Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rationality of group

Academic literature on the topic 'Rationality of group'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Rationality of group"

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Moreh, Jacob. "Group behaviour and rationality." Social Science Information 27, no. 1 (March 1988): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/053901888027001004.

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Ross, Don. "Group Doxastic Rationality Need Not Supervene on Individual Rationality." Southern Journal of Philosophy 44, S1 (March 2006): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-6962.2006.tb00033.x.

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Hedden, Brian. "Reasons, Coherence, and Group Rationality." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 99, no. 3 (April 19, 2018): 581–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/phpr.12486.

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Chu, Huah, and Ming-chang Kang. "Rationality of P-Group Actions." Journal of Algebra 237, no. 2 (March 2001): 673–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jabr.2000.8615.

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Baillon, Aurélien, Han Bleichrodt, Ning Liu, and Peter P. Wakker. "Group decision rules and group rationality under risk." Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 52, no. 2 (April 2016): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11166-016-9237-8.

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Grafstein, Robert. "Group Identity, Rationality and Electoral Mobilization." Journal of Theoretical Politics 7, no. 2 (April 1995): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951692895007002005.

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de Waal, Alex. "Group identity, rationality, and the state." Critical Review 11, no. 2 (March 1997): 279–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08913819708443457.

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Kang, Ming-Chang. "Rationality problem of GL4 group actions." Advances in Mathematics 181, no. 2 (January 2004): 321–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-8708(03)00067-7.

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Richter, Reed. "Rationality, group choice and expected utility." Synthese 63, no. 2 (May 1985): 203–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00485367.

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Kordonskii, Vsevolod E. "Stable rationality of the group Spin10." Russian Mathematical Surveys 55, no. 1 (February 28, 2000): 178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/rm2000v055n01abeh000257.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rationality of group"

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Heffernan, Courtney. "Rationality and Group Decision-Making in Practical Healthcare." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2811.

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In this paper, a view of non-compliance in practical healthcare is provided that identifies certain non-compliant behaviours as rational. This view of rational non-compliance is used to update a current form of doctor patient relationships with the aim of reducing non-compliance. In addition to reforming one standard doctor patient relationship model, the normative implications of understanding non-compliance as a rational form of human behaviour are described.
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Waligóra, Marcin [Verfasser], Bettina [Gutachter] Rockenbach, and Dirk [Gutachter] Sliwka. "Behavior in Rent-Seeking Contests: The Role of Beliefs, Bounded Rationality, Envy, and Group Identity / Marcin Waligora ; Gutachter: Bettina Rockenbach, Dirk Sliwka." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1124587780/34.

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Kämmer, Juliane Eva. "How people make adaptive decisions with (the help of) others." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16823.

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Diese Dissertation untersucht aus der Perspektive der ökologischen Rationalität (ÖR) die Frage, wie Menschen Entscheidungen in sozialen Kontexten treffen, z.B. in Gruppen oder mit Hilfe von Ratschlägen. Zentral waren die Fragen, wie und welche Umweltfaktoren die Verwendung und Güte von verschiedenen Entscheidungsstrategien beeinflussen. Ziel war es, den Forschungsrahmen der ÖR mit der Gruppenforschung und Literatur zum Thema Ratgeben zu verknüpfen, um für die jeweiligen Forschungsstränge neue Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen. Im ersten Projekt wurden die Leistungen von Einzelpersonen und Zweiergruppen in einer Strategielernaufgabe miteinander verglichen. Aufgabe war es, mit Hilfe von Feedback, die Strategie zu lernen, die adaptiv in Bezug auf die Struktur der Umwelt war. Dabei war es entweder adaptiv, auf den besten diskriminierenden Cue zu setzen und die weniger validen Informationen zu ignorieren (take-the-best), oder aber alle vorhandenen Informationen zu verrechnen (weighted additive). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sowohl Einzelpersonen als auch Gruppen die jeweils beste Strategie erlernten, wobei Gruppen einen schnelleren Lernerfolg zeigten, wenn take-the-best adaptiv war. Das zweite Projekt untersuchte, ob Gruppen Entscheidungsstrategien verwenden, die auf ihre Zusammensetzung hinsichtlich aufgabenrelevanter Faktoren abgestimmt sind. Ergebnisse eines Experiments, in dem 3-Personen-Gruppen eine Paarvergleichsaufgabe bearbeiteten, zeigten, dass Gruppen dazu in der Lage sind, den Strategien zu folgen, die am erfolgversprechendsten sind. Das dritte Projekt untersuchte den Einfluss von Aufgabenschwierigkeit auf die Güte und Verwendung von zwei häufig verwendeten Strategien (mitteln und auswählen) zur Integration von Ratschlägen. Wahrgenommene Aufgabenschwierigkeit schlug sich in verschiedenen statistischen Merkmalen der Umweltstruktur nieder, was wiederum die potentielle Güte der Strategien. Zudem stimmten Personen ihre Strategien auf die Aufgabenschwierigkeit ab.
This dissertation is an investigation from an ecological rationality (ER) perspective of how people make decisions in social contexts, for example, when people collectively make decisions in small groups or with the help of another person’s advice. Of particular interest were the questions of what and how environmental factors influence the use and performance of different decision strategies. The studies thus were aimed at linking the framework of ER with research on group decision making and advice taking, respectively, in order to derive new insights for the related research streams. A first project compared the performances of individuals and two-person groups in a strategy-learning task. The task was to learn with the help of feedback the most adaptive strategy for a given task environment. One environment favored take-the-best (i.e., the strategy to rely on the best discriminating cue and ignore the rest); the second environment favored the weighted additive strategy, which weights and adds all available cues. Results show that individuals and dyads learned to select the most appropriate strategy over time, with a steeper learning rate in dyads when take-the-best was adaptive. A second project investigated whether small groups apply decision strategies conditional on the group’s composition in terms of task-relevant features. Results of an experiment with three-member groups working on a paired-comparison task support the hypothesis that groups indeed adaptively apply the strategy that leads to the highest theoretically achievable performance. A third project investigated the impact of perceived task difficulty on the performance and use of choosing and averaging, two prominent advice-taking strategies. Perceived task difficulty was reflected in the statistical properties of the environment, which, in turn, determined the theoretical accuracy of choosing and averaging. Further, people were found to adaptively use the strategies in different task environments.
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Farrell, N. "Rationality of blocks of quasi-simple finite groups." Thesis, City, University of London, 2017. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/17653/.

