Journal articles: 'Ratios N'

1

Makishima, Akio, and Akimasa Masuda. "Ce isotope ratios of N-type MORB." Chemical Geology 118, no. 1-4 (December 1994): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(94)90166-x.

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2

GREEN, A. M., and G. Q. LIU. "$N\bar N$ ANNIHILATION INTO TWO MESONS IN A RELATIVE D-STATE." Modern Physics Letters A 04, no. 26 (December 10, 1989): 2499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773238900280x.

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The branching ratios [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are calculated in a model that treats [Formula: see text] annihilation as a two step process- [Formula: see text] annihilation by the 3P0 vertex followed by meson-meson rescattering. This model, successful for other branching ratios, is now found to grossly underestimate these particular ratios. A possible reason for this is given.

3

Dolan, Stan. "Ratios in Heronian triangles." Mathematical Gazette 104, no. 560 (June 18, 2020): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mag.2020.41.

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Heronian triangles are triangles with integer sides and area. In [1], a classical result about squares in arithmetic progression was obtained by proving that it is not possible for the altitude of a Heronian triangle to divide the base in the ratio of 1 : 2. In this article we shall investigate general ratios of the form 1 : n, where n is a positive integer. These base ratios do not appear to have received previous attention despite the wealth of results about other aspects of Heronian triangles [2].

4

Simonne, E. H., J. N. McCrimmon, H. L. Scoggins-Mantero, and H. A. Mills. "254 KJELDAHL N:DUMAS N RATIOS FOR SELECTED CROPS." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 466b—466. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.466b.

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With recent advances in N analyzers, the Dumas method becomes more attractive as a replacement for Kjeldahl N. Kjeldahl N (K_N):Dumas N (D_N) ratios were determined for anthurium (A), orchid (O), fern (F) and turf (T). Dry tissues were ground to pass a 20-mesh seive. D_N was determined using 0.2 g of sample and a Leco FP-428. K_N was determined by digesting 0.4 g tissue with a CuO/TiO/K2SO4 catalyst and 10 mL H2SO4 at 450°C for 2 hr. Ammonium in the digest was assayed by colorimetry (Lachat analyzer). Overall (n=397 obs.), D_N was a good estimator of K_N: K_N = 0.90(p<0.01) D_N + 0.09(p=0.03), R2=0.93, over the 0.4-6.6 N range. K_N:D_N ratio was significantly (p<0.01) affected by plant type. Ratios of 0.85 for A, 0.92 for T, 0.99 for O, and 1.00 for F may be used to estimate K-N from D-N for the diagnosis of N nutrition, along with existing interpretative data.

5

Kurth, Mark J., Edward G. Brown, and Owen H. W. Decker. "N-Methyloxazolinium salts: diastereomer ratios by proton NMR." Journal of Organic Chemistry 50, no. 24 (November 1985): 4984–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00224a073.

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6

Palvanov, S., and T. Akhmadzhanov. "Isomeric Ratios 109m,gPd in the (γ, n) and (n, 2n) Reactions." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 66, no. 6 (July 6, 2021): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe66.6.461.

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The method of induced activity of the investigated cross-sections of excitation of isomeric states in the 110Pd(y,n)109m,gPd and 110Pd(n,2n)109m,gPd reactions in the energy range 12–35 MeV is studied. The experimental results are compared with those of calculations carried out using the software package TALYS-1.6.

7

Bosch, J. K., and A. P. Du Plessis. "Die toepassing en gebruik van finansiele verhoudingsgetalle: 'n Verkenningstudie." South African Journal of Business Management 25, no. 1 (March 31, 1994): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v25i1.836.

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In this article the de facto use of financial ratios is reported on. To identify meaningful financial ratios, information was obtained from 166 enterprises on the use of financial ratios. The Likert scale was used to establish the frequency of use of the following categories of financial ratios, namely return on assets, income margins, capital turnover, solvency and ratios derived from the cash flow statement. In total, 41 financial ratios were submitted to the respondents. The most important findings were: Income margins are by far the group ratios with the highest frequency of use along with the debtors collection period. Further, with the help of a multiple analysis of variance, it was established that the main activities and size of respondents had no influence on the use of specific categories of financial ratios. Finally, the findings of a factor analysis indicated noticeable similarities between theoretical groupings of financial ratios and the results of the empirical study.

8

Zhang, Lin, Lijuan Liu, Kaiwen Pan, Wei Li, Yanjie Wang, Mingrui Deng, Jiguo Xia, and Xu Yang. "Post-wildfire soil and plant foliar nutrient ratios and soil fungi : bacterial ratios in alpine meadows on the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau." International Journal of Wildland Fire 24, no. 7 (2015): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf14147.

