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Journal articles on the topic 'Rats – Anatomy'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 21 February 2023

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1

Xiang, Xian-Hong, He-Ping Li, Wei Chen, Jia-Ping Li, Yu Wang, Guo-Sheng Tan, Lei Yu, and Jian-Yong Yang. "Anatomy research of coeliac trunk of Wistar rats." World Chinese Journal of Digestology 16, no. 26 (2008): 2988. http://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v16.i26.2988.

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2

Sato, Karina Laurenti, Jussara Márcia do Carmo, and Valéria Paula Sassoli Fazan. "Ultrastructural anatomy of the renal nerves in rats." Brain Research 1119, no. 1 (November 2006): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2006.08.044.

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3

Olivares, Ricardo, Carlos Morgan, Hernán Pérez, Alejandro Hernández, Francisco Aboitiz, Rubén Soto-Moyano, Julio Gil, et al. "Anatomy of corpus callosum in prenatally malnourished rats." Biological Research 45, no. 1 (2012): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0716-97602012000100012.

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4

Niyomchan, Apichaya, Sirinush Sricharoenvej, Passara Lanlua, and Sani Baimai. "Cerebellar Synaptopathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats." International Journal of Morphology 37, no. 1 (2019): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022019000100028.

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5

Ortug, G., S. Ignak, and A. Ortug. "Characteristics of lingual papillae in diabetic rats." Morphologie 102, no. 339 (December 2018): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.morpho.2018.08.003.

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6

Moravec, Steven J., and John F. Cleall. "An assessment of posture in bipedal rats." American Journal of Anatomy 180, no. 4 (December 1987): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001800406.

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7

Orlinskaya, N. Yu, and A. B. Elkanova. "Pathological anatomy of thyrotoxic liver." Medical alphabet, no. 17 (September 23, 2020): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2020-17-36-38.

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The work was performed on experimental material. An experimental model of thyrotoxicosis in laboratory animals, white male rats, was obtained by daily administration оf l-thyroxine at a dose of 1.6 mg per 1 kg of body weight. The duration of the experiment was 45 days. 67 mature rats weighing 250–300 g were selected for the experiment. Rats were removed from the experiment after 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 45 days. As a control, we used 22 rats that were not injected with L-thyroxine. The level of thyroid hormones in the blood of rats was determined by enzyme immunoassay. A macroscopic study was performed and the size and mass of the rat liver were determined. For histological examination, pieces of liver tissue were taken, and they were fixed in 10 % buffered formalin for 10 days. Histological preparations were prepared by the standard method, using histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical studies. The results of the study showed that in experimental thyrotoxicosis, the level of thyroid hormones increases: T3 (triiodothyronine) equals 21.37 ± 0.03 mmol/l, 4.75 ± 0.02 mmol/l in the control; T4 (thyroxine) equals 2.55 ± 0.03 mmol/l, 1.80 ± 0.03 mmol/l in the control. Macroscopic examination revealed a 2-fold increase in the size and weight of the liver. Histological examination revealed widespread interstitial edema of the liver stroma, dystrophic and destructive changes, necrosis of hepatocytes, formation of cavities, thinning and atrophy of the liver beams, lymphocytic infiltration. The immunohistochemical study shows a decrease in Ki-67 expression level to 1.8 % compared to the control (5.0 %), which indicates a decrease in reparative processes in the liver.

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8

Shi, Ji-Hua, Sheng-Xing Zhu, and Shui-Jun Zhang. "Applied anatomy of liver and partial hepatectomy in rats." World Chinese Journal of Digestology 16, no. 22 (2008): 2516. http://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v16.i22.2516.

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9

Pasierbek, Michal. "Functional Anatomy of the Mediastinal Lymph Nodes in Rats." Lymphatic Research and Biology 12, no. 3 (September 2014): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/lrb.2013.0044.

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10

Santos, Ana Paula, Carla Adelino Suaid, Valéria Paula Sassoli Fazan, and Amilton Antunes Barreira. "Microscopic anatomy of brachial plexus branches in Wistar rats." Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology 290, no. 5 (2007): 477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.20519.

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11

Aharinejad, S., P. Franz, and M. Fakhari. "Experimental Reflux Esophagitis in Rats." Cells Tissues Organs 137, no. 2 (1990): 180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000146881.

