, Pierre-Pascal. "Etude des relations entre l'activité des cellules de lieu hippocampiques et les propriétés des comportements spatiaux chez le rat." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11034.
Full textBarbano, Maria Flavia. "Caractérisation des aspects consommatoires, motivationnels et anticipatoires du comportement alimentaire : implication de la dopamine et des opioïdes endogènes." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21216.
Full textFeeding behavior is highly regulated by homeostatic and hedonic systems The motivational, consummatory and anticipatory components of this behavior appear to be differentially regulated by opioids and dopamine. Our study is aimed first to characterize the motivational, anticipatory and consummatory components of feeding taking into account food palatability and homeostatic state of the animals ; and second, to study the implication of the opioid and dopaminergic systems on the control of these different components. Our results reinforce the idea that the opioid system regulates feeding through the modulation of food palatability perception. The dopaminergic system seems to be more implicated in the regulation of the anticipatory activity related to very relevant stimuli. Also, it may allow the evaluation of the cost/benefits to perform a given action
Belin, David. "Développement et caractérisation d'un modèle d'addiction chez le rat : du comportement aux transcriptomes." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21292.
Full textAlthough the voluntary intake of drugs of abuse is a behavior largely preserved throughout phylogeny, it is currently unclear whether pathological drug use ("addiction") can be observed in species other than humans. Here, we report that behaviors that resemble three of the essential diagnostic criteria for addiction appear over time in rats trained to self-administer cocaine. As in humans, this addiction-like behavior is present only in a small proportion of subjects using cocaine and is highly predictive of relapse after withdrawal. This addiction-like behaviour seems to be associated with a compulsive seeking of the drug but neither with a differential intake of the drug nor with a disinhibited behaviour or a different anxiety level. This addiction-like behaviour is predicted by behavioural factors relative to anxiety and novelty seeking and is associated with transcriptionnal regulations mainly in the prefrontal cortex
Guessab, Ali. "Contribution à l'étude des effets psychophysiologiques (spécifiques) des rayonnements non-ionisants : action des microondes sur les mono-amines biogènes dans le tissu cérébral et du comportement sur le rat blanc." Rennes 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986REN20026.
Full textA previous work has put forward and influence of microwaves on gonatrophin function in the adult male rat exposure to electromagnetic waves emitted by a radar, from birth to at least 7 days, induced an increase in plasma and pituitary gonatrophins in the adult male rat. We thought that these effects corresponded to a hypothalamic damage. Insofar as brain neurotransmitters are involved in the regulation of gonatrophin secretion, we proposed to study the effects of postnatal exposition to microwaves on brain hypothalamo pituitary neurotransmitters and comportment of this animal
Peignot, Patricia. "Etude de l'évolution de différents aspects de la mise en place de l'organisation sociale dans des groupes de rats Wistar en réponse à une contrainte de l'environnement : différenciation comportementale, structuration de l'espace." Nancy 1, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1994_0060_PEIGNOT.pdf.
Full textSimon, Philippe. "Etude du rôle des transmissions dopaminergiques dans divers comportements exprimant chez le rongeur les niveaux d'activité et d'anxiété." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES014.
Full textVincent, Annabelle Carole. "Effets de la suppression du stress de la naissance et de l'adoption sur le développement et le comportement de jeunes rats." Rouen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ROUEL458.
