Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ratios N

Academic literature on the topic 'Ratios N'

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Published: 8 June 2024

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Ratios N":

1

Makishima, Akio, and Akimasa Masuda. "Ce isotope ratios of N-type MORB." Chemical Geology 118, no. 1-4 (December 1994): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(94)90166-x.

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GREEN, A. M., and G. Q. LIU. "$N\bar N$ ANNIHILATION INTO TWO MESONS IN A RELATIVE D-STATE." Modern Physics Letters A 04, no. 26 (December 10, 1989): 2499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773238900280x.

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The branching ratios [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are calculated in a model that treats [Formula: see text] annihilation as a two step process- [Formula: see text] annihilation by the 3P0 vertex followed by meson-meson rescattering. This model, successful for other branching ratios, is now found to grossly underestimate these particular ratios. A possible reason for this is given.
3

Dolan, Stan. "Ratios in Heronian triangles." Mathematical Gazette 104, no. 560 (June 18, 2020): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mag.2020.41.

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Heronian triangles are triangles with integer sides and area. In [1], a classical result about squares in arithmetic progression was obtained by proving that it is not possible for the altitude of a Heronian triangle to divide the base in the ratio of 1 : 2. In this article we shall investigate general ratios of the form 1 : n, where n is a positive integer. These base ratios do not appear to have received previous attention despite the wealth of results about other aspects of Heronian triangles [2].
4

Simonne, E. H., J. N. McCrimmon, H. L. Scoggins-Mantero, and H. A. Mills. "254 KJELDAHL N:DUMAS N RATIOS FOR SELECTED CROPS." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 466b—466. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.466b.

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With recent advances in N analyzers, the Dumas method becomes more attractive as a replacement for Kjeldahl N. Kjeldahl N (K_N):Dumas N (D_N) ratios were determined for anthurium (A), orchid (O), fern (F) and turf (T). Dry tissues were ground to pass a 20-mesh seive. D_N was determined using 0.2 g of sample and a Leco FP-428. K_N was determined by digesting 0.4 g tissue with a CuO/TiO/K2SO4 catalyst and 10 mL H2SO4 at 450°C for 2 hr. Ammonium in the digest was assayed by colorimetry (Lachat analyzer). Overall (n=397 obs.), D_N was a good estimator of K_N: K_N = 0.90(p<0.01) D_N + 0.09(p=0.03), R2=0.93, over the 0.4-6.6 N range. K_N:D_N ratio was significantly (p<0.01) affected by plant type. Ratios of 0.85 for A, 0.92 for T, 0.99 for O, and 1.00 for F may be used to estimate K-N from D-N for the diagnosis of N nutrition, along with existing interpretative data.
5

Kurth, Mark J., Edward G. Brown, and Owen H. W. Decker. "N-Methyloxazolinium salts: diastereomer ratios by proton NMR." Journal of Organic Chemistry 50, no. 24 (November 1985): 4984–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00224a073.

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Palvanov, S., and T. Akhmadzhanov. "Isomeric Ratios 109m,gPd in the (γ, n) and (n, 2n) Reactions." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 66, no. 6 (July 6, 2021): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe66.6.461.

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The method of induced activity of the investigated cross-sections of excitation of isomeric states in the 110Pd(y,n)109m,gPd and 110Pd(n,2n)109m,gPd reactions in the energy range 12–35 MeV is studied. The experimental results are compared with those of calculations carried out using the software package TALYS-1.6.
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Bosch, J. K., and A. P. Du Plessis. "Die toepassing en gebruik van finansiele verhoudingsgetalle: 'n Verkenningstudie." South African Journal of Business Management 25, no. 1 (March 31, 1994): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v25i1.836.

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In this article the de facto use of financial ratios is reported on. To identify meaningful financial ratios, information was obtained from 166 enterprises on the use of financial ratios. The Likert scale was used to establish the frequency of use of the following categories of financial ratios, namely return on assets, income margins, capital turnover, solvency and ratios derived from the cash flow statement. In total, 41 financial ratios were submitted to the respondents. The most important findings were: Income margins are by far the group ratios with the highest frequency of use along with the debtors collection period. Further, with the help of a multiple analysis of variance, it was established that the main activities and size of respondents had no influence on the use of specific categories of financial ratios. Finally, the findings of a factor analysis indicated noticeable similarities between theoretical groupings of financial ratios and the results of the empirical study.
8

Zhang, Lin, Lijuan Liu, Kaiwen Pan, Wei Li, Yanjie Wang, Mingrui Deng, Jiguo Xia, and Xu Yang. "Post-wildfire soil and plant foliar nutrient ratios and soil fungi : bacterial ratios in alpine meadows on the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau." International Journal of Wildland Fire 24, no. 7 (2015): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf14147.

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Wildfire is increasingly considered as a common ecological phenomenon in grassland. However, little is known about its effects on soil and plant nutrient ratios, especially in alpine ecosystems where wildfires are common. In the present study, nutrient ratios of the post-wildfire surface soil (0–5 cm) and nine dominant plant species leaves, in addition to soil fungi : bacterial ratios (F : B ratios), were investigated in the alpine meadows on the south-eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, approximately 20 months after a high-severity wildfire. The results indicated that the burned sites had lower soil nitrogen : phosphorus (N : P) and nitrogen : potassium (N : K) ratios compared with unburned sites. Moreover, foliar N concentrations were lower on burned than unburned sites, but foliar N : P ratios were not different. Compared with the unburned sites, greater foliar K concentrations and lower N : K ratios were observed in burned sites. The idiosyncratic responses of foliar nutrient ratios to wildfire varied greatly, especially N and related nutrient ratios with plant species. Soil F : B ratios were positively correlated with soil C : N and C : P ratios, whereas they were negatively correlated with soil N : P and N : K ratios. The results of the present study suggest that there is reduced supply capacity of soil N for plants relative to soil P and K in the post-fire alpine meadow, which could have potential ecological implications in this region.
9

Stuchbery, A. E., G. J. Lampard, and H. H. Bolotin. "Gyromagnetic ratios in the transitional nuclei 144,146,148,150Nd." Nuclear Physics A 516, no. 1 (September 1990): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(90)90052-n.

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Khrabrov, A. "Volume ratios for Cartesian products of convex bodies." St. Petersburg Mathematical Journal 32, no. 5 (August 31, 2021): 905–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/spmj/1676.