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The Morita Frobenius number of an algebra is the number of Morita equivalence classes of its Frobenius twists. Introduced by Kessar in 2004, these numbers are important in the context of Donovan's conjecture for blocks of finite group algebras. Let P be a finite ℓ-group. Donovan's conjecture states that there are finitely many Morita equivalence classes of blocks of finite group algebras with defect groups isomorphic to P. Kessar proved that Donovan's conjecture holds if and only if Weak Donovan's conjecture and the Rationality conjecture hold. Our thesis relates to the Rationality conjecture, which states that there exists a bound on the Morita Frobenius numbers of blocks of finite group algebras with defect groups isomorphic to P, which depends only on SPS. In this thesis we calculate the Morita Frobenius numbers, or produce a bound for the Morita Frobenius numbers, of many of the blocks of quasi-simple finite groups. We also discuss the issues faced in the outstanding blocks and outline some possible approaches to solving these cases.
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Fino, Raphaël. "Around rationality of algebraic cycles." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066231/document.

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Soient $X$ et $Y$ des variétés au dessus d’un corps $F$. Dans de nombreuses situations, il s’avère important de savoir si un cycle algébrique modulo équivalence rationnelle y sur Y, défini au dessus du corps des fonctions $F(X)$ de $X$, est en fait déjà défini au niveau du corps de base $F$. Dans cet essai, on traite de cette question, en faisant varier la variété $X$ parmi des variétés telles que des quadriques, des variétés projectives homogènes ou des espaces principaux homogènes. Dans chaque situation, on utilise des outils appropriés tels que les opérations de Steenrod, des résultats de décomposition motivique, ou certains invariants cohomologiques de groupes algébriques
Let $X$ and $Y$ be some varieties over a field $F$. In many situations, it is important to know if an algebraic cycle modulo rational equivalence $y$ on $Y$ defined over the function field $F(X)$ of $X$ is actually defined over the base field $F$. In this dissertation, we study that matter, making the variety $X$ vary among varieties such as quadrics, projective homogeneous varieties or principal homogeneous spaces. In each situation, we use appropriate tools, such as Steenrod operations, motivic decomposition results or cohomological invariants of algebraic groups
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Londoño, María del Pilar. "Institutional arrangements that affect free trade agreements : economic rationality versus interest groups /." Rotterdam : Rotterdam : Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), Erasmus University Rotterdam ; Erasmus University Rotterdam [Host], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/7578.

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Bano, Masooda. "Self-interest, rationality and cooperative behaviour : aid and problems of cooperation within voluntary groups in Pakistan." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440557.

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Gaulier, Sylvie. "Approche énonciative de la rationalité dans la prise de décision sociométrique : (cas d'adolescents d'un groupe-classe en formation alternée)." Tours, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOUR2028.

