Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rationality of group'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Rationality of group.

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 19 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Rationality of group.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Heffernan, Courtney. "Rationality and Group Decision-Making in Practical Healthcare." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2811.

Full text
Abstract:
In this paper, a view of non-compliance in practical healthcare is provided that identifies certain non-compliant behaviours as rational. This view of rational non-compliance is used to update a current form of doctor patient relationships with the aim of reducing non-compliance. In addition to reforming one standard doctor patient relationship model, the normative implications of understanding non-compliance as a rational form of human behaviour are described.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Waligóra, Marcin [Verfasser], Bettina [Gutachter] Rockenbach, and Dirk [Gutachter] Sliwka. "Behavior in Rent-Seeking Contests: The Role of Beliefs, Bounded Rationality, Envy, and Group Identity / Marcin Waligora ; Gutachter: Bettina Rockenbach, Dirk Sliwka." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1124587780/34.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Kämmer, Juliane Eva. "How people make adaptive decisions with (the help of) others." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16823.

Full text
Abstract:
Diese Dissertation untersucht aus der Perspektive der ökologischen Rationalität (ÖR) die Frage, wie Menschen Entscheidungen in sozialen Kontexten treffen, z.B. in Gruppen oder mit Hilfe von Ratschlägen. Zentral waren die Fragen, wie und welche Umweltfaktoren die Verwendung und Güte von verschiedenen Entscheidungsstrategien beeinflussen. Ziel war es, den Forschungsrahmen der ÖR mit der Gruppenforschung und Literatur zum Thema Ratgeben zu verknüpfen, um für die jeweiligen Forschungsstränge neue Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen. Im ersten Projekt wurden die Leistungen von Einzelpersonen und Zweiergruppen in einer Strategielernaufgabe miteinander verglichen. Aufgabe war es, mit Hilfe von Feedback, die Strategie zu lernen, die adaptiv in Bezug auf die Struktur der Umwelt war. Dabei war es entweder adaptiv, auf den besten diskriminierenden Cue zu setzen und die weniger validen Informationen zu ignorieren (take-the-best), oder aber alle vorhandenen Informationen zu verrechnen (weighted additive). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sowohl Einzelpersonen als auch Gruppen die jeweils beste Strategie erlernten, wobei Gruppen einen schnelleren Lernerfolg zeigten, wenn take-the-best adaptiv war. Das zweite Projekt untersuchte, ob Gruppen Entscheidungsstrategien verwenden, die auf ihre Zusammensetzung hinsichtlich aufgabenrelevanter Faktoren abgestimmt sind. Ergebnisse eines Experiments, in dem 3-Personen-Gruppen eine Paarvergleichsaufgabe bearbeiteten, zeigten, dass Gruppen dazu in der Lage sind, den Strategien zu folgen, die am erfolgversprechendsten sind. Das dritte Projekt untersuchte den Einfluss von Aufgabenschwierigkeit auf die Güte und Verwendung von zwei häufig verwendeten Strategien (mitteln und auswählen) zur Integration von Ratschlägen. Wahrgenommene Aufgabenschwierigkeit schlug sich in verschiedenen statistischen Merkmalen der Umweltstruktur nieder, was wiederum die potentielle Güte der Strategien. Zudem stimmten Personen ihre Strategien auf die Aufgabenschwierigkeit ab.
This dissertation is an investigation from an ecological rationality (ER) perspective of how people make decisions in social contexts, for example, when people collectively make decisions in small groups or with the help of another person’s advice. Of particular interest were the questions of what and how environmental factors influence the use and performance of different decision strategies. The studies thus were aimed at linking the framework of ER with research on group decision making and advice taking, respectively, in order to derive new insights for the related research streams. A first project compared the performances of individuals and two-person groups in a strategy-learning task. The task was to learn with the help of feedback the most adaptive strategy for a given task environment. One environment favored take-the-best (i.e., the strategy to rely on the best discriminating cue and ignore the rest); the second environment favored the weighted additive strategy, which weights and adds all available cues. Results show that individuals and dyads learned to select the most appropriate strategy over time, with a steeper learning rate in dyads when take-the-best was adaptive. A second project investigated whether small groups apply decision strategies conditional on the group’s composition in terms of task-relevant features. Results of an experiment with three-member groups working on a paired-comparison task support the hypothesis that groups indeed adaptively apply the strategy that leads to the highest theoretically achievable performance. A third project investigated the impact of perceived task difficulty on the performance and use of choosing and averaging, two prominent advice-taking strategies. Perceived task difficulty was reflected in the statistical properties of the environment, which, in turn, determined the theoretical accuracy of choosing and averaging. Further, people were found to adaptively use the strategies in different task environments.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Farrell, N. "Rationality of blocks of quasi-simple finite groups." Thesis, City, University of London, 2017. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/17653/.