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The paper is devoted to the behavior of volume ratios, the modified Banach–Mazur distance, and the vertex index for sums of convex bodies. It is shown that sup d ( A ⊕ K , B ⊕ L ) ≥ sup ∂ ( A ⊕ K , B ⊕ L ) ≥ c ⋅ n 1 − k + k ′ 2 n , \begin{equation*} \sup d (\mathrm {A}\oplus \mathrm {K},\mathrm {B}\oplus \mathrm {L}) \geq \sup \partial (\mathrm {A}\oplus \mathrm {K},\mathrm {B}\oplus \mathrm {L}) \geq c \cdot n^{1-\frac {k+k’}{2n}}, \end{equation*} if K ⊂ R n \mathrm {K}\subset \mathbb {R}^n and L ⊂ R k \mathrm {L}\subset \mathbb {R}^k are convex and symmetric (the supremum is taken over all symmetric convex bodies A ⊂ R n − k \mathrm {A}\subset \mathbb {R}^{n-k} and B ⊂ R n − k ′ ) \mathrm {B}\subset \mathbb {R}^{n-k’}) . Furthermore, some examples are discussed that show that the available extimates of the vertex index in terms of the volume ratio are not sharp.
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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Ratios N' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ratios N":

1

James, Randy. "Managing C/N ratios in horse manure utilization systems /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487859879937403.

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Hon, Gloudina Maria. "The role of N-6 and N-3 pufa ratios in the aetiology of multiple sclerosis." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1482.

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Thesis (MTech (BioMedical Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006
In multiple sclerosis (MS) the myelin sheaths surrounding the axons in the brain are mainly affected by the disease process. Myelin consists for the most part of lipids and proteins. An abnormality in essential fatty acid metabolism is known to be present in patients with MS (Horrobin, 1979), reflected in a high ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids in cell membranes. It has also been established previously that the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders is aggravated by excessive consumption of n-6 fatty acids relative to n-3 fatty acids (Guesnet et al., 2005),and it has been shown that ingesting a larger proportion of n-3 fatty acids could be crucial in the regulation of cellular physiology and in the prevention of pathologies such as autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Modern Western medical treatment for autoimmune diseases, which includes MS, involves the administration of immunosuppressive drugs, such as beta interferon, cortisone (prednisone), methotrexate and cytoxan, which reduce the effectiveness of the entire Immune system, and can have serious, sometimes life threatening, side effec1s (Perlmutter, 2006, htlp:/Iwww.msfac1s.org). It would therefore be of interest to investigate other options for treatment Although there is an extensive literature on fatly acids in MS, the actual details of the mechanisms of fatly add imbalances in MS have not been established. It would therefore be advisable to Investigate the abnormality of the MS cell membrane fatly acid profile. Previous studies focused on individual fatty acids, but it would be more relevant to investigate the relationships within and between the n-6 and n-3 series, and their effect on outcome, and to establish any possible cumulative effects, because the metabolism of fatty adds within the two series does have an effect on one another.
3

Huidobro, Munoz Laura Andrea. "Imbalances in N-6/N-3 PUFA ratios and inflammatory markers as predictors of gestational diabetes." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536864.

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4

Denis, Bacelar Ana Maria. "Isomeric ratios of high-spin states in neutron-deficient N≈126 nuclei produced in projectile fragmentation reactions." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2012. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/62edb7eb-7e42-4e1e-be42-6926ccf600d0.

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The population of high-spin isomeric states in neutron-deficient N≈126 nuclei has been studied in order to further understand the reaction mechanism of projectile fragmentation. The nuclei of interest were populated following projectile-fragmentation of a 1 GeV/A 238U beam on a 9Be target at GSI, Germany. The reaction products were selected and separated in the FRS FRagment Separator and brought to rest in an 8 mm plastic stopper placed at the focus of the RISING gamma-ray detector array. The results on the development of an add-back method for the RISING array are presented and discussed for source and in-beam data.
5

Herda, Pavel. "Ekonomická analýza společnosti Budějovický Budvar, n. p." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-198091.

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This master's thesis deals with economic analysis of Budweiser Budvar, NC. The aim of this analysis is to assess the economic situation of this brewery since 2007 to 2012. The basic principles and methods of economic analysis are explained in the theoretical part. It means especially methods of financial analysis, such as analysis of the balance sheet and profit and loss statement, financial ratios, economic value added or overall models of vitality of business. The particular economic analysis is performed in the practical part. It includes market analysis and comparison to main competitors. The thesis shows that the profitability of brewery Budweiser Budvar, NC, is below-average, especially if related to figures of its key competitors, on the other hand it is very stable and liquid company.
6

Makhoul-Karam, Noha. "Calcul en Tranches de Temps, Redimensionnement & Schéma Parallèle en Temps par la Méthode des Ratios." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743132.

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Récemment, beaucoup de schémas parallèles en temps ont et e propos es pour résoudre des problèmes a valeur initiale de la forme (S): dY dt = F(Y ); Y (t0) = Y0, pouvant résulter, par exemple, de la semi-discretisation en espace d'équations aux derivees partielles. L'intégration des problèmes d'évolution étant naturellement séquentielle, de tels schémas ont pour principale motivation de résoudre des problèmes en temps réel ou de se superposer a un parallélisme a travers l'espace ou la méthode et ce, pour un usage plus efficace des machines fortement parallèles disponibles actuellement. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons l'algorithme RaPTI, qui permet de paralléliser en temps la résolution du problème (S), lorsque le comportement de la solution est connu. Une méthode de calcul par tranches est a la base de ce nouveau schéma. Elle consiste en (i) une procédure de génération de tranches de temps basée sur une condition de n de tranche que la solution doit vérifer et (ii) un redimensionnement de la variable temps et de la solution qui les initialise a zéro au début de chaque tranche de temps. Ainsi, la résolution de (S) devient équivalente a la résolution d'une suite de problèmes redimensionnes a valeur initiale et avec condition de fi n de tranche, donnant a la fois la solution sur chacune des tranches et le temps de fin de tranche. L'algorithme RaPTI utilise donc cette méthodologie, et certaines propriétés de similarité qui en découlent, pour générer la grille de temps grossière et fournir des prédictions au moyen d'une méthode de ratios. La procédure de correction se fait ensuite, sur une grille de temps fine, en résolvant en parallèle les systèmes redimensionnes. Ceci conduit a des sauts sur la grille de temps grossière. Les prédictions sont alors corrigées et le processus est itéré jusqu'à ce que tous les sauts soient inférieurs a une certaine tolérance. L'originalité de l'algorithme RaPTI réside dans le fait que les prédictions, et leur corrections a chaque itération, ne nécessitent aucune résolution sur la grille de temps grossière, contrairement aux autres schémas parallèles en temps. De plus, il ne commence pas par un choix de la grille grossière, mais plutôt par le choix d'une condition de fin de tranche qui va générer cette grille de façon bien adaptée au comportement de la solution. L'algorithme RaPTI est applique, dans cette thèse a trois problèmes: un problème de membrane, un problème de reaction-diffusion et un calcul de trajectoire de satellite dans un mouvement perturbe en J2. Dans quelques rares cas d'invariance, il conduit a un parallélisme parfait. Dans les cas plus courants de similarité asymptotique ou faible, il donne de bons speed-ups.
7

