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1
Odenweller, C. M., C. T. Hsu, E. Sipe, J. P. Layshock, S. Varyani, R. L. Rosian, and S. E. DiCarlo. "Laboratory exercise using "virtual rats" to teach endocrine physiology." Advances in Physiology Education 273, no. 6 (December 1997): S24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advances.1997.273.6.s24.
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Animal experimentation is limited in many curricula due to the expense, lack of adequate animal facilities and equipment, and limited experience of the teachers. There are also ethical concerns dealing with the comfort and safety of the animals. To overcome these obstacles, we developed a "dry laboratory" using "virtual rats." The "virtual rat" eliminates the obstacles inherent in animal experimentation, such as inadequate budgets, as well as avoiding important animal rights issues. Furthermore, no special materials are required for the completion of this exercise. Our goal in developing this dry laboratory was to create an experience that would provide students with an appreciation for the value of laboratory data collection and analysis. Students are exposed to the challenge of animal experimentation, experimental design, data collection, and analysis and interpretation without the issues surrounding the use of live animals.
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Gürlek, Ali. "Rats As Laboratory Animals In Chronic Studies." Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 100, no. 6 (November 1997): 1618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199711000-00052.
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Temoçin, Sadun, Hüseyin Beydağı, Sedat Akar, and S. Sadi Kurdak. "Exercise Methods in Small Laboratory Animals (Rats)." European Journal of Therapeutics 5, no. 2 (June 1, 1994): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.58600/eurjther.1994-5-2-1080-arch.
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Lots of study about exercise were performed in recent years. Small laboratory animals, especially rats are used widely in these studies. Several exercise models about small laboratory animals were explained, and some special methodological examples used in physiological research were presented in this review.
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Kunstýř, I., F. Jelínek, U. Bitzenhofer, and W. Pittermann. "Fungus Paecilomyces: a new agent in laboratory animals." Laboratory Animals 31, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367797780600260.
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The fungus Paecilomyces has not yet been considered a health problem in laboratory animals. However, this agent known as a 'spoiler' of fruit beverages and other foodstuffs is an opportunistic pathogen especially in immunocompromised humans. Since 1985, we have isolated Paecilomyces, most probably P. variotti, from six laboratory animal species, mainly rats. In about 90% of cases the organism was localized in the respiratory tract and there are some other findings favouring the hypothesis of an airborne infection. During this long observation period no consequences for the health of rats in one closed 'infected' SPF breeding unit (A) could be observed. In a controlled histological study on five infected rats, no lesions attributable to this mycotic agent could be detected. However, a self-limiting spontaneous outbreak of papular skin lesions associated with Paecilomyces was observed in a breeding colony (F) of hairless mice. The role of this fungus in an acute outbreak of respiratory signs in another colony of conventional rats (B) was considered to be secondary. Bearing in mind its occasionally harmful role in humans, relatively high resistance to disinfectants and toxigenicity, this new agent should be monitored and considered a potential health risk for laboratory animals.
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Birke, Lynda. "Who—or What—are the Rats (and Mice) in the Laboratory." Society & Animals 11, no. 3 (2003): 207–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853003322773023.
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AbstractThis paper explores the many meanings attached to the designation,"the rodent in the laboratory" (rat or mouse). Generations of selective breeding have created these rodents. They now differ markedly from their wild progenitors, nonhuman animals associated with carrying all kinds of diseases.Through selective breeding, they have moved from the rats of the sewers to become standardized laboratory tools and (metaphorically) saviors of humans in the fight against disease. This paper sketches two intertwined strands of metaphors associated with laboratory rodents.The first focuses on the idea of medical/scientific progress; in this context, the paper looks at laboratory rodents often depicted (in advertising for laboratory products) as epitomizing medical triumph or serving as helpers or saviors. The second strand concerns the ambiguous status of the laboratory rodent who is both an animal (bites) and not an animal (data).The paper argues that, partly because of these ambiguous and multiple meanings, the rodent in the laboratory is doubly "othered"—first in the way that animals so often are made other to ourselves and then other in the relationship of the animal in the laboratory to other animals.
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Dragan, Sergey P., Igor A. Veselovsky, Dmitriy B. Komarov, and Aleksey V. Bogomolov. "METHOD FOR FORMING BEHAVIORAL REACTIONS IN LABORATORY ANIMALS." Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture 15, no. 4 (August 30, 2023): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-6649-2023-15-4-11-28.
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Background. The solution of a number of applied problems requires extrapolation of the medical and biological effects of exposure to extreme physical factors from animals on humans based on the results of experimental studies of the behavioral reactions of animals under the influence of such factors. The specificity of such studies is the need for preliminary formation of the necessary behavioral responses in a large group of laboratory animals, which requires significant time costs.
Purpose. The purpose of the study was to reduce the time of formation of behavioral reactions in laboratory animals during experimental studies.
Materials and methods. The experimental setup consists of five vertically located functionally independent identical three-beam (Y-shaped) radial labyrinths with an electric field, sensors for recording animal movements, generators of sound and light stimuli, and a control unit. The animal can move freely within all three rays. During the experiment, the time of the animal’s transition from the dangerous (starting) arm to the safe (target) arm and the number of erroneous actions performed in this case are automatically recorded. The number and duration of cycles and series of the experiment is set by software, which allows you to adjust the start time of the experiment autonomously, without the participation of the operator. To test the operability of the installation, a series of experiments was carried out to teach rats the reaction of active avoidance in the maze, white outbred mature male rats weighing 160-180 g in the amount of 50 individuals were used.
Results. At the initial stage of training (during two weeks), the rats developed a current avoidance reflex. During the first week of training, the probability of achieving the goal increased from 0.64 to 0.85. In the second week of training, the probability of achieving the goal was 0.85-0.95. In the first week of training, the average time to reach the goal (time to go to the safe sleeve) decreased from 9 to 7 s. In the second week, the time to reach the goal decreased to 5-6 s. On the second week of training, some rats began to perform the task (to avoid the action of the current) before it was turned on, that is, in less than 5 s. The number of erroneous actions in the second week also decreased. For three weeks of continuous training, 30 animals with a stable behavioral skill (probability of correct action 0.45-0.50) were selected, with a time expenditure of 4 hours per day for autonomous (without the participation of the experimenter) training.
Conclusion. The developed technology has demonstrated the possibility of effective training of a large group of animals in a relatively short period of time. A distinctive feature of the developed hardware and software complex is the possibility of implementing screening studies to study key indicators of operator functions with the possibility of autonomous operation of the experimental setup.
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Jacob, Howard J. "Modern genetic mapping approaches in laboratory animals/rats." Journal of Experimental Animal Science 41, no. 1-2 (March 2000): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0939-8600(00)80023-1.
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Chechet, O. M., and V. L. Kovalenko. "Study of the safety and harmlessness of a disinfectant in laboratory animals." Journal for Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology and Biosafety 8, no. 1-2 (May 10, 2022): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36016/jvmbbs-2022-8-1-2-4.