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Wildfire is increasingly considered as a common ecological phenomenon in grassland. However, little is known about its effects on soil and plant nutrient ratios, especially in alpine ecosystems where wildfires are common. In the present study, nutrient ratios of the post-wildfire surface soil (0–5 cm) and nine dominant plant species leaves, in addition to soil fungi : bacterial ratios (F : B ratios), were investigated in the alpine meadows on the south-eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, approximately 20 months after a high-severity wildfire. The results indicated that the burned sites had lower soil nitrogen : phosphorus (N : P) and nitrogen : potassium (N : K) ratios compared with unburned sites. Moreover, foliar N concentrations were lower on burned than unburned sites, but foliar N : P ratios were not different. Compared with the unburned sites, greater foliar K concentrations and lower N : K ratios were observed in burned sites. The idiosyncratic responses of foliar nutrient ratios to wildfire varied greatly, especially N and related nutrient ratios with plant species. Soil F : B ratios were positively correlated with soil C : N and C : P ratios, whereas they were negatively correlated with soil N : P and N : K ratios. The results of the present study suggest that there is reduced supply capacity of soil N for plants relative to soil P and K in the post-fire alpine meadow, which could have potential ecological implications in this region.

9

Stuchbery, A. E., G. J. Lampard, and H. H. Bolotin. "Gyromagnetic ratios in the transitional nuclei 144,146,148,150Nd." Nuclear Physics A 516, no. 1 (September 1990): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(90)90052-n.

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10

Khrabrov, A. "Volume ratios for Cartesian products of convex bodies." St. Petersburg Mathematical Journal 32, no. 5 (August 31, 2021): 905–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/spmj/1676.

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The paper is devoted to the behavior of volume ratios, the modified Banach–Mazur distance, and the vertex index for sums of convex bodies. It is shown that sup d ( A ⊕ K , B ⊕ L ) ≥ sup ∂ ( A ⊕ K , B ⊕ L ) ≥ c ⋅ n 1 − k + k ′ 2 n , \begin{equation*} \sup d (\mathrm {A}\oplus \mathrm {K},\mathrm {B}\oplus \mathrm {L}) \geq \sup \partial (\mathrm {A}\oplus \mathrm {K},\mathrm {B}\oplus \mathrm {L}) \geq c \cdot n^{1-\frac {k+k’}{2n}}, \end{equation*} if K ⊂ R n \mathrm {K}\subset \mathbb {R}^n and L ⊂ R k \mathrm {L}\subset \mathbb {R}^k are convex and symmetric (the supremum is taken over all symmetric convex bodies A ⊂ R n − k \mathrm {A}\subset \mathbb {R}^{n-k} and B ⊂ R n − k ′ ) \mathrm {B}\subset \mathbb {R}^{n-k’}) . Furthermore, some examples are discussed that show that the available extimates of the vertex index in terms of the volume ratio are not sharp.

11

Berend, Daniel, and Rishi Kumar. "Consecutive Ratios in Second-Order Linear Recurrence Sequences." Uniform distribution theory 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 51–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/udt-2022-0012.

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Abstract Let (a n )n=0 ∞ be a second-order linear recurrence sequence with constant coefficient. We study the limit points and asymptotic distribution of the sequence of consecutive ratios a n +1/a n .

12

Li, Peiyun, Wenxi Sun, Jiulong Li, Ju-Peng Chen, Xinyue Wang, Zi Mei, Guanyu Jin, et al. "N-type semiconducting hydrogel." Science 384, no. 6695 (May 3, 2024): 557–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adj4397.

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Hydrogels are an attractive category of biointerfacing materials with adjustable mechanical properties, diverse biochemical functions, and good ionic conductivity. Despite these advantages, their application in electronics has been restricted because of their lack of semiconducting properties, and they have traditionally only served as insulators or conductors. We developed single- and multiple-network hydrogels based on a water-soluble n-type semiconducting polymer, endowing conventional hydrogels with semiconducting capabilities. These hydrogels show good electron mobilities and high on/off ratios, enabling the fabrication of complementary logic circuits and signal amplifiers with low power consumption and high gains. We demonstrate that hydrogel electronics with good bioadhesive and biocompatible interface can sense and amplify electrophysiological signals with enhanced signal-to-noise ratios.

13

Huang, Xiaolong, and Dunjiu Cai. "Systematics of Isomeric Cross-Section Ratios for (n,2n), (n, p), (n, α) Reactions at 14.5 MeV." Nuclear Science and Engineering 125, no. 3 (March 1997): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nse97-a24282.