Full text
Abstract:
The Morita Frobenius number of an algebra is the number of Morita equivalence classes of its Frobenius twists. Introduced by Kessar in 2004, these numbers are important in the context of Donovan's conjecture for blocks of finite group algebras. Let P be a finite ℓ-group. Donovan's conjecture states that there are finitely many Morita equivalence classes of blocks of finite group algebras with defect groups isomorphic to P. Kessar proved that Donovan's conjecture holds if and only if Weak Donovan's conjecture and the Rationality conjecture hold. Our thesis relates to the Rationality conjecture, which states that there exists a bound on the Morita Frobenius numbers of blocks of finite group algebras with defect groups isomorphic to P, which depends only on SPS. In this thesis we calculate the Morita Frobenius numbers, or produce a bound for the Morita Frobenius numbers, of many of the blocks of quasi-simple finite groups. We also discuss the issues faced in the outstanding blocks and outline some possible approaches to solving these cases.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Fino, Raphaël. "Around rationality of algebraic cycles." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066231/document.

Full text
Abstract:
Soient $X$ et $Y$ des variétés au dessus d’un corps $F$. Dans de nombreuses situations, il s’avère important de savoir si un cycle algébrique modulo équivalence rationnelle y sur Y, défini au dessus du corps des fonctions $F(X)$ de $X$, est en fait déjà défini au niveau du corps de base $F$. Dans cet essai, on traite de cette question, en faisant varier la variété $X$ parmi des variétés telles que des quadriques, des variétés projectives homogènes ou des espaces principaux homogènes. Dans chaque situation, on utilise des outils appropriés tels que les opérations de Steenrod, des résultats de décomposition motivique, ou certains invariants cohomologiques de groupes algébriques
Let $X$ and $Y$ be some varieties over a field $F$. In many situations, it is important to know if an algebraic cycle modulo rational equivalence $y$ on $Y$ defined over the function field $F(X)$ of $X$ is actually defined over the base field $F$. In this dissertation, we study that matter, making the variety $X$ vary among varieties such as quadrics, projective homogeneous varieties or principal homogeneous spaces. In each situation, we use appropriate tools, such as Steenrod operations, motivic decomposition results or cohomological invariants of algebraic groups
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Londoño, María del Pilar. "Institutional arrangements that affect free trade agreements : economic rationality versus interest groups /." Rotterdam : Rotterdam : Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), Erasmus University Rotterdam ; Erasmus University Rotterdam [Host], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/7578.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Bano, Masooda. "Self-interest, rationality and cooperative behaviour : aid and problems of cooperation within voluntary groups in Pakistan." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440557.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Gaulier, Sylvie. "Approche énonciative de la rationalité dans la prise de décision sociométrique : (cas d'adolescents d'un groupe-classe en formation alternée)." Tours, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOUR2028.