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The work aimed to investigate the effect of the disinfectant ‘Diolaid’ based on sodium chlorite and sodium chloride on acute toxicity indicators, as well as on blood parameters of laboratory animals. The experiments were carried out on 6-month-old clinically healthy male rats (5 groups, 6 animals in each group, n = 30) and female rats (5 groups, 6 animals in each group, n = 30) weighing 200–220 g. The drug was administered to animals intragastrically (by probe) and aerosol treatment of cells with animals was carried out. Separately we studied the skin-irritating and sensitizing action of the disinfectant ‘Diolaid’ on the groups of clinically healthy guinea pigs and rats weighing 250–300 g by a daily application on their back and sides of different concentrations of the drug for 30 days for 30 min periods. In addition, we tested the effect of ‘Diolaid’ on nonspecific immune response indicators of these animal species (bactericidal activity of blood serum, level of circulating immune complexes, T and B cells, etc.). The work used modern humane methods of care and use of laboratory animals. It was found that after intragastric administration of ‘Diolaid’, the average lethal dose (LD50) for male rats was 182 mg/kg of body weight, and for female rats it was 170 mg/kg. It has been proven that the drug has a temporary irritating and sensitizing effect and does not adversely affect the parameters of hematopoiesis and non-specific immune response in the form of a 0.06% solution. The research results indicate the low toxicity of the ‘Diolaid’ drug for laboratory animals and the possibility of its use in low concentrations both for treating cages in the presence of animals and for treating the animals themselves. For disinfection of water during its storage in containers, we used the concentration of the ‘Diolaid’ drug (by chlorine dioxide) of 0.5–2 mg/l (0.0002–0.0008%), depending on the degree of purity of the water to be treated. Such concentrations ensure compliance of the chlorite residual concentrations with hygienic standards
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Bowen, W. H., K. M. Madison, and S. K. Pearson. "Influence of Desalivation in Rats on Incidence of Caries in Intact Cagemates." Journal of Dental Research 67, no. 10 (October 1988): 1316–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345880670101401.
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The evidence that dental caries is an infectious and transmitted disease in rodents is unequivocal. However, the factors controlling the transmission of micro-organisms from one animal to another have not been extensively explored. Results from previous studies in our laboratory showed that desalivated animals became infected by Streptococcus sobrinus in a shorter period of time than did intact animals. Furthermore, an additional study in our laboratory showed that animals with intact salivary function caged with desalivated animals harbored more S. sobrinus immediately following establishment of infection than did intact animals housed with other intact animals. Therefore, it seemed appropriate to determine the influence on caries development of caging a desalivated animal with an intact animal. In this study, intact Sprague-Dawley rats were caged with desalivated animals; additional groups of intact animals were housed with chlorhexidine-treated animals that were either intact or desalivated. Although chlorhexidine suppressed both caries development and the level of infection by S. sobrinus, nevertheless, intact animals caged with desalivated animals invariably developed more caries than did intact animals housed with other intact animals. Treating intact animals with chlorhexidine did not affect caries scores in untreated intact cagemates. Overall, the results suggest that a highly acidogenic flora with enhanced virulence (including S. sobrinus) is selected in the desalivated animals; this flora is apparently readily transmitted to intact cagemates, leading to enhanced levels of smooth-surface caries.
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Smith, William. "Responses of laboratory animals to some injectable anaesthetics." Laboratory Animals 27, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367793781082377.
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Xylazine, ketamine, methohexitone and alphadalone/alphaxalone, were administered intraperitoneally, intramuscularly or intravenously to mice, rats, guineapigs and rabbits. Times for disappearance and reappearance of reflexes were recorded, and duration of loss of reflex. Delivering a predetermined dose gave a varying individual response, ranging from inadequate anaesthesia to death. Using reflexes to assess depth of anaesthesia was of limited value. Reflex movements to noxious stimuli generally persisted even at dose rates that caused prolonged recovery times and death. Conversely, in rats there was no response to a cutaneous stimulus in some animals even though recumbency was almost restored.
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Ujwala Ashokrao Jadhao, Chatraguna Eknathrao Lagad, and Rajesh Kundlikrao Ingole. "Laboratory animal handling techniques, basic facilities and care: A review." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 12, no. 3 (December 30, 2022): 170–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2022.12.3.0239.
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Animals have been utilized in pharmaceutical scientific research and development for more than 300 years. Pharmaceutical items are a must in order to treat illnesses caused by viruses, bacteria, or homeostatic imbalance, among other causes. Pharmaceuticals must be thoroughly characterized via in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trial investigations in order to be used in humans. It is essential to quantify organism's in vivo using animals whose physiology and genetics are most similar to those of humans. Common animals used for laboratory experimental research are Cats, Rats, Dogs, Mice, Guinea pigs and Monkeys. Handling of animals includes transportation, animal housing, temperature of cages, sanitation, water, and food options etc. Proper animal handling techniques affects the outcome of research study, so it very imperative to study and to practice the basics of animal handling techniques. This review is the small efforts to compile the scientific literature and basic information regarding laboratory animal handling techniques, basic facility and care.
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Castelhano-Carlos, Magda J., Vera Baumans, and Nuno Sousa. "PhenoWorld: addressing animal welfare in a new paradigm to house and assess rat behaviour." Laboratory Animals 51, no. 1 (July 10, 2016): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023677216638642.
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The use of animals is essential in biomedical research. The laboratory environment where the animals are housed has a major impact on them throughout their lives and influences the outcome of animal experiments. Therefore, there has been an increased effort in the refinement of laboratory housing conditions which is explicitly reflected in international regulations and recommendations. Since housing conditions affect behaviour and brain function as well as well-being, the validation of an animal model or paradigm to study the brain and central nervous system disorders is not complete without an evaluation of its implication on animal welfare. Here we discuss several aspects of animal welfare, comparing groups of six rats living in the PhenoWorld (PhW), a recently developed and validated paradigm for studying rodent behaviour, with standard-housed animals (in cages of six rats or pair-housed). In this study we present new data on home-cage behaviour showing that PhW animals have a clearer circadian pattern of sleep and social interaction. We conclude that, by promoting good basic health and functioning, together with the performance of natural behaviours, and maintaining animals’ control over some of their environment but still keeping some physical and social challenges, the PhW stimulates positive affective states and higher motivation in rats, which might contribute to an increased welfare for animals living in the PhW.
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Ushakova, Yu V., G. E. Rysmukhambetova, I. V. Ziruk, V. V. Frolov, and K. A. Grandonyan. "Establishing the safeness of gluten-free nourishment for laboratory animals." E3S Web of Conferences 222 (2020): 03013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022203013.
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The experiment was carried out on lab rats which had been given the gluten free nutriment in the conditions of the veterinary clinic of «Saratov State Vavilov Agrarian University». During the research, the morphological and biochemical blood analysis’ results were studied. Laboratory rats’ condition was under daily clinical monitoring as well as their weight. According to the data collected, no external signs of intoxication and death of the rats had been found during the experiment. All rats were active. The concentration of hemoglobin in the experimental group has increased by 14.33g per liter compared to the control group. Therefore, the use of gluten-free nourishment for animals does not have a negative effect on the homeostasis of the organism, which implies the safeness of a gluten-free diet.
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Lima, P. H., Y. Sinzato, R. Gelaleti, I. M. Calderon, M. V. Rudge, and D. Damasceno. "Genotoxicity Evaluation in Severe or Mild Diabetic Pregnancy in Laboratory Animals." Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes 120, no. 05 (March 15, 2012): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1299766.
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AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the genotoxicity (DNA damage levels) in lymphocyte samples from pregnant Wistar rats with severe or mild diabetes and in whole blood samples from their newborns. Wistar female rats (1 and 90 days of age) and male rats (approximately 90 days of age) were used. The experiment consisted of 2 experimental groups (n=8 animals/group): 1) rats with severe diabetes, 2) rats with mild diabetes. For mild diabetes induction, the rats received streptozotocin (STZ) subcutaneously (100 mg/kg body weight) at day of birth, and those showing glycemia from 120 to 300 mg/dL in their adult life were included. For induction of severe diabetes, adult rats received 40 mg/kg STZ (intravenous route), and those showing glycemia > 300 mg/dL were included. At day 21 of pregnancy, the rats were anesthetized and euthanized for removal of maternal and fetal blood samples for determination of the oxidative DNA damage by applying Endo III and Fpg using the comet assay. Thus, the rats with mild diabetes and their offspring showed higher Fpg-sensitive sites, reflecting the damage resulting from hyperglycemia. The rats with severe diabetes and their offspring showed higher oxidative DNA damage detected by Fpg and Endo III-sensitive sites, showing general repercussions related to diabetes. The enzymatic treatment for DNA damage evidenced that the maternal repercussions of diabetes are associated with oxidative DNA damage of their newborn, which was not reflected using only the analysis of DNA damage free of the enzymes.