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14

Kraus, H. T., S. L. Warren, G. J. Bjorkquist, A. W. Lowder, C. M. Tchir, and K. N. Walton. "Nitrogen:Phosphorus:Potassium Ratios Affect Production of Two Herbaceous Perennials." HortScience 46, no. 5 (May 2011): 776–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.5.776.

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A series of experiments were undertaken to determine the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) concentrations and N:P:K ratio on flowering and vegetative growth of two herbaceous perennials, Hibiscus moscheutos L. (hibiscus) and Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii Ait. ‘Goldsturm’ (rudbeckia). Plant growth and flowering of both hibiscus and rudbeckia were influenced by concentration and ratio of N, P, and K. When N was held constant at 100 mg·L−1, 4:1 N:K (25 mg·L−1 K) and 16:1 N:P (6.3 mg·L−1 P) were optimal for growing hibiscus, whereas higher K concentration (1:2 N:K, 200 mg·L−1 K) and lower P concentration (32:1 N:P, 3.1 mg·L−1 N) were required for optimal growth of rudbeckia. However, when holding N constant at 100 mg·L−1 and varying both P and K in the fertilizer solutions, higher P and K concentrations and a 2:1:2 (50 mg·L−1 P, 100 mg·L−1 K) N:P:K ratio best supported hibiscus growth, whereas 3:1:2 (33 mg·L−1 P, 66 mg·L−1 K) N:P:K was needed for growth of rudbeckia. Finally, when both N concentration and N:P:K ratio were altered, optimum growth of both hibiscus and rudbeckia was achieved at similar and lower P and K concentrations (25 mg·L−1 P and 50 mg·L−1 K) and 200 mg·L−1 N. An 8:1:2 N:P:K ratio was optimum for production of both hibiscus and rudbeckia, although 12:1:2 N:P:K (200 mg·L−1 N, 17 mg·L−1 P, 33 mg·L−1 K) produced similar growth of rudbeckia. Based on results of these two herbaceous perennials, it appears herbaceous perennials have N requirements similar to annual plants and P and K requirements similar to woody plants. Furthermore, the two herbaceous perennials used in this study required nutrients in the fertilizer solution at a higher N:P:K ratio than either annual or woody plants. Foliar concentrations of 2.2% N, 0.4% P, and 1.9% K were adequate for growth of hibiscus, whereas 2.4% N, 0.2% P, and 2.6% K were required to maximize growth of rudbeckia.

15

Diamond, G. "Pros and cons of result-specific likelihood ratios." Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 45, no. 11 (November 1992): 1338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0895-4356(92)90176-n.

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16

Broughton, K. Shane, and John W. Wade. "Total Fat and (n-3):(n-6) Fat Ratios Influence Eicosanoid Production in Mice." Journal of Nutrition 132, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.1.88.

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17

Ting, T. C. T., and D. M. Barnett. "Negative Poisson’s Ratios in Anisotropic Linear Elastic Media." Journal of Applied Mechanics 72, no. 6 (February 28, 2005): 929–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2042483.

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Poisson’s ratio for an anisotropic linear elastic material depends on two orthogonal directions n and m. Materials with negative Poisson’s ratios for all (n,m) pairs are called completely auxetic while those with positive Poisson’s ratios for all (n,m) pairs are called nonauxetic. Simple necessary and sufficient conditions on elastic compliances are derived to identify if any given material of cubic or hexagonal symmetry is completely auxetic or nonauxetic. When these conditions are not satisfied, the medium is auxetic for some (n,m) pairs. Several simple necessary conditions for completely auxetic or nonauxetic media are derived for a general anisotropic elastic material.

18

Buyalo, S. "Symmetries of double ratios and an equation for Möbius structures." St. Petersburg Mathematical Journal 33, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/spmj/1688.

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Orthogonal representations η n : S n ↷ R N \eta _n\colon S_n\curvearrowright \mathbb {R}^N of the symmetric groups S n S_n , n ≥ 4 n\ge 4 , with N = n ! / 8 N=n!/8 , emerging from symmetries of double ratios are treated. For n = 5 n=5 , the representation η 5 \eta _5 is decomposed into irreducible components and it is shown that a certain component yields a solution of the equations that describe the Möbius structures in the class of sub-Möbius structures. In this sense, a condition determining the Möbius structures is implicit already in symmetries of double ratios.

19

Koóš, Miroslav, and Harry S. Mosher. "Isopropylidenation of L-arabinose N,N-dimethylhydrazone." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 50, no. 9 (1985): 1994–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19851994.

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Direct isopropylidenation of L-arabinose N,N-dimethylhydrazone (I) was studied. Four major products whose structures were proven were produced in varying ratios depending upon the conditions. 2,2-Dimethoxypropane and sulfuric acid at 20 °C gave a 36% yield of 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-L-arabinose N,N-dimethylhydrazone (II). Attempted aldol condensations directly on this hydrazone with paraformaldehyde were unsuccessful. This hydrazone was readily hydrolyzed to the corresponding protected aldehyde VI which underwent an aldol-Cannizzaro reaction to give the branched chain pentitol VII in high yield.

20

Duan, Yehui, Fengna Li, Lili Li, Juexin Fan, Xiaoming Sun, and Yulong Yin. "n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio is involved in regulating lipid metabolism and inflammation in pigs." British Journal of Nutrition 111, no. 3 (August 15, 2013): 445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114513002584.

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The objective of the present study was to investigate the optimal dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios that regulate lipid metabolism and inflammation in pigs. A total of ninety-six cross-bred (Large White × Landrace) growing-finishing pigs (73·8 (sem 1·6) kg) were chosen and fed one of the four isoenergetic diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 1:1, 2·5:1, 5:1 and 10:1. The growth performance of pigs fed the diet with an n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 5:1 was the best, but the group fed the diet with an n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 1:1 had the highest muscle mass and the lowest adipose tissue mass (P< 0·05). The concentrations of IL-6 and IL-1β of pigs fed the diet with an n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 1:1 were decreased compared with those of the other groups (P< 0·05). The concentration of adiponectin of pigs fed the diet with an n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 1:1 was also markedly decreased, but the concentration of leptin was increased compared with that of the groups fed the diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 5:1 and 10:1 (P< 0·05). Additionally, the optimal dietary ratios of n-6:n-3 PUFA of 1:1 and 5:1 markedly suppressed the expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes and proteins such as phosphoinositide-3-kinase-α, fatty acid transport protein-1 and PPARγ. They also significantly suppressed the expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6. The results indicated that the optimal n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 1:1 and 5:1 exerted beneficial effects on lipid metabolism and inflammatory system, leading to the availability of more energy and nutrients for high performance and homeostatic pathways.

21

Dwivedi, B. N., Anita Mohan, and A. K. Gupta. "Spectroscopic Diagnostics for N III Ion." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 154 (1996): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100030116.

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Spectroscopic diagnostics for the N III ion have been studied using an atomic model comprising of the first eleven energy levels. We have taken account of the various populating and depopulating mechanisms to solve the detailed balance equations to determine the level populations as a function of electron density and temperature. We then studied the line emissivity ratios as tools for density and temperature diagnostics. Density-sensitive and temperature-sensitive line emissivity ratios have been presented and their diagnostic applications to the solar atmosphere have been discussed with the help of available observations.

22

Buseva, Zh F., Sh G. Farahani, V. I. Razlutskij, E. A. Sysova, N. N. Maisak, K. V. Myagkova, and P. C. Frost. "Stoichiometry and planktonic communities structure in littoral and pelagic zones of two lakes with different trophic types in Belarus." Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus 66, no. 6 (January 3, 2023): 595–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8323-2022-66-6-595-604.

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Stoichiometric C : N : P ratios were compared between primary producers in littoral and pelagic ecosystems of mesotrophic relatively shallow lake Obsterno and shallow macrophyte covered low trophic lake Nobisto from May to October over the next two years. Elemental seston ratios of lake Obsterno revealed smaller differences between littoral and pelagic zones in comparison with lake Nobisto in 2017. During the studied period, in the both lakes, the seston C : N and C : P ratios were higher than the Redfield ratio (106 : 16 : 1 C : N : P) on most dates and N : P was always more than 16. Pelagic C : P and N : P ratios in lake Obsterno were the highest in May in 2017, July and September in 2018 with significant differences between littoral and pelagic zones. N : P ratios decreased in October but there were no significant differences among habitats. In lake Nobisto in 2018, seston C : P and N : P ratios increased from May to July in littoral and pelagic zones but then decreased in September to October. Our research shows differences in stoichiometric ratios in littoral and pelagic zones of these two lakes, which indicates food quality (seston C : N : P ratios) differences for zooplankton species depending on season and location.

23

Palakshamurthy, B. S., P. A. Suchetan, S. Sreenivasa, N. K. Lokanath, and T. Madhu Chakrapani Rao. "N-Ethyl-2,2-dimethyl-N-(3-methylphenyl)propanamide." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 70, no. 2 (January 29, 2014): o223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536814001718.

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In the title compound, C14H21NO, the conformation across the N—C(O) bond issyn-periplanar, the C—N—C—C torsion being −5.9 (5)°. The atoms of the ethyl group attached to the N atom are disordered over two sets of sites with occupancy ratios of 0.65 (2):0.35 (2) (CH2) and 0.689 (14):0.311 (14) (CH3)are linked by very weak C—H...O interactions formingC(8) chains along [001]. C—H...π interactions link the molecules along thec-axis direction.

24

Schwarcz, Henry P., and Harmeet Nahal. "Theoretical and observed C/N ratios in human bone collagen." Journal of Archaeological Science 131 (July 2021): 105396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2021.105396.

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25

NISHIDA, Norihide, Hitoshi KAWASAKI, Kazuo HONDA, and Norio HOSOKAWA. "Properties of TiNx films with different N/Ti atomic ratios." Journal of the Metal Finishing Society of Japan 38, no. 10 (1987): 483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj1950.38.483.

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26

Davydov, M. G., A. R. Mikhelev, and I. B. Rakhmanov. "Isomeric ratios of the yields of (γ,n) reactions on121,123Sb." Atomic Energy 84, no. 1 (January 1998): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02430658.

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27

Subramanyam, K., and M. Bhaskara Rao. "Analysis of odds ratios in 2 × n ordinal contingency tables." Journal of Multivariate Analysis 27, no. 2 (November 1988): 478–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-259x(88)90143-1.

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28

Prokhorov, Vasily A., Edward B. Saff, and Maxim Yattselev. "Ratios of Norms for Polynomials and Connected n-width Problems." Complex Analysis and Operator Theory 3, no. 2 (November 5, 2008): 501–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11785-008-0095-5.

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29

Güsewell, Sabine. "N : P ratios in terrestrial plants: variation and functional significance." New Phytologist 164, no. 2 (September 20, 2004): 243–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01192.x.

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Shaaban, A. F., A. A. Khalil, and N. N. Messiha. "Estimation of reactivity ratios of N-methacryloloxyphthalimide copolymers by1H NMR." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37, no. 7 (March 1989): 2051–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070370724.

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31

CRINGANU, JENICA. "INEQUALITIES ASSOCIATED WITH RATIOS OF GAMMA FUNCTIONS." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 97, no. 3 (April 23, 2018): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972718000138.

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We use properties of the gamma function to estimate the products$\prod _{k=1}^{n}(4k-3)/4k$and$\prod _{k=1}^{n}(4k-1)/4k$, motivated by the work of Chen and Qi [‘Completely monotonic function associated with the gamma function and proof of Wallis’ inequality’,Tamkang J. Math.36(4) (2005), 303–307] and Morticiet al.[‘Completely monotonic functions and inequalities associated to some ratio of gamma function’,Appl. Math. Comput.240(2014), 168–174].

32

Zhao, Xiaojie, Guihong Bi, Richard L. Harkess, and Eugene K. Blythe. "Effects of Different NH4:NO3 Ratios on Growth and Nutrition Uptake in Iris germanica ‘Immortality’." HortScience 51, no. 8 (August 2016): 1045–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.51.8.1045.

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The form of nitrogen (N) in fertilizer can influence plant growth, nutrient uptake, and physiological processes in the plant. However, few studies have been conducted on the effects of N form on tall bearded (TB) iris (Iris germanica L.). In this study, five NH4:NO3 ratios (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0) were applied to investigate the response of TB iris to different N form ratios. NH4:NO3 ratios in fertilizer did not affect the leaf, root, and rhizome dry weight, or total plant dry weight. Plant height and SPAD reading were affected by NH4:NO3 ratios in some months, but not over the whole growing season. Neither spring nor fall flowering was influenced by NH4:NO3 ratios. Across the whole growing season, leachate pH was increased by higher NH4:NO3 ratios. At the end of the growing season, concentrations of phosphorous (P), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) in leaf; calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), Mn, boron (B) in root; and N, P, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn in rhizome tissues were affected by NH4:NO3 ratios. Greater NH4:NO3 ratios increased the uptake of Fe, Mn, and Zn. The net uptake of N was unaffected by NH4:NO3 ratios, which indicates TB iris may not have a preference for either ammonium or nitrate N.

33

Journal, Baghdad Science. "Copolymerazaion of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidon with Acrylic Acid and Methylmethacrylate." Baghdad Science Journal 11, no. 1 (March 2, 2014): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.11.1.123-127.

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Low conversion copolymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidon M.W = (111.14) VP (monomer-1) has been conducted with acrylic acid AA and methymethacrylate MMA in ethanol at 70ºC , using Benzoyl peroxide BPO as initiator . The copolymer composition has been determined by elemental analysis. The monomer reactivity ratios have been calculated by the Kelen-Tudos and Finman-Ross graphical procedures . The derived reactivity ratios (r1 , r2 ) are : (0.51 , 4.85) for (VP / AA ) systems and (0.34 , 7.58) for (VP , MMA) systems , and found the reactivity ratios of the monomer AA , MMA is mor than the monomer VP in the copolymerization of (VP / AA) and (VP /MMA) systems respectly . The reactivity ratios values were used for microstructures calculation.

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Hamza, Rana R., Mahmoud A. Al-Issa, and Redha I. Al-Bayati. "Copolymerazaion of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidon with Acrylic Acid and Methylmethacrylate." Baghdad Science Journal 11, no. 1 (March 2, 2014): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2014.11.1.123-127.

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Low conversion copolymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidon M.W = (111.14) VP (monomer-1) has been conducted with acrylic acid AA and methymethacrylate MMA in ethanol at 70ºC , using Benzoyl peroxide BPO as initiator . The copolymer composition has been determined by elemental analysis. The monomer reactivity ratios have been calculated by the Kelen-Tudos and Finman-Ross graphical procedures . The derived reactivity ratios (r1 , r2 ) are : (0.51 , 4.85) for (VP / AA ) systems and (0.34 , 7.58) for (VP , MMA) systems , and found the reactivity ratios of the monomer AA , MMA is mor than the monomer VP in the copolymerization of (VP / AA) and (VP /MMA) systems respectly . The reactivity ratios values were used for microstructures calculation.

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Skaličan, Zdeněk, Zbyněk Kobliha, and Emil Halámek. "Ion-Associates of N,N-Diethyllysergamide with Some Sulfophthaleins and Azo Dyes." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 59, no. 3 (1994): 575–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19940575.

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Ion-associates of N,N-diethyllysergamide with the sulfophthaleins: Bromoxylenol Blue, Eriochrome Cyanine R, Xylenol Blue, and Cresol Red, and the azo dyes: Acid Black I and Orange-I were studied by extraction spectrophotometry. The extraction recoveries, distribution ratios, conditional extraction constants and limits of detection and determination were calculated.

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Di, Dongliu, Shaokun Wang, Guangcai Chen, Qian Wang, Jingwei Zhang, Xiaoyun Niu, and Dazhuang Huang. "NH4+-N and Low Ratios of NH4+-N/NO3−-N Promote the Remediation Efficiency of Salix linearistipularis in Cd- and Pb-Contaminated Soil." Forests 15, no. 3 (February 22, 2024): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15030419.

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(1) Background: the utilization of fast-growing trees for phytoremediation in heavy-metal-contaminated soil is increasingly recognized as an effective remediation method. Nitrogen (N) fertilizer enhances plant tolerance to heavy metals, yet the impact of various N levels and ammonium (NH4+-N)/nitrate (NO3−-N) ratios on the remediation of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) by trees remains unclear. (2) Methods: the efficiency of Salix linearistipularis in remediating Cd- and Pb-contaminated soil was investigated using a pot experiment with three N levels (60, 120, 200 kg hm−1 year−1) and five NH4+-N/NO3−-N ratios (6/0, 4/2, 3/3, 2/4, 0/6) employed, resulting in 16 treatments including a control. (3) Results: the levels and ratios of NH4+-N/NO3−-N significantly affected the Cd and Pb uptake by S. linearistipularis. The highest increases in Cd and Pb in S. linearistipularis were observed for the N120-6/0 treatment, which increased by 104.36% and 95.23%, respectively. In addition, in the N120-6/0 treatment, the stem and leaf bioconcentration factors of Cd were significantly enhanced by 28.66% and 40.11%, respectively. Structural equation modeling revealed that the uptake of Cd and Pb was predominantly influenced by plant traits (biomass and root traits) rather than soil properties. (4) Conclusions: Our findings highlight the potential of the NH4+-N/NO3−-N ratio to regulate plant traits, thereby improving the phytoremediation efficiency of heavy-metal-contaminated soil.

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Richter, S., R. Eykens, H. Kühn, Y. Aregbe, A. Verbruggen, and S. Weyer. "New average values for the n(238U)/n(235U) isotope ratios of natural uranium standards." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 295, no. 1-2 (July 2010): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2010.06.004.

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Nawarathna, K. K. K., W. S. Dandeniya, R. S. Dharmakeerthi, and P. Weerasinghe. "Vegetable Crops Prefer Different Ratios of Ammonium-N and Nitrate-N in the Growth Media." Tropical Agricultural Research 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/tar.v32i1.8445.

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Ghorai, S. K., J. R. Williams, K. C. Haworth, and W. L. Alford. "The (n, 2n) isomeric cross section ratios and the (n, 2n) excitation function for 197Au." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 10-11 (May 1985): 392–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(85)90276-9.

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Martínez-Piña, Francisco, Ligia Gargallo, and Deodato Radić. "N-vinylimidazole-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone copolymers. Part I. Reactivity ratios, solubility and viscosimetric study." Polymer International 47, no. 3 (November 1998): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0126(199811)47:3<340::aid-pi64>3.0.co;2-t.

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Puttreddy, Rakesh, and Peter J. Steel. "Pyridine N-oxide: a hyperdentate argentophile." CrystEngComm 16, no. 4 (2014): 556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ce42030b.

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Campbell, C. A., and R. de Jong. "Root-to-straw ratios - influence of moisture and rate of N fertilizer." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 81, no. 1 (February 1, 2001): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s00-027.

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Root/straw ratios for crops are urgently required by scientists wishing to estimate crop residue inputs to soil and for modeling C and N dynamics in the soil-plant-atmosphere system. In this paper we discuss the influence of moisture and rates of N application on such ratios for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in the semi-arid region of the Canadian prairies. Under natural rainfall root/straw (nongrain aboveground material), ratios decreased with increasing rates of N, but under irrigation these ratios were generally constant. We estimated root/straw ratios for roots measured at anthesis (their maximum mass) and straw measured at maturity, under natural rainfall conditions, to be 0.36–0.58 if roots are assessed for the 0 - to 120-cm depth, 0.21–0.34 for the 0 - to 30-cm depth, and 0.15–0.26 for the 0- to 15-cm depth. Under natural rainfall, if roots are measured at maturity (as is commonly done), the corresponding ratios were 0.29–0.37, 0.15–0.21, and 0.10–0.15, for the respective depths. Under irrigation, the ratios when roots were measured at anthesis were 0.36, 0.24 and 0.19 for 0- to 120-cm, 0- to 30-cm and 0- to 15-cm rooting depths, respectively; but when roots were measured at maturity these ratios were 0.30, 0.17 and 0.13, respectively. We suggest that the values based on roots measured at anthesis provide a more accurate estimate of root C available for decomposition. We propose that the ratio used should be dependent on the depth to which changes in soil C or N are being measured. Key words: Soil organic C, roots, straw, fertilizer N, moisture

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Cleaver, G., and K. Tanaka. "Ratio of Quark Masses in Duality Theories." Modern Physics Letters A 18, no. 25 (August 20, 2003): 1743–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773230301140x.

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We consider N=2 SU(2) Seiberg–Witten duality theory for models with N f =2 and N f =3 quark flavors. We investigate arbitrary large bare mass ratios between two or three quarks at the singular points. For N f =2 we explore large bare mass ratios corresponding to a singularity in the strong coupling region. For N f =3 we determine the location of both strong and weak coupling singularities that produce specific large bare mass ratios.

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Bieske, E. J. "Photodissociation of (N2)+n clusters (2≤n≤7): Branching ratios for formation of N+2 and N+4, and N+2 fragment vibrational excitation." Journal of Chemical Physics 99, no. 11 (December 1993): 8672–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.465591.

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Bo, Fujing, Yunxiang Zhang, Han Y. H. Chen, Pingan Wang, Xuming Ren, and Jinping Guo. "The C:N:P Stoichiometry of Planted and Natural Larix principis-rupprechtii Stands along Altitudinal Gradients on the Loess Plateau, China." Forests 11, no. 4 (March 25, 2020): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11040363.

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Carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus (C:N:P) stoichiometry plays a critical role in nutrient cycling, biodiversity, and ecosystem functionality. However, our understanding of the responses of C:N:P stoichiometry to elevation and forest management remains elusive. Here we sampled 18 Larix principis-rupprechtii sites along altitudinal gradients (1700-2300 m) on Guandishan Mountain in the Loess Plateau, China. We determined the leaf, litter, and soil C N P contents and C:N:P stoichiometric ratios, as well as nutrient resorption efficiency (NuRE), and diameter at breast height (DBH) increments in both planted and natural stands, and then tested the impacts of elevation and stand origin on these parameters’ management. We found different C:N:P stoichiometry between natural and planted forests. The results revealed that: soil C, N, and N:P ratios, litter C:P and N:P ratios, leaf C:N and N:P ratios increased significantly; however, soil C:N ratios, litter P, leaf N and P, nitrogen resorption efficiency (NRE), and DBH increments decreased significantly with elevation in the planted forests. Soil C,N and N:P ratios, litter C, as well as C:N and C:P ratios increased significantly with elevation in natural forests. The soil N, P and N:P ratios, litter C:P and N:P ratios, leaf C, C:P and N:P ratios, nitrogen resorption efficiency (NRE), phosphorus resorption efficiency (PRE), and DBH increments were, on average, higher in the planted, rather than natural forests. Our results indicated that there was an enhancing P-limitation in both the planted and natural forests, and the plantations were more restricted by P. Moreover, compared to natural forests, plantations converged toward a higher conservative N- and P-use strategy by enhancing resorption efficiencies of internal nutrient cycling and a higher annual growth rate.

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Wang, Bo, and Qirong Shen. "NH4+-N/NO3−-N ratios on growth and NO3−-N remobilization in root vacuoles and cytoplasm of lettuce genotypes." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 91, no. 2 (April 2011): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps10044.

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Cringanu, Jenica. "New Improved Inequalities Associated with Ratios of Gamma Functions." Journal of Mathematics 2021 (September 22, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2008466.

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Cheng, Cong, Jiaxiang Yu, Lidong Wang, Haiyan Liang, Yanru Wang, and Xiaoli Yan. "Effects of the Cultivation Substrate pH and Ammonium-to-Nitrate Nitrogen Ratio on the C:N:P Stoichiometry in Leaves of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba." Forests 15, no. 6 (May 30, 2024): 958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15060958.

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We aimed to clarify the nutrient allocation strategies of Cunninghamia lanceolata (CL) and Schima superba (SS) and their differences in N uptake and utilization under acidic stress and heterogeneous allocation of N. One-year-old seedlings of CL and SS were cultured in sands with three pH levels (pH rate 4.5, 5.5, and 6.5) and five different N form ratios (NH4+-N to NO3−-N ratios 10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, and 0:10) in the greenhouse. The C, N, and P contents and C:N:P stoichiometry in leaves, total biomass, and NH4+-N and NO3−-N contents in the cultivation substrate were analyzed after 160 days. At the pH rate of 4.5, the N contents of CL and SS significantly decreased. However, the N contents of SS increased at the pH rate of 5.5. At the pH rate of 5.5, the N content of CL and SS increased under the cultivation substrate, with ratios of 10:0 and 7:3, and 3:7 and 0:10, respectively. The N content of CL was significantly positively correlated with its P content. The C:P ratios of CL and SS were significantly positively correlated with their C:N ratios and N:P ratios. Under the same treatment, the differences in C:N:P stoichiometry were more significant between CL and SS at the pH rate of 5.5. The NH4+-N content of the cultivation substrate in CL and SS was higher than the NO3−-N content. At the ratio of 7:3, the C:N stoichiometric ratio of CL and C:N:P stoichiometric ratio of SS were negatively correlated with total biomass. At the pH rate of 5.5, cultivation environments with high NH4+-N and NO3−-N amount respectively increased the N content of CL and SS. The CL is susceptible to N limitation, and SS is susceptible to N and P limitation.

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Smagula, J. M., W. Litten, and S. Dunham. "Lowbush Blueberry Response to Different Phosphorus/Nitrogen Ratios." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 529d—529. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.529d.

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Lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) in three commercial fields were treated with 67.2 kg P/ha from triple super phosphate (TSP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), or diammonium phosphate (DAP) and compared to a control in a randomized complete-block design with 12 blocks. Correction of P deficiency by fertilizers with different ratios of P to N was assessed by leaf nutrient concentrations. Samples of stems collected in July from three 0.03-m2 quadrats per treatment plot indicated MAP and DAP had no effect on dry weight of stem tissue, but increased average dry weight of leaf tissue. P and N Leaf concentrations were raised to higher levels by MAP and DAP than by TSP. TSP had no effect on leaf N concentrations but raised leaf P concentrations compared to controls. Stem length, flower buds per stem and flower bud density were increased by both MAP and DAP, but not TSP. MAP and DAP increased fruit yield by about 340 kg/ha compared to the control.

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Mohammed, Ameen Hadi. "Studying Reactivity Relationships of Copolymers N-naphthylacrylamide with (Acrylicacid and Methylacrylate)." Baghdad Science Journal 16, no. 2 (June 2, 2019): 0345. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.16.2.0345.

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The organation ⁄monomer N-naphthylacrylamide (NAA) was prepared; subsequently the synthesized monomer was successfully copolymerized with acrylicacid (AA) and methylacrylate (MA) by free radical technique using dry benzene as solvent and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator. The overall conversion was kept low (≤ 10% wt/wt) for all studies copolymers samples. The synthesized monomer and copolymers were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and their thermal properties were studied by DSC and TGA. The copolymers compositions were determined by elemental analysis. Kelen-Tudes and Finmman-Ross graphical procedures were employed to determine the monomers reactivity ratios. The derived reactivity ratios (r1, r2) are: (0.048, 0.687) for (NAA-co-AA) and (0.066, 0.346) for (NAA-co-MA). Based on the average reactivity ratios, sequence distribution of monomers in the copolymers and the microstructure of copolymers were calculated by statistical method and found that these values are in agreement with the derived reactivity ratios.

Journal articles on the topic 'Ratios N'

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