Meyer, Anne. "Étude expérimentale des réactions ¹³N(a,p)¹⁶O et ³⁰P(p,g)³¹S, et impact sur les abondances isotopiques extrêmes en ¹³C, ¹⁵N et ³⁰Si dans les grains pré-solaires." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS013.

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On retrouve dans les météorites primitives des grains qui se sont condensés dans différents environnements stellaires et sont restés intacts après la formation du système solaire. L'identification du site d'origine de ces grains pré-solaires est effectuée grâce à la comparaison entre les abondances isotopiques mesurées et celles prédites par les modèles stellaires. Nous présentons dans ce manuscrit les analyses de deux expériences effectuées à l'installation ALTO avec le spectromètre magnétique split-pole, visant à réduire les incertitudes associées à deux réactions jouant un rôle dans la production des isotopes utilisés pour identifier les grains de novæ. Ces derniers sont caractérisés par des abondances extrêmes en ¹³C, ¹⁵N et ³⁰Si, mais la découverte dans certains grains d'isotopes caractéristiques de la nucléosynthèse dans les supernovæ à effondrement de coeur (CCSN) a remis en question cette origine. La première étude concerne l'impact du taux de la réaction ¹³N(a,p)¹⁶O sur les abondances en ¹³C prédites par de récents modèles de CCSN. Nous procédons à une ré-évaluation du taux de cette réaction en utilisant une méthode Monte Carlo pour obtenir des incertitudes statistiques. Les largeurs partielles alpha des états du noyau composé ¹⁷F sont déterminées en se basant sur les propriétés des états analogues du noyau miroir ¹⁷O qui ont été mesurées en utilisant la réaction de transfert alpha ¹³C(7Li,t)¹⁷O. Nous nous intéressons ensuite à la réaction ³⁰P(p,g)³¹S, qui est une des dernières réactions dont l'incertitude du taux a un impact important sur les prédictions faites par les modèles de novæ classiques, notamment des abondances en ³⁰Si. Pour réduire les incertitudes sur les propriétés spectroscopiques du noyau composé ³¹S, une étude de la réaction ³¹P(³He,t)³¹S a été effectuée. Les tritons et les protons de décroissance venant des états peuplés du ³¹S ont été détectés simultanément à l'aide du spectromètre et de détecteurs silicium à pistes. L'étude des corrélations angulaires proton est présentée et les rapports de branchement extraits
Primitive meteorites contain several types of dust grains that condensed in different stellar environments and survived destruction in the early Solar System. The stellar sources where these presolar grains come from are identified through comparisons between measurements of isotopic abundances and predictions by stellar models. In this manuscript is presented a detailed analysis of two experiments performed at the ALTO facility, using the split-pole magnetic spectrometer, aiming at reducing the nuclear uncertainties associated to two reactions which rate uncertainty affects the synthesis of isotopes used to identify putative novae grains. These grains are characterised by extremely high ¹³C, ¹⁵N and ³⁰Si isotopic abundances, but isotopic signatures found in a few grains indicate also a possible core-collapse supernovae (CCSN) origin. We first study the impact of the ¹³N(a,p)¹⁶O reaction rate uncertainty on ¹³C abundances predicted by recent CCSN models. We perform a re-evaluation of this reaction rate using a Monte Carlo approach to obtain meaningful statistical uncertainties. Alpha partial widths of states in the ¹⁷F compound nucleus are determined using the spectroscopic informations of the analog states in the ¹⁷O mirror nucleus that were measured using the ¹³C(7Li,t)¹⁷O alpha-transfer reaction. We then study the ³⁰P(p,g)³¹S reaction, which is one of the few remaining reactions which rate uncertainty has a strong impact on classical novae model predictions, in particular for ³⁰Si abundances. To reduce the nuclear uncertainties associated to this reaction, we studied the ³¹P(³He,t)³¹S reaction. Triton and proton decays from the populated states in ³¹S were detected simultaneously using the spectrometer and silicon strip detectors. The study of the angular correlations of proton decays is presented and branching ratios are extracted
8

Mahajan, Thejus. "Excitation and fragmentation of CnN⁺ (n=1-3) molecules in collisions with He atoms at intermediate velocity ; fundamental aspects and application to astrochemistry." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS311/document.