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12

De Russi, Brenno Marco, and Camila Albuquerque Melo Carvalho. "Anatomic and Embryological Aspects of the Cardiovascular System of Albino Wistar Rats." Journal of Morphological Sciences 36, no. 04 (September 19, 2019): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697008.

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AbstractThe Wistar albino rat is the animal most commonly used in scientific research around the world. Knowledge of the anatomy of the body of these animals is key in the research field, especially in cases when the research requires experimental surgery. Descriptive literature on the morphology of the cardiovascular system of these animals, particularly the heart, is old and difficult to access. Publications in journals are not readily available, and books approach the subject in a superficial way. The aim of this study is to research, organize, and translate the literature on the anatomy and embryology of the cardiovascular system of the albino Wistar rat to facilitate the use of this information in future research that requires the knowledge of the anatomy of these animals, for example, experimental surgery research.

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13

Spósito, Danilo Rodrigues, and Arnaldo Rodrigues Santos Jr. "Histochemical Study of Early Embryo Implantation in Rats." International Journal of Morphology 29, no. 1 (March 2011): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022011000100032.

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14

Arslan, Eda, Baver Samanci, Bölükbasi Seyla Samanci, Hüseyin Özevren, and E. Deveci. "Effects of Xylene on Respiratory Mucosa in Rats." International Journal of Morphology 34, no. 3 (September 2016): 934–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022016000300019.

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15

Blebea, Cristina Maria, Maximilian George Dindelegan, Laszlo Peter Ujvary, Sergiu Susman, Alma Aurelia Maniu, and Marcel Cosgarea. "Relevant Anatomical Details in Rats Regarding Otologic Research." International Journal of Morphology 40, no. 5 (2022): 1261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022022000501261.

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16

Al-Hashem, Fahaid, Suliman AlHumayed, Mohamed Abd Ellatif, Shaimaa Nasr Amin, Samaa Samir Kamar, Bahjat Al-Ani, and Mohamed A. Haidara. "Metformin Protects Against Thioacetamide Induced Liver injury in Rats." International Journal of Morphology 36, no. 3 (September 2018): 984–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022018000300984.

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17

Baimai, Sani, Sirorat Janta, Passara Lanlua, Amornrat Chookliang, Apichaya Niyomchan, and Sirinush Sricharoenvej. "Altered Oligodendrocytes in Spinal Enlargements of Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats." International Journal of Morphology 38, no. 6 (December 2020): 1606–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022020000601606.

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18

Herasymiuk, I. "CLINICAL ANATOMY OF RAT'S SALIVARY GLANDS." Clinical anatomy and operative surgery 19, no. 4 (November 26, 2020): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/1727-0847.19.4.2020.49.

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In an experiment found that the parotid salivary gland in rats, unlike people, located on ventrolateral surface of the neck behind the ear and reach the outer part of the clavicle. Straits form three main trunks which penetrate the mouth. Mandibular salivary glands (submandibular salivary glands counterparts in humans) are located on the ventral surface of the neck, on the way from the hyoid bone to the handle of the sternum, touching each other by their medial edges. Stereometric parameters obtained branching blood vessels can form the basis for comparison and setting the dynamics of pathological changes in modeling various pathological processes. The similarity in the structural organization of organs and tissues of humans and animals determines the use of the latter for experimental modeling of pathological processes manifested in the clinic. At the same time, for a detailed understanding of the dynamics of modeled pathological conditions and an adequate interpretation of the results obtained, one should take into account the species characteristics and those differences that are characteristic of animals of different species, as well as refer to the initial values of the quantitative characteristics of their tissues, organs and systems. The spatial organization of the bloodstream was studied by contrast X-ray angiography. For this, the arterial bed was injected with an aqueous suspension of red lead. In order to eliminate the superimposed shadows of the contralateral vessels, a sagittal cut of the head was performed before X-ray angiography with the removal of the brain along with the branching of the internal carotid artery. Radiography was performed without the use of an intensifying screen in lateral projection using a Koch & Sterzel apparatus. Rats normally have four pairs of large salivary glands: parotid, mandibular, large and small sublingual. The largest are the parotid and mandibular. The features of the structure, size and location of the salivary glands in rats are determined both by the features of the structure of the skull and the horizontal position of the body, and by the features of the functional purpose of the glands themselves. The largest of the salivary glands is the parotid. The ducts are formed from three main trunks and, bypassing the masticatory muscle along the surface, penetrate into the oral cavity. To the front edge of the gland, the lacrimal gland is quite tightly attached, the duct of which passes to the outer corner of the orbit.