Full text
Abstract:
J. L. Moreno (1889-1974), fondateur de la sociométrie, pose le choix sociométrique comme le résultat de la spontanéité-créativité. Par la constellation des choix, l'acteur devient atome social, unité sociale de base. La sociométrie, science de la mesure du social, obéit aux grands principes de la pensée positive. Aborder le choix sociométrique comme une prise de décision mettant en œuvre une rationalité limitée revient à changer de perspective épistémologique. Le choix sociométrique est alors abordé dans une perspective constructiviste. À travers l'énonciation des sujets, le choix sociométrique apparait comme un processus décisionnel. Il intègre un raisonnement non linéaire essentiellement de type abductif avec des mises en rapport analogiques et/ou déductives. La rationalité est limitée dans la mesure où le sujet prend en compte des situations singulières de l'environnement groupal. Il illustre ainsi l'environnement de la prise de décision sociométrique. Enfin le raisonnement abductif montre que le sujet accompagne d'incertitude la construction de la décision. L’atome social morenéen est dans la perspective constructiviste un sujet socio-cognitif. Il élabore à partir de ce qu'il est et de ce dont il dispose ses propres décisions. Il fait appel à un raisonnement heuristique
J. L. Moreno (1889-1974), the sociometry founder sets down the sociometric choice as the result of the spontaneity-creativity. Through the constellation of the choices, the actor becomes a social atom, the basal social unity. The sociometry, the science of the social measure, obeies the main principles of the positive thinking. Taking up the sociometric choice as a decision-making having resort to a limited rationality amounts to change the epistemologist view point. The sociometric choice starts on a constructivist angle. Through the subject statement, the sociometric choice seems like a decision process. It integrates into a non-linear reasoning basically based on abduction thinking with analogic and/or deductive connections. Rationality is limited inasmuchas the subject takes singular situations about the groupal environment into consideration. In this way, it illustrates with the sociometric decisionmaking environment. Finally, the abductif reasoning shows that the subject accompanies with doubts the construction of his decision. The social atom, according to J. L. Moreno, is, in the constructivist perspectives, the cognitive-social subject… It develops his own decision from what he is and what he has the use of. He requires the heuristic reasoning
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Pang, Cheuk Fung Thomas Indiana. "The networked public sphere vs. the broadcasting public sphere : a qualitiative analysis of communicative & strategic rationality in a USENET newsgroup and radio phone-in talk shows." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1999. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/188.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Lannuzel, Thibault. "Génération Formes Utiles, étude d’un groupe de designers en France : 1945-1973." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040127.

Full text
Abstract:
Le sujet se concentre sur un cycle majeur de l’Histoire de l’art et du design français d’après-guerre, pourtant largement méconnu. Durant cette période de croissance plus communément appelée Trente Glorieuses, une lignée de onze jeunes designers français s’impose ainsi dans le paysage de la création de modèles de série. Cette génération s’attachera à promouvoir le design dès la sortie de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, se basant sur la doctrine du fonctionnalisme social défendue plus tôt par Francis Jourdain, père du mobilier de série français et membre de l’UAM, puis par ses disciples René Gabriel et Marcel Gascoin. Leur formation commune au sein des meilleures écoles ou des bureaux d’études de leurs aînés, la similitude des parcours professionnels et l’existence d’affinités personnelles nous permettent ici d’avancer l’hypothèse d’un phénomène générationnel encore jamais identifié en tant que tel. Ensemble et séparément, ces designers s’attachent donc à défendre le rationalisme à la française et une production dépouillée de tout artifice, mais plus largement l’alliance du créateur et de l’industriel pour des formes justes et l’affirmation du beau dans l’utile. En outre, avec eux apparaît le statut de designer qui doit concevoir mobilier et aménagements d’intérieur de qualité, fonctionnel et accessible à tous. Cette génération fondatrice, pourtant reléguée au second plan de l’histoire du design, mérite à ce titre d’être inscrite dans la genèse d’une profession et d’une discipline dont nous tirons encore aujourd’hui les enseignements
The topic is focused on a main period of the history of art and French post-war design but which is though largely unknown. During this period of growth also called « Trente Glorieuses », a line of eleven young French designers impose their self in the landscape of the model’s creation. This generation tries hard to promote the design from the end of the Second World War by basing on the social functionalism’s doctrine which is defended before by Francis Jourdain, father of the French serial furniture and member of the UAM, and then by his disciples René Gabriel and Marcel Gascoin. Their communal training in the best schools or in the design offices of their eldests, the similarity of their careers and the existence of personal affinities may allow us to claim the possibility of a generational phenomenon never identified in itself yet. Together or separately, this designers desire to defend the French rationalism and a production without any artifice, but above all the collaboration of the creator and the manufacturer for relevant forms and the proclamation of the beauty in the utility. Moreover, it is with them that appears the designer status who has to conceive furniture and interior organisations of quality and which is functional and reachable for everyone. This pioneer generation, relegated at the middle ground of the design history, deserves to have their place in the genesis of a profession and a discipline from which we still learn lessons
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
11

Gounelas, Frank. "Free curves on varieties." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3a7f6dba-fad2-4517-994e-0b51ea311df8.