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Townsend, P. "USE of In-Cage Shelters by Laboratory Rats." Animal Welfare 6, no. 2 (May 1997): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600019564.
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AbstractThe effect of providing a shelter to single-housed rats was measured in terms of the preference shown for a cage containing a shelter compared with a barren cage, the range of behaviours performed and the apparent fearfulness of the animals. All animals showed a strong preference for cages containing a shelter and rats housed in this environment showed increased exploratory behaviour and were apparently less fearful, based on their willingness to leave the home-cage. It would seem appropriate to provide enclosed shelters within the cages of laboratory rats as a way of improving their environment.
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Uysal, Murat, Serdar Savaş Gül, Serhat Karaman, Ufuk Tas, Hilal Irmak Sapmaz, Funda Uysal, Kursad Aytekin, and Mehmet Kemal Tümer. "Caecum location in laboratory rats and mice: an anatomical and radiological study." Laboratory Animals 51, no. 3 (July 4, 2016): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023677216658916.
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Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection is the most frequently used method for implementing parenteral therapies in rats and mice. Whether the caecum is located in the right caudal quadrant or left caudal quadrant in the abdominal cavity is not clear. For that reason, we have developed a method for identifying the location of the caecum in rats and mice and thus revealed the most reliable location for i.p. injection in these animals. Two hundred Wistar albino rats and 100 BALB/c mice were used. The location of the caecum was determined by revealing the intra-abdominal organs immediately following euthanasia, photographing the organs, and archiving the images. Both digital photographic images and computed tomographic (CT) sections were analysed in terms of caecum morphology and location. In both rats and mice, the caecum was most commonly located on the animal’s left side. It was less frequently located on the right side or in the centre. The caecum was typically comma-shaped, but it was round or S-shaped in some animals. The direction of rotation of the caecum from the basis to the apex was mostly counterclockwise. Additionally, the apex showed a tendency to be evenly centred. This study demonstrated that the caecum was mostly located on the animal’s left side; and for that reason, the most suitable location for i.p. injection in these animals was understood to be the right caudal quadrant. Furthermore, when we compared the CT images and autopsy findings, the caecum did not change location in the abdominal cavity postmortem.
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Krasnikova, E. S., R. V. Radionov, A. V. Krasnikov, and A. Yu Svetozarova. "WEIGHTINGS IN EXPERIMENTAL BLV INFECTION IN LABORATORY RATS." Scientific Life 16, no. 2 (2021): 218–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-2-218-228.
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The causative agent of bovine enzootic leukemia (BLV) has a tropism to lymphoid tissue and, due to the presence of these cell elements in various organs, can contribute to changes at the organ level, both due to hyperplasia and malignant proliferation of lymphoid elements, and due to inflammatory, dystrophic and atrophic processes in organs. The pathogen is able to infect heterologous organisms, in particular white laboratory rats of the Wistar line, in connection with which the goal of our studies was a comparative analysis of the vesometric characteristics of the internal organs of BLV-infected and intact rats, including relative to the body weight of animals in the dynamics of the experiment. Rats were divided into three groups. The first group of rats was fed milk of intact cows, the second - milk of BLV-infected cows and the third - milk of clinically treated cows with leukemia. The adult rats and their offspring, showing the presence of proviral DNA in the blood, were subjected to a quarterly study within a year of the start of the experiment. A comparative analysis of rat body weight dynamics showed that at the beginning of the experiment, animals actively gained weight, but by the end of the experiment, their body weight gain sharply decreased compared to the control, both in absolute and relative values, up to negative, and cachexia developed. This was most clearly seen in the offspring of the third group of rats, where positive dynamics were completely absent. The relative liver mass of the experimental rats was initially negative, and in the second half of the experiment - sharp positive dynamics. The dynamics of rat spleen relative weight initially had a negative tendency in rats treated with BLV-infected cow milk, which was replaced by positive by the end of the experiment. In rats of the third group, a persistent downward trend in organ volume was observed. The tendency to change the relative weight of the kidneys indicates an initial decrease in the index against the background of an increase in the body weight of animals, and then an increase in the relative weight of the organ in all experimental groups. The exception was the offspring of animals of the third group: their relative kidney weight increased in the dynamics of the entire experiment. In rats of the third group, the relative weight of the lungs increased sharply, which can be associated with the development of most of them with one- or bilateral pneumonia. The relative heart weight of animals in the experimental groups decreased 2.5-3 times compared to the control, despite the development of cachexia. Thus, experimental BLV infection of rats is accompanied by natural trends and changes in the ratio of body weight of animals and their internal organs, probably due to metabolic disorders and the development of various kinds of pathological processes: inflammatory, dystrophic, atrophic and proliferative.
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Nádeníček, Jaroslav, Eva Voslářová, Veronika Vojtkovská, Katarina Nenadović, and Vladimír Večerek. "Effects of the housing system and environmental enrichment on social dominance in laboratory male rats." Acta Veterinaria Brno 92, no. 4 (2023): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb202392040381.
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In laboratory rats, dominance manifests as agonistic behaviour that damages social bonds between individuals. In this study, the effect of the housing system and environmental enrichment on the social dominance in male Wistar rats was assessed in the social dominance tube test. Rats were housed in different housing systems (individual vs. social housing, with or without enrichment) from weaning and tested at the age of 7 weeks. In each test, two rats from different housing systems were released into opposite ends of a narrow tube and the rat that forced its opponent out of the tube was declared the winner (the more dominant animal). In this way, all possible combinations of housing systems were tested and number of wins were recorded and percentage of the total number of matches was calculated. The results show that environmental enrichment suppresses (P < 0.001) dominant behaviour in individually housed rats while no such effect was seen in socially housed male rats (P = 0.532). However, social housing combined with enrichment was more effective in reduction of dominant behaviour compared to only providing enrichment for individually housed rats. Reduction of variability in the manifestations of dominant behaviour is important in animals used for experimental purposes from the perspective of greater homogeneity of animals, which ensures obtaining valid research results and at the same time better living conditions for laboratory animals.
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Makowska, I. Joanna, and Daniel M. Weary. "Assessing the emotions of laboratory rats." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 148, no. 1-2 (September 2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2013.07.017.
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Banerjee, A. K., A. F. Angulo, A. A. Polak-Vogelzang, and A. M. Kershof. "An alternative method for the decontamination of rats carrying Mycoplasma pulmonis without the use of germfree isolators." Laboratory Animals 21, no. 2 (April 1987): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002367728702100210.
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Two strains of Lewis rat were successfully freed from Mycoplasma pulmonis infection by using a combination of oral treatment with oxytetracycline hydrochloride and obtaining young by hysterectomy. Laminar flow cabinets were used to perform hysterectomies on donor animals and for rearing hysterectomy-derived animals. After thorough microbiological examination the rats were brought to the breeding colony of the Laboratory Animal Centre. Periodic laboratory tests using both cultural and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods showed that the animals have remained free from M. pulmonis for the last 3 years.
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Kashkovskaya, Lyudmila Mikhaylovna, Andrey Vladimirovich Balyshev, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Orobets, and Ivan Aleksandrovich Fedorov. "Toxicological characteristics of anticoccidial preparation Decvycox on laboratory animals." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 3 (March 16, 2020): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2020i3pp51-57.
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The common practice in the prevention and treatment of eimeriosis in chickens is the application of anticoccidial preparations. The parameters of acute toxicity of the anticoccidial preparations Decvycox in laboratory animals were studied. It was found out that the LD50 of Decvycox with oral administration to mice and rats exceeds doses of 6579 and 7222 mg/kg of animal weight, respectively. Thus, according to the generally accepted hygienic classification, Decvycox belongs to hazard class 4 - low-hazard substances.
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Глухарева and E. Glukhareva. "Acute oral and cutaneous toxicities of cyflunit- flock tested on laboratory animals." Russian Journal of Parasitology 3, no. 1 (March 24, 2016): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18371.