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19

Hidayat, Rachmat, and Patricia Wulandari. "Anatomy and Physiology of Animal Model Rats in Biomedical Research." Biomedical Journal of Indonesia 7, no. 2 (March 12, 2021): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32539/bji.v7i2.287.

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A distinguishing feature of rodents, including rats, is the absence of canines and thepresence of prominent incisors. Rats are monophydontic, meaning they grow one setof teeth in their lifetime. The enamel of the rodent incisor contains iron, which givesit its yellow-orange color. Rats are mammals and as such, possess many similaritieswith other mammals. Only the peculiarities of the rat’s anatomy are addressed. Malerats reach puberty at 40 - 60 days of age. Descent of the testes usually occursbetween days 30 - 60. Sperm counts vary by strain. The male rat has an os penis.Male rats have the following accessory sexual organs: ampulla, seminal vesicles,prostate, bulbourethral glands, coagulating glands, and preputial glands. Thecoagulating gland and prostatic and vesicular secretions are responsible for thecopulation plug, a firm plug deposited in the vagina of the female after copulation.(This plug, when found outside the female rat, is capsuleshaped and approximately5 mm long.) The male rat has no nipples. The adult male rat has a prominentscrotum and a longer anogenital distance than the female rat.

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20

Mikami, Takeshi, Hime Suzuki, Ryo Ukai, Katsuya Komatsu, Yusuke Kimura, Yukinori Akiyama, Masahiko Wanibuchi, and Nobuhiro Mikuni. "Surgical Anatomy of Rats for the Training of Microvascular Anastomosis." World Neurosurgery 120 (December 2018): e1310-e1318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2018.09.071.

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21

Aharinejad, S., P. Franz, H. Sinzinger, and W. Firbas. "Esophageal Prostaglandins in Guinea Pigs and Rats." Cells Tissues Organs 139, no. 1 (1990): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000146980.

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22

Alves, Marcelo Sardeto, Aristeu Vieira da Silva, Larissa Renata de Oliveira Bianchi, Eduardo José de Almeida Araújo, and Débora de Mello Gonçales Sant'Ana. "Toxoplasma gondii Induces Death of Gastric Myenteric Neurons in Rats." International Journal of Morphology 29, no. 1 (March 2011): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022011000100048.

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23

Tirapelli, D. P. C., C. G. Carlotti Jr, J. P. Leite, F. S. N. Lizarte, L. F. Tirapelli, and B. O. Colli. "Analysis of the NMDA in Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats." International Journal of Morphology 30, no. 3 (September 2012): 979–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022012000300035.

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24

Torrejais, M. M., J. C. Soares, S. M. M. Matheus, L. A. D. Francia-Farje, J. M. Mello, and E. J. D. Vicente. "Morphologic Alterations Resulting from Denervation of the Diaphragm in Rats." International Journal of Morphology 30, no. 3 (September 2012): 1150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022012000300061.

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25

Chehreie, Shima, Arezou Rabzia, and Mohammad Farhadi-mesterkhani. "Maternal Water Deprivation Affects the Spermatogenesis of the Offspring Rats." International Journal of Morphology 31, no. 1 (March 2013): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022013000100026.

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26

Eid, Refaat A., Mohamed Samir Ahmed Zaki, Mansour A. Alghamdi, Abulqasim Mohammed Sideeg, Kamal, Z. M. Ali, Mohamed Andarawi, and Mohamed A. Haidara. "Vitamin C Administration Attenuated Artemether Induced Hepatic Injury in Rats." International Journal of Morphology 38, no. 1 (February 2020): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022020000100048.

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27

El-Bidawy, Mahmoud H., Nermeen Bastawy, Mohamed Mansour-Khalifa, Hanan Abdulla, Rania Elsayed, Laila Rashed, Marwa Niazy, Sameer Al-Ghamdi, and Mohamed A. Haidara. "High-Fat Diet Augments Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Resorption in Rats." International Journal of Morphology 38, no. 1 (February 2020): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022020000100129.

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28

Conde, E., I. Martin-Lacave, R. Gonzalez-Campora, and H. Galera-Davidson. "Histometry of normal thyroid glands in neonatal and adult rats." American Journal of Anatomy 191, no. 4 (August 1991): 384–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001910405.

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29

Pomerri, F., G. Gasparini, A. Martin, W. Fries, E. Pagiaro, and S. Merigliano. "Microradiographic Anatomy of the Explanted Rat Colon." Acta Radiologica 36, no. 2 (March 1995): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519503600221.