Full text
Abstract:
In this thesis we study various ways in which every two general points on a variety can be connected by curves of a fixed genus, thus mimicking the notion of a rationally connected variety but for arbitrary genus. We assume the existence of a covering family of curves which dominates the product of a variety with itself either by allowing the curves in the family to vary in moduli, or by assuming the family is trivial for some fixed curve of genus g. A suitably free curve will be one with a large unobstructed deformation space, the images of whose deformations can join any number of points on a variety. We prove that, at least in characteristic zero, the existence of such a free curve of higher genus is equivalent to the variety being rationally connected. If one restricts to the case of genus one, similar results can be obtained even allowing the curves in the family to vary in moduli. In later chapters we study algebraic properties of such varieties and discuss attempts to prove the same rational connectedness result in positive characteristic.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
12

Ozkes, Ali Ihsan. "Essays on hyper-preferences, polarization and information aggregation." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2014. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01071827/document.

Full text
Abstract:
Dans cette thèse, certains problèmes importants et des propriétés de prise de décision collective sont étudiés. En particulier, d'abord, une propriété de stabilité des règles d'agrégation de préférences est introduite et certaines classes bien connues de règles sont testées à cet égard. Deuxièmement, le mesurage de la polarisation préférentielle est étudié, à la fois théorique et empirique. Enfin, le comportement stratégique dans des situations d'agrégation de l'information est étudié à la lumière d'une sorte de modèle de la rationalité limitée, à la fois théoriquement et expérimentalement. La notion de stabilité étudié dans la première partie de la thèse est imposée en particulier sur les fonctions de bien-être sociale et exige que le résultat de ces fonctions doit être robuste à la réduction de la transmission de préférences qui sont soutenu avoir lieu lorsque les individus présentent un ordre des alternatives lorsque les résultats sont également limités à être ordres. Pour tous profils sociétaux de préférences donné, qui est une collection d'ordres des alternatives, une collection compatible d'ordre des classements est extraite et les résultats des fonctions de bien-être social dans ces deux niveaux sont comparés. Il s'avère qu'aucune règle de notation donne des résultats cohérents, bien qu'il puisse y exister des règles Condorcetien. Mesures de polarisation qui sont étudiées en deuxième partie sont en forme d'agrégation des antagonismes par paires dans une société. La polarisation de l'opinion publique aux États-Unis pour les trois dernières décennies est analysé à la lumière de ce point de vue, en utilisant une mesure de polarisation bien acclamé qui est introduit dans la littérature de l'inégalité des revenus. La conclusion est qu'aucune tendance significative dans l'opinion publique polarisation peut être réclamé à exister au cours des dernières décennies. En outre, une adaptation de la même mesure est montrée à satisfaire des propriétés souhaitables à la place de profils de préférences ordinales lorsque trois alternatives sont considérées. En outre, une mesure qui est en effet l'agrégation des différences par paires entre les préférences des individus est caractérisée axiomatiquement. Dans la dernière partie de la thèse, situations de l'agrégation de l'information telles que décrites comme dans le modèle du jury de Condorcet sont étudiées à la lumière d'une approche de rationalité limitée qui est connue hiérarchie cognitive. Plus précisément, une expérience de laboratoire est exécutée pour tester les prédictions théoriques de la notion d'équilibre symétrique de Nash bayésien. On constate que le comportement en laboratoire n'est pas correctement capturé par ce concept qui suppose une forte notion de la rationalité et de l'homogénéité entre les comportements des individus. Pour mieux décrire les résultats à l'expérience, un nouveau modèle de hiérarchie cognitive est développé et montré à faire mieux que la fois l'approche de la rationalité forte et des modèles précédentes de hiérarchie cognitive. Ce modèle de hiérarchie cognitive endogène est comparé en théorie aux modèles précédents de la hiérarchie cognitive et montré pour améliorer dans certaines catégories de jeux
In this thesis, some important problems and properties of collective decision-making are studied. In particular, first, a stability property of preference aggregation rules is introduced and some well-known classes of rules are tested in this regard. Second, measuring preferential polarization is studied, both theoretically and empirically. Finally, strategic behavior in information aggregation situations is investigated in light of a sort of bounded rationality model, both theoretically and experimentally. The stability notion studied in the first part of the thesis is imposed particularly on social welfare functions and requires that the outcome of these functions should be robust to reduction in preference submission that are argued to take place when individuals submit a ranking of alternatives when the outcomes are also restricted to be rankings. Given the preference profile of a society, that is a collection of rankings of alternatives, a compatible collection of rankings of rankings are extracted and the outcome of social welfare functions in these two levels are compared. It turns out that no scoring rule gives consistent results, although there might exist Condorcet-type rules. Polarization measures studied in second part are in form of aggregation of pairwise antagonisms in a society. The public opinion polarization in the United States for the last three decades is analyzed in light of this view, by using a well-acclaimed measure of polarization introduced in the literature of income inequality. The conclusion is that no significant trend in public opinion polarization can be claimed to exist over the last several decades. Also, an adaptation of the same measure is shown to satisfy desirable properties in lieu of ordinal preference profiles when three alternatives are considered. Furthermore, a measure that is the aggregation of pairwise differences among individuals' preferences is characterized by a set of axioms. In the final part of the thesis, information aggregation situations described as in Condorcet jury model is studied in light of cognitive hierarchy approach to bounded rationality. Specifically, a laboratory experiment is run to test the theoretical predictions of the symmetric Bayesian Nash equilibrium concept. It is observed that behavior in lab is not correctly captured by this concept that assumes a strong notion of rationality and homogeneity among individuals' behaviors. To better describe the findings in the experiment, a novel model of cognitive hierarchy is developed and shown to perform better than both strong rationality approach and previous cognitive hierarchy models. This endogenous cognitive hierarchy model is compared theoretically to previous models of cognitive hierarchy and shown to improve in certain classes of games
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
13