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Objective of research: to determine the toxicological properties of the preparation Cyflunit-
Flock under acute experimental conditions at oral and subcutaneous administration routes to
laboratory animals.
Materials and methods: White outbred mice and white outbred rats of both genders were
used for testing. Each dose of the preparation was tested on groups of males and females to
identify the eventual sex differences in drug-responsiveness.In experiment on mice, animals were
divided into 5 groups of 10 animals each.The medicine was given orally at the doses of 4350,
8700, 13050, 17400 and 21750 mg a.i./kg. In experiment on rats, 4 experimental male and 4
female groups were formed (6 animals in each). The drug was given orally at the doses of 17400
and 21750, 26100 and 30450 mg a.i./kg. While studying the acute cutaneous toxicity, Cyflunit-
Flock was applied at the doses 870, 1740, 4350 and 8700 mg a.i./kgin 4 experimental groups
of male and 4 groups of female rats of 6 animals each. Observations of general health status,
behavior of animals, intoxication symptoms and eventual death of animals were conducted within
14 days.
Results and discussion: LD50 of Cyflunit-Flockat oral administration to mice of both genders
was 12180 mg/kg,at oral administration tomale rats - 22475 mg/kg, to female rats - 23925mg/kg.
At cutaneous use of the preparation in rats, LD50 was more than 8700 mg/kg.
Accordingtothestandardhygienicclassification, the preparation belongs to the 4thhazard class
(low-hazard substances).
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Kotsyumbas, I. Ja, O. M. Brezvyn, Y. A. Ivashkiv, H. V. Rudyk, and Ju V. Muzika. "STUDY OF THE CUMULATIVE PROPERTIES OF «INDEZ» ON LABORATORY WHITE RATES." Scientific and Technical Bulletin оf State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medical Products and Fodder Additives аnd Institute of Animal Biology 21, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.36359/scivp.2020-21-1.11.
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The article presents the results of the study of «Indez» disinfectant. An effective disinfectant for use in animal husbandry should be easy to use, be non-toxic, have broad bactericidal spectrum, be non-carcinogenic, have non-addictive micro-flora and provide a permanent bactericidal effect in the presence of animals, while sanitizing the air environment. «Indez» disinfectant is a small, amorphous grey powder with a specific odour, well sprayed. It is composed of triiodomethane (iodoform), zinc oxide, iron sulphate (II) (iron sulphate), copper sulphate, silicon dioxide, zeolite, active essential oils, a complex of surfactants and pH regulators, auxiliaries. This preparation can be used in the presence of animals; the disinfectant effect is based on the spectrum of antimicrobial action of its constituents.
In the experiment of the study of the cumulative properties of «Indez» 80 white rats weighing 180-200 ± 10 g, tested doses of 1/5, 1/10, 1/20, from DL50 were used. To the animals of the experimental group, the suspension of the preparation was administered orally: in the first 4 days - 1/5 of DL50, then 1/10 and 1/20. Animals of the control group were administered saline at a dose of 0.5 ml. Observations on rats were carried out for 22 days. Depending on the dose of the drug, the cumulation coefficient.
As a result of the study of the cumulative properties of the drug it is established that the introduction of a total dose of «Indez» 56,8 cm3 per 1 kg body weight does not cause death of white rats. When conducting a total dose of 63,4 cm3 / kg body weight one animal died, representing 5 %. Further administration of the drug lethality was on the 18-th day (total dose 83,13 cm3 / kg) – 15 %, on the 19-th day (total dose 93,0 cm3 / kg) – 20 % and the 20-th day (total dose 102,87 cm3 / kg) – 45 %. With an increase of 9,873 1,5 times (1,8095 cm3 / kg) on the 21-st day, the mortality rate was 80 %, and on the 22-nd day of the studies 90 % of laboratory animals were killed, the total dose was 1032,49 cm3 / kg.
Under the study of the cumulative properties of «Indez» disinfectant, it was found that the cumulation coefficient in rats is 2,2 units. This, in turn, indicates that the test agent has moderately pronounced properties for cumulation. In this case, white rats inhibit the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow and reduce the body’s defences, as evidenced by a probable decrease in leukocyte count and a slight decrease in haemoglobin, lymphocyte count, spleen mass factor, and increased segmentation.
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Sergalieva, Mariyam U., Alexsandra A. Tsibizova, Elvira I. Abdulkadyrova, Ludmila A. Andreeva, Marina A. Samotrueva, and Nikolay F. Myasoedov. "The influence of glyprolins on the behavior of laboratory animals under experimental hyperthyroidism." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 23, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma66467.
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This study aimed to determine the peculiarities of behavioral reactions and psychoemotional status of laboratory animals in experimental hyperthyroidism conditions against the background of introducing peptides of glyproline series (selank and tripeptide Pro-Gly-Pro). All experiments were conducted on white non-linear male rats, which were divided into groups consisting of 10 individuals. The first group consisted of control rats that received intraperitoneal water for injection in equi-volume. The second group consisted of individuals with experimental hyperthyroidism modeled by intragastric administration of L-thyroxine Berlin-Chemi Germany) at 150 mcg/kg/day for 21 days. The third and fourth groups were animals with a hyperthyroidism model and received intraperitoneal Selank and Pro-Gly-Pro at 200 mcg/kg/day for 21 days after the hyperthyroidism model development. The behavioral activity determination of laboratory animals was conducted using the Open Field method, which is widely used in the analysis of approximate research activity, locomotive stereotyping, and the emotional reactivity level of rodents. The level of animal anxiety was assessed using the Raised cross-shaped maze method. The study revealed that experimental hyperthyroidism due to the introduction of L-thyroxine is accompanied by an increased level of the anxiety-depressive state in the behavior of male rats. The study on the effects of selank and its structural analog Pro-Gly-Pro on the psychoemotional status of male rats using Open Field and Raised cruciform labyrinth methods revealed that the recovery of the approximate research motor activity of laboratory animals is noted, which indicates the psychomodulatory activity of glyproline neuropeptides, in experimental hyperthyroidism conditions.
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Milligan, S. R., G. D. Sales, and V. J. Pocock. "A wax diet for administration of octylphenol to laboratory rodents as a tool for the investigation of oestrogenic activity." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2001 (2001): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200004488.
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The use of controlled dietary intake for administration of environmental oestrogens to laboratory animals is essential in assessing the real threat of natural exposure to these compounds. Although human and animal exposure to environmental chemicals is mostly through diet or water, administration of these chemicals to laboratory animals is usually via injection. In this study, in order to overcome the problem of unpalatability of high doses of chemicals, a wax and a powdered diet were designed. These diets were used as vehicles for administration of the environmental oestrogen octylphenol (OP) to non-pregnant, pregnant and lactating laboratory rats and the dose of dietary octylphenol required to induce oestrogenic effects in the reproductive tract of female animals was determined.
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Silva, Teane M. A., Erica A. Costa, Tatiane A. Paixão, Renée M. Tsolis, and Renato L. Santos. "Laboratory Animal Models for Brucellosis Research." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/518323.
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Brucellosis is a chronic infectious disease caused byBrucellaspp., a Gram-negative facultative intracellular pathogen that affects humans and animals, leading to significant impact on public health and animal industry. Human brucellosis is considered the most prevalent bacterial zoonosis in the world and is characterized by fever, weight loss, depression, hepato/splenomegaly, osteoarticular, and genital infections. Relevant aspects ofBrucellapathogenesis have been intensively investigated in culture cells and animal models. The mouse is the animal model more commonly used to study chronic infection caused byBrucella. This model is most frequently used to investigate specific pathogenic factors ofBrucellaspp., to characterize the host immune response, and to evaluate therapeutics and vaccines. Other animal species have been used as models for brucellosis including rats, guinea pigs, and monkeys. This paper discusses the murine and other laboratory animal models for human and animal brucellosis.