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The colon of 32 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats was studied microradiographically. The colonic arterial distribution of 18 rats was examined after injecting barium sulfate into the isolated aorta. The mucosal surface in 9 rats was studied using double-contrast technique after colon explantation. In 5 animals arterial and mucosal studies were carried out simultaneously. The radiographic thickness of the colonic wall was measured using a comparative microscope. The specimens were observed, photographed and examined histologically. Unlike the cecum and distal colon which, when insufflated, do not have mucosal folds, the proximal colon exhibits folds in an oblique direction corresponding to that of the arteries, and the colonic wall in this region is thicker. Comparison between arterial and mucosal microradiographic anatomy and wall thickness enables the proposition of a simple nontopographic division of the rat colon into cecum, proximal colon and distal colon.

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30

REDWOOD, ALEC JAMES, STEPHEN MOORE, LIDA SAYADELMI, and MARC TENNANT. "Autogenous artery grafts in hypertensive (SHR) rats do not have increased smooth muscle cell hyperplasia in the graft neointima, compared with grafts in normotensive rats." Journal of Anatomy 195, no. 3 (October 1999): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002187829900535x.

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Vein-to-artery graft surgery is used widely to by-pass arterial stenoses, but such grafts can fail over a prolonged period as a result of excessive neointimal hyperplasia causing thrombosis and graft occlusion. It has been suggested that neointimal hyperplasia, in vein grafts, is a result of the vessel wall adapting to the higher intraluminal pressure of the arterial circulation, compared with the venous circulation. Autologous artery grafts have been used to bypass arterial stenoses. Initially it was assumed that donor artery segments would not develop neointimal hyperplasia as they are already adapted to the arterial circulation but this is not so. In this study we postulated that surgical or postsurgical trauma was the cause of neointimal hyperplasia in autologous artery-to-artery grafts. In addition, as artery grafts are pre-adapted to the arterial circulation, autologous artery-to-artery grafts in hypertensive rats should develop similar levels of neointimal hyperplasia as seen in normotensive rats. Artery-to-artery grafts were placed in a series of 20 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In a separate series of sham grafting experiments the effects of anoxia and clamp trauma were assessed in SHR and WKy normotensive control rats. Finally, clamping, anoxia and anastomosis trauma were assessed in a similar series of rats. In the artery-to-artery graft series there was no difference in neointimal thickness between the SHR and that previously reported for normotensive rats. Minimal neointimal hyperplasia was demonstrated in the sham grafted series of rats and only slightly more in the single anastomosis series. It was only in the full grafting procedure that considerable neointimal hyperplasia developed. These data demonstrate that neointimal hyperplasia in artery-to-artery grafts is not exacerbated by the hypertension. In addition, trauma appears to be the initiator of neointimal hyperplasia and the extent of trauma correlates with the degree of neointimal hyperplasia.

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31

Tasdemir, Rabia, and Tuncay Colak. "Evaluation of Subchronic Formaldehyde Exposure in Rats with Open Field Test." International Journal of Morphology 39, no. 6 (December 2021): 1758–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022021000601758.

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32

Eid, Refaat A., Mohamed Samir Ahmed Zaki, Mubarak Al-Shraim, Muhammad Alaa Eldeen, Ehab El-Sayed Massoud, Ayed A. Shati, Samaa S. Kamar, and Mohamed A. Haidara. "Silymarin's Defensive Role Against Hepatotoxicity induced By Amiodarone In Albino Rats." International Journal of Morphology 39, no. 2 (April 2021): 407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022021000200407.

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33

Jahanshahi, M., E. G. Nickmahzar, S. Seif-hoseini, F. Babakordi, and A. Moharreri. "Scopolamine Reduces the Density of M1 Muscarinic Neurons in Rats' Hippocampus." International Journal of Morphology 31, no. 4 (December 2013): 1227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022013000400014.

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34

Massenz, Kátia Janine Veiga, Talita Gianello Gnoato Zotz, Hilana Rickli Fiuza Martins, Talita Mirele Campos, Nayara Bertoncini, Luiz Guilherme A. Capriglione, Lúcia Noronha, Marina Luise Viola De Azevedo, and Anna Raquel Silveira Gomes. "Effects of Chronic Stretching on Soleus Muscle of Wistar Female Rats." International Journal of Morphology 38, no. 4 (August 2020): 1039–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022020000401039.