Pirutka, Alena. "Deux contributions à l'arithmétique des variétés : R-équivalence et cohomologie non ramifiée." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769925.

Full text
Abstract:
Dans cette thèse, on s'intéresse à des propriétés arithmétiques de variétés algébriques. Elle contient deux parties et huit chapitres que l'on peut lire indépendamment. Dans la première partie on étudie la R-équivalence sur les points rationnels des variétés algébriques. Dans le chapitre I.1 on établit que pour certaines familles projectives et lisses X→Y de variétés géométriquement rationnelles sur un corps local k de caractéristique nulle le nombre des classes de R-équivalence de la fibre Xy(k) est localement constant quand y varie dans Y(k). Dans le chapitre I.2 on s'intéresse à des variétés rationnellement simplement connexes. On établit que la R-équivalence est triviale sur de telles variétés définies sur C(t). Dans le chapitre I.3 on introduit une autre relation d'équivalence sur les points rationnels des variétés définies sur un corps muni d'une valuation discrète et on étudie quelques propriétés de cette relation d'équivalence. Dans le chapitre I.4 on étudie la R-équivalence sur les variétés rationnellement connexes définies sur les corps réels clos ou p-adiqument clos. La deuxième partie de cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude de quelques questions liées à la cohomologie non ramifiée. Dans le chapitre II.1 on utilise le troisième groupe de cohomologie non ramifiée pour donner un exemple d'une variété projective et lisse géométriquement rationnelle X, définie sur un corps fini Fp, telle que l'application de groupes de Chow de codimension deux de la variété X dans le groupe de Chow de cycles de codimension deux sur la clôture algébrique, fixés par l'action de Galois, n'est pas surjective. Dans le chapitre II.2 on s'intéresse aux fibrations au-dessus d'une surface sur un corps fini dont la fibre générique est une variété de Severi-Brauer et on montre que le troisième groupe de cohomologie non ramifiée s'annule pour de telles variétés. Dans le chapitre II.3, on établit l'invariance birationnelle de certains termes de la suite spectrale de Bloch et Ogus pour des variétés sur un corps de dimension cohomologique bornée. Sur un corps fini, on relie un de ces invariants avec le conoyau de l'application classe de cycle l-adique pour les 1-cycles. Dans le chapitre II.4, on s'intéresse à "borner" la ramification des éléments des groupes de cohomologie Hr(K, Z/n), r>0, si K est le corps des fonctions d'une variété intègre définie sur un corps de caractéristique nulle k.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
14

Liang, Yongqi. "Principe local-global pour les zéro-cycles." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00630560.