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Wuri, Rahmitiana, Aziis Mardanarian Rosdianto, and Hanna Goenawan. "UTILIZATION OF RATS AS BLUNT TRAUMA ANIMALS MODEL: A LITERATURE REVIEW." Indonesia Medicus Veterinus 10, no. 2 (March 31, 2021): 338–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.19087/imv.2021.10.2.338.
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The occurrence of contusion in humans and animals becomes an interesting study material, many researchers search and do a treatment formulation for contusion. The various effects of applying a new substance/drug to humans can be determined by studying cumulative effect of doses at the preclinical stage. The information was obtained from conducting laboratory experiments in vivo using experimental animals as a model designed in preclinical tests, such as using rats (Rattus norvegicus). So far, the development of using rat as an animal model of contusion is still very potential for further study. This literature review discusses about the use of animals as contusion models, rat trends as contusion animal models, ethical principles and animal welfare animal models, explanation and classification of contusion, contusion methods, and aspects of future animal development models as research subjects.
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Meanger, J. D., and R. B. Marshall. "Campylobacter jejuni infection within a laboratory animal production unit." Laboratory Animals 23, no. 2 (April 1, 1989): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367789780863637.
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A conventional laboratory animal production unit in which rats, mice, guineapigs and rabbits were bred in one building and cats maintained in a separate, but adjacent area was examined for the presence of intestinal thermophilic Campylobacter spp. Campylobacter jejuni was recovered from 18·84% of 552 animals. The infection rate was highest amongst the cats (51·7%), with rats being the second most commonly infected (23·2%), whereas only 7·7% of guineapigs and a single rabbit (1%) were positive. Campylobacter-like organisms were cultured from 10% of the mice, but these bacteria failed to grow on subsequent subculturing. By using bacterial restriction endonuclease DNA analysis (BRENDA), a single type of C. jejuni was identified from all isolates recovered from the rats, guineapigs and a rabbit, suggesting a common source of infection. In contrast, there were 5 different BRENDA patterns derived from cat isolates. No isolates of C. jejuni were obtained from humans working within the unit or from animal bedding or the immediate environment, although it was suggested that the organism may have entered and spread within the unit from sawdust.
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Lazarenko, V. A., I. S. Ivanov, A. A. Ushanov, E. S. Mishina, E. G. Obedkov, and V. S. Kostin. "Hernia or hernia Defect? Experimental herniology Models in Laboratory Animals." Innovative Medicine of Kuban, no. 3 (August 18, 2023): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35401/2541-9897-2023-26-3-114-120.
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Hernias of the anterior abdominal wall remain one of the most common surgery pathologies. There is no unified approach to modeling anterior abdominal wall hernias in the world scientific community. In order to systematize the available knowledge in this field and to contribute to the formation of a unified idea of how to create a hernia model in a laboratory animal, it seems logical to study the accumulated experience of researchers in the field of experimental herniology. We found out that hernia defects generally modeled on male laboratory rats. To understand the tissue reaction to the prosthetic material a fenestration was performed in the anterior abdominal wall (including peritoneum) except for the skin and subcutaneous fat. A replacement or prosthetic material tailored to the fenestration was sutured end-to-end into the abdominal wall. We chose laboratory rats because they are easy to take care of and cheaper than larger laboratory animals.
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Gerunov, T. V. "IMMUNOTROPIC EFFECTS OF IVERMECTIN IN PRODUCTIVE AND LABORATORY ANIMALS." Toxicological Review, no. 1 (February 24, 2020): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2020-1-49-53.
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The aim of this work was to identify the immunotropic effects of ivermectin in productive and laboratory animals in real and simulated conditions. The studies were carried out on hybrid pigs at the age of 144 days reared in an industrial pig complex and on Wistar rats aged 5 months with a body weight of 230 - 250 g. For the experiments there was used acaricide insecticide Ivermin (Biovet Drwalew S.A., Poland), which was administered to pigs once subcutaneously in a dose of 0,2 mg / kg and to rats in a tenfold therapeutic dose. Blood samples were taken from pigs either before the administration of Ivermin, and 1, 3, 7, 14 and 30 days after the administration. The level of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) was determined in serum by the method of radial immunodiffusion according to Mancini. To prepare histopreparations, samples of thymus, spleen and lymph nodes were taken from rats 14 days after the administration of the preparation. For statistical processing of experimental data, Student’s T-test for dependent samples has been used.When studying pigs’ blood serum, a decrease in the content of IgG was established in all periods of the study. A decrease in level of IgM and IgA was marked in 7 days after the experiment started. At the end of the experiment, the IgG level remained below the background value by 16,4%; IgM - by 15,2%; IgA – by 33%. In the rat thymus, a narrowing of the cortical substance was observed when a toxic dose of Ivermin was injected, with the splenic follicles reduced, and reproduction centers faintly pronounced. Hemosiderin accumulation was detected around the follicles. In the mesenteric lymph nodes, there was found a thickening of the capsule and the expansion of trabeculae. Cortical substance was narrow and paracortical zone was wide. The results of the study indicate a high risk of immunotoxic effect of ivermectin.
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Kaminska, M. V. "THE COMPLEX METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF INTESTINAL MICROFLORA COMPOSITION OF LABORATORY ANIMALS." Agriciltural microbiology 22 (December 29, 2015): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.22.60-65.
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The method of determination of qualitative and quantitative composition of intestinal microflora of laboratory animals, namely albino rats, was described. The method allows to simultaneously identify different groups of microorganisms in one sample of intestinal composition and to get a full picture of microbocoenosis within 4 days that allows to consider animal’s health, dysbiotic infringement in intestinal microflora composition and its correction with probiotic preparations.
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Khlebalina, A. S., S. Vl Engashev, and A. M. Lunegov. "Study of blood analysis of laboratory animals with subchronic oral toxicity of the drug Amoxiyantar." Legal regulation in veterinary medicine, no. 2 (July 21, 2023): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2782-6252.2023.2.88.
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The article presents the results of studies of subchronic oral toxicity in laboratory animals of the new veterinary drug Amoxiantar. The studies were carried out as part of a laboratory-experimental (preclinical) study of a medicinal product with the aim of introducing it into clinical veterinary practice. Our goal was to study the effect of Amoxiantar on the hematological and biochemical parameters of the blood of laboratory animals. Three experimental groups were formed, of which two experimental and one control, consisting of white outbred rats, 10 animals each. The drug was administered to animals daily intragastrically for 15 days, rats of the first experimental group at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight, rats of the second group 15 mg/kg body weight, the control group was injected with distilled water. Blood was taken on the first and tenth days after the completion of the administration of the Amoxiantar preparation, on the 16th and 25th day of the experiment, respectively. Statistical processing of the results of the general clinical analysis of the blood of animals on the tenth day after the completion of the drug (25 days of the experiment) revealed monocytosis in the blood of the first and second experimental groups and leukocytosis in the first experimental group compared with the control group, however, these values were normal rat blood parameters. The revealed statistically significant differences, on the 25th day of the experiment, between the second experimental group and the control group in terms of AST, alkaline phosphatase and creatinine were clinically insignificant. During the 25th day of the subchronic experiment, the new veterinary drug Amoxiantar did not adversely affect the hematological and biochemical blood parameters of laboratory animals at doses of 15 and 150 mg/kg of animal body weight.
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Zawirska-Wojtasiak, Renata, Agnieszka Fedoruk-Wyszomirska, Paulina Piechowska, Sylwia Mildner-Szkudlarz, Joanna Bajerska, Elżbieta Wojtowicz, Krzysztof Przygoński, Dorota Gurda, Wiktoria Kubicka, and Eliza Wyszko. "β-Carbolines in Experiments on Laboratory Animals." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 15 (July 24, 2020): 5245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155245.