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35

Baimai, Sani, Phrae Bhanichkul, Passara Lanlua, Apichaya Niyomchan, and Sirinush Sricharoenvej. "Modifications of Adrenal Gland Ultrastructure in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Model Rats." International Journal of Morphology 39, no. 1 (February 2021): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022021000100109.

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36

Saito, Hiroaki, Yukio Yokoi, Sumio Watanabe, Junko Tajima, Heroyuki Kuroda, and Toshihiko Namihisa. "Reticular meshwork of the spleen in rats studied by electron microscopy." American Journal of Anatomy 181, no. 3 (March 1988): 235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001810303.

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37

Campion, Dennis R., Robert H. McCusker, and Richard L. Richardson. "Ultrastructure of Muscle Satellite Cells in Hypersomatotropic Rats." Cells Tissues Organs 128, no. 1 (1987): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000146317.

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38

Reuss, Stefan. "Pineal ‘Synaptic’ Ribbons in Sympathectomized Rats." Cells Tissues Organs 136, no. 4 (1989): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000146843.

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39

Yoshikawa, Toshiyuki, Satoru Naruse, Motoji Kitagawa, Hiroshi Ishiguro, Masato Nagahama, Etsuko Yasuda, Reiji Semba, Minoru Tanaka, Kohji Nomura, and Tetsuo Hayakawa. "Cellular Localization of Group IIA Phospholipase A2in Rats." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 49, no. 6 (June 2001): 777–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540104900611.

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40

Pannarale, L., P. Onori, E. Gaudio, and M. Ripani. "Microcirculation of the Extra-Ocular Muscles of Rats." Cells Tissues Organs 141, no. 3 (1991): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000147125.

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41

Mota, O. M., and S. R. Serkiz S. R. "THE COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF THE THYROID GLAND IN HUMANS AND RATS." Bulletin of Problems Biology and Medicine 2, no. 2 (2019): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.29254/2077-4214-2019-2-2-151-210-213.

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42

Sänger, Constanze, Andrea Schenk, Lars Ole Schwen, Lei Wang, Felix Gremse, Sara Zafarnia, Fabian Kiessling, et al. "Intrahepatic Vascular Anatomy in Rats and Mice—Variations and Surgical Implications." PLOS ONE 10, no. 11 (November 30, 2015): e0141798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141798.

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43

SALAFIA, C. "Intrauterine anatomy in pregnant rats treated with nitric oxide synthase inhibitors." Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation 3, no. 2 (March 1996): 302A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1071-5576(96)82934-0.

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44

Brandoni, Anabel, and Adriana Mònica Torres. "Characterization of the Mechanisms Involved in the Increased Renal Elimination of Bromosulfophthalein During Cholestasis: Involvement of Oatp1." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 57, no. 5 (January 19, 2009): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/jhc.2009.952986.

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The kidneys and liver are the major routes for organic anion elimination. We have recently shown that acute obstructive jaundice is associated with increased systemic and renal elimination of two organic anions, p-aminohippurate and furosemide, principally excreted through urine. This study examined probable adaptive mechanisms involved in renal elimination of bromosulfophthalein (BSP), a prototypical organic anion principally excreted in bile, in rats with acute obstructive jaundice. Male Wistar rats underwent bile duct ligation (BDL rats). Pair-fed sham-operated rats served as controls. BSP renal clearance was performed by conventional techniques. Renal organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1 (Oatp1) expression was evaluated by immunoblotting and IHC. Excreted, filtered, and secreted loads of BSP were all higher in BDL rats compared with Sham rats. The higher BSP filtered load resulted from the increase in plasma BSP concentration in BDL rats, because glomerular filtration rate showed no difference with the Sham group. The increase in the secreted load might be explained by the higher expression of Oatp1 observed in apical membranes from kidneys of BDL animals. This likely adaptation to hepatic injury, specifically in biliary components elimination, might explain, at least in part, the huge increase in BSP renal excretion observed in this experimental model. (J Histochem Cytochem 57:449–456, 2009)

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45

Adeyemi, David O., Paul O. Awoniran, Ogheneyoma M. Orumana, and Kehinde A. Jolayemi. "Histomorphological and histomorphometric changes in the testes of male Wistar rats following prepubertal exposure to caffeine." European Journal of Anatomy 27 (January 2023): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.52083/krmn9443.