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J. L. Moreno (1889-1974), fondateur de la sociométrie, pose le choix sociométrique comme le résultat de la spontanéité-créativité. Par la constellation des choix, l'acteur devient atome social, unité sociale de base. La sociométrie, science de la mesure du social, obéit aux grands principes de la pensée positive. Aborder le choix sociométrique comme une prise de décision mettant en œuvre une rationalité limitée revient à changer de perspective épistémologique. Le choix sociométrique est alors abordé dans une perspective constructiviste. À travers l'énonciation des sujets, le choix sociométrique apparait comme un processus décisionnel. Il intègre un raisonnement non linéaire essentiellement de type abductif avec des mises en rapport analogiques et/ou déductives. La rationalité est limitée dans la mesure où le sujet prend en compte des situations singulières de l'environnement groupal. Il illustre ainsi l'environnement de la prise de décision sociométrique. Enfin le raisonnement abductif montre que le sujet accompagne d'incertitude la construction de la décision. L’atome social morenéen est dans la perspective constructiviste un sujet socio-cognitif. Il élabore à partir de ce qu'il est et de ce dont il dispose ses propres décisions. Il fait appel à un raisonnement heuristique
J. L. Moreno (1889-1974), the sociometry founder sets down the sociometric choice as the result of the spontaneity-creativity. Through the constellation of the choices, the actor becomes a social atom, the basal social unity. The sociometry, the science of the social measure, obeies the main principles of the positive thinking. Taking up the sociometric choice as a decision-making having resort to a limited rationality amounts to change the epistemologist view point. The sociometric choice starts on a constructivist angle. Through the subject statement, the sociometric choice seems like a decision process. It integrates into a non-linear reasoning basically based on abduction thinking with analogic and/or deductive connections. Rationality is limited inasmuchas the subject takes singular situations about the groupal environment into consideration. In this way, it illustrates with the sociometric decisionmaking environment. Finally, the abductif reasoning shows that the subject accompanies with doubts the construction of his decision. The social atom, according to J. L. Moreno, is, in the constructivist perspectives, the cognitive-social subject… It develops his own decision from what he is and what he has the use of. He requires the heuristic reasoning
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Pang, Cheuk Fung Thomas Indiana. "The networked public sphere vs. the broadcasting public sphere : a qualitiative analysis of communicative & strategic rationality in a USENET newsgroup and radio phone-in talk shows." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1999. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/188.

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Lannuzel, Thibault. "Génération Formes Utiles, étude d’un groupe de designers en France : 1945-1973." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040127.

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Le sujet se concentre sur un cycle majeur de l’Histoire de l’art et du design français d’après-guerre, pourtant largement méconnu. Durant cette période de croissance plus communément appelée Trente Glorieuses, une lignée de onze jeunes designers français s’impose ainsi dans le paysage de la création de modèles de série. Cette génération s’attachera à promouvoir le design dès la sortie de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, se basant sur la doctrine du fonctionnalisme social défendue plus tôt par Francis Jourdain, père du mobilier de série français et membre de l’UAM, puis par ses disciples René Gabriel et Marcel Gascoin. Leur formation commune au sein des meilleures écoles ou des bureaux d’études de leurs aînés, la similitude des parcours professionnels et l’existence d’affinités personnelles nous permettent ici d’avancer l’hypothèse d’un phénomène générationnel encore jamais identifié en tant que tel. Ensemble et séparément, ces designers s’attachent donc à défendre le rationalisme à la française et une production dépouillée de tout artifice, mais plus largement l’alliance du créateur et de l’industriel pour des formes justes et l’affirmation du beau dans l’utile. En outre, avec eux apparaît le statut de designer qui doit concevoir mobilier et aménagements d’intérieur de qualité, fonctionnel et accessible à tous. Cette génération fondatrice, pourtant reléguée au second plan de l’histoire du design, mérite à ce titre d’être inscrite dans la genèse d’une profession et d’une discipline dont nous tirons encore aujourd’hui les enseignements
The topic is focused on a main period of the history of art and French post-war design but which is though largely unknown. During this period of growth also called « Trente Glorieuses », a line of eleven young French designers impose their self in the landscape of the model’s creation. This generation tries hard to promote the design from the end of the Second World War by basing on the social functionalism’s doctrine which is defended before by Francis Jourdain, father of the French serial furniture and member of the UAM, and then by his disciples René Gabriel and Marcel Gascoin. Their communal training in the best schools or in the design offices of their eldests, the similarity of their careers and the existence of personal affinities may allow us to claim the possibility of a generational phenomenon never identified in itself yet. Together or separately, this designers desire to defend the French rationalism and a production without any artifice, but above all the collaboration of the creator and the manufacturer for relevant forms and the proclamation of the beauty in the utility. Moreover, it is with them that appears the designer status who has to conceive furniture and interior organisations of quality and which is functional and reachable for everyone. This pioneer generation, relegated at the middle ground of the design history, deserves to have their place in the genesis of a profession and a discipline from which we still learn lessons
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Books on the topic "Rationality of group"

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Nicholas, Rescher, ed. Reason and rationality in natural science: A group of essays. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1985.