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Some studies have ascribed a protective effect against neurodegenerative diseases to the β-carbolines harman (H) and norharman (NH), which occur mostly in coffee and coffee substitutes. We determined the concentrations of β-carbolines and undesirable compounds (such as acrylamide) in roasted coffee substitute ingredients and found that chicory coffee was optimal. Two in vivo experiments were conducted with seventeen-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats fed a diet with the addition of pure carboline standards in the first stage, and chicory in the second. We observed an increase in the level of H and NH in blood plasma, as well as higher activity of animals in the battery behavioral test, particularly in the second stage. The results of in vitro studies—particularly the level of the expression in brain tissue of genes associated with aging processes and neurodegenerative diseases—clearly show the benefits of a diet rich in β-carbolines.
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GOURTSAS (K.I. ΓΚΟΥΡΤΣΑΣ), K. I. "Common non infectious skin conditions of laboratory mice and rats." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 50, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15693.
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Laboratory mice and rats are the most favourite animals of the researchers all over the world. Sometimes these rodents can show a number of non infectious conditions concerning their hair, skin or legs and tail. These can be alopecia, bite wounds or the shedding of their legs or tail. It is important that ordinarily there is not a pathological cause for these conditions. It is believed that the social behaviour and the enviromental conditions of the animals may play a role. Fortunately, these cases are easily encountered and so, healthy animals are ensured for every reliable research.
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Polukhina, D. N., O. A. Panova, O. P. Kurnosova, N. B. Emelyanova, N. Yu Sysoeva, A. V. Khrustalev, and L. I. Kachurina. "Experience of eradicating parasites of laboratory rats in conventional vivarium." Russian Journal of Parasitology 17, no. 1 (April 2, 2023): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-1-151-162.
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The purpose of the research is to test different dehelminthization schemes of laboratory rats infected with cestodes Rodentolepis nana and nematodes Syphacia muris and evaluate the significance of combined environment disinfection measures. The practical experience of eradication (helminth eradication) in animals in a conventional vivarium was described.Materials and methods. Experiments were conducted to study the efficacy of anthelmintics and administration schemes against cestode and nematode infections in laboratory rats. In the first experiment, praziquantel was used at a dose of 10 mg/kg to treat rats infected with R. nana. In the second experiment, the comparative efficacy of fenbendazole, albendazole, and pyrantel was evaluated against syphaciosis at the recommended dosages of 20, 10, and 12.5 mg/kg, respectively. Each drug was given orally, individually, twice with an interval of 7 days. The third experiment tested different schemes for treating syphaciosis with fenbendazole. One group of rats was given the drug orally individually using an esophageal tube at a dose of 20 mg/kg once a day for 7 consecutive days. Other groups were given fenbendazole daily with food for 7 days (150 mg fenbendazole per 1 kg of food). In all three experiments, all animals were divided into groups, and their cells underwent a complex of additional disinfection measures, and those kept in cages without disinfection.Results and discussion. Praziquantel showed 100% efficacy at a single dose of 10 mg/kg in R. nana therapy. In animals without additional disinfection procedures, cestode eggs were again recorded starting from day 14 after the drug administration. In the group of animals with disinfection measures, pathogens were not detected during the experiment. Double administration of fenbendazole, albendazole and pyrantel in the recommended dosages against syphaciosis did not result in eradicated nematodes in the animals. The disinfection did not affect the obtained results. Fenbendazole administered daily for 7 days ensured helminth eradication in animals. However, on day 7 after the therapy, Syphacia sp. eggs were again found in the groups that received the drug individually intragastrically through a tube, regardless of whether their cells were disinfected. The animals that received fenbendazole with food and were regularly disinfested remained free from nematodes throughout the experiment until the additional disinfection measures were cancelled. In the absence of disinfection, released helminth eggs were recorded on day 14 after therapy.
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Harashchuk, M. I., L. M. Stepchenko, T. L. Spitsina, and V. R. Goryaniy. "Metabolism state in laboratory rats when using amaranth oil and Humilid." Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine 9, no. 1 (2021): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32819/2021.91005.
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The search for new natural non-toxic biologically active substances for animals used to correct and stimulate metabolic processes, and through it the ability to control the growth and animals’ productivity, the state of their natural resistance is the main task of the present. The paper presents study results on the effect of cold-pressed amaranth oil and biologically active additive of humic nature «Humilid» when used simultaneously on the general body condition, growth indicators of laboratory rats, morphofunctional and biochemical parameters of their blood. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: – to investigate how cold-pressed amaranth oil affects the metabolic processes in the body of laboratory rats; – to conduct research and analyze the effect of the cold-pressed amaranth oil and a humic nature biologically active substance «Humilid» simultaneous use on the indicators of their homeostasis. To accomplish the tasks, the following research methods were used: physiological, morpho-functional, and blood biochemical analysis in experimental laboratory rats. Sexually mature male white rats of 2 months age were used in the experiment. For the study, three groups of animals were formed. The experiment lasted four weeks, during which the animals of the first experimental group received daily, in addition to the main feed settled amaranth oil in the amount of 0.1 ml per rat, and free access to the drinking water. Rats of the second experimental group in addition to the main feed received settled amaranth oil in the amount of 0.1 ml, and free access to the drinking of 0.005% solution Humilid. It was found that the simultaneous use of cold-pressed amaranth oil and Humilid in laboratory rats had a positive effect on the state of erythron, erythrocytes count increased by an average of 28% (P < 0.001), hemoglobin concentration by 10% (P < 0.05). At the same time in animals the biosynthetic function of the liver improved, the total protein content in the blood significantly increased by 10% (P < 0.05), and the amount of albumin by 25% (P < 0.01). Energy processes in the body of experimental animals were increased, that pointed a decrease in blood glucose levels by 22% (P < 0.05). The obtained data obtained indicates that the simultaneous use of amaranth oil and Humilid had a positive effect on the state of homeostasis and metabolic processes in the body of laboratory rats. Thus for them synergistic action is noted.
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Stryjek, Rafał. "Devices for handling small mammals in laboratory conditions." Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 68, no. 3 (September 30, 2008): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55782/ane-2008-1707.
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Wild rodents, and especially rats, are significantly more difficult to handle, maintain and breed than laboratory rats and mice. They can be characterized as more skittish, neophobic and aggressive. While establishing a breeding colony of wild Norwegian rats (Rattus norvegicus) I developed some helpful devices and I will describe them here. In this paper I also describe the techniques for transporting animals between their home cages, separating them inside cages, and catching individuals that escape. These devices do not require any home cage modification. They may be modified for size. With size modification these devices may be used for handling animals in any type of laboratory cages. They may be used with all species of small mammals, for example, mice, gerbils, hamster, and opossums. They prove especially helpful when physical contact with humans is a problem (e.g. SPF conditions of breeding, and behavioral procedures that do not allow handling).
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Bondarchuk, A. O., A. P. Paliy, A. P. Palii, and A. P. Aksonov. "Determination of acute toxicity of the ‘Bondarmin’ disinfectant when administered intraperitoneally to laboratory animals." Journal for Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology and Biosafety 6, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36016/jvmbbs-2020-6-4-5.
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The article presents the results of the study of the acute toxic effect of the innovative disinfectant ‘Bondarmin’ (active substance — potassium peroxomonosulfate) on laboratory animals (mice, rats) are presented. Many scientific works of scientists in recent years have been devoted to the study of the toxicity of various disinfectants both in our country and abroad. However, today there are many topical issues regarding the toxicity and safety of some antimicrobials. Our work aimed to study the toxic effect on the laboratory animals and to establish the acute toxicity (LD50) of the developed disinfectant ‘Bondarmin’ when administered intraperitoneally. Experiments were carried out in the Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of the National University of Pharmacy (Kharkiv) and in the Educational and Scientific Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Research Methods named after P. I. Verbitskiy in the Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy. Acute toxicity assessment (LD50) was carried out with intraperitoneal administration of the designed disinfectant to laboratory animals (mice, rats). The toxic effect of the newly developed disinfectant ‘Bondarmin’ for the intraperitoneal method of administration to laboratory animals (mice, rats) has been determined. For the intraperitoneal administration of the ‘Bondarmin’ disinfectant, the LD50 by Prozorovskiy method is 316.85 ± 19.26 mg/kg for mice, and 279.33 ± 19.80 mg/kg for rats. The disinfectant belongs to the IV toxicity class (low toxic substances). The results of toxicological studies allow us to recommend the use of ‘Bondarmin’ for disinfecting livestock facilities
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Burman, OHP, and M. Mendl. "Long-term social memory in the laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus)." Animal Welfare 15, no. 4 (November 2006): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600030712.