Full textAt least in mammals, birth represents an important physical stress for the newborn. The present study was aimed to dtermine the effects of elimination of this "birth stress" on development and behavior of young term rats, observed until the adult stage. The second aim of this study was to determine the short-and-long-term consequences of fostering at birth. Several experiments were organized to test the influence of the mode of delivery (cesarean section or spontaneous vaginal delivery), the cesarean delivery allowing the avoidance by fetuses of suffering stress due to their compression of the genital tract during strong uterine contractions and acute birth hypoxia, and the postnatal development environment (fostering or rearing by the natural mother). The foster dams were spontaneously dillivered two days peviously or at the same time than other biological dams, and their behavior was also studied. The results show that : - corticoid secretion, at birth, was lower in rat pups delivered by cesarean section than in those naturally born, indicating that natural birth is indeed a stressful event. - in-fostering modified dam's activities directly towards the pups, but the mode of pups'birth seemed to have no major effect on maternal behavior - in-fostering per se resulted in mortality of neonates soon following adoption but; which continued at least throughout the first month of life, with a neonatal growth retardation of surviving pups fostered by dams which were delivered two days previously, an enhanced trait anxiety, modifications of social behavior, and impairments of working memory. - cesarean section birth had catastrophic effects on death and weight gain of survivors at least throughout the neonatalperiod, and elicited a long-lasting hyperactivity only in rats fostered by dams which delivered two days previously, disturbances of emotional behavior, behavioral modifications during social interactions and dysfunction in short-or long-term memory. Thus, mild modification of birth conditions or early change of maternal environment is sufficient to influence the development of young and the emotional and cognitive functions of adult
Desor, Didier. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement social du rat." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10087.
Full textGrégoire, Stéphanie. "Développement de nouvelles méthodes d'évaluation de la douleur chez le rat par l'analyse des comportements spontanés et des perturbations émotionnelles et cognitives." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF1MM06.
Full textResearch in the field of pain management, including chronic pain management, needs innovationbecause available treatments are mostly old and often associated with many side effects. It is now wellrecognized that preclinical studies on pain have many limitations: the relevance of the models, the useof imposed painful stimulations, determination of simple thresholds or delays, taking into account thesensory-discriminative component of pain alone… Indeed, some molecules that are efficient inanimals and that are considered as promising, didn’t have the desired effect in humans. Therefore, thebasis of our research aims to propose new methods to assess chronic pain in animals taking intoaccount its multidimensional aspects. Many studies have shown impaired quality of life in patientssuffering from chronic pain. This alteration is characterized by emotional and cognitive disturbances.These components of pain are not always taken into account in animal when studying analgesictreatments, but could bring new preclinical possibilities and perspectives. Our work consisted instudying the impact of pain on spontaneous behaviours (automated formalin test), emotionalcomponent and cognitive capacities in rodents. This work has been completed by the exploration ofthe role of the amygdala in the mechanisms underlying those behavioural modifications.Improvement of the formalin test was conducted in order to better visualize the specific behaviorsobserved during an acute inflammatory pain. Our adaptation has allowed dissociating the analgesicand sedative effect of a molecule in a same animal, using an automated method which is faster and lesssubjective than the manual method.In the meantime, we assessed the impact of chronic pain on the emotional and cognitive performancesin two models of chronic pain (inflammatory and neuropathic). Animals suffering from chronicinflammatory pain have more important impairments than animal suffering from neuropathic pain,impairments that can be improved with a pharmacological treatment. Mechanistic studies using microinjectionsof morphine in the amygdala have emphasized an important involvement of the basolateralcomplex in these emotional and cognitive components of pain.These new behavioural approaches may help better characterize the overall impact of chronic pain inanimals and complete the battery of tests commonly used in preclinical studies. This could lead to amore realistic transposition of the results obtained from animals to humans, and thus lead to betterpredictability for the clinical efficacy of treatments. Finally, the identification of new targets forinnovative therapies involves the study of mechanisms responsible for these behavioral impairments
Gueye, Aliou. "Alimentation durant l'adolescence : facteurs de troubles comportementaux et neurobiologiques à l'âge adulte : modèle animal chez le rat." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21805/document.