Full text
Abstract:
Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à l'étude de l'arithmétique (le principe de Hasse, l'approximation faible, et l'obstruction de Brauer-Manin) des zéro-cycles sur les variétés algébriques définies sur des corps de nombres. Nous introduisons la notion de sous-ensemble hilbertien généralisé. En utilisant la méthode de fibration, nous démontrons que l'obstruction de Brauer-Manin est la seule au principe de Hasse et à l'approximation faible pour les zéro-cycles de degré 1; et établissons l'exactitude d'une suite de type global-local concernant les groupes de Chow des zéro-cycles, pour certaines variétés qui admettent une structure de fibration au-dessus d'une courbe lisse ou au-dessus de l'espace projectif, où les hypothèses arithmétiques sont posées seulement sur les fibres au-dessus d'un sous-ensemble hilbertien généralisé.De plus, nous relions l'arithmétique des points rationnels et l'arithmétique des zérocycles de degré 1 sur les variétés géométriquement rationnellement connexes. Comme application, nous trouvons que l'obstruction de Brauer-Manin est la seule au principe de Hasse et à l'approximation faible pour les zéro-cycles de degré 1 sur- les espaces homogènes d'un groupe algébrique linéaire à stabilisateur connexe,- certains fibrés en surfaces de Châtelet au-dessus d'une courbe lisse ou au-dessus de l'espace projectif (en particulier, les solides de Poonen).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
15

Mello, Patrícia Perrone Campos. "Nos bastidores do Supremo Tribunal Federal: constituição, emoção, estratégia e espetáculo." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7958.

Full text
Abstract:
A tese busca identificar os elementos jurídicos e extrajurídicos que interferem sobre o comportamento judicial do Supremo Tribunal Federal. A análise é desenvolvida com base nos seguintes modelos decisórios: o modelo legalista, o modelo ideológico, o modelo institucional e o modelo estratégico de comportamento judicial. Ao longo do trabalho, examina-se a influência do direito, da ideologia, das normas que regem o Judiciário, das regras que regem as decisões colegiadas, do Poder Executivo, do Poder Legislativo, da opinião pública e da imprensa no processo decisório do Supremo Tribunal Federal.
This work aims at identifying legal and non-legal factors that interfere with Brazilian Supreme Court decisions. The analysis is developed with basis on the legal model, on the attitudinal model, on the institutional model and on the strategic model of judicial decision-making. It examines the influence of constitutional law, ideology, collegial process, Executive Power, Legislative Power, public opinion and of the media on Brazilian Supreme Court attitudes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
16

(10996413), William J. Brown. "Essays on experimental group dynamics and competition." Thesis, 2021.

Find full text
Abstract:
This thesis consists of three chapters. In the first chapter, I investigate the effects of complexity in various voting systems on individual behavior in small group electoral competitions. Using a laboratory experiment, I observe individual behavior within one of three voting systems -- plurality, instant runoff voting (IRV), and score then automatic runoff (STAR). I then estimate subjects' behavior in three different models of bounded rationality. The estimated models are a model of Level-K thinking (Nagel, 1995), the Cognitive Hierarchy (CH) model (Camerer, et al. 2004), and a Quantal Response Equilibrium (QRE) (McKelvey and Palfrey 1995). I consistently find that more complex voting systems induce lower levels of strategic thinking. This implies that policy makers desiring more sincere voting behavior could potentially achieve this through voting systems with more complex strategy sets. Of the tested behavioral models, Level-K consistently fits observed data the best, implying subjects make decisions that combine of steps of thinking with random, utility maximizing, errors.

In the second chapter, I investigate the relationship between the mechanisms used to select leaders and both measures of group performance and leaders' ethical behavior. Using a laboratory experiment, we measure group performance in a group minimum effort task with a leader selected using one of three mechanisms: random, a competition task, and voting. After the group task, leaders must complete a task that asks them to behave honestly or dishonestly in questions related to the groups performance. We find that leaders have a large impact on group performance when compared to those groups without leaders. Evidence for which selection mechanism performs best in terms of group performance seems mixed. On measures of honesty, the strongest evidence seems to indicate that honesty is most positively impacted through a voting selection mechanism, which differences in ethical behavior between the random and competition selection treatments are negligible.