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M, Grauer, Thompson M. 1937-, and Wierzbicki Andrzej 1937-, eds. Plural rationality and interactive decision processes: Proceedings of an IIASA (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis) Summer Study on Plural Rationality and Interactive Decision Processes, held at Sopron, Hungary, August 12-16, 1984. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1985.

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van Um, Eric. Evaluating the Political Rationality of Terrorist Groups. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-11539-5.

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Gilbert, Margaret. Living together: Rationality, sociality, and obligation. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1996.

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Salcedo, Américo Meza. Racionalidad e irracionalidad en la cotidianidad del sujeto. Edited by Sota Sulca Ricardo. Huancayo: Taller de Estudios Sociológicos, 2006.

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Khan-Magomedov, S. O. U istokov formirovanii͡a︡ ASNOVA i OSA: Dve arkhitekturnye gruppy INKhUKa. Moskva: Architectura, 1994.

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1926-, Coleman James Samuel, and Fararo Thomas J, eds. Rational choice theory: Advocacy and critique. Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 1992.

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Sarkar, Husain. Group Rationality in Scientific Research. University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations, 2011.

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Sarkar, Husain. Group Rationality in Scientific Research. Cambridge University Press, 2003.

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Sarkar, Husain. Group Rationality in Scientific Research. Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rationality of group"

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Colliot-Thélène, Jean-Louis, and Alexei N. Skorobogatov. "Rationality in a family." In The Brauer–Grothendieck Group, 295–303. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74248-5_12.

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Proietti, Carlo. "The Dynamics of Group Polarization." In Logic, Rationality, and Interaction, 195–208. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55665-8_14.

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Platonov, Vladimir P. "Rationality Problems for Group Varieties." In European Congress of Mathematics, 151–58. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8898-1_8.

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Galimullin, Rustam, Thomas Ågotnes, and Natasha Alechina. "Group Announcement Logic with Distributed Knowledge." In Logic, Rationality, and Interaction, 98–111. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60292-8_8.

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Perrotin, Elise, Rustam Galimullin, Quentin Canu, and Natasha Alechina. "Public Group Announcements and Trust in Doxastic Logic." In Logic, Rationality, and Interaction, 199–213. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60292-8_15.

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Sedlár, Igor, Vít Punčochář, and Andrew Tedder. "First Degree Entailment with Group Attitudes and Information Updates." In Logic, Rationality, and Interaction, 273–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60292-8_20.

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Smets, Sonja, and Fernando R. Velázquez-Quesada. "How to Make Friends: A Logical Approach to Social Group Creation." In Logic, Rationality, and Interaction, 377–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55665-8_26.

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van Um, Eric. "The Puzzle of Inter-Terrorist Group Violence." In Evaluating the Political Rationality of Terrorist Groups, 35–127. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-11539-5_3.

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Yeung, David W. K., and Leon A. Petrosyan. "Dynamic Economic Optimization: Group Optimality and Individual Rationality." In Subgame Consistent Economic Optimization, 47–76. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-8262-0_3.

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McLaren, Lauren M. "Precursors to Group Conflict and Symbolic Threat: Rationality?" In Identity, Interests and Attitudes to European Integration, 93–109. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230504240_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rationality of group"

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Zhao, Wenmin, and Samuel Otten. "Secondary teachers’ practical rationality of mathematical modeling." In 42nd Meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education. PMENA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51272/pmena.42.2020-165.

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Liu, Xiang, Hau Chan, Minming Li, and Weiwei Wu. "Budget-feasible Mechanisms for Representing Groups of Agents Proportionally." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/44.

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In this paper, we consider the problem of designing budget-feasible mechanisms for selecting agents with private costs from various groups to ensure proportional representation, where the minimum proportion of the selected agents from each group is maximized. Depending on agents' membership in the groups, we consider two main models: single group setting where each agent belongs to only one group, and multiple group setting where each agent may belong to multiple groups. We propose novel budget-feasible proportion-representative mechanisms for these models, which can select representative agents from different groups. The proposed mechanisms guarantee theoretical properties of individual rationality, budget-feasibility, truthfulness, and approximation performance on proportional representation.
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Sun, Zhaohong, Taiki Todo, and Toby Walsh. "Fair Pairwise Exchange among Groups." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/59.