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This experiment was designed to study the effects of caffeine on the histomorphology of the testes of prepubertal male Wistar rats. Prepubertal Wistar rats (25-28 days old), weighing between 50-60 g were randomly divided into three treatment groups (B, C and D) and control (A) of ten rats each. Group A rats received distilled water while Groups B, C, and D rats were respectively given daily dose of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg of caffeine dissolved in distilled water for 14 days by gavage. Five rats from each group were sacrificed 24 hours after the last caffeine administration while the remaining rats were monitored for another three weeks for them to attain sexual maturity. The rats were sacrificed under diethyl ether anesthesia and the testes were fixed by immersion in Bouin’s fluid. The tissues were processed for histomorphological and histomorphometric assessment. Data obtained were analyzed using one way ANOVA followed by Dunnett post hoc test for comparison with control. Alpha level was set at 0.05. Results showed that treatment with caffeine caused a significant decrease in testicular weight and a marked cellular degeneration and depletion of germ cells in the testes of rats in group D. The height of the germinal epithelium was significantly reduced when compared with control. This study concluded that prepubertal exposure of Wistar rats to caffeine reduced testicular growth and deleteriously alters testicular morphology.

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46

MORINI, SERGIO, LUIGI PANNARALE, ANTONIO FRANCHITTO, SAARA DONATI, and EUGENIO GAUDIO. "Microvascular features and ossification process in the femoral head of growing rats." Journal of Anatomy 195, no. 2 (August 1999): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021878299005282.

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In the epiphysis of long bones, different patterns of development of ossification processes have been described in different species. The development of the vascularisation of the femoral head has not yet been fully clarified, although its role in the ossification process is obvious. Our aim was to investigate ossification and vascular proliferation and their relationship, in growing rat femoral heads. Male Wistar rats aged ∼ 1, 5 and 8 wk and 4, 8 and 12 mo were used. Light microscopy frontal sections and vascular corrosion casts observed by scanning electron microscopy were employed. In the rat proximal femoral epiphysis, ossification develops from the medullary circulation of the diaphysis, quickly extending to the neck and the base of the head. Hypertrophic chondrocytes occupy the epiphyseal cartilage, and a physeal plate with regular cell columns is present. Starting from about the end of the third month one or more points of fibrovascular outgrowth, above the physeal line, can be observed in each sample. They are often placed centrally or, sometimes, peripherally. The fibrovascular outgrowths penetrate deeply into the cartilage and extend laterally. At age 8 mo, large fibro-osseous peduncles connect the epiphysis to the diaphyseal tissue. At 12 mo, the entire epiphysis appears calcified with an almost total absence of residual cartilage islands. This situation differs in man and in other mammals due both to differing thickness of the cartilage and to the presence of more extensive sources of blood vessels other than the diaphyseal microcirculation, as supplied by the teres ligament and Hunter's circle. In young rats, subchondral vessels and the synovial fluid could play a role in feeding the ossifying cartilage. Later, a loss of resistance of the physis due to marked degeneration of the cell columns, and extensive chondrocyte hypertrophy permit fibrovascular penetration starting from diaphyseal vessels rather than neighbouring vascular territories, such as those of the periosteum and capsule.

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47

Reisdoerferer, Gisele, Kleber Fernando Pereira, and Renato Paulo Chopard. "Fibroelastic Components of the Vesicourethral Junction of Rats in the Aging Process." International Journal of Morphology 29, no. 1 (March 2011): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022011000100036.

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48

Vasconcelos, Carlos Augusto Carvalho de, Valéria Paula Sassoli Fazan, Kenneth Charles Moore, Randy Alan Nessler, and Marcelo Moraes Valença. "Transmission Electron Microscopy Studies of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve in Chronic Diabetic Rats." International Journal of Morphology 29, no. 1 (March 2011): 272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022011000100045.

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Hasheminia, Dariush, Sayed Mohammad Razavi, Hamed Nazari, Saber Khazaei, Pardis Soleimanzadeh, and Hesamedin Nazari. "Systemic Supplement with Resveratrol Increased Bone Formation in Rats’ Alveolar Socket." International Journal of Morphology 36, no. 2 (June 2018): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022018000200391.

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50

Lee, Yong-Hoon, Cheol-Hong Lim, and Yong Hyun Chung. "Oxidative Stress and Sex Difference in Liver of Rats Exposed to Cyclohexanone." International Journal of Morphology 36, no. 3 (September 2018): 881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022018000300881.

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