In the third chapter, I provide an investigation into the factors and conditions that drive "free riding" behavior in dynamic innovation contests. Starting from a dynamic innovation contest model from Halac, et al. (2017), I construct a two period dynamic innovation contest game. From there, I provide a theoretical background and derivation of mixed strategies that can be interpreted as an agent's degree to which they engage in free riding behavior, namely through allowing their opponent to exert effort in order to uncover information about an uncertain state of the world. I show certain conditions must be fulfilled in order to induce free riding in equilibrium, and also analytically show the impact of changing contest prize structures on the degree of free riding. I end this paper with an experimental design to test these various theoretical conclusions in a laboratory setting while also considering the behavioral observations recorded in studies investigating similar contest models and provide a plan to analyze the data collected by this laboratory experiment.

All data collected for this study consists of individual human subject data collected from laboratory experiments. Project procedures have been conducted in accordance with Purdue's internal review board approval and known consent from all participants was obtained.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
17

Liu, Te-Kan, and 劉德淦. "A Study of the Rationality and Fairness of Imposing “Tax Collection Handling Fees” on Taxpayers - From High-Income Group Not Paying Taxes." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87157578280363015446.

Full text
Abstract:
碩士
元智大學
資訊社會學研究所
94
The main purpose of this research is to study the rationality and fairness of high-income group not paying taxes through a review of theory of justice and tax justice literatures, and research methods of literature study and data analysis were adopted. In addition, the rationality and fairness of imposing handling fees on taxpayers by the government in various tax payment methods were analyzed in the context of high-income group that not paying taxes. The research gathered private sector’s business revenues, local governments’ parking fees income derived from public parking lots, governments’ tax levy and foreign governments’ tax collection. Then, an analysis was conducted to study whether the receivers or the payers of the above-mentioned income are responsible for the payment of the related handling fees. In the meantime, the statistical information compiled from questionnaires was supplemented to support and justify the purpose of this research Through literatures review and the study of handling fees payment for the above-mentioned incomes collected by the relevant public and private sectors, this research analyzed and compared the fairness of high-income group not paying taxes and taxpayers pay for the tax payment handling fees. And, supported by the statistical information compiled from questionnaires, this research concluded the following findings: (1) It is unfair and injustice that the high-income group does not pay tax; (2) The governments should pay for the handling fees that arise in various tax payment methods provided to the taxpayers.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
18

Hu, Wei-Tun, and 胡惟惇. "An Inquiry into Jürgen Habermas’ Theory of Communicative Rationality and Its Implication for the Problem of Communication among Groups in the Complete High School in Taiwan." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15151645618971942668.

Full text
Abstract:
碩士
國立臺灣大學
國家發展研究所
96
This research aims at exploring Jürgen Habermas’s theory of communicative rationality, and clarifying its implications for the visions of communication among groups in the Complete High School in Taiwan. In order to achieve the above mentioned research target, this study makes use of the research methods, including content analysis, and critical hermeneutics. Furthermore, the researcher will, first of all, attempt to sketch the theory of communicative rationality and its meanings. In addition, the researcher will focus on the crucial reason of communicative problems among groups in the Complete High School. In the end, this study will illuminate Jürgen Habermas’s theory of communicative rationality, and bring up some tactics to innovate the Complete High School’s communicative problems. Based on the above purports, this research firstly explores the crucial reason of communicative problems according to communicative beliefs and case evidence methods. The conclusions of the crucial reasons are made explications of the following issues: 1.the systematized of distorted communicative problems; 2.the problem of idealized communicative situation; 3.the democracy of rational communication problems. Besides, the strategies of salvation of communicative problems are following: 1.to introspect and criticize the ideology of the school administration; 2.to execute the dialogue relationship among the administration, teacher and the parent; 3.to emphasize the rational-regulation of communicative action among groups in school. More precisely speaking, the theory of communicative rationality sets out that one should place rationality in the level of life-world communicative situation in order to analyze it. By using of language and the intention of action, all participants could be identically reached consensus. This research aims to emphasize and solve the communicative problems between different groups in the Complete High School. It is based on Jürgen Habermas’s theory of communicative rationality. Hence, the educational implications are made as follows: 1.to create a fine speech act situation among groups in the Complete High School; 2.to construct the reasonable life-world by the way of introspecting and criticizing instrumental-rationality of the school administration.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
19

Chuan, Chun-Yuan, and 莊專圓. "Study of the Tw-DRGs Payment System’s Structure Applicability and Medical Resource Disposition Rationality- Take Kidney and Urinary Tract Infection (DRG320, 321) Two Groups in Kao-ping Areas as Example." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15013640986121194234.