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We study the pairwise organ exchange problem among groups motivated by real-world applications and consider two types of group formulations. Each group represents either a certain type of patient-donor pairs who are compatible with the same set of organs, or a set of patient-donor pairs who reside in the same region. We address a natural research question, which asks how to match a maximum number of pairwise compatible patient-donor pairs in a fair and individually rational way. We first propose a natural fairness concept that is applicable to both types of group formulations and design a polynomial-time algorithm that checks whether a matching exists that satisfies optimality, individual rationality, and fairness. We also present several running time upper bounds for computing such matchings for different graph structures.
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Huibina CAI Yaminb HONG Yuanc, JIN. "Visual Search in Airport-Security Screening." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100763.

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Security screening is a special visual search process. The quality of the airport-security screeners directly determines the safety of the passengers, and understanding is the premise of improvement, so, it is necessary to learn the visual search details in security screening. Two groups of subjects (screeners’ group and students’ group) were selected to conduct a screening simulation experiment, to test the rationality of the current security principle (from difficult to easy, from complex to simple) and the difference between the two groups. Tobii T120 eye tracker was used to record the eye movements in the process and some parameters were selected to characterize eye movements. The data visually showed that screeners’ accuracy rate was 28.7% higher than students’, and screeners’ experiment time was shorter on average. Moreover, the accuracy of the judgment increases were produced by changes of observers’ experience on airport-security screening, not by changes of the number of the fixation point, and there were significant differences on fixation time percent, saccade distance, judgment accuracy between the two groups. The screeners tended to examine the images systematically according to the principle of screening but the students group preferred to random searching.
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Sun, Shufeng. "Research of Nanometer Positioning Stage With Six Degree of Freedom Based on Binary Actuation Principle." In 2007 First International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnc2007-21429.

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To adapt the miniaturized development tendency of nanometer positioning devices, a new type of micro-displacement stage with six degree of freedom, which can implement nanometer-level ultra-precision positioning without feedback control is designed. It takes a group of piezoelectric ceramics actuators (PZTAs) connected in series as actuation unit, takes flexure hinges as elastic guide rail. To overcome the non-linearity and hysteresis of PZTAs, binary actuation principle is adopted to control a group of actuators that work together to output many discrete, repeatable displacements. If these displacements are distributed within a scope of several microns, only simple on and off actuator commands may obtain nanometer-level repeatable positioning without feedback control. Theoretical calculation and finite element analysis (FEA) are used to design and simulate the stage. Expressions of rigidity and stress are obtained by theoretical calculation. FEA and experimental results verify the rationality and feasibility of the stage.
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Eiben, Eduard, Robert Ganian, and Sebastian Ordyniak. "A Structural Approach to Activity Selection." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/28.

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The general task of finding an assignment of agents to activities under certain stability and rationality constraints has led to the introduction of two prominent problems in the area of computational social choice: Group Activity Selection (GASP) and Stable Invitations (SIP). Here we introduce and study the Comprehensive Activity Selection Problem, which naturally generalizes both of these problems. In particular, we apply the parameterized complexity paradigm, which has already been successfully employed for SIP and GASP. While previous work has focused strongly on parameters such as solution size or number of activities, here we focus on parameters which capture the complexity of agent-to-agent interactions. Our results include a comprehensive complexity map for CAS under various restrictions on the number of activities in combination with restrictions on the complexity of agent interactions.
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Liu, Heping, Ani Luo, Cheng Li, Wentao Ma, and Jianhua Song. "Design Method of Octahedron Deployable Mast." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62336.

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The truss-shape deployable structure is an important and mainly developed type of deployable structure. In this paper, the octahedron deployable mast is designed and analyzed to study the design method of the truss-shape deployable structure. First, a type of truss-shape octahedron, where several truss units are connected into a truss-shape mast, is presented. Then the mechanical performance of truss-shape mast is analyzed to explore whether strings of the mast can be taken away. The relationships of the positions and the orientations of the bars are used to determine the kinematic pairs connecting the bar group in the truss structure. Using the mechanical topology analysis and the screw theory, degree of freedom for the mechanism is computed. Lastly positions of the driving pairs are determined and an octahedron deployable mast is obtained. The scheme model of the deployable mast is implemented to further verify its rationality; meanwhile we will test the correctness of the design method for the deployable structure.
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Iliev, Iliya, and Boryana Borisova. "ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNICAL ACTIONS OF WRESTLING COMPETITORS, EUROPEAN CHAMPIONS FROM WARSAW - POLAND 2021." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/06.