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Dans cette thèse nous avons étudié des collisions entre des projectiles CnN⁺ (n=0,1,2,3) et des atomes d’Hélium à vitesse intermédiaire (2.25 u.a). A cette vitesse, proche de la vitesse des électrons sur les couches de valence externe des atomes et molécules, de nombreux processus électroniques prennent place avec une forte probabilité : ionisation (simple et multiple), excitation électronique, capture d’électron (simple et double). Nous avons mesuré les sections efficaces absolues de tous ces processus. Un autre aspect intéressant de la collision concerne la fragmentation des molécules excitées, que nous avons également mesurée précisément grâce à un dispositif dédié. Les expériences ont été effectuées auprès de l’accélérateur Tandem d’Orsay avec des faisceaux de quelques MeV d’énergie cinétique. Le dispositif AGAT a permis de réaliser les collisions (en condition de collision unique) et de mesurer tout à la fois les sections efficaces des processus et la fragmentation associée. Parallèlement nous avons simulé ces collisions d’un point de vue théorique en utilisant le modèle à Atomes et Electrons Indépendants (IAE) couplé à des calculs CTMC (Classical trajectory Monte Carlo). Sur cette base, nous avons prédit les sections efficaces qui se sont trouvées être en bon accord avec les mesures, à l’exception de la double capture d’électrons. Par ailleurs les rapports de branchement de dissociation des CnN⁺ après excitation électronique sont bien reproduits en utilisant la distribution d’énergie interne des espèces calculées avec le même modèle IAE/CTMC. Ces expériences nous ont permis de construire des « Breakdown Curves » (BDC), véritables cartes d’identité des molécules qui permettent de prévoir, dans le cadre d’une fragmentation statistique comment va fragmenter un système dont on connait l’énergie interne. Avec ces BDC nous avons pu prédire et recommander des rapports de branchement pour des voies de sortie de processus physiques et chimiques d’intérêt astrochimique. Ces données seront insérées dans la base internationale d'astrochimie the Kinetic Data Base for Astrochemistry KIDA. Cette thèse a été réalisée dans le cadre de l’Ecole Doctorale Ondes et Matière (EDOM) à l’Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay (ISMO), à l’Université Paris-Sud Paris Saclay
This thesis studies the aftermath of collision between singly positively charged Nitrogenated carbon species CnN⁺ (n=0,1,2,3) and neutral Helium atom at a velocity of 2.25 au. At this velocity, close to the velocity of outer electrons in atoms and molecules, several electronic processes take place and are near their maximum of probability such as ionisation (single, double, triple …), electronic excitation and electron capture (single and double). We looked at their cross sections and how their evolution with the molecule size. Following the collision the molecule can fragment, which leads to another interesting aspect, the fragmentation branching ratios. Collision experiments were done using a Tandem accelerator at Orsay that produced the CnN⁺ projectiles and a dedicated set-up, AGAT, to capture the flying fragments/intact molecule after collision according to their charge to mass ratio. Knowing the number of particles that are shot and the fact that our set-up allows no loss of fragments/intact molecule, we could get the probabilities of various fragments formed. Using these probabilities and a knowledge of the Helium jet profile used, we could measure their cross sections. The probabilities alone are sufficient to obtain the fragmentation branching ratios.The next step was to use a theoretical model to simulate the collision. We used Independent Atom and Electron (IAE) model coupled with Classical Trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) method to calculate the desired cross sections. A general good agreement was obtained, with the exception of double electron capture. The model could also predict, through the calculation of the species internal energy, the fragmentation branching ratios of cations CnN⁺ after electronic excitation. Also, the branching ratios were used to construct semi-empirical Breakdown Curves (BDCs), which are internal energy dependent dissociation branching ratios specific to each molecule, type, size and charge. With those, we could recommend products branching ratios to be used for various processes of astrochemical interest. The products branching ratios will be made available for a wider network of researchers under the international Kinetic Database for Astrochemistry (KIDA).This thesis was realized under the doctoral programme of Ecole Doctorale Ondes et Matiere (EDOM) with Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay (ISMO) where the author was given an office and Université Paris-Sud where the author is formally enrolled
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Zerrouki, Thileli. "Triaxialité et coexistence de forme dans les noyaux proches de la fermeture de couche N = 82 : évolution de forme et rotation magnétique dans ¹⁴¹Nd." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112069/document.

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Ce travail de thèse a été consacré à l'étude des noyaux avec quelques trous dans la fermeture de couche N = 82, qui présente une très riche variété d'excitations à hauts spins. La particularité de ces noyaux est la présence de coexistence de forme (sphérique et/ou triaxiale) à des spins très élevés. Durant ma thèse, j’ai analysé une expérience effectuée avec le multidétecteur Euroball à l’IPHC (Strasbourg) pour l'étude des états de haut spin dans le noyau ¹⁴¹Nd, peuplé en utilisant la réaction de fusion-évaporation : ⁹⁶Zr (⁴⁸Ca, 3n). Nous avons identifié plusieurs bandes à spin élevé et développé le schéma de niveaux jusqu'à une énergie d'excitation et spin de l’ordre de 19 MeV et 81/2⁻ respectivement, qui sont bien plus élevés par rapport à celui publié précédemment (9.4 MeV et 49/2h). Trois nouvelles bandes dipôlaires et trois nouvelles bandes rotationnelles quadrupolaires ont été identifiées. La séquence principale yrast a aussi été étendue jusqu’au spin 61/2⁻.Nous avons réalisé des calculs théoriques détaillés des bandes observées, en intégrant, pour la première fois, les résultats qu’on a obtenus par les modèles Cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky (CNS) et Tilted Axis Cranking (TAC). Une interprétation cohérente de la plupart des bandes observées a été réalisée, qui semblent être basées sur des minimas d’énergies presque sphérique pour les séquences principales, légèrement déformée pour les bandes dipoalires et triaxiale déformée pour les bandes quadrupolaires. La structure de niveau observée dans le noyau ¹⁴¹Nd révèle la capacité des noyaux avec quelques trous dans la fermeture de couche N = 82 à acquérir des formes différentes de tourner autour d'un axe principal ou d'un axe incliné par rapport au système de référence intrinsèque, comme dans le cas des noyaux ¹³⁸Nd et ¹⁴⁰Nd récemment étudiés par notre groupe. Tous ces résultats représentent donc un fort soutien à l'existence de la forme nucléaire triaxiale stable à hauts spins dans cette région de masse
This PhD work was devoted to the study of exotic nuclear rotation and stable triaxiality at very high spin. In, nuclei with a few holes in the N = 82 shell closure, which exhibit a large variety of excitations at medium and high spins. The peculiar feature of these nuclei is the existence of coexisting shapes, spherical and triaxial, up to very high spins.During my PhD I analyzed an experiment performed with the Euroball multidetector at IPHC (Strasbourg) for the study of high-spin states in ¹⁴¹Nd populated using the ⁹⁶Zr (⁴⁸Ca, 3n) fusion-evaporation reaction. We have identified several high-spin bands and developed the level scheme up to an excitation energy and spin of 19 MeV and 81/2⁻ , respectively, which are much higher than previously published (9.4 MeV and 49⁄2 ℏ). Three new dipole bands and three new ΔI = 2 rotational bands have been identified. The main yrast sequence was extended up to spin 61/2⁻.A detailed interpretation of the observed bands was performed, for the first time, using theoretical calculations with Cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky (CNS) and the Tilted Axis Cranking (TAC) models. A consistent interpretation of most of the observed bands was realized. They appear to be based on nearly spherical for the main sequence, slightly deformed for the dipole bands and triaxially deformed minima for the ΔI = 2 bands. The observed level structure of ¹⁴¹Nd reveals the capability of the nuclei with a few holes in the N = 82 shell closure to acquire different shapes and to rotate around a principal or a tilted axis relative to the intrinsic reference system, as in the case of the ¹³⁸Nd and ¹⁴⁰Nd nuclei recently studied by our group
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Mello, Mauricio Homem de. "N-acetilcisteina e dapsona: avaliação da toxicidade hematológica e bioquímica em ratos Wistar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60134/tde-17052007-163457/.

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A dapsona, fármaco de escolha no tratamento da hanseníase, induz hemotoxicidade que está diretamente relacionada à N-hidroxilação sofrida pelo fármaco, uma de suas principais vias de biotransformação, devido à formação de produtos reativos, as N-hidroxilaminas. Com o objetivo de se avaliar a influência da N-acetilcisteína na toxicidade hematológica e bioquímica da dapsona, foi administrado em ratos Wistar, por via intraperitoneal, 40 mg/kg de dapsona em monoterapia e associada à N-acetilcisteína na dose de 75 mg/kg, concomitantemente e previamente. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a interação entre a N-acetilcisteína e a dapsona potenciava a hemotoxicidade induzida pela dapsona, principalmente pelo incremento da porcentagem de metemoglobinemia. Em relação aos outros parâmetros estudados: glutationa, bilirrubina, lactato desidrogenase, hemograma completo, contagem de reticulócitos, fragilidade osmótica e dosagem de haptoglobina, os resultados encontrados foram controversos e pouco conclusivos. Os dados observados no presente trabalho permitiram evidenciar que a associação da N-acetilcisteína potenciou a hemotoxicidade da dapsona, como comprovado pelas análises estatísticas de variância (ANOVA), através do teste de Tukey-Kramer, com nível de significância fixado em p<0,05.
Dapsone is the choice drug to treat leprosy, but induces hemotoxicity. Its damage is directly related to N-hydroxylated metabolites. This is the principal route of metabolism for dapsone, and produces reactive compounds, N-hydroxylamines. To evaluate the influence of N-acetylcysteine on induced hematological and biochemical toxicity by dapsone, it was given to Wistar rats as a monotherapy, at 40 mg/kg or associated to N-acetylcysteine at 75 mg/kg, at the same time or previously. The obtained results shows that the interaction between N-acetylcysteine and dapsone increased the hemotoxicity induced by dapsone, mainly on the methemoglobin percentage increase. Regarding the other studied parameters: glutathione, bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), complete hemogram, reticulocytes counting, osmotic fragility and haptoglobin dosage, results were confusing and lack of conclusions. Data observed in this project allowed to affirm that N-acetylcysteine association improved the dapsone hemotoxicity as showed by statistical variance analysis (ANOVA), by Tukey-Kramer test, with confidence level fixed at p value <0,05.
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Books on the topic "Ratios N":

1

Veldman, A. E. P. Viscous-inviscid interaction, partitioned dynamical systems and i(n)te(g)ration. Amsterdam, Netherlands: National Aerospace Laboratory, 1989.

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G, Burns A., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Large enhancements in the O/N₂ ratio in the evening sector of the winter hemisphere during geomagnetic storms. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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W, Tucker James, and Middle Atlantic Conference, eds. Tariff MAC 343-N: Local, joint, proportional, coastwise, export and import class and commodity rates via all motor routes. Riverdale, MD (P.O. Box 397, Riverdale 20737): [s.n.], 1992.

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Washington (State). Office of Hospital and Patient Data. Gui a para los consumidores de servicios me dicos, regio n central de Washington: Costos de hospitalizacio n Enero 1, 1992-Diciembre 31, 1992. Olympia: Washington State Dept. of Health, Hospital & Patient Data, 1993.

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Clarke, Pauline. Creating independent student learners, grade: N-3: A practical guide to assessment for learning. Winnipeg: Portage & Main Press, 2006.

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Elford, Wade Bentley. The Effect of changing the nucleophile/substrate ratio on the structure of the Sn2 transition state for the n-butyl chloride-thiophenoxide ion reaction in DMF. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, 1985.

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Knecht, Caroline. The rock 'n' roll exterminator: A hip and happening guide to getting rid of rats, mice, bugs and other annoying creatures. New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2014.

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Lerup, Lars. After the city. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2000.

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Lerup, Lars. After the city. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2000.

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Grauwe, Paul de. International money: Postwar trends and theories. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ratios N":

1

Gray, David F. "The Buying Power of High Signal-to-Noise Ratios in Spectroscopy." In The Impact of Very High S/N Spectroscopy on Stellar Physics, 185–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2937-1_33.

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Sukhoruchkin, S. I., and Z. N. Soroko. "Energy levels and branching ratios for N-18 (Nitrogen-18)." In Tables of Excitations of Proton- and Neutron-Rich Unstable Nuclei, 74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75278-3_34.

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Dortch, Quay, Nancy N. Rabalais, R. Eugene Turner, and Naureen A. Qureshi. "Impacts of changing Si/N ratios and phytoplankton species composition." In Coastal and Estuarine Studies, 37–48. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ce058p0037.

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Watanabe, Nakamichi. "Enteral Diets and Parenteral Feedings with Different n-6/n-3 Ratios in Rats and Mice." In Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care, 1–4. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8503-2_154-1.

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Watanabe, Nakamichi. "Enteral Diets and Parenteral Feedings with Different n-6/n-3 Ratios in Rats and Mice." In Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care, 1729–32. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7836-2_154.

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Curtis, C. J., B. A. Emmett, B. Reynolds, and J. Shilland. "Nitrate Leaching from Moorland Soils: Can Soil C:N Ratios Indicate N Saturation?" In Biogeochemical Investigations of Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Wetland Ecosystems across the Globe, 359–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0952-2_25.

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Stockmann, Henning, Karen P. Coss, M. Estela Rubio-Gozalbo, Ina Knerr, Maria Fitzgibbon, Ashwini Maratha, James Wilson, Pauline Rudd, and Eileen P. Treacy. "IgG N-Glycosylation Galactose Incorporation Ratios for the Monitoring of Classical Galactosaemia." In JIMD Reports, 47–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/8904_2015_490.

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Leng, Melanie J., and Jonathan P. Lewis. "C/N ratios and Carbon Isotope Composition of Organic Matter in Estuarine Environments." In Applications of Paleoenvironmental Techniques in Estuarine Studies, 213–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-0990-1_9.

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Van Nieuwerburgh, Lies, Ingrid Wänstrand, and Pauli Snoeijs. "Growth and C:N:P ratios in copepods grazing on N- or Si-limited phytoplankton blooms." In Biology of the Baltic Sea, 57–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0920-0_5.

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Salinas Ruíz, Josafhat, Osval Antonio Montesinos López, Gabriela Hernández Ramírez, and Jose Crossa Hiriart. "Generalized Linear Mixed Models for Proportions and Percentages." In Generalized Linear Mixed Models with Applications in Agriculture and Biology, 209–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32800-8_6.

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AbstractIn this chapter, we will review generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) whose response can be either a proportion or a percentage. For proportion and percentage data, we refer to data whose expected value is between 0 and 1 or between 0 and 100. For the remainder of this book, we will refer to this type of data only in terms of proportion, knowing that it is possible to change it to a percentage scale only when multiplying it by 100. Proportions can be classified into two types: discrete and continuous. Discrete proportions arise when the unit of observation consists of N distinct entities, of which individuals have the attribute of interest “y. ”N must be a nonnegative integer and “y” must be a positive integer; here, y ≤ N. Therefore, the observed proportion must be a discrete fraction, which can take values $$ \frac{0}{N},\frac{1}{N},\cdots, \frac{N}{N} $$ 0 N , 1 N , ⋯ , N N . A binomial distribution is the sum of a series of m independent binary trials (i.e., trials with only two possible outcomes: success or failure), where all trials have the same probability of success. For binary and binomial distributions, the target of inference is the value of the parameter such that $$ 0\le E\left(\frac{y}{N}\right)=\pi \le 1 $$ 0 ≤ E y N = π ≤ 1 . Continuous proportions (ratios) arise when the researcher measures responses such as the fraction of the area of a leaf infested with a fungus, the proportion of damaged cloth in a square meter, the fraction of a contaminated area, and so on. As with the binomial parameter π, the continuous rates (fractions) take values between 0 and 1, but, unlike the binomial, the continuous proportions do not result from a set of Bernoulli tests. Instead, the beta distribution is most often used when the response variable is in continuous proportions. In the following sections, we will first address issues in modeling when we have binary and binomial data. When the response variable is binomial, we have the option of using a linearization method (pseudo-likelihood (PL)) or the Laplace or quadrature integral approximation (Stroup 2012).

Conference papers on the topic "Ratios N":

1

Tsoneva, N. "Isomeric ratios in odd N=81 isotones." In The tenth international symposium on capture gamma-ray spectroscopyand related topics. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1361476.

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Tang, Hai, and Gui-zhong Liu. "Cross Effects of Organic Loading Rates and Substrate COD/N/P Ratios on Aerobic Granulation." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5517370.

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KÖSTER, ULLI, HERBERT FAUST, THOMAS FRIEDRICHS, STEPHAN OBERSTEDT, GABRIELE FIONI, MARTIN GROß, and IRSHAD AHMAD. "TERNARY PARTICLES WITH EXTREME N/Z RATIOS FROM NEUTRON-INDUCED FISSION." In Pont d'Oye IV. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812793683_0008.

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EIDES, MICHAEL I., and TIMOTHY J. S. MARTIN. "UNIVERSALITY OF LEADING RELATIVISTIC CORRECTIONS TO BOUND STATE GYROMAGNETIC RATIOS." In Proceedings of the Memorial Workshop Devoted to the 80th Birthday of V N Gribov. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814350198_0038.

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Tsai, Shih-Chung. "Taguchi S/N Ratios and Direct Robustness Measurement for Computational Robust Design." In SAE 2006 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-0738.

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Bruce, A. M., and D. D. Warner. "E2/M1 mixing ratios in 196Pt from the 195Pt(n, γ)196Pt reaction." In AIP Conference Proceedings Volume 125. AIP, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.35135.

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Guo, Hongsheng, Hailin Li, and W. Stuart Neill. "A Study on the Performance of Combustion in a HCCI Engine Using n-Heptane by a Multi-Zone Model." In ASME 2009 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2009-14117.

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A study of n-heptane combustion in an HCCI engine was carried out by a multi-zone numerical simulation that covers a complete engine cycle. A reaction mechanism that includes 177 chemical species and 1638 reactions was used. The results of the numerical simulations were compared to existing experimental data for a range of air/fuel ratios, compression ratios and engine speeds. It is shown that the numerical simulation is able to reasonably capture the experimental cylinder pressure data over a wide range of operation conditions. It also provides a qualitative trend of CO emissions. The numerical simulation overpredicted the combustion at some operating conditions, such as at extremely high air/fuel ratios and higher engine speeds. Some differences were observed between the experimental and numerical data for NOX emissions. The numerical simulation predicted a monotonic decrease in NOX emissions as air/fuel ratio increased or compression ratio decreased, while an increase in NOX emissions was observed experimentally when combustion became very weak at extremely high air/fuel ratios or low compression ratios. It is suggested that further experiments and numerical simulations should be performed to explain this discrepancy.
8

Peng, Zhijun, Hua Zhao, and Nicos Ladommatos. "Effects of Air/Fuel Ratios and EGR Rates on HCCI Combustion of n-heptane, a Diesel Type Fuel." In SAE 2003 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-0747.

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Li, Hailin, W. Stuart Neill, Wally Chippior, and Joshua D. Taylor. "An Experimental Investigation of HCCI Combustion Stability Using N-Heptane." In ASME 2007 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2007-1757.

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In this paper, cyclic variations in the combustion process of a single-cylinder HCCI engine operated with n-heptane were measured over a range of intake air temperatures and pressures, compression ratios, air/fuel ratios, and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates. The operating conditions produced a wide range of combustion timings from overly advanced combustion where knocking occurred to retarded combustion where incomplete combustion was detected. Cycle-to-cycle variations were shown to depend strongly on the crank angle phasing of 50% heat release and fuel flow rate. Combustion instability increased significantly with retarded combustion phasing especially when the fuel flow rate was low. Retarded combustion phasing can be tolerated when the fuel flow rate is high. It was also concluded that the cyclic variations in imep are primarily due to the variations in the total heat released from cycle-to-cycle. The completeness of the combustion process in one cycle affects the in-cylinder conditions and resultant heat release in the next engine cycle.
10

Mann, Jonathan, Chris Currie, David Tice, and Norman Platts. "A Critical Review of Recent Fatigue Crack Growth Data in Relation to ASME Code Case N-809." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93563.

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Abstract ASME Code Case N-809 provides Fatigue Crack Growth (FCG) expressions for austenitic stainless steels operating in a primary water environment within a Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR). The code case currently contains different expressions for nominally low-carbon (304L, 316L) and conventional (304, 316) grades. Since the original work that provided the technical basis for N-809 was completed, an increased amount of FCG data has become available through industry testing, particularly for low-carbon stainless steels. A large database is now available that contains significantly more data than the one used in the original development of the code case. The data cover a wider range of testing conditions (temperature, loading rate, and mean stress) and represent a more diverse population of material types, including multiple heats. In this paper, the N-809 laws are re-analysed in terms of these new data, with a focus on each of the environmental dependencies that are currently included in the law. In particular, alternative R-ratio expressions from the literature are shown to provide an improved description of the effect of R-ratio for nominally low-carbon materials. The statistical distribution of FCG rates and the treatment of partially retarded data are also investigated as part of the derivation of revised descriptions of best-fit and bounding FCG rates. The analysis highlights a small amount of potential non-conservatism in the current N-809 description of best-fit FCG rates at higher R-ratios. The current description of upper-bounding behaviour is shown to still be valid, however significant over-conservatism exists at lower R-ratios.

Reports on the topic "Ratios N":

1

Smirnoff, A., J. Marion, M. M. Savard, and C. Bégin. Delta-15N analysis in tree rings: delivering accurate results from samples with high C/N ratios. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/305337.

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McDonagh, Marian S., Jesse Wagner, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Rongwei Fu, Benjamin Morasco, Devan Kansagara, and Roger Chou. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250.

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Objectives. To evaluate the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases, reference lists of included studies, submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to July 2021. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence. Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as high-THC to CBD ratio, comparable THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or synthetic. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square and the I2 test for inconsistency. Magnitude of benefit was categorized into no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From 2,850 abstracts, 20 RCTs (N=1,776) and 7 observational studies (N=13,095) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none of kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 75 percent enrolled patients with a variety of neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The strength of evidence (SOE) was low, unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in change in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=28%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=24%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 30% vs. 8%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 22% vs. 16%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.78, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=39%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=0%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12% vs. 6%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=0%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34). We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=50%; SOE: moderate). Evidence on whole-plant cannabis, topical CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) and study withdrawal due to adverse events with high- and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products in short-term treatment (1 to 6 months). Evidence for whole-plant cannabis, and other comparisons, outcomes, and PBCs were unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.
3

Chou, Roger, Jesse Wagner, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Benjamin J. Morasco, Devan Kansagara, Shelley Selph, Rebecca Holmes, and Rongwei Fu. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for iii Chronic Pain: 2022 Update. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250update2022.

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Objectives. To update the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain using a living systematic review approach. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases; reference lists of included studies; and submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to April 4, 2022. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence (SOE). Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as comparable THC to CBD ratio, high-THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or a synthetic product. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square test and the I2 statistic. Magnitude of benefit was categorized as no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From 3,283 abstracts, 21 RCTs (N=1,905) and 8 observational studies (N=13,769) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none evaluated kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 59 percent enrolled patients with neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The SOE was low unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in change in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=39%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=32%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation, and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 31.0% vs. 8.0%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 8.0% vs. 1.2%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.77, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390, 0 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=48%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=28%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12.3% vs. 6.1%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We also found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=40%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34); outcomes assessing benefit were not reported or insufficient. We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=58%; SOE: moderate). Evidence (including observational studies) on whole-plant cannabis, topical or oral CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products or between cannabis-related products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) with high- and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products during short-term treatment (1 to 6 months); high-THC to CBD ratio products were also associated with increased risk of withdrawal due to adverse events. Evidence for whole-plant cannabis and other comparisons, outcomes, and plant-based compounds was unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.
4

Chou, Roger, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Christina Bougatsos, Benjamin J. Morasco, Rebecca Holmes, Terran Gilbreath, and Rongwei Fu. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain: 2022 Update—Surveillance Report 2. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250.2022updatesr2.

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Abstract:
Objectives. To update the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain using a living systematic review approach. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases; reference lists of included studies; and submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to October 24, 2022. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence (SOE). Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as comparable THC to CBD ratio, high-THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or a synthetic product. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square test and the I2 statistic. Magnitude of benefit was categorized as no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From a total of 3,568 abstracts, 21 RCTs (N=1,905) and 9 observational studies (N=15,079) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none evaluated kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 60 percent enrolled patients with neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The SOE was low unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to 10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=39%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=32%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation, and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 31.0% vs. 8.0%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 8.0% vs. 1.2%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.77, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390, 0 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=48%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=28%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12.3% vs. 6.1%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We also found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=40%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34); outcomes assessing benefit were not reported or insufficient. We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=58%; SOE: moderate). Evidence (including observational studies) on whole-plant cannabis, topical or oral CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products or between cannabis-related products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) with high and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products during short-term treatment (1 to 6 months); high-THC to CBD ratio products were also associated with increased risk of withdrawal due to adverse events. Evidence for whole-plant cannabis and other comparisons, outcomes, and plant-based compounds was unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.
5

Tummala, Rohan, Andrew de Jesus, Natasha Tillett, Jeffrey Nelson, and Christine Lamey. Clinical and Socioeconomic Predictors of Palliative Care Utilization. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/com.lsp.2020.0006.

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INTRODUCTION: Palliative care continues to gain recognition among primary care providers, as patients suffering from chronic conditions may benefit from use of this growing service. OBJECTIVES: This single-institution quality improvement study investigates the clinical characteristics and socioeconomic status (SES) of palliative care patients and identifies predictors of palliative care utilization. METHODS: Retrospective chart review was used to compare clinical and SES parameters for three groups of patients: (1) palliative care patients who attended at least one visit since the inception of the University Clinical Health Palliative Care Clinic in Memphis, TN in October 2018 (n = 61), (2) palliative care patients who did not attend any appointments (n = 19), and (3) a randomized group of age-matched primary care patients seen by one provider from May 2018 to May 2019 (n = 36). A Poisson regression model with backward conditional variable selection was used to determine predictors of palliative care utilization. RESULTS: Patients across the three care groups did not differ in demographic parameters. Compared to palliative care-referred non-users and primary care patients, palliative care patients tended to have lower health risk (p < 0.001). Palliative care patients did not differ from primary care patients in socioeconomic status but did differ in comorbidity distribution, having a higher prevalence of cancer (𝜒2 = 14.648, df = 7, p = 0.041). Chance of 10-year survival did not differ across risk categories for palliative care patients but was significantly lower for very high-risk compared to moderate-risk primary care patients (30% vs. 78%, p = 0.019). Significant predictors of palliative care use and their corresponding incidence rate ratios (IRR) were hospital referral (IRR = 1.471; p = 0.039), higher number of prescribed medications (IRR = 1.045; p = 0.003), lower Charlson Comorbidity Index (IRR = 0.907; p = 0.003), and lower systolic blood pressure (IRR = 0.989; p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Patients who are expected to benefit from and of being high utilizers of palliative care may experience greater clinical benefit from earlier referral to this service.
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Cavia, Regino, Isabel G�mezVillafa�e, Olga Virginia Su�rez, Luciana Piudo, Juliana S�nchez, and Mart�n Monteverde. Rattus rattus. En: SAyDS�SAREM (eds.) Categorizaci�n 2019 de los mam�feros de Argentina seg�n su riesgo de extinci�n. Ciudad Aut�noma de Buenos aires: Lista Roja de los mam�feros de Argentina, November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31687/saremlr.19.620.

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7

Snyder, L. Study of a proposed fissionTPC measurement of 233U(n,f)/235U(n,f) Cross Section Ratio. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1894561.

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8

Chou, Roger, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Benjamin J. Morasco, Christina Bougatsos, Tracy Dana, Rongwei Fu, and Terran Gilbreath. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain: 2023 Update. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250update2023.

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Objectives. To update the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and other plant-based compounds to treat sub-acute and chronic pain in adults and adolescents using a living systematic review approach. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases; and reference lists of included studies were searched to April 23, 2023. Review methods. An updated protocol with expanded inclusion criteria (addition of sub-acute [4 to 12 weeks’ duration] pain and adolescents) was posted on the PROSPERO registry. We grouped studies based on their THC to CBD ratio and by product type, i.e. whole-plant (extracted or purified), or synthetic. We conducted random effects meta-analyses and categorized magnitude of benefit (large, moderate, small, or no effect [less than small]). Results. Two new RCTs (n=115 and 15) and two new observational studies (N=2,071) were added for this annual update; no study addressed subacute pain or adolescents. One new RCT compared high and low THC to CBD ratio products versus placebo; the other new RCT evaluated was very small and had methodological limitations. Since the inception of this living review, from 5,228 total abstracts identified, 23 RCTs (N=2,035) and 10 observational studies (N=15,840) assessing different cannabinoids were included; no study evaluated kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 58 percent enrolled patients with neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. Strength of evidence was low, unless indicated otherwise. Compared with placebo, plant-extracted, comparable ratio THC to CBD oral spray was associated with a small decrease in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to 10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=39%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=32%; SOE: moderate) versus placebo. There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation, and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 31.0% vs. 8.0%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 8.0% vs. 1.2%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.77, I2=0%). Synthetic high-THC to CBD ratio products were associated with a small improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in risk of nausea following the addition of one new RCT (pain: 7 RCTs, N=448, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.95, 95% CI −1.81 to −0.25, I2=60%; sedation: 4 RCTs, N=386, 19% vs. 12%, RR 1.60, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.95, I2=8%; nausea: 3 RCTs, N=353, 11.1% vs. 5.2%, RR 2.22, 95% CI 0.90 to 5.05; I²=0%). There was also moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (3 RCTs, N=353, 29% vs. 11%, RR 2.52, 95% CI 1.20 to 4.82, I2=41%). Extracted whole-plant high-THC to CBD ratio products (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, viii 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34); outcomes assessing benefit were not reported or insufficient. Evidence (including observational studies) on whole-plant cannabis, topical or oral CBD, low-THC to CBD products (2 new RCTs), other cannabinoids, comparisons with active non-cannabis treatments or between cannabis-related products, and impact on use of opioids also remained insufficient. Evidence was not available on important harms such as psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) with high and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products versus placebo during short-term treatment (1 to 6 months) in adults with chronic pain. Evidence for low-THC to CBD ratio products, whole-plant cannabis, and other comparisons, outcomes, and plant-based compounds was unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions.
9

Werren, John H., Einat Zchori-Fein, and Moshe Coll. Parthenogenesis-Inducing Microorganisms in Parasitic Hymenoptera: Their Mode of Action and Utilization for Improvement of Biological Control Agents. United States Department of Agriculture, June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7573080.bard.

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Wolbachia are intracellular bacteria known to cause reproductive and sex ratio disorders in many insects. In various parasitic Hymenoptera, Wolbachia induce thelytokous reproduction. The overall goal of this research was the improvement of biological control agents by reversion of their mode of reproduction. This was attempted from two directions: 1) studying the effect of naturally occurring Wolbachia on the thelytokous species Muscidifuraxuniraptor and 2) trying to transmit thelytoky-inducing Wolbachia to Nasoniavitripennis. In M. uniraptor, gamete duplication was found to be the mode of diploidy restoration and Wolbachia density had a strong effect on sex ratio but not on host fitness. Studies on the natural horizontal transmission of Wolbachia between Nasonia wasps and their Protocalliphora hosts using the Wolbachia Outer Surface Protein (WOSP) gene revealed that (a) two Nasonia species (N. giraulti and N. longicornis) possess closely related strains of B-group Wolbachia, but N. vitripennisapparently acquired B Wolbachia by horizontal transmission from an unknown source, (b) Nasonia and its Protocalliphora host have similar Wolbachia, and (c) the Protocalliphora Wolbachia WOSP gene is a recombinant between the one found in N. giraulti/longicornis and N. vitripennis. Results show parasitoid-host insect transmission of Wolbachia and recombination among Wolbachia strains. Results from gynandromorph studies suggest a novel mechanism of sex determination in Nasonia.
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Kelley, K., R. Hoffman, and M. Drake. 59Fe(n,g)60Fe and 60Fe(n,g)61Fe Reaction Rates from Local Systematics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/894355.

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