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AbstractA key question in the management of group-housed captive animals is how long can an individual be removed from a social group and still be reintroduced with minimal social upheaval. In order to answer this question we require a knowledge of how long cage-mates, following a specified period of group-housing, can remember one another after separation. This issue was investigated in laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus). Rats were group-housed for 18 days before being housed individually. One hour, 48 hr, and 96 hr after separation, they were exposed simultaneously to odour cues originating from unfamiliar rats and from former cage-mates. The rats spent significantly more time investigating the unfamiliar odour 1 hr and 48 hr, but not 96 hr, after separation, suggesting that, after 18 days of group-housing, juvenile rats remember former cage-mates for between 48 and 96 hr. The implications of this result for animal welfare are discussed.
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Malkov, S. V., A. S. Krasnoperov, O. Yu Oparina, A. I. Belousov, and I. Yu Vershinina. "Toxicological studies of additives feed endoforce multi on laboratory animals." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 2 (July 26, 2023): 220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2023-67-2-220-228.
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The creation of new drugs and feed additives is an urgent task that contributes to the growth of the efficiency of the livestock and poultry industries of agriculture, especially during the period of import substitution in the Russian Federation. An experimental study of possible changes in the body of laboratory animals after single or multiple uses of new feed additives is necessary for the toxicological assessment of newly created products. Single intragastric administration of feed additive Endoforce Multi containing live vegetative cells and spores of cultures: Bacillus subtilis B-5449, Bacillus subtilis B-1323, Bacillus subtilis B-3679 - 5.0 109 CFU / ml, at a dose many times higher than recommended, did not lead to the death of laboratory animals, which confirmed the absence of its acute toxicity. Over the entire observation period, the authors did not note any disturbances in the rats’ behavioural reactions and physiological states. Determination of chronic toxicity was carried out for 30 days. The studied suspension of the feed additive was given with water to rats of the experimental groups at doses: 1st - 100 mg, 2nd - 150 mg and 3rd - 200 mg per head. At the end of the empirical study, an increase in the number of erythrocytes by 2.68–3.72 1012/l, haemoglobin - by 41.50–61.58 g/l in laboratory animals of the experimental groups compared with the control ones was revealed, which indicated an increase in blood oxygenation and the organism as a whole. In addition, in the rats of the experimental groups, a decrease in the content of urea in the blood to 3.14 ± 0.53 - 4.68 ± 0.41 mmol / l and creatinine to 32.26 ± 5.18 - 48.13 ± 6.23 µmol/l. The opposite trend was observed when determining the serum activity of alkaline phosphatase, which increased by 39.0–52.6% in intact individuals, which indicated dynamic processes of growth, formation and development of the skeleton. According to the results of the autopsy of the rats of the studied groups, regardless of the dose of the introduction of the feed additive Endoforce Multi, no pathological changes in the colour, consistency and size of the internal organs were registered.
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De Almeida, Kelly Costa, Priscilla Rodrigues Câmara, Cláudia Martins Foly, Andréa Regina de Souza Baptista, Vinicius D'´Avila Bitencourt Pascoal, and Aislan Cristina Rheder Fagundes Pascoal. "Standardization of reference values of hepatic and renal biochemical markers in rats (Rattus novergicus) Wistar lineage." Concilium 23, no. 4 (March 30, 2023): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/clm-993-23c23.
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The biochemical parameters of laboratory animals may vary between different lineages and strains of a given species, being influenced by the microenvironment and macroenvironment of the vivarium for breeding and maintenance, as well as particularities of the method and commercial kit used in the analysis. This study aimed to determine the reference values for the hepatic and renal parameters of Unib-line Wistar rats. Forty healthy male Wistar rats were studied, weighing an average of 200 to 300g, from the Laboratory Animal Center of Federal Fluminense University. Quantitative biochemical analysis of the liver profile (AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, GT gamma, total proteins, albumin, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin) and renal markers (urea and creatinine) was performed. The research data established liver and kidney analyte values that were compared with those described in the literature. From the standardization of reference values, it will be possible to optimize the time of experiments with Wistar rats as well as to reduce the number of animals used in the research.
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Scháňková, Š., I. Langrová, I. Jankovská, J. Vadlejch, Z. Čadková, and D. Křivská. "Screening of Model Animals for Experimental Infection with Equine Cyathostomes." Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica 49, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sab-2018-0003.
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Abstract Various laboratory animals – mice (Mus musculus) of six strains, rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), rats (Rattus norvegicus), and Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were experimentally infected with larvae of small strongyles (Cyathostominae), obtained from horse faeces and cultured to the infective larval stage L3. The attempt to transfer cyathostome larvae was aimed at developing a model for the investigation of different aspects of the life cycle and biology of these nematodes in the laboratory. Some animals were immunized (hydrocortisone) for the duration of the study. The laboratory animals were orally infected with 2–10 thousand sheathed or ex-sheathed L3 larvae of mixed cyathostome species. All attempts to inoculate any animal failed; there was no larval development in the experimental rodents and it can be stated that none of the investigated animals may serve as a suitable model host for horse nematodes of the subfamily Cyathostominae.
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Varava, M. "Effects of leonardite and lignite on blood parameters in rats exposed to lead acetate." Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences 6, no. 2 (August 16, 2023): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/ujvas6-2.03.
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The study aimed to research in vivo changes in the hematological and biochemical parameters of laboratory rats' blood when they were continuously exposed to a moderate dose of lead acetate while receiving humic feed additives made of leonardite and lignite. Two-month-old white rats were used to assess the detoxifying properties of the humic compounds leonardite and lignite. The analog pair approach was used to create four groups of eight animals from 32 male laboratory rats for the study. Rats received a pre-meal injection of lead acetate at a dose of 7 mg/100 g of animal weight (1/110 LD50) using a veterinary feeding needle. By creating solutions from lignite and leonardite at a dosage of 18 and 25 mg/kg depending on the active ingredient, humic feed additives were supplied to animals. It has been demonstrated that lignite- and leonardite-based feed additives may affect the morphological parameters of lead acetate-treated rats' blood, including hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte, and platelet count. These parameters were very near to the levels of the intact rats, which suggests that these humic feed additives may have an anti-anemic impact. The effects of feed additives from leonardite and lignite on laboratory rats in groups that were also exposed to a toxic agent for all 21 days of the experiment led to the normalization of markers of the state of protein metabolism in the group of intact animals (serum protein, albumins, urea, creatinine), particularly activity of the enzyme’s aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. As one of the most crucial indicators of lipid metabolism together with cholesterol, the concentration of triglycerides was slightly lower in the humic substances treated groups than in the intact animals. It was discovered that using a feed supplement made from leonardite in a dosage of 18 mg/kg, which contained more fulvic acids than lignite, led to more favorable blood test results in the research group.
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Refinetti, Roberto, and GJ Kenagy. "Diurnally active rodents for laboratory research." Laboratory Animals 52, no. 6 (May 4, 2018): 577–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023677218771720.
Full textAbstract:
Although inbred domesticated strains of rats and mice serve as traditional mammalian animal models in biomedical research, the nocturnal habits of these rodents make them inappropriate for research that requires a model with human-like diurnal activity rhythms. We conducted a literature review and recorded locomotor activity data from four rodent species that are generally considered to be diurnally active, the Mongolian gerbil ( Meriones unguiculatus), the degu ( Octodon degus), the African (Nile) grass rat ( Arvicanthis niloticus), and the antelope ground squirrel ( Ammospermophilus leucurus). Our data collected under 12-hour light/dark cycles confirmed and expanded the existing literature in showing that the activity rhythms of antelope ground squirrels and African grass rats are stronger and more concentrated in the light phase of the light/dark cycle than the activity rhythms of Mongolian gerbils and degus, making the former two species preferable and more reliable as models of consistent diurnal activity in the laboratory. Among the two more strongly diurnal species, antelope ground squirrels are more exclusively diurnal and have more robust activity rhythms than African grass rats. Although animals of these two species are not currently available from commercial suppliers, African grass rats are indigenous to a wide area across the north of Africa and thus available to researchers in the eastern hemisphere, whereas antelope ground squirrels can be found throughout much of western North America’s desert country and, therefore, are more easily accessible to North American researchers.