Full textAdolescent diet often contains an excessive amount of palatable food with high caloric and sugar contents. Clinical and epidemiological data show that overconsumption of these large foods and sugar beverage consumption may have consequences in adolescence during which the brain is still maturing.Several studies have shown that sugar overconsumption during adolescence have long lasting effect of disease incidence such as obesity, diabetes … However, little is known in the long lasting effect of behavior disorder related to sugar overconsumption early in life. Therefore we set up an animal model to investigate the long lasting effect of sugar overconsumption during adolescence (PND 30 - 46) in neurobiological and behavioral alterations at adulthood. Our results reveal that chronic free access to sugar during adolescence decreases motivation and induce a vertical downshift of dose response curve for natural sweet and no sweet solution at adulthood with no behaviour consequences for pharmacological reward such as cocaine. These behavioral alterations are specific: 1) to the 5% sucrose concentration which is the more rewarding dose in our rats; 2) to a long access to 5% sucrose because only these alterations of behavior are observed after 12h et 24h/day access but not after 2h/day access; 3) to the sweet taste of the solution exposure during adolescence but not to its caloric effect since saccharine (a no caloric and sweet solution) induces these behavioral alterations; 4) to the adolescent period because we show no effect when adult rats have access to a sucrose solution; 5) is not dependent on the rearing conditions during adolescence since singly housed or group housed rats show the same behavioural disorder. We also show that these long lasting behavioral alterations to palatable foods are associated to anxiogenic-like behaviors and a depressive-like state evaluated in the Novelty suppressed feeding test and the forced swimming test respectively. Chronic imipramine treatment from the end of adolescence onwards (PND 47) prevents this behavioral disorder. Immunohistochemical studies show that sucrose exposure during adolescence decreases neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and imipramine treatment restores this deficit. These results suggest the importance of diet during adolescence in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders at adulthood. Given our high sweet environment, all these data suggest that considerable effort must be conducted to control early life initiation of sugar
Martin, Agnoux Aurore. "Étude du comportement alimentaire et du métabolisme énergétique chez le rat dans un modèle de programmation métabolique." Nantes, 2013. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=9ec0e02d-1a14-4861-af38-8aa7c6f1ff07.
Full textAccording to the concept of “metabolic programming”, an adverse perinatal nutritional environment and particularly a modification of the prenatal growth trajectory, could predispose to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes later in life. In this context, the present study has investigated in what extend perinatal nutrition permanently alter feeding behaviour and energy metabolism what could contribute to the onset of metabolic disorders in adulthood. This work was experimentally conducted on a rodent model of metabolic programming induced by maternal protein restriction in the perinatal period with the subsequent exposure of the adult offspring to a Western diet, where both targeted methodological approaches (behavioural, functional and biological) and untargeted metabolomic phenotyping were integrated. Our results show that a slow growth in utero permanently alters feeding rhythms, predisposes to fat accretion and alters mitochondrial function. In the offspring where only postnatal growth was slowed, despite an impaired satiety-control, the body composition is maintained and insulin sensitivity increases. Additionally, maternal protein restriction induces a change in the composition of milk, which could explain the early changes in energy metabolism and long-term reprogramming. These new data encourage further experimental and clinical research in order to improve our understanding in mechanisms involved in the development of metabolic diseases
Dionnet-Jones, Nathalie. "Rôle de l'olive bulbaire inférieure dans l'acquisition du comportement d'équilibration chez le jeune rat." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES054.
Full textArcis, Vincent. "Influence des facteurs environnementaux sur le comportement de fourragement chez le rat : structure physique et disponibilité en nourriture." Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10225.
Full textAccording to the Optimal Foraging Theory an animal is expected to enter into a given activity depending on associated costs and benefits. Numerous studies have suggested that energetic reward is balanced by predation risk in foraging decisions. Therefore, the use of information about indirect cues of predation risk such as physical structure (e. G. Cover) can give individuals a selective advantage. We studied foraging behaviour in the laboratory rat in an experimental maze; it allowed us to vary two environmental parameters: food availability and physical structure. In a first experiment rats were offered a choice between two areas only differing in cover density. In a second experiment the two areas only differed in food density. In a third experiment we crossed both parameters. Results showed that high "cover" patch was preferentially exploited (exp. 1) and that rats foraged more in the high food density patch (exp. 2). The last experiment showed that rats partially trade-off between cover density and food availability. Therefore, we suggest that foraging decisions depend primarily on safety needs, rather than food availability, at least when animals are not severely food-deprived
Audet, Marie-Claude. "Anomalies émotionnelles et motivationnelles consécutives à une exposition sous-chronique répétée à la phencyclidine chez le rat : analogies avec la schizophrénie humaine." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24955/24955.pdf.
Full textHelder, Rémi. "Contribution à l'étude expérimentale du déterminisme de l'organisation sociale dans des groupes de rats." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10015.
Full textAuvray, Nathalie. "Etude comportementale de l'influence du cervelet dans l'acquisition du comportement d'équilibration chez le jeune rat." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES051.
Full textRicard, Laurence. "Validation du modèle du labyrinthe en T chez le rat et application à l'étude des propriétés mnésiques de dérivés cholécystokininergiques." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P167.
Full textPenke, Zsuzsa. "Stress néonatal et régulation à long terme de la prise alimentaire chez le rat : explorations neuroendocriniennes, morphofonctionnelles et comportementales." Nancy 1, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2002_0250_PENKE.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this work was to study immediate and persistent effects of a neonatal stress (maternal deprivation) on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and on the food intake in the rat. Experimental rat pups were placed in an incubator either on the 5th or the 14th postnatal day (DEP5 or DEP14 treatment); control rats were not separated from the mother. Maternal deprivation induced no HPA response on the 5th postnatal day, but it activated the HPA axis on the 14th postnatal day. In adults, a diminution of the corticosterone feedback appeared in DEP5 rats in a stressful situation, whereas a transitory increase of the ACTH response was observed in DEP14 rats. We show for the first time that the perturbation of neonatal maturation modifies persistently feeding behaviour, and this modification depends on the age at which deprivation is experienced. Both DEP groups had a diminished basal food intake and an increased anorexic response to dexnorfenfluramine. DEP5 rats had also a decreased preference for carbohydrates, an increased hedonic response, and a decreased anorexic response to dexfenfluramine. The anorexic response of DEP14 rats to restraint stress was increased. Our results, showing a connection between maternal deprivation and disturbed feeding behaviour as well as anxiety, support the hypothesis according to which early stress increases vulnerability to many psychiatric diseases, such as anorexia nervosa and depression. In the future, maternal deprivation can become a useful model for the research into human eating disorders
Brillaud, Elsa. "Etude de la potentielle neurotoxicité des ondes radiofréquences de type GSM sur le système nerveux central chez le rat." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077079.
Full textThese last years, the mobile phone technology development involved the problem of potentials health effects, and particularly on the central nervous because of the phones position during use (close to the head). Aim of this work was to study the potential neurotoxic effect of the GSM radio frequencies microwaves on the central nervous system of rat using a loop antenna exposure set-up. Effect of an acute and a sub-chronic exposure was tested on the brain structure, the neuronal activity, the glial cells evolution and behaviours. We found an effect of various exposures types on the cerebral activity and the glial evolution in structures closed to the exposed zone and in deeper areas. Effects were dependent of the exposure duration, the specific absorption rate and effects seemed to be transitory. There is no cumulative effect after a repeated exposure, and some adaptive mechanisms could intervened. Propagation of the effect in the brain could pass by biological Systems as neurotransmission pathways. In spite of functional modifications, no structural and behavioural strong effect were observed. These results did not provide arguments to show a neurotoxic effect of GSM radio frequencies on the central nervous System of rat. The extrapolation of data ti human was discussed and did not show any consequence on health for levels of exposure inferiors or equal to the limit
Florin, Sébastien. "Effets comportementaux induits par la nociceptine et NocII chez la souris. Localisation cérébrale des sites de liaison de la nociceptine." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES001.
Full textOdorizzi, Myriam. "Les systèmes neuronaux centraux à galanine : leur rôle dans la neuromodulation des choix alimentaires du rat." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10088.
Full textGalanin (GAL) is an orexigenic neuropeptide, which ability to preferentially stimulate fat intake is discussed. It is cosynthetized in the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) hypothalamic nuclei with another peptide, vasopressin (VP). The mutant Brattleboro rat (DI), is deficient is VP central synthesis and suffers from diabetes insipidus. Its hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system is hyperstimulated. We observed that GAL and GALmRNA were overexpressed in the SON and PVN of DI rats. DI rats ate 45% fat per day. Both phenomena were found to be independent of the activity of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system and of the phenotypic expression of diabetes insipidus. Central injections of GAL antagonists decreased fat intake in DI rats, proving the involvement of hypothalamic GAL in fat preference. By the use of VP antisense oligonucleotide in normal rats and by immunolesion of VP neurons in heterozygous DI rats, we did not find influence of VP on GAL expression and food intake. Because appearing early in postnatal deyelopment, fat preference and GAL overexpression in DI rats seemed genetically determined
Patin, Valentine. "Effets d'un stress prénatal appliqué à des rates gestantes sur leur comportement maternel et sur le développement, l'anxiété et l'apprentissage de leur progéniture." Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUES036.
Full textHenry, Christelle. "Etude du comportement biologique de nouveaux analogues iodés du glucose, proposés comme marqueurs de la captation du glucose." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10029.
Full textDesgranges, Bertrand. "Etude des apprentissages olfactifs alimentaires : importance de l'amygdale basolatérale et du cortex insulaire chez le rat." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR4004/document.
Full textTo better understand the mechanisms involved in food olfactory learning, the neurobiological basis of conditioned odor aversion (COA) and the conditioned odor preference (COP) were investigated. We study the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the insular cortex (IC), which receive olfactory, gustatory and visceral information. Using a pharmacological approach, we show that the BLA is involved in acquisition, consolidation and both recent and remote memory retrieval of COA. By contrast, the IC is not necessary to any of these memory phases. Using a cellular imaging technique (catFISH), we find that COP leads to an increase of odor-taste convergence onto individual neurons in the BLA, but not the IC, by means of the recruitment of a new population. Whether the approach is systemic or cellular and the learning is aversive or appetitive, our study highlights the importance of the BLA in food olfactory learning
Mourlon, Vanessa. "Caractérisation d'un modèle de séparation mère/nouveau-né chez le rat pour l'étude de symptômes dépressifs." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05P601.
Full textEarly life adverse experiences can lead to a vulnerability to the development of psychopathologies in adulthood like addiction, anxiety or depressives disorders. In spite of the fact that prevalence of depression is two-fold more important in females than in males, few animal models based on a postnatal stress include females. The aim of this work is to characterize an original model of maternal deprivation as an animal model of depressive-like symptoms at adulthood in the Long-Evans male and female rats, and taking into account the estrous cycle. In males, maternal deprivation seems insufficient to induce by itself depressive-like symptoms. In females, long-term effects induced by maternal deprivation appear complex and dependant on the hormonal status. These results highlight the importance of considering the hormonal status in drug therapy among depressive women, and thus to better tailor the treatments. Additionally, application of appropriate precipitating factors could allow us to use this model in research of novel therapeutics
Sandner, Guy. "Caracterisation des reseaux neuronaux periventriculaires impliques dans l'induction d'un comportement de fuite chez le rat." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13035.
Full textRuffino, Lise. "Ecologie, dynamique de population, comportement et impact d'un rongeur introduit Rattus rattus sur les îles de Méditerranée." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX30022.
Full textRats Rattus spp. Are considered as a main driver of seabird rarefactions and a leading cause of petrel and shearwater extinction risk. However, the functioning of insular rat populations and the factors likely to affect their impacts on island ecosystems are still poorly understood. Indeed, questionings have been recently raised on the real mechanisms and the magnitude of rat impact on some seabirds with so cryptic nesting behaviours. The general idea of this PhD work lies on the necessity to better understand the ecology, the population dynamics of invasive rodents, the mechanisms of rat impact on seabirds but also of species persistence. As a first research axis, we were interested in the temporal dimension of biological invasions. The analysis of a database of ca. 300 islands and islets from the western Mediterranean basin allowed to underline that the long-term persistence of petrels and shearwaters, despite the longstanding introduction of black rats on these islands, may have been facilitated by various biogeographical contexts. Secondly, the study of the mechanisms of interactions between rats and shearwaters, and more particularly the mechanisms of impact, revealed unexpected limited interactions, along with limited predation capacities on bird eggs. Finally, the study of the trophic ecology of black rats, combined with a long-term survey of the population dynamics and movement paterns on a small Mediterranean island, with a marked spatio-temporal variation in the availability of resources, allowed to underline the low individual diet plasticity of black rats compared to the population level, and the importance of the effects of fresh water inputs and those of allochthonous resources on the functioning of insular rat populations. Future research perspectives should focus on better understanding the processes involved in the impacts of rats on insular biotas, in species extinctions but also in their long-term coexistence
Kozak, Rouba. "Neuropeptide Y et préférences alimentaires chez le rat adulte : influences des conditions nutritionnelles pré et post-natales." Nancy 1, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1999_0105_KOZAK.pdf.
Full textThibaudeau, Geneviève. "Conditionnements appétitifs différé et de trace de la réponse de lapement chez le rat après une lésion excitotoxique de l'hippocampe." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/43591.
Full textSeveral studies that used aversive conditioning indicated that the hippocampus is not essential for the acquisition of the conditioned response in the delay paradigm whereas in the trace paradigm, hippocampal lesions impair the acquisition. Experiments with appetitive delay conditioning corroborate findings from aversive delay conditioning. No study has examined appetitive trace conditioning in hippocampectomized rats. Further investigations on the role ofthe hippocampus in appetitive and aversive conditioning are then needed which is the issue addressed in this master thesis. Two experiments examined appetitive delay and trace conditioning of the licking response in normal rats and in rats with NMDA lesions of the hippocampus or sham-operated rats. Acquisition in lesioned rats did not differ from that ofcontrol rats either on delay or on trace conditioning. These results differ from those in aversivetrace conditioning and suggest that the neural mechanisms underlying appetitive and aversive trace conditioning might be different.
Muller, Christophe. "Régénération et restauration fonctionnelle après atteinte cérébrale chez le rat adulte : une approche préclinique combinant plusieurs stratégies thérapeutiques." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6128.
Full textDamage to the adult mammal brain has been considered to be irreversible for a long time. We know now that regeneration can occur in the CNS, provided a permissive environment is furnished to neural cells to stimulate their inherent growth capacity. This introduces new regrading brain damage therapeutic opportunities. Based on an aspirative lesion of the Rat dorsal septo-hippocampal pathways, the current thesis tried to promote CNS regeneration processes by testing individually or in combination several new treatments. The results highlight the functional and structural beneficial effects of a wide-range treatment consisting of a polyamine, the putrescine, combined with an anti-inflammatory agent, the aminoguanidine, which also reduces the polyamine degradation in to toxic metabolites. In association with a biomaterial implanted as a recovery bridge in the lesion cavity, and reinforced by others treatments targeting the bioavailability of endogenous neurotrophic factors (enriched housing and/or administration of synthetic regenerating agents), this treatment reduced some of the lesion induced behavioral deficits by improving neuronal plasticity. However, these encouraging results have been limited by the too rapid degradation of the biomaterial, preventing the neural fibers from reaching and reconnecting the target structure. Given the complex intricate mechanisms involved in brain regenerative processes, the optimization of complementary and synergistic treatments appears to be essential to overcome the various obstacles opposed to the reconstruction of lesioned neural pathways
Thibaudeau, Geneviève. "Fonctions de l'hippocampe dans le conditionnement de trace appétitif." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27383/27383.pdf.
Full textCalvez, Juliane. "Stress et prise alimentaire - Application à l'étude de l'effet anti-stress d'un extrait de levure chez le rat." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00549011.
Full textDellu-Hagedorn, Françoise. "Vieillissement des capacités cognitives et conatives chez le rat : relations avec l'activité de l'axe corticotrope." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR28319.
Full textMouton, Olivier. "Étude du comportement biologique de bis (N-ethoxy, N-ethyldithiocarbamato) nitruro 99mTc(V), 99mTcN-NOET, un nouveau marqueur de la perfusion myocardique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10296.
Full textCoyne, Anne-Claire. "Caractérisation biochimique et comportementale d'un nouveau peptide, l'informatin-1, en interaction avec le système dopaminergique nigro-strié chez le rat." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05P608.
Full textThe purpose of the work was to evaluate the biochemical and behavioral effects of a new peptide, Informatin-1. Binding experiments on rodent brain sections first showed a very specific distribution of its binding sites, in the caudate-putamen nucleus (CPu) and substantia nigra (SN). Informatin-1 induced an increase in contralateral rotations to the injection site in the CPu and SN. Besides, the hypothesis of an interaction with the dopaminergic system was tested by behavioral experiments using D1 and D2 receptor antagonists. The results indicated an involvement of these receptors in the dopamino-mimetic effect of Informatin-1. The sensorimotor territory of the CPu being more enriched in Informatin-1 binding sites than the limbic/prefrontal(PF) territory, behavioral studies were performed in the both territories. Informatin-1 bilaterally injected induced an increase in locomotor activity and oral behaviour in the sensorimotor and limbic/PF territories respectively. The study was then focused in the sensorimotor territory, showing that Informatin-1 increases dopamine release in vitro and in vivo in this territory. This effect of Informatin-1 on the dopaminergic system was showed to be indirect. Finally, Informatin-1 prevents acetylcholine release in the sensorimotor territory when dopaminergic transmission is blocked. The whole study allowed to obtain important results on the mode of action and behavioral impact of Informatin-1, suggesting its possible therapeutic interest
Joly, Fanny. "Impacts d’une perturbation de la voie TSC2/mTOR dans l’amygdale dès l’adolescence sur le comportement de peur et la fonctionnalité du cortex préfrontal chez le rat adulte Disruption of Amygdala Tsc2 in Adolescence Leads to Changed Prelimbic Cellular Activity and Generalized Fear Responses at Adulthood in Rats." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASL016.
Full textAdolescence is a highly sensitive developmental period characterized by massive structural and functional changes in networks regulating emotional and cognitive behaviors, with maturational processes influenced by environmental and genetical factors. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by an exaggerated fear, overgeneralization, and deficits in fear extinction. Nowadays, genetical and/or environmental predisposal factors for PTSD are not fully understood, but we know that an intense stress or a trauma endured during adolescence promotes the appearance of PTSD at adulthood following a novel trauma exposure.In this thesis, we particularly studied two structures that belong to the fear-network, the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, which follow an asynchronous maturation. While the amygdala is functionally mature at a juvenile age, its activity could impact the late maturation of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). We aimed to study the impact of a disruption of Tsc2/mTOR pathway in the excitatory cells of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) in rats at young adolescence (post-natal day 25, PN25) or at the end of adolescence (PN50). When animals had reached adulthood, we assessed emotional behavior through a Pavlovian fear conditioning protocol, and the basal mPFC activity through the measure of expression of immediate early gene c-FOS. We show that only animals altered during young adolescence presented at the adult age typical symptoms of PTSD (fear extinction deficits, overgeneralization of fear), associated with an increase of mPFC basal activity, especially in cortical layers known to be involved in the maintenance of fear memory and expression. Thus, we suggest that a developmental dysfunction of the amygdala early in adolescence could be a predisposal factor to PTSD appearance at adulthood
Peiffer, Julie. "Étude de la neurotoxicité d’un Polluant Organique Persistant chez le rat : effets à court et à long terme de l’inhalation répétée de fluorène sur le développement sensori-moteur du jeune et le comportement à l’âge adulte." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL103N/document.
Full textActually air pollution is ubiquitous due to the emission of chemical compound from many sources. In this context, Polycyclic Aromaric Hydrocarbons (PAH)related compounds are widely distributed in the air and have shown deleterious health effects.Fluorene was chosen as a representative compound of PAHs pollution. This work consisted in the evaluation of its neurotoxic effects in adult animals, exposed i.p., orally or by exposure nose-only. The inhalation model of exposure was then applied to the study of its effects on sensorimotor development and on behavioral activity of animals exposed in utero or during lactation.The results showed that fluorene is able to induce behavioral changes in adult animals exposed directly or indirectly on the level of anxiety and the locomotor activity, whereas no effect on learning and memory abilities has been observed. However, no defect on the development of motor and sensory functions was demonstrated. Furthermore, the analysis of the presence of the compound and three of its metabolites showed that the pollutant was able to cross the blood brain barrier and can be metabolized in the brain. Moreover, variations have been observed concerning behavioral and physiological responses between studies, showing that effects induced by fluorene are dependent on the way of administration, the level of contamination and the time of exposure.In conclusion, these results demonstrate in animals the behavioral toxicity of fluorene at levels of contamination corresponding to human cases of exposure, confirming so the risk of PAH exposure throughout life
Boulet, Sabrina. "Modifications neurochimiques au sein des ganglions de la base et comportements moteurs associés lors d'une stimulation électrique du noyau subthalamique chez le rat hémiparkinsonien ou de la mise en place de la dénervation dopaminergique chez le singe." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00110256.