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ABSTRACT The effectiveness of a given technique is the most expedient way to achieve high athletic performance. The technique is defined as a relatively indivisible and integral expression of sports training, which is characterized by specific quantitative and qualitative characteristics for the rationality and content of the movement. The study aimed to determine and analyze the technical actions of the champions, as well as their basic crown holds, grips, and movements (in contact and from a distance) on the mat of the European Wrestling Championships for Women, Warsaw - Poland 2021 in the categories 50 kg, 53 kg, and 76 kg. Methods: 3 female athletes were analyzed in the study. Their ages ranged from 28 to 31 years, and the average age of the studied group was 29 years. The sports career of the female athletes lasted 22 years (± 3 years). Video analyses by category were performed using the Internet platforms YouTube and UWW of female athletes to analyze the technical actions. In the results obtained, a basic crown holds, grips and movements (in contact and from a distance) on the mat were revealed that would be useful to freestyle wrestling professionals.
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Bolek, Monika, and Rafal Wolski. "RATIONALITY OF MORE AND LESS EXPERIENCED GROUPS OF FINANCE PROFESSIONALS. EXAMPLE OF POLAND." In 52nd International Academic Conference, Barcelona. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2019.052.010.

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Papamichail, Theodora, and Ana Peric. "Informal planning: a tool towards adaptive urban governance." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/mcur1568.

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Formal planning instruments and procedures have often been unpopular and ineffective for solving complex spatial issues, such as urban sprawl or transport congestion. As a result, such conflicts turn into complex planning tasks that usually exceed the provisioned time and funding, especially when faced with adversarial interests of actors from different organisations, sectors or social groups. Hence, informal planning, as a non-binding supplement to official planning instruments, is often considered highly effective. In its broadest sense, informal planning includes the principles of collaborative dialogue, diverse networks, trustful relationships and tailor-made processes among interested parties. Consequently, informal planning processes foster sound decision-making delivering a spectrum of problem-oriented solutions and increasing public consensus, while enacting experimentation, learning, change, and the creation of shared meanings among stakeholders. However, informal planning cannot be taken for granted – it is strongly interwoven with the planning culture influenced by the historical and political background, and the current socio-economic conditions. This paper revolves around several pillars. After an introductory section, a brief historical overview firstly identifies the place of informal planning in various planning models that have appeared since the 1960s. More specifically, informal planning is analysed against the theoretical concept of collaborative rationality. Finally, the paper focuses on a specific informal planning procedure called the ‘test planning method’, being analysed against the previously elaborated theoretical background. As this instrument links both formal and informal planning, its comparison and interrelation with the theoretical background of collaborative rationality contributes to elucidating the following attributes of adaptive (collaborative) urban governance: 1) flexible and agile institutional arrangements supportive to various kinds of urban planning mechanisms (not only official tools), 2) proactive and imaginative planners ready to accept solutions created outside the technical domain of instrumental rationality, and 3) inclusion of numerous stakeholders to exchange various information and different types of knowledge, i.e. expert and experiential knowledge. Observed through the example of the test planning method, the article finally highlights the successful aspects of informal planning, however, pointing also to its shortcomings, which could be expected in the societies with a lack of key democratic elements
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Reports on the topic "Rationality of group"

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Keefer, Philip, and Razvan Vlaicu. Voting Age, Information Experiments, and Political Engagement: Evidence from a General Election. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004648.

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We exploit new experimental and quasi-experimental data to investigate voters' intrinsic motivation to engage politically. Does having the right to vote increase engagement or, given significant incentives to free ride, do eligible voters remain rationally unengaged? Does knowledge that ones group is pivotal reduce free riding? And are the politically engaged influenced by election-relevant policy information in the run-up to a major election? To address these questions, we fielded an original survey of 5,400 Mexican high school seniors just prior to the historic 2018 general election. Age-based regression discontinuity results show that the just-eligible score higher on measures of low-cost political engagement compared to the just-ineligible. A first survey experiment reveals that information that the youth vote will be pivotal increases the eligible respondents' interest in the presidential debate and in the election result. In the second experiment, information about current policy outcomes affects future policy priorities in ways consistent with the incentives of eligible respondents to collect relevant information on salient policy issues.
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Altstein, Miriam, and Ronald Nachman. Rationally designed insect neuropeptide agonists and antagonists: application for the characterization of the pyrokinin/Pban mechanisms of action in insects. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587235.bard.

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The general objective of this BARD project focused on rationally designed insect neuropeptide (NP) agonists and antagonists, their application for the characterization of the mechanisms of action of the pyrokinin/PBAN (PK-PBAN) family and the development of biostable, bioavailable versions that can provide the basis for development of novel, environmentally-friendly pest insect control agents. The specific objectives of the study, as originally proposed, were to: (i) Test stimulatory potencies of rationally designed backbone cyclic (BBC) peptides on pheromonotropic, melanotropic, myotropic and pupariation activities; (ii) Test the inhibitory potencies of the BBC compounds on the above activities evoked either by synthetic peptides (PBAN, LPK, myotropin and pheromonotropin) or by the natural endogenous mechanism; (iii) Determine the bioavailability of the most potent BBC compounds that will be found in (ii); (iv) Design, synthesize and examine novel PK/PBAN analogs with enhanced bioavailability and receptor binding; (v) Design and synthesize ‘magic bullet’ analogs and examine their ability to selectively kill cells expressing the PK/PBAN receptor. To achieve these goals the agonistic and antagonistic activities/properties of rationally designed linear and BBC neuropeptide (NP) were thoroughly studied and the information obtained was further used for the design and synthesis of improved compounds toward the design of an insecticide prototype. The study revealed important information on the structure activity relationship (SAR) of agonistic/antagonistic peptides, including definitive identification of the orientation of the Pro residue as trans for agonist activity in 4 PK/PBANbioassays (pheromonotropic, pupariation, melanotropic, & hindgut contractile) and a PK-related CAP₂b bioassay (diuretic); indications that led to the identification of a novel scaffold to develop biostbiostable, bioavailable peptidomimetic PK/PBANagonists/antagonists. The work led to the development of an arsenal of PK/PBAN antagonists with a variety of selectivity profiles; whether between different PKbioassays, or within the same bioassay between different natural elicitors. Examples include selective and non-selective BBC and novel amphiphilic PK pheromonotropic and melanotropic antagonists some of which are capable of penetrating the moth cuticle in efficacious quantities. One of the latter analog group demonstrated unprecedented versatility in its ability to antagonize a broad spectrum of pheromonotropic elicitors. A novel, transPro mimetic motif was proposed & used to develop a strong, selective PK agonist of the melanotropic bioassay in moths. The first antagonist (pure) of PK-related CAP₂b diuresis in flies was developed using a cisPro mimetic motif; an indication that while a transPro orientation is associated with receptor agonism, a cisPro orientation is linked with an antagonist interaction. A novel, biostablePK analog, incorporating β-amino acids at key peptidase-susceptible sites, exhibited in vivo pheromonotropic activity that by far exceeded that of PBAN when applied topically. Direct analysis of neural tissue by state-of-the-art MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry was used to identify specific PK/PK-related peptides native to eight arthropod pest species [house (M. domestica), stable (S. calcitrans), horn (H. irritans) & flesh (N. bullata) flies; Southern cattle fever tick (B. microplus), European tick (I. ricinus), yellow fever mosquito (A. aegypti), & Southern Green Stink Bug (N. viridula)]; including the unprecedented identification of mass-identical Leu/Ile residues and the first identification of NPs from a tick or the CNS of Hemiptera. Evidence was obtained for the selection of Neb-PK-2 as the primary pupariation factor of the flesh fly (N. bullata) among native PK/PK-related candidates. The peptidomic techniques were also used to map the location of PK/PK-related NP in the nervous system of the model fly D. melanogaster. Knowledge of specific PK sequences can aid in the future design of species specific (or non-specific) NP agonists/antagonists. In addition, the study led to the first cloning of a PK/PBAN receptor from insect larvae (S. littoralis), providing the basis for SAR analysis for the future design of 2ⁿᵈgeneration selective and/or nonselective agonists/antagonists. Development of a microplate ligand binding assay using the PK/PBAN pheromone gland receptor was also carried out. The assay will enable screening, including high throughput, of various libraries (chemical, molecular & natural product) for the discovery of receptor specific agonists/antagonists. In summary, the body of work achieves several key milestones and brings us significantly closer to the development of novel, environmentally friendly pest insect management agents based on insect PK/PBANNPs capable of disrupting critical NP-regulated functions.
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Altstein, Miriam, and Ronald J. Nachman. Rational Design of Insect Control Agent Prototypes Based on Pyrokinin/PBAN Neuropeptide Antagonists. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593398.bard.

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The general objective of this study was to develop rationally designed mimetic antagonists (and agonists) of the PK/PBAN Np class with enhanced bio-stability and bioavailability as prototypes for effective and environmentally friendly pest insect management agents. The PK/PBAN family is a multifunctional group of Nps that mediates key functions in insects (sex pheromone biosynthesis, cuticular melanization, myotropic activity, diapause and pupal development) and is, therefore, of high scientific and applied interest. The objectives of the current study were: (i) to identify an antagonist biophores (ii) to develop an arsenal of amphiphilic topically active PK/PBAN antagonists with an array of different time-release profiles based on the previously developed prototype analog; (iii) to develop rationally designed non-peptide SMLs based on the antagonist biophore determined in (i) and evaluate them in cloned receptor microplate binding assays and by pheromonotropic, melanotropic and pupariation in vivo assays. (iv) to clone PK/PBAN receptors (PK/PBAN-Rs) for further understanding of receptor-ligand interactions; (v) to develop microplate binding assays for screening the above SMLs. In the course of the granting period A series of amphiphilic PK/PBAN analogs based on a linear lead antagonist from the previous BARD grant was synthesized that incorporated a diverse array of hydrophobic groups (HR-Suc-A[dF]PRLa). Others were synthesized via the attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers. A hydrophobic, biostablePK/PBAN/DH analog DH-2Abf-K prevented the onset of the protective state of diapause in H. zea pupae [EC50=7 pmol/larva] following injection into the preceding larval stage. It effectively induces the crop pest to commit a form of ‘ecological suicide’. Evaluation of a set of amphiphilic PK analogs with a diverse array of hydrophobic groups of the formula HR-Suc-FTPRLa led to the identification of analog T-63 (HR=Decyl) that increased the extent of diapause termination by a factor of 70% when applied topically to newly emerged pupae. Another biostablePK analog PK-Oic-1 featured anti-feedant and aphicidal properties that matched the potency of some commercial aphicides. Native PK showed no significant activity. The aphicidal effects were blocked by a new PEGylated PK antagonist analog PK-dF-PEG4, suggesting that the activity is mediated by a PK/PBAN receptor and therefore indicative of a novel and selective mode-of-action. Using a novel transPro mimetic motif (dihydroimidazole; ‘Jones’) developed in previous BARD-sponsored work, the first antagonist for the diapause hormone (DH), DH-Jo, was developed and shown to block over 50% of H. zea pupal diapause termination activity of native DH. This novel antagonist development strategy may be applicable to other invertebrate and vertebrate hormones that feature a transPro in the active core. The research identifies a critical component of the antagonist biophore for this PK/PBAN receptor subtype, i.e. a trans-oriented Pro. Additional work led to the molecular cloning and functional characterization of the DH receptor from H. zea, allowing for the discovery of three other DH antagonist analogs: Drosophila ETH, a β-AA analog, and a dF analog. The receptor experiments identified an agonist (DH-2Abf-dA) with a maximal response greater than native DH. ‘Deconvolution’ of a rationally-designed nonpeptide heterocyclic combinatorial library with a cyclic bis-guanidino (BG) scaffold led to discovery of several members that elicited activity in a pupariation acceleration assay, and one that also showed activity in an H. zea diapause termination assay, eliciting a maximal response of 90%. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a CAP2b antidiuretic receptor from the kissing bug (R. prolixus) as well as the first CAP2b and PK receptors from a tick was also achieved. Notably, the PK/PBAN-like receptor from the cattle fever tick is unique among known PK/PBAN and CAP2b receptors in that it can interact with both ligand types, providing further evidence for an evolutionary relationship between these two NP families. In the course of the granting period we also managed to clone the PK/PBAN-R of H. peltigera, to express it and the S. littoralis-R Sf-9 cells and to evaluate their interaction with a variety of PK/PBAN ligands. In addition, three functional microplate assays in a HTS format have been developed: a cell-membrane competitive ligand binding assay; a Ca flux assay and a whole cell cAMP ELISA. The Ca flux assay has been used for receptor characterization due to its extremely high sensitivity. Computer homology studies were carried out to predict both receptor’s SAR and based on this analysis 8 mutants have been generated. The bioavailability of small linear antagonistic peptides has been evaluated and was found to be highly effective as sex pheromone biosynthesis inhibitors. The activity of 11 new amphiphilic analogs has also been evaluated. Unfortunately, due to a problem with the Heliothis moth colony we were unable to select those with pheromonotropic antagonistic activity and further check their bioavailability. Six peptides exhibited some melanotropic antagonistic activity but due to the low inhibitory effect the peptides were not further tested for bioavailability in S. littoralis larvae. Despite the fact that no new antagonistic peptides were discovered in the course of this granting period the results contribute to a better understanding of the interaction of the PK/PBAN family of Nps with their receptors, provided several HT assays for screening of libraries of various origin for presence of PK/PBAN-Ragonists and antagonists and provided important practical information for the further design of new, peptide-based insecticide prototypes aimed at the disruption of key neuroendocrine physiological functions in pest insects.
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