Full text
Abstract:
碩士
高雄醫學大學
醫務管理學研究所碩士在職專班
96
Background: The Bureau of National Health Insurance(BNHI) had planed to implement theTw-DRGs ( Taiwan Diagnosis Related Groups) payment system under the global budget system in 2008. However, under the objection of the medical group and other aspects, the plans was abolished on December, 2007, and declared to continue negotiation with the medical group. Under this development, it’s important to perform an evidence-base research to prove the feasibility of the system, then providing a good strategy of medical quality control for Bureau of National Health Insurance . Therefore, Our study chose one of the original first stage’s 6 MDC( Maior diagnosis categry) , MDC11(urogenital system) including the two groups of DRG320 and DRG321, as the research’s object .The characteristics of MDC11 including the the commonest medical payment claims of the 6 MDCs(49%), the highest proportions of healthcare expenses (38%). We aimed to explore the Tw-DRGs payment system’s structure applicability, medical resource distribution, rationality of expense and explored the factors that affect the medical resource expense. Methods:Using the inpations medical payment claimed data of the bureau of national health insurance, Kao-Ping branch, we tried to introduce the Tw-DRGs payment system into the DRG with the variations between different healthcare stratums, and analyzed how to deal the outlier of our study to validation structure of payment. Using the average of medical cost, rates of returning to emergency department (ED) within three days and readmission within fourteen days as indicators, we analyzed the challenges that the medical providers may face in the future. Moreover, using the variants of the popularity, clinical specialty, hospital peculiarity, we explored the aspects of future monitor and inspection. Results:First, the application of the Tw-DRG paymentstructure: 1. The comprehensiveness of disease’s category: The CV value of DRG320 was 38.1% with DRG321 value <22.7% after introducing the system. 2. After introducing the system, the case falling into the area of fixed payment in DRG320 was 91% with DRG320 96%. 3. Different severity of diseases with different payment: After introducing, the average of medical cost was increasing in DRG320 and decreasing in DRG321. The statistic average inpatient days were lower than public announcement in DRG 320 and 321, but both of the average inpatient days were higher than the reference value of announcement. The rate of transfer was 6.5%, with the higher rate in the regional hospital and the patients admitted within 0-2 days. Second, the reasonableness of medical resource distribution and expense: There was a significant difference of average medical cost in the age and stratums of hospital. Rate of returning to ED within 3 days was <1.8%, and readmission with the same disease was <0.4%. Readmission rate of whole diseases within 14 days was 6.0% in DRG 320 and 2.8% in DRG 321. Third, the impact factors of medical cost: Both the important factors of DRG 320 and 321 were including days of inpatient, the status of discharge, the stratum of hospital, base rate and numbers of secondary coding. Discussion and Suggestions:First, it’s positive of lower CV value in the category of diseases. With the stable payment system, after being introduced, it’s proper because more money was deposited into the more severity patients of DRG 320 group. The principle of payment system was equalization; the whole expense of medicine was not increasing. Therefore, the Tw-DRG payment system was applicable. For the negative revenue hospitals, they should start to increase the efficiency and use standardized procedures. Hospitals with more budget should be monitored the quality of care. The hospitals having higher length of inpatient should be enforced to be supervised. Second, although there was a difference between age in the average medical cost, the package payment of DRG could complement each others that the hospital could not have difference treatment of patients with different payment. The clinical pathways should be established and increasing the quality of care. There was a difference in the average medical cost of different stratum of hospital, which revealed that the medical centers should release the lower CV value patients of DRG 320 and 321, and transferred to community hospital to decrease wasting of medical resource and establishing the diversion. Community hospital should increase the ability of care and the regional hospitals should increase its efficiency. Overall, the distribution of medical resource was reasonable. Third, the most important factors affected the medical cost was average days of inpatient and it should be the first priority of hospital management and the key point of investigation by bureau. We suggest using the quality control and resource redistribution to investigate the length of inpatient and develop associated strategy. Medical providers could using the clinical pathways and concept of prime of cost with proving suggestion to government and create a triple-wining situation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography