Journal articles on the topic 'Ratoon suckers'
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1
O'Farrell, PJ, PK Shepherd, and JW Daniells. "Effect of type and weight of nursery produced planting material on the development of banana cv. Williams in North Queensland." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 5 (1989): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890713.
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Bananas cv. Williams grown from planting material produced in a nursery were studied to determine minimum planting weights for planting material from this source. There were 3 weights of both suckers (0.25-0.5, 0.5-1.0, and 1.0-1.5 kg) and bits (0.45-0.6, 0.6-1.0, and 1.0-1.5 kg). Shoot emergence from suckers occurred on average 17 days earlier than from bits. Small and medium bits had shooting failures of 8 and 2% respectively. Medium and large suckers produced 2 bearing plants in the plant crop, the 'first' from the apex, the 'second' (shoot emergence 8 weeks later) from a lateral bud. The 'second' reduced sucker growth and bunch size of the 'first'. High sucker number was more consistent on plants from small suckers, and medium and large bits in the plant crop, which facilitated selection of even-sized followers. Cropping was most uniform in these treatments in ratoons 1 and 2. Yield of medium and large suckers in the plant crop was twice that of the other treatments and represented the combined yields of the 'first' and 'second' plant. However, the average annual yield of medium and large suckers over both the plant and ratoon 1 crops (57 t/ha) was the same as the other treatments, due to both a 12% reduction in yield and a longer period to harvest in ratoon 1. Yield of small suckers, and small, medium and large bits was the same in the plant crop (25 t/ha) and ratoon 1 crop (73 t/ha). Further work is required with nursery material to elucidate its response to time of planting, and the interaction of bud state and weight of bits.
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Chávez, César, Luis Calderón, Franco Espinosa, Eduardo Salas, and Mario Araya. "Sucker Selection on Banana (Musa AAA cv Valery) Root Content, Nematode Populations, and Yield." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (December 10, 2021): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1012.012.
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A field experiment was carried out in El Guabo, Ecuador, to study how sucker selection affect root content, nematode numbers, and yield variables on banana (Musa AAA cv. Valery) plants. The two treatments evaluated were sword sucker selection at plant flowering and early sword sucker selection of 60 cm height on un-shooting plants. The two treatments were laid out in RCD with ten replicates and in each replicated, 10 of each sucker were evaluated across five ratoon crop cycles. With few exceptions, no differences were found in root contents between the two types of sword sucker selected. No differences in the number of Pratylenchus spp. (P> 0.0911), Meloidogyne spp.(P> 0.1011), Helicotylenches spp., (P> 0.1189), Radopholus similis(P> 0.2657), and total nematodes (P> 0.0557) were found in none of the ratoons between the two types of suckers selected. The number of total nematodes varied across the five ratoon crop cycles between 6021 and 22327 per 100 g of roots by sucker. In none of the yield variables (bunch weight P> 0.1528, ratio P> 0.1527, rationing P> 0.1261, and number of boxes per hectare by year P> 0.1447) differences were found between the selected suckers at the parent plant and the subsequent four ratoon crop cycles. Across the five harvests, the number of boxes oscillated between 2971 and 4072per hectare per year. Although, no differences in yield were found, in the last three ratoon crop cycles consistently more than 100 (106 to 133) boxes per hectare per year were got when sucker selection was done on un-shooting plants. Considering the actual market price of a box of 18.14 kg of bananas of US $6.25, the additional net income from the increase in yield, deducted the cost of labour of $0.75 of packing for each additional box would varies between 580 to 732 US$ per hectare per year.
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Salter, B., G. D. Bonnett, and R. J. Lawn. "Morphology of young sugarcane stalks produced at different stages of crop development." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 59, no. 2 (2008): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar07049.
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Sugarcane suckers are tillers that appear late in crop development. They dilute the sucrose content of the harvested cane at the mill, reducing grower profitability. Suckers appear to have different morphology from other sugarcane stalks. Experiments were established to quantify some of these morphological differences, to determine whether these differences were conserved across a vegetatively propagated generation, and to investigate the influence of the mature stalk to which the sucker is attached on sucker morphology. Experiments were established in northern Queensland, Australia, using cvv. Q117, Q138, and Q152 to compare suckers with young primary stalks in a plant crop and/or young ratoon stalks. Leaf lamina length, breadth, area, height to last fully expanded leaf, internode diameter, and growth measurements were taken. Suckers had broader leaves, resulting in a smaller leaf length/breadth ratio, longer leaf sheaths, and lower specific leaf area at least for the first 3 leaves. Sucker stalks were thicker than normal stalks. Sucker growth was highly variable, but some were able to outgrow young primary stalks in a plant crop. When mature stalks, to which suckers were attached, were removed, the leaves produced by suckers were more similar to leaves on normal stalks with larger length/breadth ratio. The morphological differences were not carried over into plants arising from the buds on suckers. Although the reasons for these morphological differences are unknown, it is likely that the transfer of some factor(s) from the stalks to which suckers are attached, and/or an altered light environment within the canopy, may contribute to the morphology of sucker shoots.
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O., Aondona, Odedina J. N., Elemo K. A., Olasantan F. O., Adigbo S. O., Imogie A. E., and Osayane P. E. "Effect of Fertilizer Application and Interplanted Cassava on Growth and Yield of Plantain in Oil Palm Based System." Sumerianz Journal of Business Management and Marketing, no. 43 (August 4, 2021): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjbmm.43.74.84.
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Due to the slow growth and long gestation period of oil palm farmers are often faced with challenges of weed control before oil palm canopy closure hence the need to introduce plantain as component crop with the oil palm. A two years trial was conducted in in Ovia North East LGA, Edo State, Nigeria (Latitude 6.636oN, 6.909oN and Longitude 6.182oE, 6.364oE) to evaluate the effect of NPKMg fertilizer and interplanted cassava on growth and yield of plantain in oil palm based system. The treatment consisted of NPKMg fertilizer as the main block treatment (with and without NPKMg fertilizer) and crop combinations [oil palm/plantain (OPP) and oil palm/plantain/cassava (OPPC)] as sub block treatments. The treatments were laid out in split block arrangement in RCBD replicated thrice. Data were collected on plantain plant height, number of leaves/pseudostem, leaf area index, number of suckers/pseudostem, number of days to 50% flowering of main psuedostem and first ratoon plants, number of days to first appearance of peeper sucker from main pseudostem, number of leaves at flowering from main pseudostem and first ratoon plants, finger weight (kg/bunch), finger circumference/finger (cm), finger length/finger (cm), number of fingers/bunch, biomass weight (t/ha), number of bunches/ha and bunch yield (t/ha). NPKMg fertilizer significantly increased (p<0.05) the growth and number of sucker produced. Plantain planted in OPP combination had taller plant and more number of suckers (first ratoon plant and second ratoon plant, respectively) relative to those in OPPC combination while plantain planted in OPPC combination lead to delayed appearance of peeper suckers, delayed fruiting of plantain and resulted to 18, 15.8, 1.6, 6, 8.3 and 12 % increase (p<0.05) in plantain bunch weight, finger weight, finger circumference, finger length, number of fingers and biomass weight, respectively relative to those in oil palm/plantain (OPP) combination.
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Daniells, JW, PJ O'Farrell, JC Mulder, and SJ Campbell. "Effect of plant spacing on yield and plant characteristics of banana in North Queensland." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 5 (1987): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870727.
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Bananas cv. Williams were grown at a range of plant densities (1 157-2825 plants ha-1) in single and double rows in North Queensland for 3 crop cycles to determine the best spacing in double rows and to compare yield and plant characteristics of different planting systems. Yield increased with increasing density in each crop cycle (from 16 to 2 1 t/ 1000 plants over the range tested). The duration of the crop cycle was unaffected by density in the plant crop. In the ratoons, the length of the crop cycles increased with increasing density (from 9 to 12 months in ratoon 1 and from 10 to 12 months in ratoon 2). Thus productivity (t ha-1 year-1) averaged over the 3 crop cycles only increased by 10 t/ 1000 plants over the range tested. Single rows had taller following suckers than did double rows at harvest of the plant crop (average of 207 v. 177 cm). Together with the shorter pseudostem height at which single rows bunched, this led to more rapid cycling than at similar densities in double rows in ratoon 1 (9 v.11 months). In double rows, spacings of 1.5 m between the 2 rows of the double row and 1.5-1.8 m between plants in the row made for considerably easier selection of followers than did closer spacings.
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Auwerkerken, Annemarie, Thomas Dubois, Bart De Schutter, Paul Speijer, Omalara Rotimi, Dirk De Waele, Danny Coyne, and Abdou Tenkouano. "Effects of nematode infection and mulching on the yield of plantain (Musa spp., AAB-group) ratoon crops and plantation longevity in southeastern Nigeria." Nematology 7, no. 4 (2005): 531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854105774384796.
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AbstractThe effects of nematode infection and mulching on plantain cv. Agbagba (Musa spp., AAB-group, false horn) yield and plantation longevity were examined in a field experiment at the High Rainfall Station of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) at Onne in southeastern Nigeria. The 2nd, 3rd and 4th crop cycles (1st, 2nd and 3rd ratoon, respectively) following the plant crop cycle (mother crop) were examined in nematode inoculated or non-inoculated and mulched or non-mulched treatments. Nematodes (Radopholus similis, Helicotylenchus multicinctus and, to a lesser extent, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Hoplolaimus pararobustus and Meloidogyne spp.) were inoculated at planting of the mother plant, but were also present in relatively high population densities in the non-inoculated treatments at harvest of the 1st crop cycle. Plants inoculated with nematodes failed to reach harvest and neither did plants in the non-inoculated non-mulched treatments in any ratoon. Only non-inoculated mulched plants reached harvest, producing 0.85, 1.22 and 0.2 Mg ha−1, respectively in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd ratoon, taking toppled, broken and dead plants into consideration. Mulched plants were larger, had more suckers, survived longer and had healthier root systems compared with non-mulched plants. Damage to roots was greater in the inoculated plants compared with the non-inoculated plants for the 1st and 2nd ratoons but not for the 3rd ratoon. Radopholus similis was most strongly associated with root damage (percentage root necrosis and dead roots), although H. multicinctus population densities were also positively correlated with percentage root necrosis. At flowering of the 1st ratoon, 71% of the inoculated non-mulched plants were dead compared with only 1% of the non-inoculated mulched plants. Helicotylenchus multicinctus remained the most abundant nematode throughout the experiment. Together with R. similis, it comprised over 95% of the plant-parasitic nematode population.
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Johns, GG. "Field evaluation of five clones of tissue-cultured bananas in northern NSW." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 4 (1994): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940521.
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The use of tissue culture (TC) could facilitate clonal changes and reduce pest and disease problems in the New South Wales banana industry. The performance of 5 clones of TC banana plants (Chinese Cavendish, 2 Mons Mari clones, and 2 Williams clones) and 1 clone propagated as suckers (Williams) was monitored in the field over 3 crop cycles. TC offtypes became evident during the first year. Overall 11% of field-planted TC plants were dwarf offtypes, and 8% were mosaic offtypes. Total offtypes in the field ranged from 1 to 63% for different clones. Dwarf offtypes produced 6% fewer (P<0.001) bunches than normal plants. Many mosaic offtypes died during the trial, and overall they produced 34% fewer (P<0.001) bunches than normal plants. Dwarf offtypes produced 41% of the marketable fruit of normal plants during the trial, while mosaic offtypes produced only 7% (P<0.001). TC plants produced their first crop 60 days earlier than plants from suckers; thereafter bunch to bunch intervals were similar. TC plants also produced 40% more (P<0.001) suckers during the first 18 months in the field. Within the Williams clone, normal TC plants (offtypes excluded) produced 15% more fingers per bunch in the plant crop than plants propagated as suckers (P<0.001). As TC plant crop fingers were 8% smaller (P<0.01), total fruit weight per bunch was 6% greater (P<0.05). Yield parameters were not significantly different during the first ratoon, but in the second ratoon TC plants had 5% more (P<0.05) fingers and 9% greater (P<0.01) total fruit weight. In the clonal comparison Chinese Cavendish was the shortest plant, had below-average finger size, and its production of marketable fruit was below average. Mons Mari-WR was the tallest clone with the longest fruit, and the highest production of marketable fruit. Other clones were intermediate in height and production.
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Drew, RA, and MK Smith. "Field evaluation of tissue-cultured bananas in south-eastern Queensland." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 4 (1990): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900569.
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Field performance is described for tissue cultured plants and conventional propagules of planting material of banana cultivar 'New Guinea Cavendish' (Musa sp., AAA group, Cavendish subgroup). Tissuecultured plants were produced by either regeneration of plants from callus culture or by micropropagation of plants following the release of dormant buds at the leaf axils of explants. The conventional material consisted of suckers and 'bits' (lateral buds and associated corm material). Tissue-cultured plants established more quickly, were taller, and had a shorter time to bunch emergence and harvest of plant crop than conventional planting material. They had significantly (P<0.05) higher yields in terms of bunch weight, which was a function of greater numbers of fingers and hands. These advantages did not extend to the ratoon crop. Sucker production on tissue-cultured plants was significantly (P<0.01) higher up to 8 months after planting, equal to conventional material from 8 months to harvest, and then significantly lower. Twenty-two per cent of the plants derived from callus were off-types compared with 3% in the line produced by axillary bud proliferation. No off-types were observed in conventional planting material.
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Borah, Rupshree, Dharindra Nath Hazarika, Supriya Langthasa, and Dorodi Priyam Duarah. "Effect of Number of Suckers per Hill on Growth and Yield of Banana cv. Malbhog (AAB) in Ratoon Crop." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, no. 10 (October 10, 2018): 1812–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.710.207.
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Borah, Rupshree. "Study the Effect of Number of Suckers Per Hill on Chlorophyll Content and Light Intensity of Malbhog (AAB) Banana in Ratoon Crop." Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 9, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8552.
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Feldmann, P., J. Daugrois, M. J. Davis, M. Chatenet, and P. Rott. "First Report of Leaf Scald Disease and Ratoon Stunting Disease of Sugarcane in French Guyana." Plant Disease 81, no. 6 (June 1997): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.6.696a.
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In December 1995, leaf scald symptoms were observed in sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) cultivar B64277 in French Guyana. Symptomatic plants occurred both in a sugarcane germplasm collection near the road between Sinnamary and Saint-Elie and in a nursery near Sinnamary. Sugarcane imported from Martinique had been used to establish the germplasm collection that in turn had been used to establish the nursery. Ten-month-old mature plants in the germplasm collection had abnormal side shoots on the lower part of the stalks and suckers (nonmillable stalks) with white scalded areas on leaves. Leaves on 1-month-old shoots in the nursery exhibited chlorosis and white, pencil-line streaks. Samples prepared from symptomatic stalks from the two locations were plated on a selective medium (1), and two isolates of Xanthomonas albilineans were recovered. Both of these isolates caused leaf scald symptoms on leaves of sugarcane cultivar B69566 inoculated by a decapitation technique, and belong to serovar 3 previously reported in the Caribbean from Guadeloupe, Martinique, and St. Kitts. The RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) pattern of these two isolates was different from the 54 patterns among 218 other strains collected throughout the world (2), but similar to the pattern of a strain of serovar 3 from Martinique. This indicated that the pathogen might have been introduced with cuttings imported from Martinique. Three stalks of mature cane from varieties B5992, B64277, and R570 from the germplasm collection were tested for the presence of Clavibacter xyli subsp. xyli, causal agent of ratoon stunting disease. Immunofluorescence tests on sap (3) revealed the presence of the pathogen in the three stalks of B64277. All sugarcane plants in the nursery and the germplasm collection were destroyed by the use of glyphosate sprays in January 1996 in an attempt to arrest the spread of the two bacterial pathogens. In order to obtain healthy seed cane for future planting, a new germplasm collection of 0.6 ha and consisting of 11 cultivars was planted in January 1996 with disease-free, tissue-cultured plants provided by the CIRAD sugarcane breeding station in Guadeloupe. References: (1) M. J. Davis et al. Plant Dis. 78:78, 1994. (2) M. J. Davis et al. Phytopathology 87:316, 1997. (3) M. J. Davis and J. L. Dean. Plant Dis. 68:896, 1984.
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Ortiz, Rodomiro, and Dirk R. Vuylsteke. "Genetics of Apical Dominance in Plantain (Musa spp., AAB Group) and Improvement of Suckering Behavior." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119, no. 5 (September 1994): 1050–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.5.1050.
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Apical dominance, i.e., the inhibition of lateral bud growth due to growth substances released by the terminal bud, has been considered as a limiting factor for the perennial productivity of plantains (Musa spp., AAB group). Segregation ratios in F1 and F2 plantain-banana hybrids suggest that inheritance of apical dominance is controlled by a major recessive gene, ad. The dominant Ad allele improved the suckering of plantain-banana hybrids, as measured by the height of the tallest sucker at flowering and harvest. At harvest, the ratoon crop of the diploid and tetraploid hybrids had completed 70% to 100% of its vegetative development, whereas the ratoon of the plantain parents, due to high apical dominance, was only at 50% of total pseudostem growth. Sucker growth rates are generally the result of gibberellic acid (GA3) levels, and it is suggested that the Ad gene regulates GA3 production. However, the Ad gene has incomplete penetrance, genetic specificity, and variable expressivity. Increased frequency of the Ad gene and a commensurate improvement in the suckering behavior of the diploid populations may be achieved by phenotypic recurrent selection.
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Eckstein, K., C. Fraser, and J. C. Robinson. "THE TIMING OF FIRST RATOON SUCKER SELECTION USING TISSUE CULTURE BANANA PLANTS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 540 (October 2000): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2000.540.31.
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Ahlgren, Molly O. "Nutritional Significance of Facultative Detritivory to the Juvenile White Sucker (Catostomus commetsoni)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f90-005.
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The nutritional significance of detritus in the diet of the juvenile white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) was evaluated by experiments designed to assess assimilation efficiency and growth of sucker fed detritus and other foods. Sucker in laboratory aquaria assimilated detritus with the following efficiencies: dry mass = 19.6%, ash-free dry mass (AFDM) = 59.7%, total amino acids = 68.9%, energy = 69.4%. Assimilation efficiencies calculated for invertebrates and natural field diets were slightly higher. Diatom assimilation was low (5.5%). In growth experiments, sucker fed detritus ad libitum lost weight, while those fed Artemia ad libitum grew rapidly. However, detritus increased the growth rate of sucker fed a limited invertebrate ration and reduced the rate of weight loss relative to unfed fish. The ratio of digestible protein to digestible energy calculated for natural detritus diets (3.2 mg amino acid/kj) indicates that the protein content of detritus is too low to support growth. Detritus provides energy which complements limited invertebrate protein to enhance growth or reduce the rate of weight loss when invertebrate prey are not available.
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Hyslop, J. J., R. Keatinge, and D. G. Chapple. "Intake, growth and feed conversion in weaned suckled bulls finished on a cereal-based ration." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2003 (2003): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200011704.