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Huber, L. "Amelioration of Laboratory Conditions for Pigeons (Columba Livia)." Animal Welfare 3, no. 4 (November 1994): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600017085.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractLearning tests in animal psychology are highly standardized with regard to both the formulation of scientific questions and the methods employed to obtain reliable answers. The Skinnerian technique of conditioning rats or pigeons in small test chambers has established itself as the main laboratory method in this field. Despite the undeniable advantages of highly controlled and manipulated test conditions, a number of problems with respect to the welfare of the test animals arise from the standard application of this method. These problems are specified here along with the presentation of new techniques that have been developed at the University of Vienna. The methodological improvements are related to the housing, testing and weighing of the pigeons and ameliorate the conditions these animals previously confronted within the laboratory.
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Klaasen, H. L. B. M., J. P. Koopman, M. E. Van Den Brink, M. H. Bakker, F. G. J. Poelma, and A. C. Beynen. "Intestinal, segmented, filamentous bacteria in a wide range of vertebrate species." Laboratory Animals 27, no. 2 (April 1, 1993): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367793780810441.
Full textAbstract:
Segmented, filamentous bacteria (SFBs) form a group of bacteria with similar morphology and are identified on the basis of their morphology only. The relationships of these organisms are unclear as the application of formal taxonomic criteria is impossible currently due to the lack of an in vitro technique to culture SFBs. The intestine of laboratory animals such as mice, rats, chickens, dogs, cats and pigs is known to harbour SFBs. To see whether this extends to other animal species, intestines from 18 vertebrate species, including man, were examined. SFBs were detected with light microscopy in the cat, dog, rhesus monkey, crab-eating macaque, domestic fowl, South African claw-footed toad, carp, man, laboratory mouse and rat, wood mouse, jackdaw and magpie. These results suggest that non-pathogenic SFBs are ubiquitous in the animal kingdom. Among apparently identical animals, there was considerable variation in the degree of SFB colonization. It is suggested that SFB colonization could serve as a criterion of standardization of laboratory animals.
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Varava, M. "Effects of leonardite and succimer treatment on enzyme activity in rats exposed to lead acetate." Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences 7, no. 1 (March 19, 2024): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/ujvas7-1.05.
Full textAbstract:
The study aimed to research in vivo changes in the enzyme activity of the blood and liver of laboratory rats under continuous exposition to a moderate dose of lead acetate while receiving succimer together with humic feed additive madden out of leonardite. Two-month-old white rats were used to assess the detoxifying properties of the humic compounds leonardite and lignite. To conduct the study, a total of 32 male laboratory rats were divided into four groups, each consisting of eight animals, using the analog pair approach. Rats received a pre-meal injection of lead acetate at a dose of 7 mg/100 g of animal weight (1/110 LD50) using a veterinary feeding needle. Humic feed additives were supplied to animals by creating solutions from leonardite at a dosage of 18 mg/kg depending on the active ingredient. Succimer was prescribed in an amount of 30 mg/kg, previously dissolved in apple juice using a feeding tube 3 hours after eating one time in a day. Upon analyzing the collected data, it can be deduced that the treatment involving succimer and the humic-based feed additive leonardite alongside lead acetate poisoning yielded improved protein metabolism and activity of enzymes in poisoned rats. Notably, in all statistically significant instances (P < 0.05) of improvement in indicators among animals in that research group, the numerical values closely approximated those of intact animals. The key distinction between treating animals with succimer alone and the combination of succimer and leonardite primarily manifested in alterations in the activity of liver enzymes involved in the antioxidant system such as: catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase.
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Cinque, Carlo, Manuela Zinni, Anna Rita Zuena, Chiara Giuli, Sebastiano G. Alemà, Assia Catalani, Paola Casolini, and Roberto Cozzolino. "Faecal corticosterone metabolite assessment in socially housed male and female Wistar rats." Endocrine Connections 7, no. 2 (February 2018): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-17-0338.
Full textAbstract:
Knowledge of animals’ hormonal status is important for conservation studies in wild or semi-free-ranging conditions as well as for behavioural and clinical experiments conducted in laboratory research, mostly performed on rats and mice. Faecal sampling is a useful non-invasive method to obtain steroid hormone assessments. Nevertheless, in laboratory studies, unlike other contexts, faecal sampling is less utilised. One of the issues raised is the necessity to collect samples belonging to different animals, separately. Usually, researchers using faecal sampling solve this problem through the isolation of animals or taking the cage rather than single animal as unit of study. These solutions though, could lead to unreliable measurements, and cannot be applied in many studies. Our aim was to show the biological reliability of individual faecal corticosterone metabolite (FCM) assessments in socially housed male and female Wistar rats. We analytically validated the enzyme immunoassay kit used for FCM assessments. Then, we exposed the animals to two different stress stimuli that are known to activate the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis and the following release of corticosterone to biologically validate the EIA kit: environmental enrichment and predator odour. Individual faecal sampling from social animals was collected through short-time handling. The results demonstrated that both the stimuli increased FCM levels in male and female rats showing the reliability of EIA kit assessment and the applicability of our sampling method. We also found a diurnal rhythm in FCM levels. These results could help to increase the use of faecal hormone metabolite determinations in studies conducted on rats.
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Aprilia putri efendy, Deyke K. Baderan, and Arif Hidayat Arbie. "EFFECTS OF LOCAL ANASTESI USING LIDOCAIN OINTMENT ON WHITE RATS (RATTUS NORVEGICUS)." Journal of Health, Technology and Science (JHTS) 3, no. 1 (March 21, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47918/jhts.v3i1.262.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of drug administration, namely lidocaine ointment on male and female white rats (Rattus Norvegicus) as well as to see the comparison of water samples given to experimental animals and lidocaine ointment given to experimental animals and see the effects that occur when lidocaine ointment is given to the experimental animals. experimental animal.
The method used is a laboratory experimental method using 20 experimental male and female white rats which were divided into 2 groups, namely the male and female rats. cold, hot sensation of pain sensation and touch sensation in the observation period.
The results showed that lidocaine ointment smeared on the left arm on white rats had a smaller number of sensation responses than any given stimulus. This shows that lidocaine ointment has the effectiveness of local anesthesia while water does not have a local anesthetic effect because the nerves in the arm are still able to respond well to the stimuli given.
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Zenkov, K. F. "Assessment of the harmlessness of a medicinal enterosorbent based on amorphous silicon dioxide." Legal regulation in veterinary medicine, no. 2 (July 18, 2024): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2782-6252.2024.2.81.
Full textAbstract:
Veterinary enterosorbents play an important role in veterinary practice. The aim of the study was to assess the toxicity of a sorbent based on amorphous silicon dioxide (enterosorbent ADC) obtained from rice husks, which are waste products of the rice processing industry and enterosorbent Zooverad obtained from vermiculite, on the body of laboratory rats. Nonlinear rats from the nursery of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences "Rappolovo" were used for the experiment. The live weight of animals is 40-80 g. 3 groups of animals with 20 rats each were formed. Group No. 1 received the basic diet and enterosorbent based on amorphous silicon dioxide (ADC), group No. 2 – the basic diet and Animal feed, group No. 3 – the control, only the basic diet. The results were evaluated by the live weight of the animals, their behavior, clinical condition, according to the results of hematological studies, pathoanatomical autopsy and massometry of the internal organs of rats.