Full textDans une première partie, nous avons analysé les effets de la SHF du NST sur le comportement moteur de rats sains et 6-OHDA et nous avons établi une corrélation entre ces effets et les taux de glutamate et de GABA extracellulaire mesurés par microdialyse intracérébrale au sein de la SNr. Ces données comportementales et neurochimiques couplées à des injections pharmacologiques intranigrales suggèrent que les dyskinésies de la patte avant induites par la SHF du NST sont médiées par le glutamate et fournissent de nouveaux arguments quant aux mécanismes de la SHF du NST dans la MP.
Dans une seconde partie nous avons réalisé des microdialyses intracérébrales chez des singes normaux, puis exprimant pleinement les symptômes moteurs induits par le MPTP et enfin après récupération de ces symptômes moteurs dans le but de corréler les déficits et la récupération motrice à des changements de concentration de neurotransmetteurs présents dans deux territoires striataux : le sensori-moteur et le limbique. Notre étude s'est focalisée sur la dopamine et ses métabolites, le glutamate, le GABA et la sérotonine. Nos résultats montrent que les variations de dopamine pourraient jouer un rôle important dans les mécanismes de compensation permettant la récupération de fonctions motrices normales.
Crépeaux, Guillemette. "Exposition périnatale à un mélange d'Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques chez le rat : évaluation des effets neurotoxiques à court et à long terme." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0198/document.
Full textCompounds in the environment to which human is exposed mainly through ingestion of contaminated food. PAHs are known since the 1990s as being neurotoxic both in humans and in animals. PAH transfer between mother and fetus through the placenta, and the presence of these compounds in breast milk have been shown, thus raising the question of risk exposure occurring during early stages of development of the individual. Because this risk was only partially studied, the thesis presented in this manuscript was designed to assess the short-term and long-term toxicity for the developing nervous system, of a mixture of 16 PAHs ingested by the pregnant and / or breastfeeding rat. PAHs were administered via a contaminated food at two doses, 2 and 200 µg/kg /day dose. The lowest one corresponds to the levels of environmental contamination via the mother's diet during gestation and/or lactation. The results show that perinatal exposure to the mixture of PAHs did not induce short-term effects on neuromotor and sensory development on pups. In contrast, a long-term increase in activity and anxiety levels was observed in the exposed animals. In addition, changes in cerebral energy metabolism, as assessed by the enzymatic activity of cytochrome oxidase on brain sections taken at different ages were observed, particularly in the limbic system. Measures of the concentrations of PAHs in the pup brain compartment showed the presence of all the parent compounds, including control animals, suggesting the existence of an environmental noise significant. Finally, several factors modulate PAH toxicity, including the exposure period, and the administration of a mixture instead of a single molecule. In conclusion, this work has highlighted, in rats, delayed neurotoxicity due to early exposure to a mixture of 16 PAHs, which raises the question of risk to humans, and in particular for the individual developing exposure to such compounds
Jaglin, Mathilde. "Axe intestin-cerveau : effets de la production d'indole par le microbiote intestinal sur le système nerveux central." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01057811.
Full textBagri, Abdallah. "Colliculus inferieur, declenchement de reactions de fuite et induction de la susceptibilite a la crise audiogene : etude neuropharmacologique chez le rat." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13036.
Full textChapuis, Julie. "Les circuits neuronaux de l'aversion olfactive conditionnée : approche électrophysiologique chez le rat vigile." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00603782.
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