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Enhanced economic sustainability may be achievable by upland beef farmers if they could finish weaned suckled calves on-farm using purchased feeds, rather than selling store animals. The objectives of this study were to examine voluntary feed intake, growth rate and carcass slaughter parameters of weaned bulls from an upland suckler herd finished intensively from approximately 9 months of age using a cereal-based ration.
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DE CAUWER, I., and R. ORTIZ. "ANALYSIS OF THE GENOTYPE × ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN MUSA TRIALS." Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 2 (April 1998): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479798002038.
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Plantain hybrids and landraces, and banana cultivars (Musa spp. L.) were evaluated for three years in the plant and ratoon crops at three locations in the humid lowland forest (Mbalmayo and Onne) and derived savanna (Ibadan) agro-ecozones of sub-Saharan Africa. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) models accounted for a significant percentage of the genotype × environment interaction (GE) affecting bunch weight (kg plant−1) and yield potential (t ha−1 a−1). Obino l'Ewai, a plantain landrace, showed little GE for bunch weight, whereas the exotic cooking banana cultivar Cardaba had the most stable yield potential as revealed by the biplots of the GE analysis (AMMI-2 biplots). Plantain hybrids achieved high yield potential due to their short growth cycle. The high yield potential of the cooking bananas was mainly the result of their fast sucker development.
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Hill, G. J., and J. J. Hyslop. "Comparative post-weaning growth and carcass characteristics in suckled, purebred Charolais and Limousin x Aberdeen Angus steers finished intensively on a cereal based ration." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2005 (2005): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200010942.
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Following commercial practice in France, there is increased interest in using specifically selected purebred maternal lines as suckler cow dams in the UK. Consequently, there is also a need to evaluate the finishing performance of the concomitant purebred male progeny from these maternal lines within typical UK suckled calf finishing systems. The objective of this study was to compare the post-weaning performance of purebred Charolais (CH) steers and crossbred Limousin x Aberdeen Angus (LIMxAA) steers when finished using a cereal-based ration.
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Pullar, Duncan, and Ian Rigby. "Rapeseed meal and maize gluten as supplements to straw in winter rations for spring calving suckler cows." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1990 (March 1990): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600019279.
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Winter feed represents a major cost in the production of suckled calves. By using the summer grazing period to ensure that cows are housed in good body condition winter feed can be restricted. The controlled weight loss of cows through the winter subsidises food inputs (WRIGHT, RUSSEL and HUNTER, 1986). At High Mowthorpe a mixture of barley and urea (BU) has proved to be a cheap and successful supplement to ad-lib wheat straw as a winter ration for suckler cows. Rapeseed meal (RSM) and maize gluten (MG) are possible alternatives to BU. RSM and MG have two potential advantages in that they may be cheaper to purchase and that they eliminate the need for milling and mixing facilities. Provided cow performance is not adversely affected RSM and MG could offer scope for simplifying ration preparation and reducing winter feed costs.
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Lavigueur, Lucie, and Cyrille Barrette. "Suckling, weaning, and growth in captive woodland caribou." Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, no. 9 (September 1, 1992): 1753–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-243.
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To delimit the different stages of the weaning process and to understand the relationship between suckling and growth, the evolution of suckling performance and mother–young interactions associated with milk transfer was closely monitored in a group of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) from birth up to 160 days. Suckling rate and total suckling time dropped rapidly during the first 20 days and slowly thereafter, while suckle duration remained stable during the first 20 days and decreased gradually thereafter. In the first 20 days of life, suckling success declined from 90 to 50%, the proportion of suckles terminated by the mother increased from 30 to 90%, and the proportion of suckles with bunting increased from 40 to almost 100%. The mother licked the calf in 70% of the suckles from birth to 20 days, 40% from 20 to 40 days, and less than 20% subsequently. Suckles with licking were longer than suckles without licking during the first 30 days of life. Suckling was initiated by the calf in more than 80% of the suckles, even in the first days of life. No sex differences were found at any age for any of the behavioral variables measured. Birth weights and growth rates of males from 0 to 45 days, however, were higher than those of females. Growth rates from birth to 45 days were positively correlated with suckling rate during the first 35 days. From 46 to 100 days, growth rates were positively correlated with time spent feeding on pelleted ration and on hay. We suggest that metabolic weaning could begin at around 15–20 days, when suckling success and the mother's contribution to establishing and maintaining suckling interactions decreased most steeply. The end of metabolic weaning could occur at 40–45 days, when suckling rate, suckling success, and the mother's contribution to suckling reached low values from which they declined very slowly to the end of behavioral weaning. Behavioral weaning was not yet completed at the age of 160 days.
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Mezgebo, G. B., F. J. Monahan, M. McGee, E. G. O’Riordan, I. R. Richardson, and A. P. Moloney. "Effect of carcass weight/age on the compositional and sensory qualities of bull beef." Advances in Animal Biosciences 8, s1 (October 2017): s6—s9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040470017001595.
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This study aimed to compare the quality of beef from suckler bulls raised on a high-energy concentrate ration and slaughtered at different carcass weights (CW)/ages. In total, 42 spring-born, Charolais and Limousin-sired, weaned suckler bulls were provided with a finishing diet of ad libitum concentrates and grass silage until they reached target CW of 340, 380 and 420 kg. Intramuscular fat (IMF) content tended (P<0.06) to be higher for 420 kg CW than for 380 and 340 kg CW. Sensory tenderness was lower (P<0.001) for 420 kg CW than for 380 and 340 kg CW. Juiciness was higher (P<0.05) for 420 kg CW than for 380 kg CW. Flavour liking was higher (P<0.05) for 420 and 380 kg CW (which did not differ) than for 340 kg CW. Overall, an increase in CW resulted in a slight increase in IMF content which could be responsible for the increase in juiciness and flavour liking of the beef. An increase in CW led to a decrease in the tenderness of the beef even though the overall liking of the beef was not affected.
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Pablo Orozco, Daniel Herrera, Adolfo Rojas Oscar Cortes, and Juan Delgado Mario Araya. "Population Dynamics of Phytoparasitic Nematodes in Pineapple (Ananas comosus cv MD-2)." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 274–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1101.033.
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In a long-term commercial pineapple farm (Ananas comosus cv MD-2) with more than 10 planting cycles, the root content and nematode population dynamics was determined on the crop. In the plant crop, 10 terraces with 16 beds were selected, each with plants of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 13 (at fruit harvest) months after planting for root sampling on both Inceptisol and Ultisol soils. In areas of first ratoon crop, 10 terraces also with 16 beds with 4 and 8 months after selection of the sucker and 10 terraces at fruit harvest, were sampled on both Inceptisol, and Ultisol soils. In each terrace, a composited root sample was taken from roots of 5 plants distributed diagonally along the terrace in beds:4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 (one plant per sampled bed). Plants were extracted in each of the 10 terraces and each growing age with a shovel, all the roots were cut off and collected, placed in identified plastic bags, and sent in coolers to the CORBANA nematology laboratory for nematode extraction. The results revealed an increase in root weight up to 180 (Inceptisol) and 120 (Ultisol) days after planting. Then there was a slight decrease that was aggravated at fruit harvest of the plant crop, which was extended until the first ratoon, with differences (P< 0.0001) between crop ages in both soils. The nematode frequency was 78% in the Inceptisol, and 96% in the Ultisol soil. In both soils, the predominant nematode was Pratylenchus spp. with more than 91% of the total nematode population, and the rest was Helicotylenchus. An increase in the population of Helicotylenchus spp. (P< 0.0001), Pratylenchus spp. (P< 0.0001) and total nematodes (P< 0.0001) was observed with the age of the crop until 8 months of sowing, in both soils. According to the nematode thresholds established for the crop, the populations found deserve control to prevent losses in production.
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Moloney, A. P., E. G. O’Riordan, M. McGee, M. G. O’Sullivan, J. P. Kerry, S. S. Wilson, F. J. Monahan, A. K. Kelly, K. McMenamin, and L. Moran. "Carcass characteristics, colour and eating quality of beef from late maturing suckler bulls finished at pasture with or without concentrate supplementation or indoors on a high concentrate ration." Animal Production Science 62, no. 6 (February 17, 2022): 590–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an21426.
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Context Their growth and feed efficiency advantages make bull beef production systems attractive alternatives for producers of beef from steers. Finishing bulls from pasture is less costly and would allow bull beef to be marketed as ‘grass-fed’. However, such carcasses may not meet the minimum fatness classification of 6.0 (on a 15-point scale) required for some beef markets. This is based in part on a perception that meat from bulls with a lower fatness classification per se is inferior in some quality characteristics. Aim To determine the comparative carcass and beef quality characteristics of grass-fed and concentrate-fed bulls. Methods Spring-born, late-maturing breed suckler bull weanlings sourced from commercial beef suckler herds were assigned after their first winter to one of four experimental treatments until they were slaughtered 199 days later at an average age of 19.3 months. Treatments were: (1) grazed grass for 98 days (G), then housed and offered concentrates + grass silage ad libitum indoors for 101 days (G-HC), (2) grazed grass supplemented with concentrates (target 500 g/kg total daily dietary dry matter intake) for 199 days (GC-GC), (3) grazed grass for 98 days, then supplemented with concentrates (target 500 g/kg total daily dietary dry matter intake) at pasture for 101 days (G-GC), or (4) grazed grass only for 199 days (G-G). After slaughter, carcasses were weighed and graded for conformation and fatness. After 72 h, longissimus thoracis (LT) colour was measured. After 14 days ageing, LT was assessed for eating quality characteristics. Results Carcass weight averaged 399, 381, 374 and 361 kg for G-HC, GC-GC, G-GC and G-G bulls, respectively. Corresponding carcass fat scores were 7.5, 5.1, 5.5 and 4.8, only G-HC exceeded the minimum fat score specification. Meat from bulls finished at pasture was less red but the differences were small. After ageing for 14 days at 2°C, there was no difference in tenderness, flavour or acceptability between striploin steaks from any of the treatment groups. Conclusions Although none of the grazing groups achieved the current market specification for carcass fat score, this was not reflected in inferior eating quality. Implications Carcass fat score is a poor indicator of the eating quality of grass-fed bull beef. There is therefore an opportunity for suckler bull producers to access the growing market for ‘grass-fed’ beef.
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Mahmoud, H. I., M. E. Elkashif, and O. M. Elamin. "Effect of plant spacing and number of suckers on yield components and fruit quality of main crop and first four ratoons of banana clones in central Sudan." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1216 (October 2018): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2018.1216.4.
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Hyslop, J. J., D. W. Ross, E. A. Navajas, N. Prieto, R. Roehe, and G. Simm. "Animal performance characteristics in suckler-bred steers and heifers finished at 16-20 months of age on a grass silage and barley-based concentrate ration offered as a complete diet." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200029872.
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Due to an increasingly discerning consumer demand, the eating quality of beef has become a major focus of research effort for the beef supply chain and some pricing schemes currently reward Aberdeen Angus sired animals over animals sired by other breeds. However, the animal performance characteristics of beef cattle at a farm level must also be examined in studies on beef eating quality since they will remain an integral part of primary producer returns for the foreseeable future. As part of a wider beef eating quality project, the objective of the current study was to assess the on-farm and carcass animal performance characteristics in suckler-bred steers and heifers during the finishing phase.
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Mezgebo, Monahan, McGee, O’Riordan, Marren, Listrat, Picard, Richardson, and Moloney. "Extending the Grazing Period for Bulls, Prior to Finishing on a Concentrate Ration: Composition, Collagen Structure and Organoleptic Characteristics of Beef." Foods 8, no. 7 (July 23, 2019): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8070278.
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The biochemical and organoleptic characteristics of the longissimus thoracis muscle from suckler bulls (n = 56) finished on a concentrate-based system (C) or raised in a pasture-based system (P) incorporating 99 (P99), 162 (P162) or 231 days (P231) of grazing prior to indoor finishing on the concentrate-based diet were investigated. Age at slaughter increased with increasing period at pasture. Intramuscular fat concentration was lower (p < 0.001) for P99 than for C, P162 and P231 bulls, which did not differ. Soluble collagen proportion was lower (p < 0.01) for P162 and P231 than for P99 and C bulls. Collagen cross-link content was higher (p < 0.05) for P231 than for P99 and C bulls and for P162 than for C bulls. The proportion of type I muscle fibres was higher (p < 0.01) for P231 and P162 than for P99 and C bulls. Sensory tenderness was higher (p < 0.001) for C and P162 than for P99 and P231 bulls and overall liking was higher (p < 0.01) for C than for P99 and P231 bulls but similar to P162 bulls. Extending the grazing period to 162 days did not negatively influence the sensory qualities of beef compared to the intensive concentrate-based system.
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Holdway, D. A., and D. G. Dixon. "ACUTE TOXICITY OF PERMETHRIN OR GLYPHOSATE PULSE EXPOSURE TO LARVAL WHITE SUCKER (CATOSTOMUS COMMERSONI) AND JUVENILE FLAGFISH (JORDANELLA FLORIDAE) AS MODIFIED BY AGE AND RATION LEVEL." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 7, no. 1 (1988): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1897/1552-8618(1988)7[63:atopog]2.0.co;2.
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Holdway, D. A., and D. G. Dixon. "Acute toxicity of permethrin or glyphosate pulse exposure to larval white sucker (catostomus commersoni) and juvenile flagfish (jordanella floridae) as modified by age and ration level." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 7, no. 1 (January 1988): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620070109.
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Tegegne, A., P. O. Osuji, A. Lahlou-Kassi, and E. Mukasa-Mugerwa. "Effect of dam nutrition and suckling on lactation in Borana cows and growth in their Borana × Friesian crossbred calves in an early weaning system in Ethiopia." Animal Science 58, no. 1 (February 1994): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100007030.
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AbstractForty-four Borana × Friesian F1 crossbred calves born to Borana (Bos indicus) cows were randomly assigned to either suck their dams hvice daily or bucket-feeding with 1341 milk over a 57-day pre-weaning period. Their dams were also allocated either to a supplement group with grass hayad libitumand 5 kg per head per day of a concentrate ration or to an unsupplemented group withad libitumgrass hay only. Calves were fed in individual boxes in a calf house. The mean birth weight of calves was 24·8 (s.e. 1·8) kg. Suckled calves were heavier (P < 0·01) at weaning (47·7 (s.e. 1·9) v.37·1 (s.e. 1·8) kg) and had faster pre-weaning growth rate (411 (s.e. 30)v.215 (s.e. 29) g/day) than bucket-fed calves. Calves which sucked supplemented cows were heavier (P < 0·001) at weaning (51·2 (s.e. 2·6)v. 44·2 (s.e. 2·6) kg), had faster (P < 0·01) pre-weaning growth rate (477 (s.e. 41)v.346 (s.e. 41) glday) and higher (P<0·01) daily milk intake (2·6 (s.e. 0·2)v.1·6 (s.e. 0·2) I/day) than those which sucked unsupplemented cows. Mean concentrate intake was 302 (s.e. 30) g/day for bucket-fed calves and 341 (s.e. 33) and 408 (s.e. 33) g/day for calves which sucked supplemented and unsupplemented cows. Cow milk production was higher (P < 0·01) in suckled than in milked cows (3·3 (s.e. 0·2)v.1·0 (s.e. 0·2) I/day) and in supplemented than unsupplemented cows (3·9 (s.e. 0·2)v.2·7 (s.e. 0·2) I/day). Concentrations of milk protein, fat and total solids averaged 39 (s.e. 15), 49 (s.e. 16) and 143 (s.e. 21) g/kg, respectively and were not significantly influenced by either concentrate supplementation or suckling. Restricted suckling and early weaning coupled with appropriate calf and cow feeding regimes could be one of the alternatives for calf rearing under smallholder and small scale peri-urban dairy production systems. However, further studies are warranted to evaluate the effects of such a strategy on both calf and cow performances under these production systems.
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Moloney, Aidan P., Edward G. O’Riordan, Mark McGee, Brigitte Picard, Frank J. Monahan, Lara Moran, and Raquel Cama-Moncunill. "Does Finishing at Pasture Influence the Colour of Muscle from Suckler Bulls and Can Colour Be Used to Authenticate Their Pre-Slaughter Diet?" Foods 11, no. 15 (July 30, 2022): 2281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11152281.
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The primary objective of this study was to compare the colour of muscle from bulls finished at pasture or indoors on a high concentrate diet. The ancillary objectives were to identify possible explanations for any differences in the colour observed and the potential of muscle colour to discriminate between bull beef from different production systems. Growth, longissimus muscle colour, fibre type composition and metabolic profile were measured in late-maturing breed sired suckler bulls slaughtered at 19 months of age after 199 days at pasture (G0), 100 days indoors after 98 days at pasture (G0AL) and indoors for 199 days (AL). When compared to bulls finished indoors and offered a high concentrate ration, the carcass weight of G0 bulls was lower, their carcasses were leaner, and their longissimus muscle was similar in lightness but less red and had a lower glycolytic metabolism. The temperature at which the longissimus muscle reached pH 6.0 was lower (19.7 °C) for G0 than for G0AL (29.9 °C) and AL (31.6 °C), which did not differ. Co-variate adjustment for this variable removed the differences in redness. Adjusting the chill settings appears to be a practical strategy for abattoirs to minimise early post-mortem differences in muscle colour between lighter grass-fed and heavier concentrate-fed carcasses. The preliminary results demonstrate the potential of both L*, a*, b* values and the visible reflectance spectra of muscle to discriminate between grass- finished and concentrate-finished bull beef, but further refinement and validation of the models is required.
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Alfaro, Alejandrino Oseguera, Wilfredo Lanza Núñez, Jhunior Marcia, and Ismael Montero Fernández. "The Cricket (Gryllus assimilis) as an Alternative Food Versus Commercial Concentrate for Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) in the Nursery Stage." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 6 (May 15, 2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n6p97.
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In this paper, a 32% commercial diet of protein for tilapia fingerlings (Oreochromis sp.) commonly used in fish farms in the country and cricket meal in a mixture with 32% corn flour as a protein was compared alternative food The breeding, raising and fattening unit of crickets (Gryllus assimilis) was implemented for its subsequent sacrifice and transformation into flour and used as a source of protein in the diet, these gained a weight of 0.70 g. To accommodate the fry, plastic tanks with a capacity of 1 m3 were used, the water was sucked by means of an electric pump; with permanent aeration where 15 individuals of red tilapia per m3 were planted with an average weight of 5 g which reached an average weight/fish/day of 26 g, a growth/fish/day of 0.86 g, the total biomass was 340 g, and a feed conversion factor (FCA) of 1.16. According to the Student’s T analysis and a comparison of means, no differences were found, with a correlation of 83.1% between the food supplied and the increase in weight, the water parameters were found at an optimum level. The protein percentage of cricket flour ranges between 15% and 80% depending on the geographical area, those that were used in the local ration have 58.16% of crude protein and 9.32 of protein nitrogen, the two rations in comparison had a protein content of 32%.
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Sianipar, Mangara W., Rustikawati Rustikawati, Yudhy H. Bertham, Catur Herison, and Mukhtasar Mukhtasar. "Effect of Several Types and Concentrations of Complex Organic Compounds on Growth of Pineapple In Vitro." Akta Agrosia 22, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/aa.22.1.22-28.
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Pineapple plants are usually propagated vegetatively by utilizing the base of the fruit (ratoone), stem buds (sucker), fruit buds (slip) and crown (crown). Propagation of plants by utilizing parts of the plant is less effective in meeting the needs because the planting material produced is small and requires a long time. An alternative to the propagation of pineapple to increase the amount of planting material is by tissue culture techniques. This study aims to obtain the best types of complex organic compounds and the right concentration for the growth of pineapple shoots in vitro. The research was conducted in June 2017 until October 2017 at the Laboratory of Agronomy at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bengkulu. Complete randomized design with 3 replications was used to allocate 9 treatments of complex organic compounds. The basic media used are the composition of Murashige and Skoog (MS). Treatment consists of 1) Coconut water 100 ml / l, 2) Coconut water 150 ml / l, 3) Coconut water 200 ml / l, 4) Banana porridge 100 gl / l, 5) Banana pulp 150 g / l, 6) Banana slurry 200 g / l, 7) Bean sprout extract 100 g / l, 8) Bean sprout extract 150 g / l, 9) Bean sprout extract 200 g / l. The results showed that at 16 weeks after MS media planting the addition of 100 g / l banana pulp was able to produce the highest plant height with an average of 3.45 cm. MS media with the addition of 200 ml coconut water resulted in the highest shoot height of 1.5 cm and followed by MS with the addition of 100 g / l media of banana pulp with an average of 0.9 cm. MS media with the addition of 100 ml / l of coconut water is suitable for the growth of pineapple roots with the average value of the number of roots and the highest length of roots. MS media with the addition of bean sprout extract with various concentrations is not able to stimulate shoot growth and has a growth response that tends to be slow. Keywords: Pineapple, In Vitro, Complex Organic Compounds.
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Cozen, Wendy, Ann S. Hamilton, Peng Zhao, Muhammed Towhid Salam, Dennis M. Deapen, Bharat N. Nathwani, Lawrence M. Weiss, and Thomas M. Mack. "Childhood infection experience and risk of Young Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 1457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.1457.1457.
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Abstract The risk pattern of adolescent/young adult Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is consistent with causation by a relatively late infection to a common childhood virus. However a causal virus has not yet been convincingly found. Susceptibility is known to be heritable, and a lower genetically determined interleukin-12 [IL-12] response is a risk factor. A lower IL-12 response can also be produced by diminished gastrointestinal exposure to the environmental microbiome, with resulting persistence of a Th2-skewed cytokine phenotype. We have therefore studied twin pairs discordant for HL to search for early life differences in sources of both viral and non-viral infection. HL-discordant twin pairs volunteered for the International Twin Study in ignorance of specific hypotheses. 70% of the questionnaires sent to individual twins were returned producing 188 informative pairs. The Kappa statistic was used to assess between-twin agreement. Designating the twin with HL as the case and the unaffected twin as the control, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using conditional logistic regression for matched pairs. Tonsillectomy or appendectomy at least 5 years prior to diagnosis were associated respectively with a 2- and 3-fold statistically significant increase in risk. Infection with 3 or more childhood exanthems was associated with a 60% decreased risk (95% confidence intervals 0.2, 0.9). Behaviors likely to produce oral exposure to the environmental microbiome conveyed statistically significant decreases in risk (OR=0.2–0.5). A history of eczema increased risk (OR= 2.8, 95% CI= 1.0, 7.8). Kappa statistics were high (>0.8) for significant findings. Our evidence supports a role for early exposure to various infections in the etiology of adolescent/young adult Hodgkin lymphoma. Table 1. History of infections, immune-related surgeries and other childhood experience at least 5 years prior to diagnosis and risk of adolescent-young adult Hodgkin Lymphoma diagnosed between 13–50 years of age in disease-discordant twin pairs from the International Twin International Twin Registry (n = 188 total pairs). Exposures Kappa1 Ratio of Exposure Discordant Pairs2 Odds Ratio3 95% CI4 1. Kappa calculated from the 93 double respondent twin pairs (pairs in whom both twins returned questionnaires) 2 Total number of twin pairs in which case-twin was exposed and the unaffected co-twin was unexposed/Total number of twin pairs in which unaffected co-twin was exposed and the case-twin was unexposed 3 Odds ratio estimated using conditional logistic regression using SAS Version 8.1 4 Confidence interval estimated using conditional logistic regression 3 or more childhood exanthems - 6/15 0.4 0.2, 0.9 Infectious mononucleosis 0.72 22/19 1.2 0.6, 2.1 Cold Sores (Herpes Simplex 1) 0.70 18/10 1.8 0.8, 3.9 Tonsillectomy 0.86 25/12 2.1 1.1, 4.1 Appendectomy 0.84 33/11 3.0 1.5, 5.9 Eczema 0.79 14/5 2.8 1.0, 7.8 Sucked pacifier/thumb/fingers more as an infant/young child? 0.87 18/34 0.5 0.3, 0.9 Put more things in mouth as an infant/young child? 0.86 10/30 0.3 0.2, 0.7
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Borah, Rupshree, D. N. Hazarika, Supriya Langthasa, and Hemanga Das. "Influence of Number of Suckers in Ratoon Crop on Yield and Quality of Malbhog (AAB) Banana." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, September 16, 2020, 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i2830936.
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An experiment was carried out at instructional cum experimental farm, Department of Horticulture, Biswanath College of Agriculture, Assam Agricultural University, Biswanath Chariali to study the effect of number of suckers per hill on yield and quality of banana cv. Malbhog (AAB) in ratoon crop by maintaining different numbers of suckers per hill as-T1 (one sucker per hill), T2 (two suckers per hill), T3 (three suckers per hill), and T4 (four suckers per hill). Plants for each treatment were planted in two spacing as S1 (2.1 m x 2.1 m) and S2 (2.5 m x 2.5 m). One treatment with recommended package of practice (one sucker retain with mother plant at shooting) was also included in the experiment as control. The treatment combinations were laid out in factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. Finger length (15.22 cm), finger girth (12.05 cm), finger volume (84.44cc) and finger weight (83.65 g), number of fingers (92.75/bunch), hands (7.27/bunch), bunch weight (9.41 kg/bunch and yield (15.05 t/ha), were highest in S2T1 (2 suckers per hill in 2.5 m x 2.5 m spacing). Lowest duration from harvesting of first crop to harvesting of first ratoon crop (68.50 days) observed in S2T1. Yield of banana was significantly lower in wider spacing of 2.5 m x 2.5 m (S2) than S1 (2.1 m x 2.1 m). There was no significant effect on quality attributing parameters of fingers.
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Donato, Lucas Titonelli Ferreira, Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues Donato, Cleiton Fernando Barbosa Brito, Varley Andrade Fonseca, Carlos Nick Gomes, and Vagner Alves Rodrigues Filho. "Estimating leaf area of prata-type banana plants with lanceolate type leaves." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 42, no. 4 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452020417.
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Abstract Models for estimating leaf area of bananas found in the literature are not suitable for lanceolate type leaves occurring at the vegetative stage of ratoon suckers dependent of mother plant. The objective was to determine equations for estimating the leaf area of ‘Prata-Anã’ and ‘BRS Platina’ banana plants with lanceolate type leaves. 212 and 164 lanceolate type leaves having 10 cm-wide lamina or less were collected from ‘Prata-Anã’ and ‘BRS Platina’ banana plants of 90 days of age or less, respectively. Width (W), length (L), width/length ratio (WLR), and scanner-measured leaf area (LAscanner) were determined. Using the backward elimination procedure, simple and multiple linear regression equations were fitted to the relationship between leaf dimensions (W, L and WLR) and LAscanner. To evaluate how precise the equations are in predicting leaf area (LApredicted), Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between LA and LApredictedscanner. The models highly correlated with LAscanner at 1% of significance level. The models are and LALL() = Prata-Anã = - 0,0133624 + 0,000489859**L - 0,00183182 **W and LALL(Platina) 0,00237026 + 0,004781**W - 0,096802** WLR.
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Okoli, Nneka, Julius Obiefuna, Innocent Ibeawuchi, Genevive Echefu, Rosemond Alagba, Gabriel Ihejirika, and Lilian Emma-Okafor. "Influence of organic mulch sources and time of their application on the yield of plantain (Musa spp.) in Owerri, southeast Nigeria." Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.57046/ycwc4470.
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The effect of five organic mulches (oil palm bunch refuse, oil palm fibre, woodchips, sawdust and multispecies thrash) applied at three different times {at planting, 3 and 6 months after planting (MAP)} at Owerri in the tropical rainforest agro-ecology of southeastern Nigeria were investigated. The experiment was a 3 x 5 factorial experiment laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Mulching of plantain using oil palm bunch refuse produced highest plantain bunch yield (17.68 t ha-1) while mulching with multispecies thrash gave lowest plantain bunch yield (12.02 t ha-1). Mulching of plantain at 3 MAP produced bigger plantain bunch yield (15.79 t ha-1) than mulching of plantain at planting (14.44 t ha-1) and at 6 MAPS (13.21 t ha-1). Mulching of plantain at 3 MAPS with oil palm bunch refuse stimulated early sucker proliferation, conserved soil moisture content, sustained plantain bunch yield and increased number of fingers per bunch in crop plantain and first ratoon bunch yield. These findings are important for the development of effective mulching strategy for rain fed zones in southeast Nigeria.
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Bittner, Lilli, Kjelt Krämer, Adriana Wöckel, Teja Snedec, Cora Delling, Denny Böttcher, Gabor Köller, Walter Baumgartner, Wolfram Richardt, and Alexander Starke. "Malnutrition as the cause of recumbency in suckler cows associated with Trypanosoma theileri infection." Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 63, no. 1 (January 9, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13028-020-00567-7.
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Abstract Background Recumbent cows are a diagnostic challenge because of a wide range of differential diagnoses, which include trauma, neurological and metabolic disorders, malnutrition and mineral deficiencies. This case report describes recumbent suckler cows that presented as a herd problem. In addition to weakness due to inanition, Cu and Se deficiencies were considered as possible aetiologies of the recumbency. Furthermore, Trypanosoma (T.) theileri, a blood parasite of unknown importance in Germany, was detected in the blood of some cows. Case presentation Three recumbent cows were referred to the Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Leipzig. They were unable to rise and had low body condition scores and rough hair coats. Haematological and serum biochemical analyses showed neutrophilia, electrolyte imbalances, increased activities of muscle and liver enzymes and decreased concentrations of trace elements, especially Copper (Cu) and Selenium (Se). T. theileri was detected in a routine blood smear from one cow. The cows did not respond to an intensive care protocol, which included intravenous fluids and electrolytes, mineral substitution, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories and antibiotics, and were therefore euthanized or died. Postmortem examination showed cachexia, subcutaneous and scleral oedema and muscular dystrophy, especially in the hind limbs. Follow-up examination of the herd of origin produced similar findings including the detection of T. theileri in a large proportion of the herd. Ration analysis revealed considerable undersupply of several nutrients. Conclusions Based on all findings, an aetiological diagnosis of trace mineral and nutrient deficiency with possible involvement of T. theileri was made.
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Bittner, Lilli, Kjelt Krämer, Adriana Wöckel, Teja Snedec, Cora Delling, Denny Böttcher, Gabor Köller, Walter Baumgartner, Wolfram Richardt, and Alexander Starke. "Malnutrition as the cause of recumbency in suckler cows associated with Trypanosoma theileri infection." Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 63, no. 1 (January 9, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13028-020-00567-7.
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Abstract Background Recumbent cows are a diagnostic challenge because of a wide range of differential diagnoses, which include trauma, neurological and metabolic disorders, malnutrition and mineral deficiencies. This case report describes recumbent suckler cows that presented as a herd problem. In addition to weakness due to inanition, Cu and Se deficiencies were considered as possible aetiologies of the recumbency. Furthermore, Trypanosoma (T.) theileri, a blood parasite of unknown importance in Germany, was detected in the blood of some cows. Case presentation Three recumbent cows were referred to the Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Leipzig. They were unable to rise and had low body condition scores and rough hair coats. Haematological and serum biochemical analyses showed neutrophilia, electrolyte imbalances, increased activities of muscle and liver enzymes and decreased concentrations of trace elements, especially Copper (Cu) and Selenium (Se). T. theileri was detected in a routine blood smear from one cow. The cows did not respond to an intensive care protocol, which included intravenous fluids and electrolytes, mineral substitution, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories and antibiotics, and were therefore euthanized or died. Postmortem examination showed cachexia, subcutaneous and scleral oedema and muscular dystrophy, especially in the hind limbs. Follow-up examination of the herd of origin produced similar findings including the detection of T. theileri in a large proportion of the herd. Ration analysis revealed considerable undersupply of several nutrients. Conclusions Based on all findings, an aetiological diagnosis of trace mineral and nutrient deficiency with possible involvement of T. theileri was made.